Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

Note:
2) The Paramaras of Malwa
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(a) 1, 2 and 5 only
#2: We have deliberately not included questions (b) 1, 3, 4 and 6 only
from the 2023 Prelims paper in this question bank.
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
Once you've covered all the questions (Level-1,
Level-2, and PYQs) and handouts for all subjects, (d) 5 and 6 only
please consider attempting the 2023 question
paper. 4. Consider the following pairs: [2021]
(Historical Place - Well-known for)

1) Burzahom - Rock-cut shrines

1. Consider the following pairs: [2022]
2) Chandra-ketugarh - Terracotta art
(King - Dynasty)
3) Ganeshwar - Copper artefacts
1) Nannuka - Chandela
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
2) Jayashakti - Paramara
matched?
3) Nagabhata II - Gurjara-Pratihara
(a) 1 only
4) Bhoja - Rashtrakuta (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
How many pairs given above are correctly
matched? (d) 2 and 3 only

(a) Only one pair

5. With reference to the history of ancient India,
(b) Only two pairs which of the following statements is/are correct?
(c) Only three pairs [2021]
(d) All four pairs
1) Mitakshara
9654469135was the civil law for upper castes and
Dayabhaga was the civil law for lower castes.
2. Which one of the following ancient towns is
well-known for its elaborate system of water
katya124905@gmail.com
2) In the Mitakshara system, the sons can claim
harvesting and management by building a series of
right to the property during the lifetime of the
dams and channelizing water into connected
father, whereas in the Dayabhaga system, it is only
reservoirs? [2021]
after the death of the father that the sons can claim
(a) Dholavira right to the property.
(b) Kalibangan
3) The Mitakshara system deals with the matters
(c) Rakhigarhi
related to the property held by male members only
(d) Ropar of a family, whereas the Dayabhaga system deals
with the matters related to the property held by
3. From the decline of Guptas until the rise of both male and female members of a family.
Harshavardhana in the early seventh century,
which of the following kingdoms were holding Select the correct answer using the code given
power in Northern India? [2021] below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
1) The Guptas of Magadha
oslo

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

(b) 2 only 9. Which of the following phrases defines the

(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 3 only
6. Who among the following rulers advised his
subjects through this inscription? [2020]
“Whosoever praises his religious sect or blames
other sects out of excessive devotion to his own
sect, with the view of glorifying his own sect, he
rather injures his own sect very severely.”
(a) Ashoka
(b) Samundragupta
(c) Harshavardhana
(d) Krishanadeva Raya
7. With reference to the scholars/literateurs of
ancient India, consider the following statements:
[2020]
9654469135
1) Panini is associated with Pushyamitra Shunga.
nature of the ‘Hundi’ generally referred to in the
sources of the post-Harsha period? [2020]
(a) An advisory issued by the king to his
subordinates
(b) A diary to be maintained for daily accounts
(c) A bill of exchange
(d) An order from the feudal lord to his
subordinates
10. With reference to the history of India, the
terms ‘kulyavapa’ and ‘dronavapa’ denote [2020]
(a) measurement of land
(b) coins of different monetary value
(c) classification of urban land
(d) religious rituals
11. With reference to the history of India, consider
the following pairs [2020]:
(Famous Place - Present State)

2) Amarasimha is associated with Harshavardhana. 1. Bhilsa - Madhya Pradesh

3) Kalidasa is associated with Chandra Gupta-II. 2. Dwarasamudra - Maharashtra

oslo
3. Girinagar - Gujarat
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? 4. Sthanesvara - Uttar Pradesh

(a) 1 and 2 only Which of the pairs given above are correctly
(b) 2 and 3 only matched?
(c) 3 only (a) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
8. Consider the following events in the history of
(d) 2 and 4 only
India: [2020]

1) Rise of Pratiharas under King Bhoja
2) Establishment of Pallava power under
Mahendravarman-I
3) Establishment of Chola power by Parantaka-I
4) Pala dynasty founded by Gopala
What is the correct chronological order of the
above events, starting from the earliest time?
(a) 2 – 1 – 4 – 3
(b) 3 – 1 – 4 – 2
(c) 2 – 4 – 1 – 3
(d) 3 – 4 – 1 – 2
12. With reference to the period of Gupta dynasty
in ancient India, the towns Ghantasala, Kadura and
Chaul were known as [2020]
(a) ports handling foreign trade
(b) capitals of powerful kingdoms
(c) places of exquisite stone art and architecture
(d) important Buddhist pilgrimage centres
13. With reference to the cultural history of India,
consider the following pairs: [2020]
1. Parivrajaka: Renunciant and Wanderer
2. Shramana: Priest with a high status
3. Upasaka: Lay follower of Buddhism

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

Which of the pairs given above are correctly

(a) 1 only
matched?
(b) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 18. Who of the following had first deciphered the
edicts of Emperor Ashoka? [2016]
14. Which one of the following is not a Harappan
(a) Georg Buhler
site? [2019]
(b) James Prinsep
(a) Chanhudaro
(c) Max Muller
(b) Kot Diji
(d) William Jones
(c) Sohgaura
(d) Desalpur 19. Which of the following
characterizes/characterize the people of Indus 9654469135
15. In which of the following relief sculpture civilization? [2013]
inscriptions is ‘Ranyo Ashoka’ (King Ashoka)
mentioned along with the stone portrait of 1) They possessed great palaces and temples.
Ashoka? [2019]
2) They worshipped both male and female deities.
(a) Kanganahalli
3) They employed horse-drawn chariots in warfare.
katya124905@gmail.co
(b) Sanchi
(c) Shahbazgarhi Select the correct statement/statements using the
(d) Sohgaura codes given below:
(b) 2 only
16. With reference to forced labour (Vishti) in (a) 1 and 2 only
India during the Gupta period, which one of the
(c) 1, 2 and 3
following statements is correct? [2019]
(d) None of the statements given above is correct
(a) It was considered a source of income for the
State, a sort of tax paid by the people.
20. The religion of early Vedic Aryans was
(b) It was totally absent in the Madhya Pradesh and primarily of [2012]
Kathiawar regions of the Gupta Empire.
(a) Bhakti
(c) The forced labourer was entitled to weekly
wages. (b) image worship and Yajnas
(d) The eldest son of the labourer was sent as the (c) worship of nature and Yajnas
oslo
forced labourer. (d) worship of nature and Bhakti

