ADVANCED MATHEMATICS PROBLEM SOLVERS’ SERIES EXAMS (AMPSSE)

FORM SIX - SERIES 01

142/02 ADVANCED MATHEMATICS O2

MARKING GUIDE
Series 1: September 2021/2022

Page 1 of 22
1. (a) (i) In how many ways can the letters of the word BANYAMULENGE be
arranged?
Solution
n  12, r1  for A  2, r2  for N   2, r3  for E   2
Other letters are single 1! 1
n! 12!
 No    59875200 Ways (02 marks)
r1!r2 !r3! 2!2!2!
(ii) If the random variable x follows a binomial distribution such that Ex   2.4
and p  0.3 , find the standard deviation.
Solution
We have E X   2.4, p  0.3
E X   np  2.4  0.3n, n  8
Also,   npq  8  0.3  1  0.3  1.289 (02 marks)

(b) For a certain type of computer, the length of time between charges of the battery
is normally distributed with a mean of 50 hours and a standard deviation of 15
hours. Peter owns one of these computers and wants to know the probability that
the length of time will be between 50 and 70 hours. Calculate the probability that
Peter is expected to get.
Solution
We have,   50,   15
X   X  50
From z  
 15
P50  X  70
 50  50 70  50   4
P z   P 0  z   (02 marks)
 15 15   3

(01 mark)

 4
 P 0  z    0.4088 (02 marks)
 3
(c) (i) A continuous random variable x has a probability density function given by
ax  bx 2 , 0 x2
f x   
0, elsewhere

Page 2 of 22
 Observation on x indicates that the expected value of x is 1. Find the values
of a and b
Solution
x2 x2

From,  f x dx  1 and E  X    xf x dx

x1 x1

 
2
E  X    x ax  bx 2 dx  1
0
2
 ax 3 bx 4 
 
2

0     3  4  1
2 3
ax bx dx 1 (02 marks)
 0
8a 12b  3 1
Also,
2
 ax 2 bx 3 
 
2

0     2  3  1
2
ax bx dx 1
 0
6a  8b  1 2
Solve simultaneously (1) and (2), we get
a  1.5, b  0.75 (02 marks)

(ii) A problem of probability is given to three students A, B and C whose

1 3 1
chances of solving it are , and respectively. What is the probability
2 4 4
that the problem will be solved?

Solution
We have, P A  , PB   , PC  
1 3 1
2 4 4
Required P A  B  C   1  P A  B  C 
1  PA  B  C 
 1  PA  PB  PC  (01 mark)
 1   3   1  29
 1  1     1     1    (01 mark)
 2   4   4  32

2. (a) Use the truth table to test the validity of the following argument.
“On my daughter’s birthday, I bring her flowers. Either it is my daughter’s
birthday or I work late. I did not bring my daughter flowers today. Therefore,
today I worked late”.

Solution
Let p  my daughter’s birthday, q  I bring her flowers, r  I work late
Its compound statement is
 p  q   p  r  ~ q  r (01 mark)

Page 3 of 22
 Let A   p  q    p  r  ~ q, B   p  q    p  r  ~ q  r
p q r ~ q p q pr A B
T T T F T T F T
T T F F T T F T
T F T T F T F T
T F F T F T F T
F T T F T T F T
F T F F T F F T
F F T T T T T T
F F F T T F F T
(03 marks)
Since the last column gives all the truth values T’s shows that the argument is
tautology, hence the argument is valid. (01 mark)

(b) Use laws of algebra of propositions to determine whether the proposition

 p ~ q  q  r   p  r is or is not a tautology.
Solution
 p ~ q  q  r   p  r Given
~ ~ p ~ q   q  r   p r Conditional law
~  p  ~ p ~ q   q  r   r
1
Commutative law (002 marks)
~  p ~ p    p ~ q   q  r  r Distributive law
~ F   p ~ q   q  r  r
1
Negation law (002 marks)
~  p ~ q   q  r  r Identity law
~  p ~ q   q    p ~ q  r  r Distributive law
1
(002 marks)
~  p  ~ q  q    p ~ q  r  r Associative law
~  p  F    p ~ q  r  r
1
Negation law (002 marks)
~ F   p ~ q  r  r Identity law
~  p ~ q  r   r
1
Identity law (002 marks)
~ p  q ~ r  r De Morgan’s law
~ p  q  ~ r  r  Associative law
1
(002 marks)
~ p  q  T Negation law
T Identity law (01 mark)
 p ~ q   q  r   p  r  T
Since, in simplified from the proposition is equivalent to True,
the proposition is a tautology.

