1 .

2 4 | Basic Mathematics

Logarithmic

Exercise 1 1§ 1 1 ·
Q.5 1  log5 ¨ log  logx  log5 ¸
3© 2 3 ¹
Q.1 Solve
1 § 1· § 1· 1 § 1·
(i) log16 32 Q.6 logx  log ¨ x  ¸ log ¨ x  ¸  log ¨ x  ¸
2 © 2¹ © 2¹ 2 © 8¹
(ii) log8 16 log10 x  7
log10 x 1
Q.7 x 4 10
(iii) log1/3 1 / 9
log210 x log10 x2 2
(iv) log2 1728 § log10 x ·
3 Q.8 ¨¨ ¸¸ log10 x
(v) log2 cos 45º © 2 ¹

(vi) log2 log2 4 Q.9 log2 x  log2 8x  1 0

(vii) log3 tan30º

Q.10 log1/3 x  3 log1/3 x  2 0

Q.2 Prove the following logb x

2
logb x
Q.11 a  5a 6 0
(i) log5 5 5 5  f 1
2 § 2 ·
Q.12 log4 x2  1  log4 x  1 log4 ¨ 4x ¸
(ii) log0.125 8 1 © ¹
(iii) log1.5 0.6 1 x 3 x 3
Q.13 2log3 1 log3
x7 x 1
(iv) log2.25 0.4 1
Q.14 logx 9x2 log32 x 4
(v) log10 0.9 0

Q.3 Find the no. of digits in Q.15 log0.5x x2  14log16x x2  40log4x x 0

(i) 2100 (ii) 310

2
Q.16 log3 log1/2 x  3log1/2 x  5 2
Q.4 Solve
15
(i) logx 1 3 2 Q.17 log2 x / 4
x
log2  1
8
(ii) log3 3x  8 2x 1
Q.18 log 5x  4  log10 x  1 2  log10 0.18
2 2 10
(iii) log5 x x  2x  65 2

(iv) log3 x  1  log3 x  3 1 Q.19 log10 x2 log10 5x  4

2log10 x
(v) x 10.x2 1 1
Q.20 log2 x  2  log1/8 3x  5
log10 x 5 6 3
5  log10 x
(vi) x 3 10
log10 x 1 1
log x Q.21 3
(vii) x 3 9 3
log10 x  40

1
 M a them a ti cs | 1.25

1 1 log 3
Q.4 If 5x 2  3 2
log x
162 then logarithm of x to the
Q.22 1  log10 2x  1 log x  9
2 2 10 base 4 has the value equal to
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 3/2
Q.23 log10 3x2  7  log10 3x  2 1
log2 x log10 x3 3 2
§ 1 · Q.5 (x) 10
Q.24 ¨ 1  ¸ log10 3  log10 2 log10 27  3 1/x 1 1
2x ¹ –
© x 1 –1 x 1 1
1 where x1> x2> x3, then
Q.25 log x  3log10 2  x log10 x x  2  1
2 10
(A) x1  x3 2x2 (B) x1 .x3 x22

Q.26 log2 4 x  1 x  log2 2x 3  6 2x1 x2

(C) x2 (D) x11  x11 x31
x1  x2
Q.27 log 5
4 x  6  log 5
2x  2 2
log3 log2
Q.6 Let x 2 and y 3 where base of the
1 xlog10 4 logarithm is 10, then which one of the following holds
Q.28 log10 3x  24  x 2 log10 16  good?
4 2
$ [\ % \[  & [ \ ' \ [
4
Q.29 log10 log10 x  log10 log10 x  3 0
Q.7 Number of real solution(s) of the equation
3x2 10x 3
Q.30 log3 9x  9 log3 3x 28  2.3x x 3 1 is-

(A) Exactly four (B) Exactly three

Exercise 2 (C) Exactly two (D) Exactly one

Single Correct Choice Type Q.8 If x1 and x2 are the roots of the equation
log2010 x
2010x x2 WKHQÀQGWKHF\SKHUVDWWKHHQG
1 1 1 of the product (x1x2)
Q.1  
log bc
abc log ac
abc log ab
abc
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 4
has the value equal to
Q.9 Let x = 2 or x = 3 satisfy the equation, log4 (x2 + bx
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4 F  7KHQÀQGWKHYDOXHRI_EF_
(A) 50 (B) 60 (C) 40 (D) 55
logx log2 x 1
Q.2 The equation, log2 2x2  log2 x.x

1 3log1/2 log2 x
 log4 2x 4  2 1 has
2
(A) Exactly one real solution (B) Two real solutions
(C) 3 Real solutions (D) No solution

Q.31XPEHURI]HURVDIWHUGHFLPDOEHIRUHDVLJQLÀFDQW
ÀJXUHLQ  –10 is:
(Use log10 2 = 0.301 and log10 3= 0.477)

(A) 20 (B) 19 (C) 18 (D) None

2
1 . 3 0 | Basic Mathematics

Answer Key

Exercise 1
5 4 1 1
Q.1 (i) (ii) (iii) 2 (iv) 6 (v) – (vi) 1 (vii) –
4 3 2 2

Q.3 (i) 31 (ii) 5

3 1 1 3
1
Q.4 (i) 1 + 3 (ii) 2 (iii) –5 (iv) 0 (v) 10 2 ,10 2 (vi) ,1000
105
2 2
(vii) 3 , 3

24
Q.5 Q.6 1 Q.7 10–4, 10 Q.8 10-3, 10, 102
51/3
loga b,3loga b
Q.9 2, 16 Q.10 1/3, (1/3)4 Q.11 2 Q.12 3+ 6

§ 17 · § 17 ·
¨ –1  ¸ ¨ –1– ¸
¨ 5 ¸¹ ¨ 5 ¸¹
Q.13 – 5 Q.14. 3, 1/9 Q.15 2© , 2© Q.16 1/16, 2

41
Q.17 27, 2–1 Q.18 8, – Q.19 4, 1 Q.20 3
5
1 1
Q.21 48 Q.22 13 Q.23 1, 9 Q.24 ,
4 2
Q.25 98 Q.26 0 Q.27 2 Q.28 3

Q.29 (10)–1/4, (10) Q.30 (–1), 2

Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type

Q.1 B Q.2 D Q.3 C Q.4 D Q.5 B Q.6 D

Q.7 B Q.8 C Q.9 A