17. With reference to the difference between the
culture of Rigvedic Aryans and Indus Valley
people, which of the following statements is/are
correct? [2017] 1) Rigvedic Aryans used the coat of
mail and helmet in warfare whereas the people of
Indus Valley Civilisation did not leave any
evidence of using them.
2) Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper
whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper and
iron.
21. With reference to the guilds (Shreni) of ancient
India that played a very important role in the
country's economy, which of the following
statements is/are correct? [2012]
1) Every guild was registered with the central
authority of the State and the king was the chief
administrative authority on them.
2) The wages, rules of work, standards and prices
were fixed by the guild.

3) Rigvedic Aryans had domesticated the horse 3) The guild had judicial powers over its own
whereas there is no evidence of Indus Valley people members.
having been aware of this animal. Select the correct
answer using the code given below:

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

Select the correct answer using the codes given (b) The rulers of southern India always patronized
below: traders, brahmin priests and buddhist monks in this
context
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) Monsoon winds across the Bay of Bengal
(b) 3 only
facilitated sea voyages
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) Both (a) and (b) are convincing explanations in
(d) 1, 2 and 3 this context

22. Regarding the Indus Valley Civilization, 25. Why did Buddhism start declining in India in
consider the following statements: [2011] the early medieval times? [2010]

1) It was predominantly a secular civilization and 1) Buddha was by that time considered as one of the
the religious element, though present, did not incarnations of Vishnu and thus became a part of
dominate the scene. Vaishnavism.

2) During this period, cotton was used for 2) The invading tribes from Central Asia till the time
manufacturing textiles in India. of last Gupta king adopted Hinduism and
persecuted Buddhists.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? 3) The Kings of Gupta dynasty were strongly
9654469135
(a) 1 only opposed to Buddhism.
(b) 2 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
(c) Both 1 and 2 correct?
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only oslo
23. The "dharma" and "rita" depict a central idea of
ancient Vedic civilization of India. In this context, (c) 2 and 3 only
consider the following statements: [2011] (d) 1, 2 and 3

1) Dharma was a conception of obligations and of 26. The Allahabad Pillar inscription is associated
the discharge of one's duties to oneself and to with which one of the following? [2006]
others.
(a) Mahapadma Nanda
2) Rita was the fundamental moral law governing (b) Chandragupta Maurya
the functioning of the universe and all it contained. (c) Ashoka
(d) Samudragupta
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
27. Who among the following laid the foundation
(a) 1 only of Rashtrakuta Empire? [2006]
(b) 2 only
(a) Amostghavarshal
(c) Both 1 and 2
(b) Dantidurga
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Dhruva
(d) Krishna I
24. India maintained its early cultural contacts and
trade links with Southeast Asia across the Bay of
Bengal. For this pre-eminence of the early 28. When Raja Wodeyar founded the Kingdom of
maritime history of the Bay of Bengal, which of the Mysore, who was the ruler of the Vijaynagar
following could be the most convincing Empire? [2006]
explanation/explanations? [2011] (a) Sadasiva
(a) As compared to other countries, India had a (b) Tirumala
better ship-building technology in ancient and (c) Ranga II
medieval times
(d) Venkata II

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

(c) Both 1 and 2

29. Consider the following statements: [2006] (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1) The Ikshvaku rulers of Southern India were

34. Consider the following statements: [2004]
antagonistic towards Buddhism.
1) The Islamic Calendar is twelve days shorter than
2) The Pala Rulers of Eastern India were patrons of
the Gregorian Calendar.
Buddhism.
2) The Islamic Calendar began in AD 632.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
3) The Gregorian Calendar is a solar calendar.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
30. Between which of the following was the (c) 1 and 3
ancient town of Takshasila located? [2006] (d) 3 only
(a) Indus and Jhelum
(b) Jhelum and Chenab 35. Consider the following statements: [2003]
(c) Chenab and Ravi
1) The last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha was
(d) Ravi and Beas assassinated by his commander-in-chief,
Pushyamitra Sunga.
31. Who among the following was not a
contemporary of the other three? [2005] 2) The last Sunga king, Devabhuti was assassinated
by his Brahmana minister Vasudeva Kanva who
(a) Bimbisara
usurped the throne.
(b) Gautama Buddha
(c) Milinda 3) The last ruler of the Kanva dynasty was deposed
(d) Prasenjit by the Andhras.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

32. Which one of the following four Vedas
contains an account of magical charms and spells? (a) 1 and 2
[2004] (b) Only 2
(a) Rig-veda (c) Only 3
9654469135

(b) Yajur-veda (d) 1, 2 and 3

(c) Atharva-veda
katya124905@gmail.com

(d) Sama-veda 36. Match List I (Ancient site) with List II

(Archaeological finding) and select the correct
answer using the codes given below the lists:
33. Consider the following statements: [2004]
[2002]
1) The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien attended the fourth
List I (Ancient site)
Great Buddhist Council held by Kanishka.
A. Lothal
2) The Chinese pilgrim Hiuen-Tsang met Harsha
B. Kalibangan
and found him to be antagonistic to Buddhism.
C. Dholavira
Which of the statements given above is/are
D. Banawali
correct?
(a) 1 only List II (Archaeological finding)
(b) 2 only 1) Ploughed field
oslo