Page 4 of 22
 (c) (i) Below is a truth table for the compound statement A.
b c d Ab, c, d 
T T T T
T T F F
T F T T
T F F F
F T T F
F T F F
F F T F
F F F F
Write down the compound statement A and draw a more simplified
electrical network corresponding to the statement A.
Solution
The compound statement A
From the truth table
A  b  c  d   b ~ c  d  (01 mark)
 b  d  c    p  d  ~ c  Commutative law
 b  d   c ~ c 
1
Distributive law (002 marks)
 b  d   T Negation law
1
bd Identity law (002 marks)
Its network as follows
(02 marks)

(ii) Write the statement from electrical network below;

Solution
From the electrical network
The statement is  p  q   q  q  p  r   p  r  ~ q (02 marks)

3. (a) The position vectors of the points A, B and C are 2,4,3, 6,3,4 and 7,5,5
respectively, Find the angle between AB and BC and hence find the area of
triangle ABC.
Solution
 2  6   7 
        
We have, a   4 , b   3  and c   5 
 3   4   5
     

Page 5 of 22
 From, AB  BC  AB BC sin 

Where  is the angle between AB and BC

 6   2  4 
        1
AB  b  a   3    4     1  (002 marks)
  4  3   7
     
 7   6  1
        1
BC  c  b   5    3    2  (002 marks)
  5    4    1
     
i j k
1
AB  BC  4  1  7  15i  3 j  9k (00 marks)
2
1 2 1

AB  BC  152   32  92  315

1
(002 marks)

Also, AB  4 2   1   7   66
2 2 1
(002 marks)

BC  12  2 2   1  6
2 1
(002 marks)

Hence, 315   6  66 sin 

315  315 
sin      sin 1    63.110
 (01 mark)
66  6  66  6 

Then the area of triangle 

1
2
AB  BC 
1
2
 
315 Square units (01 mark)

(b) If a vector makes angles  ,  ,  with OX , OY and OZ respectively, prove that

cos2   cos2   cos2   1.
Solution

Let the vector r  xi  yj  zk

r  x2  y2  z2
From,
x2
1
x 1
cos    cos 2    2 (002 marks)
r r
y2
2
y 1
cos     cos 2    2 (002 marks)
r r
z2
3
z 1
cos     cos 2    2 (002 marks)
r r
On adding (1), (2) and (3), we get
x2 y2 z 2 x2  y2  z 2 1
cos 2   cos 2   cos 2    2   2   2  2 (002 marks)
r r r r

Page 6 of 22
 x2  y2  z 2
cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1
x2  y2  z 2
cos2   cos2   cos2   1 (01 mark)

(c) (i) Find the work done on moving a particle from 2,2,3 to 1,0,3 in the
direction of vector 3i  6 j  2k when the applied force is 7i  4 j  4k N.
Solution
f m  7i  4 j  4k  9 N

Let a  3i  6 j  2k
  3i  6 j  2k 
Force applied, F  f m    9 
a
(01mark)
a  32   62  2 2 
 

F  3i  6 j  2k 
9
7
d  1,0,3  2,2,3  1,2,6 (01 mark)
 3    1
9    9
Work done  F  d    6    2    3  
27
7    7 7
 2  6
27
Work done  Joules (01 mark)
7
(ii) If the velocity of a body at time t is given by V  3t 2i  2tj  4k , find the
expression for the acceleration a and displacement s of the body at time t
given that t  1, s  3i  j  2k.
Solution
We have, V  3t 2i  2tj  4k and s  3i  j  2k given t  1
dV 1
a  6ti  2 j (002 marks)
dt
1
 a  6ti  2 j (002 marks)
ds
V  3t 2i  2tj  4k
dt

ds  3t 2i  2tj  4k dt  1
(002 marks)

 ds   3t 
i  2tj  4k dt
2

s  t 3i  t 2 j  4tk  c (01 mark)

But s  3i  j  2k at t  1
3i  j  2k  i  j  4k  c
1
c  2i  2 j  2k (002 marks)
s  t 3i  t 2 j  4tk  2i  2 j  2k
   
 s  t 3  2 i  t 2  2 j  4t  2 k (01 mark)

