ADVANCED MATHEMATICS PROBLEM SOLVERS’ SERIES EXAMS (AMPSSE)

FORM FIVE - SERIES 01 2021/2022

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS

MARKING GUIDE

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1. By using scientific calculator evaluate the following:
 tan 30  2 2.671  tan 1 ln 0.25
(a)   correct to 5 significant figures
4.13  3
e2 
Solution
= 4.4090 104 -----------------------------------------------> (03 marks)
3

 C x 0.6 0.4
9 x 9 x
(b) correct to two decimal places
x 1
Solution
=0.10-------------------------------------------------------------> (04 marks)

98.2  0.0076  cos64.5

1
(c) correct to 3 significant figures.

cos3  cot 1 2
4
Solution
=  155 ------------------------------------------------------------> (03 marks)

2. Use non-programmable scientific calculator to evaluate:

(a) the mean and standard deviation in one decimal place using data in the table below;
Scores 30.5  44 44.5  58 58.5  72 72.5  86 86.5  100
No of Students 9 12 8 10 6

Solution
x  62.8, S.D  18.7 ------------------------> (02.5 marks) @each part = (05 marks)


 x1  x dx  tan 

2
(b) 1132 correct to 2 significant figures.
0
Solution
= 1.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------> (05 marks)

3. (a) Use algebraic laws of sets to simplify A   A  B

Solution
A   A  B Given
 A      A  B Identity law (01 mark)
A    B
1
Distributive law (002marks)
1
A  Identity law (002marks)
A Identity law (01 mark)
 A   A  B  A

(b) Given that A  x  R;  3  x  4, B  x  R; 6 x  3  21  2 x.

Represent A  B on a number line and write the answer in set builder form.
Solution
We have,
A  x  R;  3  x  4, B  x  R; 6 x  3  21  2 x.
6 x  3  21  2 x
3x  24  x  3 (01 mark)

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 B  x  R; x  3

So, B  x  R; x  3

The shaded area is A  B

02 marks

A  B'  x : x  ; 3  x  4 (01 mark)

(c) Draw a Venn diagram and shade the area representing the set A  B  C '
Solution

03 marks

4. (a) Find the number of subsets of set A given

A  x  z; 2  x  6  x  z; x  3
Solution
A  3,4,5,6  4,5,6,7,... (01 mark)
A  4,5,6 (01 mark)

Number of subsets of set A

2 n  23  8 (02 marks)

(b) A group of 82 Students were surveyed and it was found that each of the Student
surveyed liked at least one of the following three fruits; oranges, bananas and
mangoes, 30 liked mangoes, 50 liked bananas, 39 liked oranges. 21 liked oranges and
bananas, 18 liked bananas and mangoes, 19 liked oranges and mangoes, 22 liked
exactly two of the mentioned fruits. Find how many Students liked
(i) Oranges but not bananas or mangoes
(ii) All the fruits
(iii) Oranges or bananas but not mangoes.

Solution
Let M  Mangoes, O  Orange, B  Banana

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 02 marks

19  x  21  x  18  x  22
58  3x  22  x  12 (01 mark)

(i) oranges but not B or M  11 Students (01 mark)

(ii) all the fruits  12 Students (01 mark)
(iii) 11  9  23  43 Students (01 mark)

5. (a) Given f x  a,3, b,2, c,1 and g x   a, b, b, c , c, a . Find f  g x 

Solution
fogx  a,2, b,1, c,3 (02 marks)

(b) If f x   3x  1 and g  x  
x 1
 , show that f and g are inverses to each other.
3 3
Solution
We have to show that
fogx  gof x
 x 1
L.H .S  f g x   f   
 3 3
 x 1
L.H .S  3    1  x  1  1  x (01 mark)
 3 3
R.H .S  g f x   g 3x 1
3x  1 1
R.H .S   x (01 mark)
3 3
 L.H .S  R.H .S

(c) If f  x   x 2  9 and g x   x  2 , sketch the graph of fogx  and state its domain
and range.
Solution
f x   x 2  9 , g x   x  2
fog x   x  22  9  x2  4x  5
 fog x   x 2  4 x  5 (01 mark)
x  intercept; y  0

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 x 2  4x  5  0
1
x  1, x  5 (002marks)
1
y  intercept x  0 ; Does not exist (002marks)

Table of values:
x 4  3  2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 5.2 4 2.6 0      0 2.6 4 5.2

Table (01 mark)

(02 marks)