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct

2) Dockyard
explanation of A
3) Terracotta replica of a plough (c) A is true, but R is false
4) An inscription comprising ten large-sized signs of (d) A is false, but R is true
the Harappan script
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 41. The term ‘Aryan’ denotes [1999]
(b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (a) an ethnic group
(c) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 (b) a nomadic people
katya124905@gmail.com
(d) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 (c) a speech group
(d) a superior race
37. Which one of the following animals was NOT
represented on the seals and terracotta
oslo art of the 42. Which one of the following was initially the
Harappan culture? [2001] most powerful city-state of India in the 6th
(a) Cow century B.C.? [1999]
(b) Elephant (a) Gandhar
(c) Rhinoceros (b) Kamboj
(d) Tiger (c) Kashi
(d) Magadh
38. Assertion (A): Harshavardhana convened the
Prayag Assembly. 43. Which one of the following ports handled the
north Indian trade during the Gupta period? [1999]
Reason (R): He wanted to popularise only the
Mahayana form of Buddhism. [2001] (a) Tamralipti
(b) Broach
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the
correct explanation of A (c) Kalyan
(b) Both A and R are individually true, but R is NOT a (d) Cambay
correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false 44. One consistent feature found in the history of
southern India was the growth of small regional
(d) A is false, but R is true
kingdoms rather than large empires because of
[1999]
39. Assertion (A): Ashoka annexed Kalinga to the
Mauryan Empire. (a) the absence of minerals like iron
(b) too many divisions in the social structure
Reason (R): Kalinga controlled the land and sea (c) the absence of vast areas of fertile land
routes to South India. [2000]
(d) the scarcity of manpower
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
explanation of A 45. From the third century AD when the Hun
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct invasion ended the Roman Empire, the Indian
explanation of A merchants relied more and more on the [1999]
(c) A is true, but R is false (a) African trade
(d) A is false, but R is true (b) West-European trade
(c) South-East Asian trade
40. Assertion (A): The origin of feudal system in
(d) Middle-Eastern trade
ancient India can be traced to military campaigns. 9654469135

Reason (R): There was considerable expansion of 46. The following persons came to India at one
the feudal system during the Gupta period. [2000] time or another: [1999]

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct 1) Fa-Hien

explanation of A
2) I-Tsing

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

3) Megasthenese
4) Hieun-Tsang

The correct chronological sequence of their visits is:

(a) 3, 1, 2, 4
(b) 3, 1, 4, 2
(c) 1, 3, 2, 4
(d) 1, 3, 4, 2 katya124905@gmail.com

47. The Indo-Greek kingdom set up in northern

Afghanistan at the beginning of the second
oslo
century BC was [1999]
(a) Bactria
(b) Scythia
(c) Zedrasia (a) Kaniska at the time of his death
(d) Aria (b) Samudragupta after the close of his South Indian
campaign
48. Assertion (A): According to Asoka's edicts (c) Ashoka towards the close of his reign
social harmony among the people was more (d) Empire of Thaneswar on the eve of Harsha's
important than religious devotion. accession

Reason (R): He spread ideas of equity instead of

51. The Asokan major rock edicts which tell us
promotion of religion. [1998]
about the Sangam Kingdom include rock edicts
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct [1998]
explanation of A
(a) I and X
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT a correct
(b) I and XI
explanation of A
(c) II and XIII
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) II and XIV
(d) A is false, but R is true

52. Which of the following pairs are correctly

49. Which one of the following ancient Indian
matched? [1998]
records is the earliest royal order to preserve
foodgrains to be utilized during the crises in the
1) Lothal: Ancient dockyard
country? [1998]
2) Sarnath: First Sermon of Buddha
(a) Sohagaura Copper-plate
(b) Rummindei pillar-edict of Asoka 3) Rajgir: Lion capital of Asoka
(c) Prayaga-Prasasti 4) Nalanda: Great seat of Buddhist learning
(d) Mehrauli Pillar inscription of Chandra
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below:
50. The given map relates to [1998]
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4 9654469135

(d) 1 and 2

53. What is the correct chronological order in

which the following appeared in India? [1998]

1) Gold coins

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

2) Punch-marked silver coins (d) Maski

3) Iron plough
57. The silver coins issued by the Guptas were
4) Urban culture called [1997]
(a) Rupaka
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below: (b) Karshapana
(c) Dinara
(a) 3, 4, 1, 2
(d) Pana
(b) 3, 4, 2, 1
(c) 4, 3, 1, 2
58. Which one of the following was a corporation
(d) 4, 3, 2, 1 of merchants in ancient India? [1997]
(a) Chaturvedimangalam
54. The following maps show four of the sixteen
Mahajanapadas that existed in ancient India (b) Parishad
[1997] (c) Ashtadikgaja
The places marked A, B, C and D respectively are: (d) Manigrama

59. Match List I with List-II and select the correct

9654469135 answer by using the codes given below the lists:
[1997]

List I
A. Gupta
B. Chandella oslo

C. Chalukya
D. Pallava

List II
1. Badami
2. Panamalai
3. Khajuraho
(a) Matsya, Cedi, Kosala, Anga
(b) Surasena, Avanti, Vatsa, Magadha 4. Deogarh
(c) Matsya, Avanti, Vatsa, Anga
Codes:
(d) Surasena, Cedi, Kosala, Magadha
ABCD
55. Which one of the following statements (a) 4 3 1 2
regarding Asokan stone pillars is incorrect? [1997] (b) 4 2 3 1
(a) These are highly polished (c) 2 3 4 1
(b) These are monolithic (d) 3 4 1 2
(c) The shaft of pillars is tapering in shape
(d) These are parts of architectural structures 60. The river most mentioned in early Vedic
literature is [1996]
56. Which one of the following edicts mentions the (a) Sindhu
personal name of Ashoka? [1997] (b) Sutudri
(a) Kalsi (c) Saraswati
(b) Rummindei (d) Ganga
(c) Special Kalinga Edict