Page 7 of 22
4. (a) (i) Given that one of the roots of the equation z 4  6 z 3  23z 2  34z  26  0 is
1  i. Find the product of the other roots.
Solution
If z  1  i, then z 1  i
z  1  i z  1  i   z 2  2z  2 1
(002 marks)
z 2  4 z  13
z 4  6 z 3  23z 2  34 z  26
z  2z  2  4
2

z  2z 3  2z 2

 4 z 3  21z 2  34 z
 (01 mark)
 4 z 3  8z 2  8z
13z 2  26 z  26

13z 2  26 z  26
  

 z  1  i z  1  i  z 2  4 z  13  0 
1
z  1  i or z  2  3i or z  2  3i (002 marks)
The product of the other roots is
1  i 2  3i 2  3i   13 13i. (01 mark)

(ii) Solve the equation x3  3  3i  0 (express your answer in exponential form)

Solution
We have, x 3  3  3i
x  3  3i 3
1


  arg3  3i   tan 1  1  
1
(002 marks)
4
1
r  3  3i  18 (002 marks)
From,
  2k     2k   
1
1
xk 1  r n cos   i sin   (002 marks)
  n   n 
In exponential form
1  2k  
 i
xk 1  r e n  n 

  
 2k  
 4 i
 8k  

 18  e  18  e
1  3  1
   
xk 1  3  
 3  12 
for k  0,1,2 (01 mark)

x   18  e
1 
 i 1
12
1
3 (002 marks)

x   18  e
1 7
i 1
12
2
3 (002 marks)

x   18  e
1 15
i 1
12
3
3 (002 marks)

Page 8 of 22
(b) Point P represents the complex number z  x  yi on the Argand diagram.
 z i 
Describe the locus of P if arg  .
 z i 4
Solution
 z i  
arg   argz  i   argz  i  
 z i  4 4
Let z  x  yi

argx   y  1i   argx   y  1i  
1
(002 marks)
4
 y 1 1  y  1  
tan 1    tan  
 x   x  4
Multiply by tangent throughout, we get
y 1  y 1 
 
x  x   1  2x  x 2  y 2 1 1
(002 marks)
 y  1  y  1 
1   
 x  x 
x 2  y 2  2 x  1  0  x  1  y 2  1  1  0
2

  x  1  y 2 
2
 2 2
(01 mark)
The locus is a circle with Centre 1,0 and radius of 2
On an Argand diagram
Fixed point are A0,1 and B0,1

with Centre 1,0 and radius of 2;  (01 mark)
4

(01 mark)

Page 9 of 22
 1
(c) If n is an integer and z  cos  i sin  , show that 2 cos n  z n  , and that
zn
1
2i sin n  z n  . Use the results to establish the formula
zn
5 1 5
sin 5    sin 3  sin 5  sin  .
16 16 8

Solution
From, z  cos  i sin 
Also, from Dermoives theorem
z n  cos   i sin    cos n  i sin n 1
n

z  n  cos   i sin    cos n   i sin  n 

n 1
(002 marks)
z  n  cos   i sin    cos n  i sin n 2 
n 1
(002 marks)
On adding (1) and (2), we get
1 1
z n  z n  2 cos n  2 cos n  z n  (002 marks)
zn
On subtracting (1) and (2), we get
1 1
z n  z n  2i sin n  2i sin n  z n  (002 marks)
zn
n
 1
From, 2i  sin    z  
n n

 x
5

2i 5 sin 5    z  1 
 x
2 3 4 5
 1  1  1  1  1 1
 z  5 z     10 z 3     10 z 2     5 z      
5 4
(002 marks)
 z  z  z  z  z
 1  1  1
  z 5  5   5 z 3  3   10 z  
 z   z   z
 2i sin 5  52i sin 3   102i sin  
1
32i sin 5   2i sin 5 10i sin 3  20i sin  (002 marks)
32 sin 5   2 sin 5 10 sin 3  20 sin 
Dividing by 32 throughout, we get
1 5 5
 sin 5   sin 5  sin 3  sin  (01 mark)
16 16 8

5. (a) Solve for x in the range 00 and 3600 if 2 cos2 x  2 sin x cos x  2 sin 2 x  1.
Solution
We have, 2 cos2 x  2 sin x cos x  2 sin 2 x  1
Dividing by cos2 x throughout, we get
2  2 tan x  2 tan2 x  sec2 x (01 mark)
2  2 tan x  2 tan x  1  tan x
2 2

