CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

MACHINE FOUNDATION  VI

“The instructor of this course owns the copyright of all the course materials. This lecture material was distributed only to the students attending the course <CE451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering> of IIT Kanpur,
and should not be distributed in print or through electronic media without the consent of the instructor. Students can make their own copies of the course materials for their use.”

Instructor: Bipin Gupta, Contact: Motwani Building – Room no: MB-608, email: bkgupta@iitk.ac.in, Phone no: 0512-259-2143 (O)
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CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

ELASTIC HALF-SPACE MODEL  COUPLED ROCKING AND

SLIDING VIBRATION
M(t) M0eit
x0  x  L +
Clockwise +ve
Q(t) Q0eit +M

x0  displacement of base, x  displacement of cg,

  angle of rotation in radians L
+x
x0  x  L + Fx
Half-space

• Equation of motion in sliding  

mx  c x x0  k x x0  Q0 eit

 +
mx  c x  x  L   k x  x  L   Q0eit x0
x0 L

mx  cx x  k x x  Lcx  Lk x  Q0eit

Centre of rotation

Translation and rotation about CG are positive – First mode of vibration

If translation +ve and rotation –ve the center of rotation lies above CG 
Second mode of vibration
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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

ELASTIC HALF-SPACE MODEL  COUPLED ROCKING AND

SLIDING VIBRATION
M(t) M0eit
+
• Equation of motion for rocking Q(t) Q0eit +M
Clockwise +ve

M m  c   k   cx x0 L  k x x0 L  M y eit

L
+x
x0  x  L + Fx
Half-space

   
M m  c  L2cx   k  L2 k x   Lcx x  Lk x x  M y eit
 

• To obtain natural frequencies  +

mx  c x x  k x x  Lc x  Lk x  0 x0
x0 L
   
M m  c  L2cx   k  L2 k x   Lcx x  Lk x x  0 Centre of rotation

Translation and rotation about CG are positive – First mode of vibration

If translation +ve and rotation –ve the center of rotation lies above CG 
Second mode of vibration
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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

ELASTIC HALF-SPACE MODEL  COUPLED ROCKING AND

SLIDING VIBRATION
M(t) M0eit
+
mx  c x x  k x x  Lc x  Lk x  0 Q(t) Q0eit +M
Clockwise +ve

   
M m  c  L2cx   k  L2 k x   Lcx x  Lk x x  0
L
+x
+ Fx
• Natural frequencies Half-space

x  Aeind t   Bei nd
t
 
A Lk x  iLcxnd
 2  +
B  mnd  k x  icxnd
x0

A

2
 M mnd   
 k  L2 k x  i c  L2c x nd x0 L
Centre of rotation
B Lk x  ic xnd
Translation and rotation about CG are positive – First mode of vibration

If translation +ve and rotation –ve the center of rotation lies above CG 
Second mode of vibration
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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

ELASTIC HALF-SPACE MODEL  COUPLED ROCKING AND

SLIDING VIBRATION
M(t) M0eit
• Natural frequencies Q(t) Q0eit
+
+M
Clockwise +ve

A Lk x  iLcxnd
 2
B  mnd  k x  icxnd L
+x
+ Fx
2

2
 
2
A  M mnd  k  L k x  i c  L c x nd

 Half-space

B Lk x  ic xnd  

2  +
  n2  nx
2
4 x nxn  2 2 
nx n
4
nd   2
 nd   

  r r  r  x0
   x0 L
2
  xnxn  nd n 2  Centre of rotation
4
 r

n2  nd
2
  r
2
nx  nd   0
 Translation and rotation about CG are positive – First mode of vibration
kx k M cx c If translation +ve and rotation –ve the center of rotation lies above CG 
nx  ; n  ; r  m ; x  ;  
m M m0 M m0 2 kxm 2 k M m 0 Second mode of vibration
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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