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

61. In the context of ancient Indian society, which List-I (Eras)

one of the following terms does not belong to the
A. Vikrama era
category of the other three? [1996]
B. Saka era
(a) Kula
(b) Vamsa C. Gupta era
(c) Kosa D. Kali era
(d) Gotra
List-II (Reckoned from)
62. According to ancient Indian cosmogonic ideas 1. 3102 B.C.
the sequential order of the cycle of four aeons
2. 320 A.D.
(Yugas) is [1996]
3. 78 A.D.
(a) Dvapara, Krita, Treta and Kali
(b) Krita, Dvapara, Treta and Kali 4. 58 B.C.
(c) Krita, Treta, Dvapara and Kali 5. 248 A.D.
(d) Treta, Dvapara, Kali and Krita
Codes:
63. Who among the following was a Brahmavadini ABCD
who composed some hymns of the Vedas? [1995]
(a) 2 4 5 1
(a) Lopamudra (b) 1 3 2 4
(b) Gargi (c) 4 5 2 3
(c) Leelavati (d) 4 3 2 1
(d) Savitri
68. The term Yavanapriya, mentioned in ancient
64. The word ‘Hindu’ as a reference to the people Sanskrit texts, denoted [1995]
of Hind (India) was first used by [1995]
(a) a fine variety of Indian muslin
(a) the Greeks (b) ivory
(b) the Romans (c) damsels sent to the Greek court for dance
(c) the Chinese performance
(d) the Arabs (d) pepper

65. The name by which Asoka is generally referred 69. Which one of the following dynasties was
to in his inscriptions is [1995] ruling over North India at the time of Alexander's
invasion?
9654469135
(a) Chakravarti
(b) Dharmadeva (a) Nanda
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(c) Dharmakirti (b) Maurya
(d) Priyadarsi (c) Sunga
(d) Kanva
66. In Sanskrit plays written during the Gupta
Period women and Sudras speak [1995] 70. With reference to the invaders in ancient India,
which one of the following is the correct
(a) Sanskrit
chronological order?
(b) Prakrit
(a) Greeks – Sakas – Kushanas
(c) Pali
(b) Greeks – Kushanas – Sakas
(d) Sauraseni
(c) Sakas – Greeks – Kushanas
67. Match List I with List-II and select the correct (d) Sakas – Kushanas – Greeks
answer by using the codes given below the lists:
[1995]

oslo

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

have been uncovered. The site also provides early

1. Consider the following pairs: [2022] evidence of sophisticated water conservation
techniques, including dams, irrigation systems, and
(King - Dynasty)
reservoirs.
1) Nannuka - Chandela
3. From the decline of Guptas until the rise of
2) Jayashakti - Paramara
Harshavardhana in the early seventh century,
3) Nagabhata II - Gurjara-Pratihara which of the following kingdoms were holding
katya124905@gmail.com
power in Northern India? [2021]
4) Bhoja - Rashtrakuta
1) The Guptas of Magadha
How many pairs given above are correctly
matched? 2) The Paramaras of Malwa
(a) Only one pair 3) The Pushyabhutis of Thanesar
(b) Only two pairs 4) The Maukharis of Kanauj
(c) Only three pairs
5) The Yadavas of Devagiri
(d) All four pairs
6) The Maitrakas of Valabhi
Solution 1.
Select the correct answer using the code given
The Chandela dynasty's foundation and succession below:
are traced with Nannuka and his successors,
(a) 1, 2 and 5 only
Jayashakti and Vijayashakti, who fortified the
dynasty's power. The Pratihara dynasty saw (b) 1, 3, 4 and 6 only
Nagabhatta II as a significant ruler, succeeded by (c) 2, 3 and 4 only
Ramabhadra and then Mihira Bhoja. (d) 5 and 6 only

2. Which one of the following ancient towns is Solution 3.

well-known for its elaborate system of water 9654469135
Following the decline of the Gupta Empire, several
harvesting and management by building a series of
regional powers rose to prominence in Northern
dams and channelizing water into connected
and Southern India, including the Pushyabhuti
reservoirs? [2021]
dynasty in the north and the Chalukyas and Pallavas
(a) Dholavira in the south.
(b) Kalibangan
(c) Rakhigarhi 4. Consider the following pairs: [2021]
(d) Ropar (Historical Place - Well-known for)

Solution 2. 1) Burzahom - Rock-cut shrines

The correct option is (a). This pertains to the ancient 2) Chandra-ketugarh - Terracotta art
city of Dholavira, situated on Khadir Bet in the Rann
3) Ganeshwar - Copper artefacts
of Kutch. It's recognized as the fifth largest city of
the Indus Valley Civilization, larger only than cities
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
like Mohenjo-Daro, Ganweriwala, and Harappa.
matched?
Dholavira stands out due to its distinct urban
planning, featuring a fortified citadel, a middle (a) 1 only
town, and a lower town, with walls made not of the (b) 1 and 2 only
typical mud bricks but of sandstone or limestone.
(c) 3 only
The site's ingenuity is also evident in its water
management systems, multi-layered defense (d) 2 and 3 only
mechanisms, and the usage of stone in construction,
alongside its distinctive burial practices. Copper, Solution 4.
stone, terracotta, gold, and ivory artifacts have
The site of Burzahom in Kashmir is significant for its
been found, but interestingly, no human remains oslo
Neolithic tools and evidence of ritualistic practices,