1
tan 2 x  2 tan x  1  0 (002 marks)

Page 10 of 22
 1
tan x  1  x  1800 n  450 for n  0,1,2,3,... (002 marks)
x  450 , 2250 (01 mark)

1  cos 2 A  sin 2 A
(b) Prove that  tan A.
1  cos 2 A  sin 2 A
Solution
1  cos 2 A  sin 2 A 2 sin 2 A  2 sin cos A 1
L.H .S   (012 marks)
1  cos 2 A  sin 2 A 2 cos 2 A  2 sin A cos A
2 sin Asin A  cos A 1
L.H .S   tan A (012 marks)
2 cos Acos A  sin A
 L.H .S  R.H .S

(c) Find the maximum and minimum value of 2 sin   5 cos and the corresponding
values of  between 00 and 3600 .
Solution
We have, 2 sin   5 cos
Let 2 sin   5 cos  r sin    
2 sin   5 cos  r sin  cos  r cos sin  (01 mark)
By comparing
2 sin   r sin  cos  cos  1
2 1
(002 marks)
r
2
5 1
5 cos  r cos sin   sin   (002 marks)
r
From, cos   sin   1
2 2

1
r 2  4  25  r  29 (002 marks)
5 5 1
tan     tan 1    68.2 0 (002 marks)
2 2

 2 sin   5 cos   29 sin   68 .2 0 
Therefore,
1
The maximum value is 29 (002 marks)

Also,
sin   68 .2 0   1   68 .2 0  180 0 n   1 sin 1 1
n

  180 0 n   1n 90 0  68 .2 0 for n  0,1 n z

At maximum value,   158.20 (01mark)

For minimum value

 
sin   68.20  1
1
The minimum value is  29 (002 marks)

Also,

Page 11 of 22
  
sin   68 .2 0  1   68 .2 0  180 0 n   1 sin 1  1
n

sin   68 .2   1   68 .2  180 0 n   1 sin 1 1

0 0 n

  180 0 n   1n 90 0  68 .2 0 for n  0,1,2 n z

At minimum value,   338.20 (01mark)

 1  1  1  1  2 
(d) Solve the equation: tan 1    tan    tan  2 .
 1  2x   4x  1  x 
Solution
We have,
 1  1  1  1  2 
tan 1    tan    tan  2 .
 1  2x   4x  1  x 
Multiply by tangent throughout, we get
 1   1 
  
 1 2x   4x 1   2 (01 mark)
 1  1  x 2
1   
 1  2 x  4 x  1 
4 x  1  1  2 x   2  6 x  2  2 (01 mark)
1  2 x 4 x  1  1 x 2 8 x 2  6 x x 2
 
2 8x 2  6 x  x 2 6 x  2
3x  7 x  6 x  0
3 2

2
 x  0,3, (01 mark)
3
(e) If A , B and C are angles of a triangle, prove that
A B C
sin A  sin B  sin C  4 cos cos cos .
2 2 2
Solution
L.H .S  sin A  sin B  sin C
A  B  C  1800
 A B   A B  C C
 2 sin   cos   2 sin cos (01 mark)
 2   2  2 2
A B C C  A B 
  900   900   
2 2 2  2 

 A B   A B   0  A  B   0  A  B 
 2 sin   cos   2 sin 90    cos90   
 2   2    2    2  (01 mark)

 A B   A B   A B   A B 
 2 sin   cos   2 cos  sin  
 2   2   2   2 
 A  B   A  B   A  B 
 2 sin  cos   cos  (01 mark)
 2   2   2 

Page 12 of 22
    A  B   A  B     A  B   A  B  
       
 A  B    2   2     2   2  
 2 sin  2 cos 
cos
 2  2   2
   
     (01mark)

 C  A  B 
 2 sin  900  2 cos cos  
 2  2  2 
A B C
 4 cos cos cos (01 mark)
2 2 2
 L.H .S  R.H .S