ELASTIC HALF-SPACE MODEL  COUPLED ROCKING AND

SLIDING VIBRATION
M(t) M0eit
• Natural frequencies Q(t) Q0eit
+
+M
Clockwise +ve

2
  n2  nx
2
4 x nxn  2 2 
nx n
4
nd   2
 nd   
 L
  r r  r  +x
  
+ Fx
2 Half-space
  xnxn  nd n 2 
4
 r

n2  nd
2
  r

2
nx  nd   0
  
 x    0
 +
• Effect of damping on natural frequency is small,
hence, natural frequency can be calculated as x0
x0
L
 2 2 2 2 2 2  Centre of rotation
1  n  nx   n2  nx 4nxn 
2
n1, 2       0
2  r   r  r Translation and rotation about CG are positive – First mode of vibration
    
 
If translation +ve and rotation –ve the center of rotation lies above CG 
Second mode of vibration
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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

ELASTIC HALF-SPACE MODEL  COUPLED ROCKING AND

SLIDING VIBRATION
M(t) M0eit
• Damped amplitudes when Q(t) acting Q(t) Q0eit
+
+M
Clockwise +ve

 2 2 2 1/2
Q0 
2

 M m  k  k x L 2
  2
 4  k x M m 0   x L k x m 
 L
Ax1 
mM m   2
  +x
+ Fx
1/2 Half-space

A1 
2

Q0 L nx nx  4 x
2

 
Mm  2  
• Damped amplitudes when M(t) acting
1/2
 +
 2 2 2
M 0 L 
 
nx   2 xnx  

Ax 2  x0
Mm  
  2
x0 L

 2 2  Centre of rotation

M   
nx   2   2 xnx 2 
A 2  0   Translation and rotation about CG are positive – First mode of vibration
Mm   2
 
If translation +ve and rotation –ve the center of rotation lies above CG 
Second mode of vibration
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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

ELASTIC HALF-SPACE MODEL  COUPLED ROCKING AND

SLIDING VIBRATION
M(t) M0eit
+
 2 2 2 1/2 Clockwise +ve
Q0 

 M m 2  k  k x L   4  k x M m0   x L
2 2
kxm  

Q(t) Q0eit +M

Ax1 
mM m   2 
L
2 1/2 +x

A1 
2
Q0 L nx nx   4 x  + Fx
Half-space
Mm  
 2
1/2
 2 2 2 
M L
  
nx   2 x  nx    
Ax 2  0  
Mm   2
   +
 2 2 
M   
nx   2   2 xnx 2 
A 2  0   x0
Mm   2
  x0 L
Centre of rotation
2
 n2  nx
2
4 x nxn  n2 nx
2 
 
  2   4   2 
  r

r

 r 

Translation and rotation about CG are positive – First mode of vibration

2 1/2
     

  4  x nx n2   2 
 n  2
 
n   2    If translation +ve and rotation –ve the center of rotation lies above CG 
  r r   Second mode of vibration
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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

ELASTIC HALF-SPACE MODEL  COUPLED ROCKING AND

SLIDING VIBRATION
M(t) M0eit
• Damped amplitudes when Q(t) + M(t) acting Q(t) Q0eit
+
+M
Clockwise +ve

 2 2 2 1/2
Q0 
 M 
m 2
 k  k x L  4 2
 
k M
x m0   x L2
k x m 

Ax1  L
mM m   2
  +x
+ Fx
1/2 Half-space

A1 
2

Q0 L nx nx  4 x
2

Mm  
 2  
1/2
 2 2 2
 

M 0 L  nx
  2 xnx  
  +
Ax 2 
Mm    
2

2 x0
 2 

M0 
 
nx   2   2 xnx 2 

x0 L
A 2 
Mm   2
  Centre of rotation

Translation and rotation about CG are positive – First mode of vibration

Ax  Ax1  Ax 2
If translation +ve and rotation –ve the center of rotation lies above CG 
A  A1  A 2 Second mode of vibration
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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

EMBEDDED BLOCK FOUNDATIONS  DYNAMIC RESPONSE

Q(t)
• Soil resistances mobilised both below the base and sides of
the footing
D
• Additional soil resistances may effect the dynamic response
significantly B

Vertical test

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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