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Ancient Indian History PYQs
while Chandraketugarh in Bengal is noted for its
Buddhist relics and artistic terracotta work.
5. With reference to the history of ancient India,
which of the following statements is/are correct?
[2021]
1) Mitakshara was the civil law for upper castes and
Dayabhaga was the civil law for lower castes.
2) In the Mitakshara system, the sons can claim
right to the property during the lifetime of the
father, whereas in the Dayabhaga system, it is only
oslo
after the death of the father that the sons can claim
right to the property.
3) The Mitakshara system deals with the matters
related to the property held by male members only
of a family, whereas the Dayabhaga system deals
with the matters related to the property held by
both male and female members of a family.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 3 only
Solution 5.
Mitakshara and Dayabhaga are not regional terms
but denote two different schools of Hindu law, with
distinct rules on inheritance, especially concerning
women’s rights.
6. Who among the following rulers advised his
subjects through this inscription? [2020]
“Whosoever praises his religious sect or blames
other sects out of excessive devotion to his own
sect, with the view of glorifying his own sect, he
rather injures his own sect very severely.”
(a) Ashoka
(b) Samundragupta
(c) Harshavardhana
(d) Krishanadeva Raya
Solution 6.
Emperor Ashoka expresses his disapproval of the
practice where individuals exalt their own religion
to the detriment of others. He advocates for
listening and respecting the teachings of various
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faiths, suggesting that denigrating others' beliefs
ultimately undermines one's own religion.
7. With reference to the scholars/literateurs of
ancient India, consider the following statements:
[2020]
1) Panini is associated with Pushyamitra Shunga.
2) Amarasimha is associated with Harshavardhana.
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3) Kalidasa is associated with Chandra Gupta-II.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution 7.
Option (c) is correct. Panini is recognized for his
foundational work on Sanskrit grammar. His period
is not associated with Pushyamitra Shunga, as he
predated the Shunga Empire. Kalidasa, another
prominent figure in Sanskrit literature, flourished
later during the reign of Chandragupta II and
contributed significantly to Sanskrit poetry and
drama.
8. Consider the following events in the history of
India: [2020]
1) Rise of Pratiharas under King Bhoja
2) Establishment of Pallava power under
Mahendravarman-I
3) Establishment of Chola power by Parantaka-I
4) Pala dynasty founded by Gopala
What is the correct chronological order of the
above events, starting from the earliest time?
(a) 2 – 1 – 4 – 3
(b) 3 – 1 – 4 – 2
(c) 2 – 4 – 1 – 3
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(d) 3 – 4 – 1 – 2
Solution 8.
The Pallava dynasty, known for its rule in Southern
India, and the Pala dynasty in Bihar and Bengal,
were significant powers in their respective regions
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Ancient Indian History PYQs
during the early medieval period. The Pratihara
Empire under rulers such as Mihir Bhoja also played
a pivotal role during this era.
9. Which of the following phrases defines the
nature of the ‘Hundi’ generally referred to in the
sources of the post-Harsha period? [2020]
(a) An advisory issued by the king to his
subordinates
(b) A diary to be maintained for daily accounts
(c) A bill of exchange
(d) An order from the feudal lord to his
subordinates
Solution 9.
Hundi refers to traditional financial instruments in
the Indian subcontinent, functioning similarly to
modern-day cheques and used widely for trade and
credit transactions.
9654469135
10. With reference to the history of India, the
terms ‘kulyavapa’ and ‘dronavapa’ denote [2020]
(a) measurement of land
(b) coins of different monetary value
(c) classification of urban land
(d) religious rituals
Solution 10.
The Gupta era's terminology around land measures
included Kulyavapa, Dronavapa, and Adhavapa.
These terms are found in copper plate inscriptions,
indicating the units of land measurement like
angula, hasta, dhanu, danda, and nala, which detail
the amount of land required for sowing seeds.
11. With reference to the history of India, consider
the following pairs [2020]:
(Famous Place - Present State)
1. Bhilsa - Madhya Pradesh
2. Dwarasamudra - Maharashtra
3. Girinagar - Gujarat
4. Sthanesvara - Uttar Pradesh
Which of the pairs given above are correctly
matched?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 4 only
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(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 2 and 4 only
Solution 11.
Vidisha is an ancient city in Madhya Pradesh, known
by different names like Bhelsa or Besnagar in
antiquity and is noted for its archaeological
significance. Other historic places mentioned
include Halebidu, Girnar, and Thanesar, each with
its unique historical and cultural importance.
12. With reference to the period of Gupta dynasty
in ancient India, the towns Ghantasala, Kadura and
Chaul were known as [2020]
(a) ports handling foreign trade
(b) capitals of powerful kingdoms
(c) places of exquisite stone art and architecture
(d) important Buddhist pilgrimage centres
Solution 12.
Ancient India's global trade connections included
significant interactions with Egypt, Rome, Greece,
Arabs, China, and all Southeast Asian countries.
Chaul was a principal
osloport of the Gupta dynasty,
and Kadura and Ghantasala served as ports in the
Andhra region, while Kaveripattanam and Tondai
were ports of the Pandya region.
13. With reference to the cultural history of India,
consider the following pairs: [2020]
1. Parivrajaka: Renunciant and Wanderer
2. Shramana: Priest with a high status
3. Upasaka: Lay follower of Buddhism
Which of the pairs given above are correctly
matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution 13.
It addresses the terms for different types of
itinerant or religious individuals during ancient
times, with 'Parivrajaka' referring to wandering
ascetics, 'Shramana' to monks or those engaged in
spiritual practices, and 'Upasaka' to lay followers of
Buddhism who undertake certain vows but are not
monastic.
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Ancient Indian History PYQs
14. Which one of the following is not a Harappan
site? [2019]
(a) Chanhudaro
(b) Kot Diji
(c) Sohgaura
(d) Desalpur
Solution 14.
The correct answer is (c), focusing on Sohgaura,
situated in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.
The site is noted for a copper plate inscription
believed to be from the time of Emperor Ashoka,
written in Prakrit in the Brahmi script, which
contrasts with Harappan sites like Chanhudaro and
Kot Diji that used different writing systems and
cultural practices.
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15. In which of the following relief sculpture
inscriptions is ‘Ranyo Ashoka’ (King Ashoka)
mentioned along with the stone portrait of
Ashoka? [2019]
(a) Kanganahalli
(b) Sanchi
(c) Shahbazgarhi
(d) Sohgaura
Solution 15.
Kanaganahalli is an archaeological site notable for
its inscription in the Brahmi script that
acknowledges Emperor Ashoka. This site also
features a sculpture of Ashoka, enriching our
understanding of his reign and presence.
16. With reference to forced labour (Vishti) in
India during the Gupta period, which one of the
following statements is correct? [2019]
(a) It was considered a source of income for the
State, a sort of tax paid by the people.
(b) It was totally absent in the Madhya Pradesh and
Kathiawar regions of the Gupta Empire.
(c) The forced labourer was entitled to weekly
wages.
(d) The eldest son of the labourer was sent as the
forced labourer.
Solution 16.
Vishti refers to forced labor in ancient India, often
mentioned in conjunction with land grants and was
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considered a form of tax or service due from the
populace.
17. With reference to the difference between the
culture of Rigvedic Aryans and Indus Valley
people, which of the following statements is/are
correct? [2017] 1) Rigvedic Aryans used the coat of
mail and helmet in warfare whereas the people of
Indus Valley Civilisation did not leave any
evidence of using them.
2) Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper
whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper and
iron.
3) Rigvedic Aryans had domesticated the horse
whereas there is no evidence of Indus Valley people
having been aware of this animal. Select the correct
answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution 17.
oslo
Correct option is (a). This is a reflection on the
military practices of different cultures. The Rigvedic
Aryans are known to have utilized coats of mail and
helmets in warfare. In contrast, there is no
archaeological evidence to suggest that the people
of the Indus Valley Civilization employed these in
their military tactics.
18. Who of the following had first deciphered the
edicts of Emperor Ashoka? [2016]
(a) Georg Buhler
(b) James Prinsep
(c) Max Muller
(d) William Jones
Solution 18.
James Prinsep is credited with being the first
European to decipher the Brahmi script,
contributing significantly to the understanding of
ancient Indian inscriptions, particularly those
related to Emperor Ashoka.
19. Which of the following
characterizes/characterize the people of Indus
civilization? [2013]
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Ancient Indian History PYQs
1) They possessed great palaces and temples.
2) They worshipped both male and female deities.
3) They employed horse-drawn chariots in warfare.
Select the correct statement/statements using the
codes given below:
(b) 2 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None of the statements given above is correct
Solution 19.
Option (b) is correct. The text emphasizes that
Harappan towns were known for their remarkable
architectural planning, including grand palaces and
intricate water management systems. However, the
assertion that they had temples or religious
structures is unsupported by archaeological
evidence, as such remains have not been discovered
at Harappan sites, indicating a possible secular
orientation in their urban layout.
20. The religion of early Vedic Aryans was
primarily of [2012]
oslo
(a) Bhakti
(b) image worship and Yajnas
(c) worship of nature and Yajnas 9654469135
(d) worship of nature and Bhakti
Solution 20.
Option (c) is correct. The Vedic Age spans from
1500 BC to 600 BC, a time characterized by the
worship of natural forces and a pantheon of Vedic
deities. The performance of Yajnas, ritual sacrifices,
was central to this period and conducted by a
quartet of priests, each with a specific role within
the Vedic priesthood.
21. With reference to the guilds (Shreni) of ancient
India that played a very important role in the
country's economy, which of the following
statements is/are correct? [2012]
1) Every guild was registered with the central
authority of the State and the king was the chief
administrative authority on them.
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2) The wages, rules of work, standards and prices
were fixed by the guild.
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3) The guild had judicial powers over its own
members.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution 21.
Ancient Indian guilds were multifunctional entities
that operated democratically, combining the roles
of a governance body, trade union, and court of
justice. They had mechanisms to hold their leaders
accountable and fostered a positive work
environment for their skilled workforce.
22. Regarding the Indus Valley Civilization,
consider the following statements: [2011]
1) It was predominantly a secular civilization and
the religious element, though present, did not
dominate the scene.
2) During this period, cotton was used for
manufacturing textiles in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution 22.
Correct option is (c), which discusses the
chronological phases of the Harappan culture: the
Early Harappan phase (3000–2600 BCE), the
Mature Harappan phase (2600–1900 BCE), and the
Late Harappan phase (1900–1700 BCE). It is
explained that the civilization covered a vast area in
contemporary India and Pakistan and was
characterized by a secular nature with a focus on
trade and societal organization rather than
domination by religious doctrine, reflected in the
absence of monumental religious structures.
23. The "dharma" and "rita" depict a central idea of
ancient Vedic civilization of India. In this context,
consider the following statements: [2011]
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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