1  x 1 1 1 1
6. (a) If x  1 prove that: log e     3  5   then use the result to
2  x  1  x 3x 5 x
calculate log e 2 to three decimal places.
Solution
We have,
1  x 1 1 1 1
log e     3  5 
2  x  1  x 3x 5 x
1  x 1 1  x 1
L.H .S  log e    ln  
2  x 1  2  x 1 
L.H .S  ln x  1  ln x  1
1
2
1  1  1  1
 ln x1    ln x1   (002 marks)
2  x  x 
1  1  1 
 ln x  ln 1    ln x  ln 1  
2  x  x 
1  1  1  1
 ln 1    ln 1   (002 marks)
2  x  x 
 1
2
1
3
1
4
 1   
5
 1
2
 1
3
 1
4
 1  
5

                 
1  1  x   x  x  x   1  x  x  x x  
             
2 x 2 3 4 5 x 2 3 4 5 
   
  
 



(01 mark)
1  1 1 1 1 1   1 1 1 1 1 
   2  3  4  5       2  3  4  5   (01 mark)
2  x 2 x 3x 4 x 5x   x 2 x 3x 4 x 5 x 
12 2 2  1 1 1
   3  5     3  5   (01 mark)
2  x 3x 5 x  x 3x 5 x
 L.H .S  R.H .S

Then required the value of log e 2

Putting x  3 , we have

Page 13 of 22
  4 1 1 1 
log e    2    
 2   3 3 3 5  3 
3 5

log e 2  20.3333  0.0124  0.0008    0.693... (01 mark)

(b) Given that  and  are the roots of the equation x 2  bx  c  0 ;

  
(i) Show that  2  1  2  1  c  1  b 2 ,
2

Solution
1
b 1
   b (002 marks)
a
2
c 1
   c (002 marks)
a
  
L.H .S   2  1  2  1   2  2   2   2  1
 c       2  1
2 2

 c 2  b 2  2c  1
 c 2  2c  1  b 2  c  1  b 2
2
(01 mark)
L.H .S  R.H .S

(ii) Find, in terms of b and c , a quadratic equation whose roots are and
 1
2


 1
2

Solution
   2  1    2  1

 
 2 1  2 1  2  1 2  1 (01 mark)

   2     2  
 
 2 1  2 1  2  1 2  1
           
 2 
 1  1
2
 2  1 2  1 (01 mark)

  bc  b bc  1
 2  
  1   1 c  1  b
2 2 2
c  12  b 2
Also,
      b
 2  2   2 

   1    1    1   1 c  1  b 2
2 2
  (01 mark)

Its quadratic equation is

 bc  1  b
x2   2
x 0 (01 mark)
 c  1  b  c  12  b 2
2

(c) Solve the following simultaneous equations

2 x  y  z  5, x  2 y  z  4, and 9 y  3x  6 z  7 by determinant method.

Solution
Write in matrix form

Page 14 of 22
  2 1  1 x   5 
    
 1 2 1  y    4 
 3 9 6  z   7 
    

Determine  , x , y and z

2 1 1
  1 2 1  212  9  16  3  19  6  0 (01 mark)
3 9 6

Since,   0 then 0 x  1 , 0 y   2 , 0 z   3 (02 marks)

And these have no solution unless

n
 1  3 2n  3 n
 1 
(d) Show that   2    and hence evaluate lim   2 
r 1  r  2r  4 nn  1n  2 n
r 1  r  2r 
Solution
n
1 1
Let 
r r  2 r 1 r r  2
1
Resolve into partial fractions
r r  2 
1 A B 1
Let   (002 marks)
r r  2 r r  2
1  Ar  2  Br
1 1
A , B (01 mark)
2 2
1 1 1 1
  (002 marks)
r r  2 2r 2r  2
n
1 n
 1 1 
 
1
    (002 marks)
r 1 r r  2  r 1  2r 2r  2 
1 1 1 1
If S    
1 3 2  4 3  5 nn  2

n
 1 1 
S    
1
 (00 marks)
r 1  2r 2r  2  2

For r  1,2,3,..., n  3, n  2, n  1, n
1 1
 
2 23
1 1
 
22 24
1 1
 
23 25
 

Page 15 of 22
 1 1
 
2n  3 2n  1
1 1
 
2n  2  2n
1 1
 
2n  1 2n  1
1 1
  (01 mark)
2n 2n  2 
Up on summation, we get
1 1 1 1
   
2 22 2n  1 2n  2
3  1 1 
    
4  2n  1 2n  2 
3 2n  3
 
4 2n  1n  2
3 2n  3
S  
4 2n  1n  2

1 3 2n  3
Hence,  r r  2  4  2n 2  6n  4 (01 mark)
r 1

Dividing by n 2 throughout, we get

2 3
  2
1 3

r 1 r r  2 
 
4
n n
1 4
as n  
2  6   2
n n

1 3

r 1 r r  2 
 .
4
(01 mark)

