POWER

GENERATION,
TRANSMISSION Power Transmission

AND
DISTRIBUTION
 TRANSMISSION LINE
CONSTANTS

Monday, May 20, 2024 Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Naeem 2

Resistance
• DC resistance
𝜌𝑙
𝑅𝑑𝑐 = Ω
𝐴
• Units?

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Inductance and Inductive Reactance
Single-Phase Overhead Lines

𝐷𝑚
𝐿 = 2 × 10−7 ln H/m
𝐷𝑠

𝐷𝑚
𝑋𝐿 = 0.1213ln Ω/mi
𝐷𝑠

Monday, May 20, 2024 Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Naeem 4

Inductance and Inductive Reactance
Three-Phase Overhead Lines

• Spacing between the conductors of three phase transmission lines are not equal
• Equivalent spacing
𝐷𝑒𝑞 ≜ 𝐷𝑚 = (𝐷𝑎𝑏 × 𝐷𝑏𝑐 × 𝐷𝑐𝑎 )1/3
• Transposing transmission lines

Monday, May 20, 2024 Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Naeem 5

Inductance and Inductive Reactance
Three-Phase Overhead Lines

• Average inductance per phase

−7
𝐷𝑒𝑞
𝐿𝑎 = 2 × 10 ln H/m
𝐷𝑠
• Or
𝐷𝑒𝑞
𝐿𝑎 = 0.7411 log10 mH/mi
𝐷𝑠
• Inductive reactance is
𝐷𝑒𝑞
𝑋𝐿 = 0.1213ln Ω/mi
𝐷𝑠
• Or
𝐷𝑒𝑞
𝑋𝐿 = 0.2794 log10 Ω/mi
𝐷𝑠
Monday, May 20, 2024 Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Naeem 6
Capacitance and Capacitive Reactance
Single-Phase Overhead Lines

• Capacitance between the conductors

0.0388
𝐶𝑎𝑏 = μ𝐹/mi
𝐷
2 log10 ( )
𝑟
• Or
0.0894
𝐶𝑎𝑏 = μ𝐹/mi
𝐷
2 𝑙𝑛( )
𝑟
• Or
0.0241
𝐶𝑎𝑏 = μ𝐹/km
𝐷
2 log10 ( )
𝑟

Monday, May 20, 2024 Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Naeem 7

Capacitance and Capacitive Reactance
Single-Phase Overhead Lines

• Capacitance between the conductor and neutral

0.0388
𝐶𝑁 = 𝐶𝑎𝑁 = 𝐶𝑏𝑁 = μ𝐹/mi
𝐷
log10 ( )
𝑟
• Line-to-neutral susceptance is
14.6272
𝑏𝑐 = m𝑆/mi
𝐷
log10 ( )
𝑟

Monday, May 20, 2024 Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Naeem 8

Capacitance and Capacitive Reactance
Three-Phase Overhead Lines

• Capacitance between the conductor and neutral

0.0388
𝐶𝑁 = μ𝐹/mi
𝐷𝑒𝑞
log10 ( )
𝑟
• Equivalent spacing

Monday, May 20, 2024 Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Naeem 9

Tables of Line Constants
• Provide the line constants directly without using equations
• Suggested by W. A. Lewis
• For 60 Hz,
𝐷𝑚
𝑋𝐿 = 0.1213ln Ω/mi
𝐷𝑠
• Can be broken down to
1
𝑋𝐿 = 0.1213ln + 0.1213 ln 𝐷𝑚 Ω/mi
𝐷𝑠
𝑋𝐿 = 𝑥𝑎 + 𝑥𝑑 Ω/mi

Monday, May 20, 2024 Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Naeem 10

Tables of Line Constants
• Similarly for capacitance
• For 60 Hz,
𝐷𝑚
𝑥𝑐 = 0.06836 log10 MΩ × mi
𝑟
• Can be broken down to
1
𝑥𝑐 = 0.06836 log10 + 0.06836 log10 𝐷𝑚 MΩ × mi
𝑟′
𝑥𝑐 = 𝑥𝑎 + 𝑥𝑑′ MΩ × mi

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Example
• A three-phase, 60 Hz, transposed line has conductors that are made up of 4/0, 7-strand copper.
At the pole top, the distances between conductors, center to center, are given as 6.8, 5.5 and 4
ft. The diameter of the conductor copper used is 0.1739 in. Determine the inductive reactances
per mile per phase
a. By using equations
b. By using tables

Monday, May 20, 2024 Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Naeem 12

Example
• Consider the pole-top configuration given in previous example. If the line length is 100 mi,
determine the shunt capacitive reactance by using the following:
a. By using equations
b. By using tables

Monday, May 20, 2024 Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Naeem 13

Example
• A three-phase 60 Hz, 100 mi long transposed line has conductors that are made up of 900 kcmil ACSR
conductors, operating at 50 degree Celsius. At a horizontal pole top, the distances between conductors
center to center, are given as 25, 25 and 50 ft. Determine the following:
a. The resistance of the line per mile
b. Self-inductive reactance of the conductor per mile
c. Inductive reactance spacing factor per mile
d. Inductive reactances per mile per phase (both methods)
e. Total inductive reactance of the line
f. Capacitive reactance spacing factor
g. Self-capacitive reactance
h. Capacitive reactance in ohms mile
i. Total capacitive reactance of the line
j. Total line impedance
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Reference
Electric Power Transmission System Engineering
Turan Gonen
Third Edition

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