EDUSEEDS

Biology 605

Teacher’s Guide and Answer Keys

BIOLOGY
© EDUSEEDS

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First published 2013

Second edition 2019

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 Section 1 – Structure and Functions of Plant Parts

Note to Teachers: Wherever 8.

applicable, key words are indicated in a. root system
bold for subjective questions to ease b. sunlight
checking/marking. c. buds, fruits
d. primary root
Lesson 1.1 e. root hairs
The Root System f. monocotyledonous

1. 9. The tap root is a single main root

a. True that grows from the end of the
b. False (vertically) stem of a plant. It is thick and
c. True bears lateral branches. The ends
d. True of the roots have fine hair-like
e. True structures. Fibrous roots consist of
f. False (haustoria) many branching roots that
g. False (haustoria) emerge from the base of the stem.
They are a cluster of roots of the
2. D (banyan) same size and thickness
3. C (mustard)
4. D (money plant) 10.
5. B (to manufacture food) a. Roots fix the plant to the soil.
6. B (epiphytes) b. Roots absorb water and
minerals from the soil and
7. conduct or send them upwards
a. Shoot tip to the stem or leaves.
b. Lateral bud c. Roots bind the soil particles
c. Flower together so that they are not
d. Internode washed away by the rain or
e. Fruit blown away by the wind.
f. Leaf
g. Node 11. Any two example:
h. Primary root • tap root (food storage)
i. Lateral root • prop root, stilt roots,
j. Root hair climbing roots (mechanical
k. Root tip support), nitrogen – fixing
l. Shoot system roots, pneumatophores,
m. Root system epiphytic roots, haustoria

12. Activity 1 - Teacher Check

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Lesson 1.2 5. Tuber (potato)
The Shoot System Bulb (onion)

1. 6. Modified underground stems have

a. True nodes, buds and scale leaves
b. False (Conduct water and
mineral from roots to leaves) 7.
c. True
d. False (manufactured by leaves) Bulb of Onion
e. True
Scale leaves
2.
a. F (Shoot system)
b. E (Nodes) Highly condensed
c. I (Internodes) stem at the bottom

d. K (Apical bud)
e. D (Axil)
f. C (Axillary buds) Tuber of Potato
g. A (Stem tendrils) Buds growing from
h. H (Tubers) the eye of tuber

i. G (Twiners)
j. B (Bulb)

3.
a. shoot
b. apical bud
c. axillary, branches
d. trunks. Lesson 1.3
e. roots, leaves Leaf
f. underground
g. tubers 1.
h. phylloclades a. Axillary bud
b. Midrib
4. In any order c. Veins
a. Bears all the aerial parts of the d. Lamina
plant in proper position. e. Petiole
b. Conducts water and minerals f. stem
from the roots to the leaves.
c. Carries the food manufactured
by the leaves to other parts of
the plant.
d. Prepares food for the plant.
e. Helps to keep the plant upright /
gives the plant mechanical
support.

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 Suggested Project Answers
a. Different shapes of leaves
• Needle-shaped: The leaf is
like a needle, long, thin and
pointed. For example, pine
and onion.
• Oval or elliptical: The leaf
is oval with its width slightly
less than its length. For
example, guava and apple.
• Heart-shaped: In this type,
the base is wider than the
apex. For example, betel.
• Oblong: The leaf has a
rectangular lamina and is
long and broad with a round
apex. For example, banana.
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• Circular: The leaf is round
and the lamina looks like an
umbrella. For example, lily
and lotus.
b. Different patterns of
arrangement of leaves on
the stem (alternate,
opposite and whorled)
• Alternate:
When only one leaf arises
from each node and two
successive leaves are in
the opposite directions as
in china rose, mustard
and sunflower, the
arrangement is called
alternate.
• Opposite:
When two leaves arise
at each node opposite to
each other the
arrangement is termed
opposite. For example,
basil, guava and jasmine.
• Whorled:
When there are more
than two leaves at each
node and these are
arranged in a circle or
whorl the arrangement
of leaves is known as
whorled. For example,
oleander.
5 © EDUSEEDS
 c. Different patterns of
arrangement of veins on the
leaves (venation of leaves)
• Reticulate venation: The
word reticulate means like a
network. In this type of
venation, veins and veinlets
are irregularly distributed
over the entire lamina,
forming a network. For
example, guava and mango.
• Parallel venation: In this
type, veins from the leaf
base run parallel to each
other. For example, banana,
grass and wheat.
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d. Modification of leaves in
insectivorous plants
• Pitcher plant:
In the pitcher plant, the leaf
is modified into a pitcher and
its apex (tip) into a lid. When
an insect enters the pitcher
the lid closes. The plant then
secretes some digestive
juices which digest the insect
• Venus flytrap:
In the Venus flytrap, each
leaf has long pointed hair on
its edges. The lamina is
divided into two parts and
the midrib acts as a hinge.
When an insect is caught,
the leaf suddenly closes and
secretes digestive juices to
digest it.
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 • Bladder-wort: Lesson 1.4
In the bladderwort, the Flower
leaves are highly segmented.
Some of these segments 1.
form bladders. Each bladder a. True
is a hollow chamber having b. True
an opening. The mouth has c. False (female)
a trap door which allows d. False (sepals)
only very small flies to enter e. False (androecium)
it. Once they enter, they
cannot come out and are 2. B
digested. 3. D
4. C
5. A