Domain  x : x  ; except 1  x  5
1
(002marks)
Range  y : y  ; y  0
1
(00 marks)
2

1  2x
6. The function r is defined by r x   .
2x  3
(a) Find the domain of r (x)
Solution
Let r x   y
3
Let 2 x  3  0  x  
2
 3
Domain   x : x  ; except x    (01 mark)
 2

(b) Find the 𝑥 and 𝑦-intercepts for the graph of r (x)

Solution
 1 1
𝑦-intercept is  0,  (002 marks)
 3

1  1
𝑥-intercept is  ,0  (002 marks)
2 
(c) Write the equation of the vertical asymptote(s) for r (x)
Solution

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 3 1
Let 2 x  3  0  x   (002 marks)
2

3
The vertical asymptote is a line x   . (01 mark)
2
(d) Does the graph of r (x) have a horizontal asymptote? If so, what is its equation?
Solution
1
Yes, the graph has a horizontal asymptote (002marks)
a 2 1
In the form of y    1 (002marks)
b 2
1
The horizontal asymptote is a line y  1. (002marks)

(e) Does the graph of r (x) cross or touch the horizontal asymptote? If so, at what point?
Solution
1  2x
Let  1
2x  3
1
 1  2x  2x  3 (002marks)
𝑥 vanishes and this shows that the equation has no solution
1
Hence, the graph does not cross or touch the horizontal asymptote (002marks)

(f) Sketch the graph of r (x)

Solution
From the above information
Consider its graph below:

(01.5 marks) @each correct curve = (03 marks)

(g) Use the graph in 6(f) above to state the range of r (x)

Solution
Range  y  ; except y  1 (01 mark)

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7. (a) Using the laws of algebra of proposition simplify  p   p  q  q ~  p  q 
Solution
We have,
 p   p  q q ~  p  q
 p   p  q q ~  p  q Given
 p   p  q q  ~ p ~ q De-Morgan’s law 1
(002marks)
p  q  ~ p ~ q 
1
Absorption law (002marks)
p  q ~ p   q ~ q 
1
Distributive law (002marks)
p  q ~ p   F 
1
Negation law (002marks)
p  q ~ p  Identity law
 p  q    p ~ p  Distributive law
1
(002marks)
 p  q  T Negation law
1
pq Identity law (002marks)

(b) Let 𝑃 be the statement “You study hard”, 𝑄 be the statement “You get distracted” and
𝑅 be the statement “You can pass the exam”. Express the following compound
statement in symbolic form:
“If you study hard and do not get distracted, then you can pass the exam”

Solution
The compound statement is P ~ Q  R (02 marks)

(c) Construct the truth table of the contrapositive of the conditional statement
 p  q ~ q.
Solution
We have,
 p  q ~ q.
Contrapositive: q ~  p  q 
1
(012 marks)

p q pq ~  p  q q ~  p  q 
T T T F F
T F F T T
F T T F F
F F T F T
1 (01 mark) (02 marks)
(002marks)

8. (a) (i) Explain why series connected circuits are modelled by a conjunction.

Solution
Series connected circuits are modelled by a conjunction because, in series
connection, current will flow from 𝑇1 to 𝑇2 (current ON) only when both
switches are ON (T), otherwise current will not flow (current OFF). This is the

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 same as for a conjunction which is true (T) only when both statements are
true, and false (F) otherwise. . (01 mark)

(ii) Construct a network for P  Q  R

Solution

(02 marks)

(b) Re-write the following statements without using the conditional:

(i) If it is cold, he wears a hat

Solution
Let p  is cold, q  he wears a hat

Symbolically
1
p q  ~ pq (002marks)
1
It is not cold or he wears a hat (002marks)

(ii) Winners never quit

Solution
This statement is means “If you are a winner, then you will never quit”
Let p  you are a winner, q  you will never quit

Symbolically
1
p q  ~ pq (002marks)
1
Either you are not a winner or you will never quit (002marks)

(c) (i) What is an argument?

Solution
An Argument is a sequence of premises i.e p, q, r... together with its
Conclusion (01 mark)

(ii) Test the validity of the following argument using truth table.
“If water is boiled then it will be free of germs. If water is not free of germs,
then people will not be infected. Water is not boiled and is free of germs.
Therefore, people will not be infected”

(ii) let p  water is boiled,

q  water free from germs,
r  people will be infected

The statement is  p  q  ~ q ~ r   ~ p  q ~ r (01 mark)

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 Its truth table
Let a  p  q, b  ~ q ~ r, c  a  b. d ~ p  q

p q r ~p ~q ~r a b c d cd c  d ~ r
T T T F F F T T T F F T
T T F F F T T T T F F T
T F T F T F F F F F F T
T F F F T T F T F F F T
F T T T F F T T T T T F
F T F T F T T T T T T T
F F T T T F T F F F F T
F F F T T T T T T F F T
(02 marks)