MASS-SPRING DASHPOT MODEL  VERTICAL VIBRATION OF

EMBEDDED FOOTING
• Equation of motion Q(t) Q0eit

mz  k ze z  Q0 eit

k ze Foundation
nze 
m h (a  b  h) D
Q0
Aze(max) 
2

m nze 2  a

k ze  CuD A  2C av  bD  aD 
kze  equivalent spring stiffness of the embedded foundation D  Embedment depth
CuD  coefficient of elastic uniform compression at the base of foundation b  Width of base of foundation
C av  average value of coefficient of elastic uniform shear  (C + CD)/2 a  Length of base of foundation
C  coefficient of elastic uniform shear at the ground surface
C D  coefficient of elastic uniform shear at the base of foundation

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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

MASS-SPRING DASHPOT MODEL  SLIDING VIBRATION OF

EMBEDDED FOOTING
• Equation of motion
mx  k xe x  Q0 eit

k Q(t) Q0eit
nxe  xe
m h Foundation D
(a  b  h)
Q0
Axe (max) 
2
m nxe  2  a

k xe  C D A  Cuav bD  2C av aD
kxe  equivalent spring stiffness of the embedded foundation
Cuav  average value of coefficient of elastic uniform compression  (Cu + CuD)/2
Cu  coefficient of elastic uniform compression at the ground surface

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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

MASS-SPRING DASHPOT MODEL  ROCKING VIBRATION OF

EMBEDDED FOOTING
• Equation of motion
M m  k e  M 0 eit
M(t) M0eit
k e
n e 
M m0 h Foundation D
(a  b  h)
M0
A e(max) 

M m 0 n2   2  a

C av b 3 2 Dba 2
k e  C D I  WL  (16 D  12hD )  2C av I 0  C av
24 2
ke  equivalent spring stiffness of the embedded foundation I  ba3/12
Cav  average value of coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression  (C + CD)/2 I0  ad3/12
CD  coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression at the base level of foundation
C  coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression at the ground surface
L  height of the combined cg of machine and foundation from the center of the base
W  weight of the foundation

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MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

MASS-SPRING DASHPOT MODEL  COUPLED SLIDING AND

ROCKING VIBRATION OF EMBEDDED FOOTING
• Equation of motions
mx  k xx x  k x   F0 eit
M(t) M0eit
M m  k   k x x  M 0eit
Q(t) Q0eit
h Foundation D
k xx  C D A  2Cuav bD  2C av aD (a  b  h)

 
k x  C av b D 2  2 DL  C D AL
a
a2 2
k  C D I  C D AL2  WL  2C av I y  C av bD 
 C av  L3  D  L3 
2 3  
 D D 
k x   C D AL  2Cuav bD  L    2C av aD  L   
  3  3 
Cav  average value of coefficient of elastic non-uniform shear
Da 3 aDb 2
Iy  moment of inertia a  D lying in the plane of vibration about the axis of rotation  
12 4

14
MACHINE FOUNDATION
CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

MASS-SPRING DASHPOT MODEL  COUPLED SLIDING AND

ROCKING VIBRATION OF EMBEDDED FOOTING
• Natural frequency
4 2
mM mne   mk  M m k xx  ne   k k xx  k x k x   0
M(t) M0eit
• Amplitude when Q(t) acting Q(t) Q0eit
h Foundation
Ax1 
 k  M m 2
Q (a  b  h)
D
 k xx  m 2  k  M m 2   k x k x 0
 k x
a
A1  Q
 k xx  m 2  k  M m 2   k x k x 0
• Amplitude when M(t) acting • Amplitude when Q(t) and M(t) acting
 k x
Ax 2  M
 k xx  m 2  k  M m 2   k x k x 0 Ax  Ax1  Ax 2
A 2 
 k xx  m 2 
M A  A1  A 2
 k xx  m 2  k  M m 2   k x k x 0
15
MACHINE FOUNDATION
 CE 451A: Application of Geotechnical Engineering

THANK YOU

Instructor: Bipin Gupta, Contact: Motwani Building – Room no: MB-608, email: bkgupta@iitk.ac.in, Phone no: 0512-259-2143 (O)
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