MIND
A closed figure having four sides, four angles and four vertices, is called a quadrilateral.
Here, the term ‘ Quad’ means ‘ Four’ and term ‘ Lateral’ means ‘ Sides’ , so that the term
‘ Quadrilateral’ means ‘ a figure bounded by four sides’ .
TYPES OF QUADRILATERAL
1. A quadrilateral in which one pair of opposite
sides are parallel and one pair of opposite
sides are non-parallel, is called a trapezium.
2. A quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite
sides are parallel, is called parallelogram.
3. A parallelogram in which one of its angles is
right angle, is called rectangle. In other
words, a quadrilateral in which opposite sides
are parallel and equal and one angle is 90°, is
called a rectangle.
4. A parallelogram in which all sides are equal, is
called a rhombus. In other words, a
quadrilateral in which all four sides are equal
and both pairs of opposite sides are parallel, is
called a rhombus.
5. A rectangle whose two consecutive sides are
equal, is called a square. In other words, a
quadrilateral in which all four sides are equal,
both pairs of opposite sides are parallel and
one angle is right angle, is called a square.
6. A quadrilateral in which two pairs of adjacent
sides are equal is known as kite.
Some Important Results
1. The diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other
and have equal lengths.
2. The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other
at right angles.
3. The diagonals of a square bisect each other at
right angles and have equal lengths.
4. Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are
also equal.
ANGLE SUM PROPERTY TERMS RELATED TO QUADRILATERAL
OF A QUADRILATERAL
1. Two sides of a quadrilateral which do not
The sum of the four angles of a quadrilateral intersect, i.e. have no common end point
is 360°. (vertex), are called opposite sides.
2. Two sides of a quadrilateral which have a
common point, i.e. intersect each other are
called consecutive sides.
The Mid-point Theorem
3. Two angles of a quadrilateral are said to be
The line segment joining the mid-points of
opposite angles, if they do not have common
two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third
arm.
side and equal to half of it.
4. Two angles of a quadrilateral are said to be
consecutive or adjacent angles, if they have a
common arm.
5. In a quadrilateral, the line segment joining the
Converse of Mid-point Theorem
opposite vertices is called a diagonal of the
The line drawn through the mid-point of one quadrilateral.
side of a triangle, parallel to another side
bisect the third side.
Properties of a Parallelogram
1. A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two
congruent triangles.
2. In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal.
3. If each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is
equal, then it is a parallelogram.
4. In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.
5. If in a quadrilateral, each pair of opposite angles is
equal, then it is a parallelogram.
6. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
7. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other,
then it is a parallelogram.
8. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram, if a pair of opposite
sides is equal and parallel.