The argument is not valid since it is not a tautology (01 mark)

9. (a) Find the value of k if the line 12x  5 y  k  0 is a tangent to the circle
x 2  y 2  6 x 10 y  9  0.
Solution
We have,
x 2  y 2  6 x 10 y  9  0.
For a line to be tangent to a circle r  d

Radius; r  g 2  f 2  c  32  5 2  9  5 (01 mark)

ax  by  c 12 x  5 y  k
at c3,5
1
d  (002marks)
a2  b2 122  52
123  55  k 61  k 1
d  (002marks)
122
5 2 13
61  k
 5  k  65  61  4 (01 mark)
13
Or any other method
For tangency; b 2  4ac

(b) Find the equation of the circle which intersect the circles x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0 and
x 2  y 2  4 x  4 y  3  0 orthogonally and its Centre lies on the line 3x  y  2  0.
Solution

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 Let the equation of a circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
If x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0 is orthogonal to
x 2  y 2  2 g1 x  2 f1 y  c  0
g1  1, f1  1, c  1
2 gg1  2 ff1  c  c1
2 g  2 f  c  1  2 g  2 f  c  1 1
1
(002marks)
If x 2  y 2  4 x  4 y  3  0 is orthogonal to
x 2  y 2  2 g1 x  2 f1 y  c  0
g1  2, f1  2, c  3
2 gg1  2 ff1  c  c1
4 g  4 f  c  3  4 g  4 f  c  3 2
1
(002marks)
The centre satisfies the equation 3x  y  2  0 ; centre  g , f 
3
1
 3g  f  2 (002marks)
Solve simultaneously (1), (2) and (3), we get
3 5 1 1
g   , f   , c 1 (002marks) @each correct answer = (012marks)
2 2

 3  5
x 2  y 2  2   x  2   y  1  0
 2  2
x  y  3x  5 y  1  0
2 2
(01 mark)

(c) Find the tangent of the acute angle between the pair of lines whose equation is
3x 2 10xy  7 y 2  0.
Solution
We have, 3x 2  10xy  7 y 2  0
The factors
3x  7 y x  y   0 1
(002marks)
Note; you can use general formula to find any of the variable taking the
equation as quadratic equation.
The lines are: 3x  7 y  0 and x  y  0
3
m1 : y  x and m2 : y  x
7
3
m1  , m2  1. (01 mark)
7
3
1
m  m1 7 2 1
From tan  2  (002marks)
1  m1m2 1  3 5
7
2
The tangent of acute angle: tan 
5
 
2
  tan 1    21.80 (01 mark)
5

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10.(a) In which ratio is the line joining points 1,3 and 2,7 divided by the line 3x  y  9
Solution
Given two points

73
Slope of AB  4
2 1
Its equation is
y  mx  x0   y0
y  4x  1  3  y  4 x  1
1
(002marks)
Solve simultaneously
4x  y  1
3x  y  9
 x, y   1.4,4.7 
10 33
x  , y  (01 mark)
7 7
It is internal division
mx  nx1 my  ny1
From, x  2 , y 2
mn mn
10 2m  n 33 7m  3n 1
 ,  (002marks)
7 mn 7 mn
10m  10n  14m  7n  3n  4m
m 3
  m : n  3: 4 (01 mark)
n 4

(b) A circle which passes through the origin cuts off intercepts to length 4 and 6 units on
the positive axes respectively. Find the equation of the circle.
Solution
Let the equation of the circle be
x 2  y 2  ax  by  c  0
At point 0,0 

1
1
c0 (002marks)

At point 4,0

42  02  4a  0  c  0
2
1
4a  c  16 (002marks)

At point 0,6 

02  62  0  6b  c  0

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 3
1
6b  c  36 (002marks)

Solve simultaneously (1), (2) and (3), we get

1
a  4, b  6, c  0 (012marks)

Hence we obtain
x 2  y 2  4x  6 y  0 (01 mark)

(c) A point R moves in such a way that its distance from the point 5,3 is equal to twice
its distance from the line x  2 . Find the equation of the locus of R.
Solution
Consider the figure below

d1  x1  x2 2   y1  y2 2

d1  5  x 2  3  y 2  1 (01 mark)

ax  by  c
d2 
a2  b2
x2
d2   x2  2 (01 mark)
12  0
d1  2d 2
2
 5  x 2  3  y 2   2x  22
 
The locus is
3x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  18  0. (01 mark)

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