7. (a) Form the differential equation of the family of circles in the first quadrant which
touch the coordinate axes.
Solution

The equation of a circle

Its equation of a circle
x  a 2   y  a 2  a 2 1
1
(002 marks)
Now form the differential equation from (1)
2x  a   2 y  a   0
dy 1
(002 marks)
dx

Page 16 of 22
 dy dy
2 x  2a  2 y  2a  0
dx dx
dy
x y
a dx into (1), we get (01 mark)
dy
1
dx
dy x  yP
Let P   a
dx 1 P
2 2
  x  yP     x  yP    x  yP 
2
 x    
   y     
 1  p   1 P  (01 mark)

  1  p      
 x1  P   x  yP   y 1  P   x  yP   x  yP 
2 2 2

     
 1 P   1 P   1 P 
 x  y P   y  x   x  yP 
2 2 2

      (01 mark)
 1 P   1 P   1 P 
Multiplying by 1  P  both sides, we get
2

x  y 2 P 2   y  x 2  x  yP 2
2

x  y   dy    y  x 2   x  y dy  

2
2
(01 mark)
 dx    dx  
This is the required differential equation.

dy
(b) (i) Find the particular solution of e dx  x  1 given when x  0, y  3.
Solution
dy

We have, e dx
 x  1 when x  0, y  3
dy
ln e  ln x  1
dx

 ln x  1  dy  ln x  1dx
dy 1
(002 marks)
dx
 dy   ln x  1dx
 1 
y  x ln x  1   
1
xdx (002 marks)
 x 1

y  x ln x  1  
x
dx
x 1
y  x ln x  1  
x  1  1dx
x 1
 1 
y  x ln x  1   1 
1
dx (002 marks)
 x 1
y  x lnx  1  x  lnx  1  c
When x  0, y  3 then c  3
y  x lnx  1  x  lnx  1  3
1
(002 marks)

Page 17 of 22
(ii) Solve the differential equation of 1  x 2 
dy
 y  tan1 x.
dx
Solution
We have, 1  x 2   dy
dx
 y  tan 1
x

dy  1  tan 1 x
 1
1
 y  (002 marks)
dx  1  x 2  1  x2
1 tan 1 x
Let P  , Q 
1 x2 1 x2
1
 2 dx
I .F  e 
Pdx 1
 I .F  e 1 x (002 marks)
1
I .F  e tan x
y  I .F   I .F  Q x dx
tan 1 x
  e tan  2
1 1 1
ye tan x x
 dx (002 marks)
1  x2
1
Let u  tan 1 x  du  dx
1 x2

dx  1 x 2 du 
u 1  x 2 du
ye tan x   e u 
1 1
(002 marks)
1 x2

  ue u du (Integration by part)
1
ye tan x

 ue u   e u du
1
ye tan x

1
ye tan x
 ue u  e u  c (01 mark)
 u  1e u  c
1
ye tan x

ye tan
1
x

 tan 1 x  1 e tan  1
x
c

 y  tan 1 x  1  ce  tan  1
x
(01 mark)

d 2 d
(c) Solve the differential equation 2
4  3  10 sin r  15 cos r.
dr dr

Solution
Write the A.Q.E
m2  4m  3  0
1
m1  1, m2  3 (002 marks)
From   Aer  Ber
1
1
 C . F  Ae r  Be 3r (002 marks)
Let  P.I  Asin r  B cos r