6.
a. stigma
b. petal
c. style
d. sepal
e. anther
f. filament
g. ovule
h. ovary
7.
a. sepals
b. male
c. insects
d. innermost
e. female
f. long, narrow
g. male, female
h. male, female
i. reproductive
j. filament, anther
k. ovary

8. Bisexual flowers have both male

and female reproductive parts.
Example: Lily.
Unisexual flowers have either
male reproductive parts or female
reproductive parts.
Example: oak.

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 f. insects
9. A flower consists of four parts: g. sticky
a. Sepals - The important function
of a sepal is to protect the 3.
inner parts of a flower at the a. Wind
bud stage. b. Water
c. Insects
b. Petals - The important function d. Animals
of a petal is to protect the
reproductive parts and they 4.
also attract insects which help in a. They are brightly coloured
pollination. b. They have a sweet smell
c. They produce nectar
c. Stamens - A stamen consists d. The stigma and pollen grains are
of a filament and anther. The sticky
anther is filled with fine
particulars called pollen grains 5.
which contain male reproductive a. They are small, never coloured
cells or gametes. or attractive
b. They do not emit any smell or
d. Ovary – The ovary is the any nectar
female reproductive part of c. The anthers produce a large
the flower. It contains ovules quantity of pollen grains
which carries the female d. The pollen grains are small, light,
gamete. smooth and dry
e. The stigma is large and feathery

Lesson 1.5 6. The difference between self-

Reproduction pollination and cross-pollination is
that in self-pollination pollen grains
1. are transferred from the anther to
a. True the stigma of the same flower or
b. True different flower of the same
c. False (same plant) plant. In cross-pollination, pollen
d. True grains are transferred from the
e. False (aquatic) anther of a flower to the stigma of
f. False (water) a flower of another plant but of
the same species.
2.
a. anther, stigma
b. fertilization
c. self-pollination
d. feathery
e. insects

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Lesson 1.6
Fertilization 12. Dispersal of seeds is the movement
or transport of seeds away from
1. the parent plant. Agents for seed
a. Pollen grains dispersal are wind, water and
b. Pollen tube animals.

2. The pollen tube carries the male

gamete to the ovule. Lesson 1.7
Discuss and Apply
3.
a. True 1. Suggested answers:
b. True
c. True Objective: Students to learn
d. False (true fruit)
about the importance of plants
e. True
to the ecosystem.
f. True
g. False (inner most hard part)
• Green plants are the producers
h. False (zygote)
of food. They convert carbon
dioxide and water with the help
4. C (it develops into a shoot)
of chlorophyll in the presence of
5. B (monocarp)
sunlight to produce glucose and
6. A (ovary)
oxygen. This process is called
7. D (Producers of carbon dioxide)
photosynthesis. All animals and
8. B (zygote)
human beings depend upon
9. B (two)
plants for food either directly or
indirectly.
10.
a. fertilization
b. size • Plants maintain the
c. seed coat atmosphere. They produce
d. embryo oxygen and absorb carbon
e. cotyledons dioxide during photosynthesis.
f. water, light Oxygen is essential for life
g. shoot processes. It also maintains the
h. root ozone layer that helps protect
i. one Earth’s life from damaging UV
j. fruit, seeds radiation.

11. Monocot seeds have one • Plants provide many products

cotyledon, for example, rice or for human use, such as
wheat or corn. Dicot seeds have firewood, timber, fibers,
two cotyledons, for example, bean medicines, dyes, pesticides, oils,
or pea. and rubber.

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 • Plants create habitats for
many organisms. A single tree
may be a habitat of many
different species.