1) Dharma was a conception of obligations and of
the discharge of one's duties to oneself and to
others.
2) Rita was the fundamental moral law governing
the functioning of the universe and all it contained.
25. Why did Buddhism start declining in India in
the early medieval times? [2010]
1) Buddha was by that time considered as one of the
incarnations of Vishnu and thus became a part of
Vaishnavism.

Which of the statements given above is/are 2) The invading tribes from Central Asia till the time
correct? of last Gupta king adopted Hinduism and
persecuted Buddhists.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only 3) The Kings of Gupta dynasty were strongly
(c) Both 1 and 2 opposed to Buddhism.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
Solution 23.
(a) 1 only
Correct choice is (c). In the Vedic period, Dharma
and Rita are key concepts that appear in the earliest (b) 1 and 3 only
of the texts, the Rig Veda. Dharma is often (c) 2 and 3 only
associated with cosmic law and justice, whereas (d) 1, 2 and 3
9654469135
Rita pertains to the natural order and the ethical
framework governing society, symbolizing the
Solution 25.
structure of the universe and moral order.
Buddha was revered as an avatar of Vishnu in
Vaishnavism. The Gupta kings were supportive of
24. India maintained its early cultural contacts and
Buddhism, as evidenced by the construction of
trade links with Southeast Asia across the Bay of oslo
Buddhist temples during their rule.
Bengal. For this pre-eminence of the early
maritime history of the Bay of Bengal, which of the
following could be the most convincing 26. The Allahabad Pillar inscription is associated
explanation/explanations? [2011] with which one of the following? [2006]
(a) As compared to other countries, India had a (a) Mahapadma Nanda
better ship-building technology in ancient and (b) Chandragupta Maurya
medieval times
(c) Ashoka
(b) The rulers of southern India always patronized
(d) Samudragupta
traders, brahmin priests and buddhist monks in this
context
Solution 26.
(c) Monsoon winds across the Bay of Bengal
facilitated sea voyages The pillar referred to is unique in that it carries
(d) Both (a) and (b) are convincing explanations in Ashokan inscriptions and later inscriptions from the
this context Gupta period. It also holds historical significance for
having inscriptions by the Mughal Emperor
Jahangir from the 17th century.
Solution 24.
India's shipbuilding was notably advanced in
27. Who among the following laid the foundation
ancient and medieval periods. The rulers like
of Rashtrakuta Empire? [2006]
Kanishka were supportive of Buddhist monks, the
Kushans were benefactors of traders, and the (a) Amostghavarshal
Cholas patronized Brahmin priests. However, the (b) Dantidurga
statement about the monsoon winds facilitating sea
(c) Dhruva
voyages across the Bay of Bengal and maintaining
early cultural relations is marked incorrect in the (d) Krishna I
explanation provided.
Solution 27.