Page 18 of 22
 d 1
 A cos r  B sin r (002 marks)
dr
d 2 1
2
  A sin r  B cos r (002 marks)
dr
Differential equation becomes
 A sin r  B cos r   4 A cos r  B sin r   3 A sin r  B cos r   10 sin r  15 cos r
Comparing
 A  4 B  3 A  10
 B  4 A  3B  15
7
A  2, B  (01 mark)
2
7
 P.I  2 sin r  cos r
2
From,    C.F   P.I
7
  Ae r  Be3r  2 sin r  cos r. (01 mark)
2
(d) It is known that radioactive substances decay at a rate which is proportional to
the amount of the radioactive substance present. Write the differential equation.
Hence, for radium the half-life is about 1600 years.
(i) Solve the differential equation.
(ii) Find the decay constant.
(iii) Find the percentage of a given sample of radium which would still exist after
a lapse of 200 years in storage.
Solution
Let P to represent the amount present at time t.
The differential equation
1
dP dP
P   kP (01 mark)
dt dt
Where k is the decay constant
Solve (1)
Separating the variable gives
dP
 P    kdt
ln P  kt  c 2 (01 mark)
When t  0, P  P0 put in (2)
ln P0  k 0  c  c  ln P0 into (2)
3
1
ln P  kt  ln P0 (002 marks)
1
When t  1600, P  P0 put in (3), we get
2
1 P 
ln 0  k 1600  ln P0  ln  0   1600k
P
2  2 P0 
1 1
ln  1600k   ln 2  1600k (002 marks)
2

Page 19 of 22
 ln 2
k  (The decay constant)
1600
Substitute into (3), we get
ln 2
ln P   t  ln P0
1600
P ln 2 1
ln   t (002 marks)
P0 1600

Required percentage, when t  200

1
P 200  1
ln   ln 2  ln 2 8 (002 marks)
P0 1600
P   8 
1
  2  100%  91.7% (01 mark)
P0  

After 200 years, 91.7% of the original radioactive radium still exists.

x2 y 2
8. (a) (i) Show that the equation of the tangent at x1, y1  to the hyperbola  1
a 2 b2
xx1 yy1
is   1.
a 2 b2
Solution
x2 y2
We have, 2  2  1
a b
2 xdx 2 ydy
 2 0 (01 mark)
a2 b
dy b 2 x

dx a 2 y

, at x1 , y1 
dy b 2 x1
 (01 mark)
dx a 2 y1
Its equation of the tangent
dy y  y1 b2 x y  y1
  2 1 
dx x  x1 a y1 x  x1
b 2 xx1  b 2 x12  a 2 yy1  a 2 y12 (01 mark)
b 2 xx1  a 2 yy1  b 2 x12  a 2 y12
Dividing by a 2b 2 , we get
xx1 yy1 x12 y12
   (01 mark)
a2 b2 a2 b2
Since x1 , y1  is on the hyperbola
xx1 yy1
 1 (01 mark)
a2 b2

Page 20 of 22
(ii) Show that the point A2,4 lies on parabola y 2  8x and find the equation
of the normal to the parabola at the point A.
Solution
A2,4 lies on the parabola if it obeys the equation y 2  8x
Testing A2,4 in parabola at A2,4
 42  82  16  16
Its equation of the normal at point A2,4
 
d y2

d 8 x 

dy 8
  1 (01 mark)
dx dx dx 2 y
The slope of tangent, m1  1
Let m2 be the slope of the normal
From, m1m2  1  m2  1 (01 mark)
y  y0  m2 x  x0 
y 4  x2  y  x6 (01 mark)

(b) An Ellipse has its foci on the y-axis and its centre at the origin. The distance
between the foci is 6 and the major axis is of length 10. Find the
(i) eccentricity
(ii) cartesian equations of the directrices of this ellipse
Solution
(i) Distance between foci  2ae  6
2ae  6, then ae  3 (01 mark)
Length of the major axis 2a  10, then a  5
3
5e  3  e  (01 mark)
5

(ii) b 2  a 2 1  e 2 
  3 2 
b2  5 1      16
2
(01 mark)
 5 
 
2 2
y x y2 x2
From, 2  2  1   1
a b 25 16
Then directices
a 5 25
y    5    (01 mark)
e 3 3

(c) Define the coordinates of Px, y  in polar form and use it to write the following
equations in most simplified polar form  x  a    y  b   c 2 .
2 2

Solution
From, x  r cos , y  r sin  and x 2  y 2  r 2
x 2  2ax  a 2  y 2  2by  b 2  c 2 (01 mark)
r 2 cos2   2ar cos  a 2  r 2 sin 2   2br sin   b 2  c 2
r 2  2r a cos  b sin    a 2  b 2  c 2 (01 mark)

Page 21 of 22
(e) Sketch the curve whose polar equation is given by r  1  2 cos .
Solution

 00 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800

r 3 2.732 2 1 0  0.732 1

2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600

 0.732 0 1 2 2.742 3
(Table = 03 marks)

Its curve

(03 marks)

Page 22 of 22