• Plants play a major role in

the carbon cycle. The carbon
dioxide we produce enters the
carbon cycle, where carbon is
converted between sources in
the ground, living things and the
air. Plants take in carbon dioxide
during photosynthesis, removing
it from the atmosphere. The
carbon becomes part of the
structure of plants. When plants
die, they decompose, and
carbon is returned to the
ground. Over time, geological
processes will convert it into
reserves of coal and when
humans extract and burn these
resources carbon dioxide is
being released into the air again.

• Plants play a major role in

the water cycle. Water in the
ground is taken up through the
root systems in plants and
delivered to other parts of the
plant. Some water is used in
photosynthesis, but some water
evaporates into the
atmosphere in a process called
transpiration. Transpiration
returns ground water to the
atmosphere to continue the
cycle.

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 Tests

Note to teachers and facilitators:

This module consists of only 1 Section. The Section Test can be used as:
• a review or
• for further practice
before students take the Module Test. Alternatively, students may take the Module
Test without taking the Section Test if they are sufficiently prepared and/or based
on teacher’s assessment.

Section Test
7. The tap root is a single main root
1. that grows from the end of the
a. False (innermost) stem of a plant. The ends of tap
b. True roots have fine hair-like
c. True structures. The adventitious roots
d. True arise from nodes of the stem or
e. True on margins of leaves. They are a
f. False (carbon dioxide, sunlight, cluster of roots of the same
chlorophyll) size and thickness.
g. True
h. True
i. False (modified stems) 8.
j. True a. The bud growing at the tip of
the stem or branch.
2. A b. The parts on the stem from
3. C where branches and leaves
4. A arise.
5. B c. Roots that grow above the
ground.
6.
a. root system
b. breathing
roots/pneumatophores
c. prop / stilt
d. reproductive
e. filament, anther
f. root
g. fruit
h. seed

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Module Test

1. 13. A modified underground stem has

a. True nodes, buds, and scale leaves
b. False (pea, bean) whereas a modified root does not
c. True have all these.
d. False (tip of stem/ branch)
e. False (roots) 14. See Table 1 on Page 14
f. False (gynoecium and
androecium) 15. Fertilisation:
g. False (seed) a. Starts when a pollen grain
h. False (zygote) reaches the stigma.
b. It germinates to produce a long
2. pollen tube.
a. C c. The pollen tube carries the male
b. D gametes and grows through the
c. A style to reach the ovule.
d. M d. The male gamete fuses with the
e. H egg cell in the ovule.
f. G e. Lastly it produces a zygote.
g. E
h. F
i. I
j. J

3. D
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. C

12.
a. Stem/ xylem
b. Photosynthesis
c. Bisexual
d. Embryo
e. Dispersal of seeds/ seed
dispersal

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Alternate Test
• Oxygen is also released in
1. this process called
a. True photosynthesis.
b. false (epiphytes)
c. true 10. Self-pollination is the transference
d. false (true fruit ) of pollen grains from the anther
e. true to the stigma of the same
f. true flower or different flower of the
g. false ( either male/ female ) same plant. In cross-pollination, the
pollen grains are transferred
2. B from the anther to the stigma
3. A of a flower of another plant but
4. B of the same species.
5. C
6. B 11. Reticulate venation is the type of
venation, where veins and
7. veinlets are irregularly
a. root system and shoot system distributed over the entire
b. Fertilization lamina, forming a network.
c. aerial Parallel venation is the type of
d. prop / stilt venation where these veins
e. large; feathery from the leaf base run parallel
f. bulb/ onion to each other.
g. Stem tendrils
h. phylloclades 12. The functions of a stem are:
• to bear all the aerial parts of the
8. plant in proper position
a. axillary bud • to conduct water and minerals
b. midrib from the roots to the leaves
c. veins • to carry food manufactured by
d. lamina the leaves to other parts of the
e. petiole plant
f. stem • to help to keep the plant upright.
• some stems are modified to
9. The leaf produces sugar (glucose) in perform special functions such
the presence of sunlight and as the production and storage
chlorophyll. of food.
• Carbon dioxide and water
are the raw materials
needed.
• They combine in the presence
of sunlight and chlorophyll to
produce sugar.

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Answer for Question 14 of Module Test

Table 1

Pollination by Wind Pollination by Insects

Flowers small and never coloured. Flowers brightly coloured.

Flowers do not emit smell. Flowers emit sweet smell.

Flowers do not produce nectar. Flowers produce nectar.

Anthers produce large quantity of Less pollen produced.

pollen.
Pollen grains small, dry and light. Pollen grains are sticky.

Stigma is large and feathery. Stigma is sticky and small.

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