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

Dantidurga, under the aegis of the Chalukyas,
founded the Rashtrakuta Empire, establishing its
capital at Manyakheta and defeating the Chalukyas
to secure his reign.
28. When Raja Wodeyar founded the Kingdom of
Mysore, who was the ruler of the Vijaynagar
Empire? [2006]
(a) Sadasiva
(b) Tirumala
(c) Ranga II
(d) Venkata II
oslo
Solution 28.
Raja Wodeyar established the Kingdom of Mysore
during the time when the Vijayanagara Empire was
under the rule of Venkata II. The Wadiyar dynasty
later became independent from the Vijayanagara
suzerainty.
29. Consider the following statements: [2006]
Taxila, also known as Takshashila, was an influential
centre of learning in ancient India, now a significant
archaeological site and UNESCO World Heritage
Site located between the rivers Indus and Jhelum,
which were historically known as Sindhu and
Vitasta, respectively.
31. Who among the following was not a
contemporary of the other three? [2005]
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(a) Bimbisara
(b) Gautama Buddha
(c) Milinda
(d) Prasenjit
Solution 31.
Bimbisara was a ruler of the Haryanka dynasty of
the Magadha Empire and a contemporary of
Buddha. He expanded his kingdom through
marriage alliances. The Greek king Milinda
(Menander), known for his dialogue with the monk
Nagasena, was not a contemporary of Bimbisara.

1) The Ikshvaku rulers of Southern India were
antagonistic towards Buddhism.
2) The Pala Rulers of Eastern India were patrons of
Buddhism.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution 29.
The Andhra Ikshvaku period is characterized by the
construction of Buddhist viharas and patronage to
Buddhism, which is evidenced by inscriptions and
gifts to these religious establishments.
32. Which one of the following four Vedas
contains an account of magical charms and spells?
[2004]
(a) Rig-veda
(b) Yajur-veda
(c) Atharva-veda
(d) Sama-veda
Solution 32.
Answer is (c). The Atharva Veda is recognized as the
fourth Veda, an ancient compilation of Vedic texts
comprising spells, prayers, charms, and hymns. It
has a unique place within the Vedas, sometimes
being referred to as the "Veda of magical formulas,"
which some traditionalists might not align with the
more orthodox Vedic practices.
33. Consider the following statements: [2004]

30. Between which of the following was the 1) The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien attended the fourth
ancient town of Takshasila located? [2006] Great Buddhist Council held by Kanishka.
(a) Indus and Jhelum
2) The Chinese pilgrim Hiuen-Tsang met Harsha
9654469135
(b) Jhelum and Chenab and found him to be antagonistic to Buddhism.
(c) Chenab and Ravi
(d) Ravi and Beas Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
Solution 30. (a) 1 only

