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Power System Transients
Power System Transients
N O W E R 1995 1 IO5
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[EEE TRANSACTlONS O N BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING. VOL. 42, NO. 11. NOYEMBER 1995
+t
line charges extending along the line length (Fig. 1). The
human body is modeled by a sphere for the head, a thin
cylinder for the neck, a thick cylinder for the waist/mtch, and where E, is the normal component of the electric field
another thick cylinder, but of lesser radius, for the legs (Fig. 2). calculated at the boundary point, and E, is the permittivity
The surface charge on the human is simulated by another set of of free space. E, is equal to the total field at the boundary
Nz unknown ring charges. Images of the simulation charges point on the human body in light of the fact that the human
with respect to the ground plane are considered. Symmetry is treated as a conducting body.
about the Z-axis reduces the number of unknown charges to At the boundary point, the induced current density J , normal
+
N I Nz. to the surface and just inside the boundary, is expressed as
J = wu = we,E, (6)
C. Boundary Conditions
Contour points are chosen on the stressed plate and on the where w is the angular frequency of the voltage applied to the
human body to satisfy the pertinent boundary conditions: stressed plate representing the transmission line conductors.
1) The potential calculated at the contour points chosen on The induced current Ik just inside the boundary of a part
the stressed plate is equal to the applied voltage V. of the body, say kth, is obtained by integrating J over the
2) The potential calculated at the contour points chosen on surface area SI, of this part
the human body is equal to: a) the unknown induced
voltage for an insulated body, orb) zero for a grounded
body. (7)
3) The sum of the charges simulating the human is equal
to zero for the insulated (ungrounded) body only.
On the other hand, the current density distribution inside the
body depends on the material constants assigned to the human
organs filling the volume of the body.
D. Describing Equations
The potential 4%at contour point z is the sum of the
potential contributionsfrom all the simulationcharges Q3,j = E. su,.jaceElectric ~ ~ l d ,
+
1 , . . ,2N1 Nz, and is expressed as [5], [61 Charge, and Induced Current
Satisfaction of the boundary points at the chosen contour
2N1+N2 points using (1) results in a set of equations whose solution
4c = Ps,3Q3 ( l ) determines the charges simulating the body as well as the
3=1 induced potential on the insulated body. Once the simulation
charges are determined, the electric field, the induced charge,
where Ps,l is the potential coefficient of the charge Q3 and current at the surface of the human body are determined
calculated at the zth contour point (Appendix I). using (2t(7).
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ABDEL-SALAM AND ABDALLAH: TRANSMISSION-LINEUEClwC FIELD INDUCI'ION IN HUMANS 11M
TABLE I
FlELD ENHANCWNT
FACTORAND CHARGE DENSITY ALONG HUMAN BODY
Position
I
3:
AYE CON0 ZL 3 m
I 'r
(Eo =10 kV/m) n m m AYE COND Z2.2m
HEIGHTS
TABLE 11
INDUCED CURRENTS IN GROLINDED
AND INSULATED HUMAN BODIES
top of head I 21 I 18
middle of neck
middle of waistlmtch
a io 20 40 M BO 70 BO
middle of lcgs 157 Dlstance x from tronsmlsslon-line center, m
(a)
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1108 lEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGl"G, VOL. 42, NO. 11. NOVEMBER 1995
+ 2
m
= - middle of laps ml = -
- middls of xdst/uobh ffl
2-
-- middle of neck m2 =-
.. top of hsod a2
=20- ,--.
, .\
=
-
I .
,o---- ,'
.
..... \
*.
..., ..., -_.. .,-- - _ _ _ and T(m) is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind [SI
and E is the permittivity of air.
0 ,
--..--I7.z.: :.::.=.7.z,-",z"-
I v--.E-. r)
0 IO 20 40 50 60 70 BO
Dlstance x from transmlsslon-line center, m
(bt B. Infinite Line Charge
Fig. 5. (a) Induced current in an insulated human as dependent on his p s i - di tneme
t,,,, coefficient P , , ~calculated at the ith point
tion undemeath (a) a 362-kV transmission line and (b) a 550-kVuansmission
line. of coordinates ( T ~zi)
, for a line charge located at ( r j ,zj) and
its image is expressed as
V. CONCLUSION
A method is proposed for determining the distribution of
the elecmc fields, induced charges, and currents in a human
body standing in high elecmc fields produced by high-voltage
overhead transmission lines. This method is based on the
charge simulation technique. The calculated field enhancement
factor at the top of the head of the human agreed well
with those reported before. The calculated induced current in A. Ring Charge
grounded and insulated humans conform with those reported
earlier. With reference to Fig. 6, the field coefficients fYt,> and
fz,,,calculated at the ith point p of coordinates (ri,2;) for
a ring charge of radius rj located at z = z j and its image
APPENDIX I are expressed as
PO^^ c o m c m Pi,j
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ABDFLSALAM AND ABDALLAH: TRANSMISSION-LINZELECIXlC FWLD INDUCITON IN HUMANS 1109
REFERENCES
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