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Ancient Indian History PYQs
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution 33.
The fourth Buddhist Council was convened in
Kashmir under Kanishka, but the traveler Fa-Hien
visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II.
Harsha, who met Hiuen-Tsang, also showed a
favorable disposition towards Buddhism.
34. Consider the following statements: [2004]
1) The Islamic Calendar is twelve days shorter than
the Gregorian Calendar.
2) The Islamic Calendar began in AD 632.
3) The Gregorian Calendar is a solar calendar.
9654469135
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 only
Solution 34.
The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, marking
the Hijrah as the event when Muhammad migrated
from Mecca to Medina, while the Gregorian
calendar, succeeding the Julian calendar, is a solar
calendar based on the solar year and months of
varying lengths.
35. Consider the following statements: [2003]
1) The last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha was
assassinated by his commander-in-chief,
Pushyamitra Sunga.
2) The last Sunga king, Devabhuti was assassinated
by his Brahmana minister Vasudeva Kanva who
usurped the throne.
3) The last ruler of the Kanva dynasty was deposed
by the Andhras.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) Only 2
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(c) Only 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution 35.
Option (d) is accurate. It outlines the end of the
Mauryan Empire with the assassination of its last
ruler, Brihadratha, by his general, which led to the
establishment of the Shunga Empire. The lineage of
rulers then continued with the Kanvas and
eventually transitioned to the Andhra dynasty.
36. Match List I (Ancient site) with List II
(Archaeological finding) and select the correct
answer using the codes given below the lists:
[2002]
List I (Ancient site)
A. Lothal
B. Kalibangan
C. Dholavira
D. Banawali
List II (Archaeological finding)
1) Ploughed field oslo
2) Dockyard
3) Terracotta replica of a plough
4) An inscription comprising ten large-sized signs of
the Harappan script
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(c) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
(d) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
Solution 36.
Correct option is (b). Lothal was a remarkable city
of the Indus Valley Civilization, renowned for
having the earliest known dock in the world, linking
it to the Sabarmati river and establishing it as a vital
trade hub. Kalibangan is known for revealing
evidence of ploughed agricultural fields, a first of its
kind, while Dholavira is celebrated for the discovery
of the Dholavira Signboard, which indicates the use
of symbols or letters and suggests a level of literacy.
Banawali is another significant site that has
contributed terracotta finds to our understanding
of the Harappan era.
37. Which one of the following animals was NOT
represented on the seals and terracotta art of the
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Ancient Indian History PYQs
Harappan culture? [2001]
(a) Cow
(b) Elephant
(c) Rhinoceros
(d) Tiger
Solution 37.
Correct answer is (a). The Indus Valley Civilization
is often identified by its seals, which depict various
animals but notably exclude the cow, camel, horse,
and lion. The unicorn, often represented as a bull, is
a prevalent figure on these seals. This indicates a
rich symbolic culture, with the horse being
particularly absent, suggesting it was not known to
the Harappans at the time.
38. Assertion (A): Harshavardhana convened the
Prayag Assembly.
Reason (R): He wanted to popularise only the
Mahayana form of Buddhism. [2001]
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the
correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true, but R is NOT a
correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Solution 38.
Harsha was known for his religious tolerance and
for conducting assemblies at Prayag every five
years, which included the worship of Surya, Shiva,
and Buddha, followed by acts of charity, reflecting
his inclusive approach to different faiths.
39. Assertion (A): Ashoka annexed Kalinga to the
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Mauryan Empire.
Reason (R): Kalinga controlled the land and sea
routes to South India. [2000]
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct
explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Solution 39.
The Kalinga War was a significant conflict during
Emperor Ashoka's reign, resulting in the annexation
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of the Kalinga region into the Mauryan Empire. This
event is particularly remembered for its subsequent
impact on Ashoka, leading to his embrace of
Buddhism.
40. Assertion (A): The origin of feudal system in
ancient India can be traced to military campaigns.
Reason (R): There was considerable expansion of
the feudal system during the Gupta period. [2000]
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct
explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Solution 40.
The feudal system in ancient India has its roots in
military campaigns, with feudal lords providing
significant military assistance to the king. The
Gupta Empire saw the flourishing of such lords who
exerted control over regions for extended periods.
41. The term ‘Aryan’ denotes [1999]
(a) an ethnic group
(b) a nomadic people
(c) a speech group
(d) a superior race
Solution 41.
Correct option is (c). Aryan is a term that was used
in ancient times by Indo-Iranians to describe
themselves. In the context of Ancient India, it was
9654469135
adopted by Vedic period speakers to refer to
themselves and to their homeland, ryvarta, which
translates to the abode of the Aryas.
42. Which one of the following was initially the
most powerful city-state of India in the 6th
century B.C.? [1999]
(a) Gandhar
(b) Kamboj
(c) Kashi
(d) Magadh
Solution 42.
The Mahajanapadas were sixteen large kingdoms of
ancient India, which were prominent around the
oslo
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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

sixth to fourth centuries BCE. Out of these,
Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa, and Avanti were
particularly powerful and engaged in prolonged
conflicts, which ultimately led to Magadha's
dominance under King Bimbisara of the Haryanka
dynasty.
43. Which one of the following ports handled the
north Indian trade during the Gupta period? [1999]
(a) Tamralipti
(b) Broach
(c) Kalyan
(d) Cambay
Solution 43.
Tamralipta, an ancient port city in Bengal, was a
bustling hub for trade across the Bay of Bengal,
facilitating commerce with Sri Lanka, Java, and
China, among others, particularly during the Gupta
Dynasty.
44. One consistent feature found in the history of
southern India was the growth of small regional
kingdoms rather than large empires because of
[1999]
oslo
(a) the absence of minerals like iron
(b) too many divisions in the social structure
9654469135
(c) the absence of vast areas of fertile land
(d) the scarcity of manpower
Solution 44.
The history of Southern India is marked by the
emergence of small regional kingdoms, a
phenomenon attributed to the geographic
limitation of fertile lands, which constrained the
development of vast empires.
45. From the third century AD when the Hun
invasion ended the Roman Empire, the Indian
merchants relied more and more on the [1999]
(a) African trade
(b) West-European trade
(c) South-East Asian trade
(d) Middle-Eastern trade
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Solution 45.
The Hun invasions into Roman territories,
particularly under King Attila, were significant
during the decline of the Western Roman Empire.
After the 3rd century AD, Indian trade increasingly
pivoted towards Southeast Asia.
46. The following persons came to India at one
time or another: [1999]
1) Fa-Hien
2) I-Tsing
3) Megasthenese
4) Hieun-Tsang
The correct chronological sequence of their visits is:
(a) 3, 1, 2, 4
(b) 3, 1, 4, 2
(c) 1, 3, 2, 4
(d) 1, 3, 4, 2
Solution 46.
Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador and
ethnographer, Fa-Hien and Hiuen-Tsang were
Chinese Buddhist monks who traveled to India, and
I-tsing was a Chinese traveler who also visited the
region.
47. The Indo-Greek kingdom set up in northern
Afghanistan at the beginning of the second
century BC was [1999]
(a) Bactria
(b) Scythia
(c) Zedrasia
(d) Aria
Solution 47.
Bactria was an ancient Iranian civilization located
north of the Hindu Kush, and the Indo-Greek
Kingdom was a Hellenistic-era state that spanned
various parts of Afghanistan and the northwest
regions of the Indian subcontinent.
48. Assertion (A): According to Asoka's edicts
social harmony among the people was more
important than religious devotion.
Reason (R): He spread ideas of equity instead of
promotion of religion. [1998]
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT a correct
explanation of A

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Ancient Indian History PYQs
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Solution 48.
The Edicts of Ashoka are a series of inscriptions that
convey the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka's philosophy
and the principles of Dharma. These inscriptions
emphasize social welfare, the ethical treatment of
subjects, and the importance of non-violence, which
were revolutionary in their promotion of social
harmony over religious expansionism.
49. Which one of the following ancient Indian
records is the earliest royal order to preserve
foodgrains to be utilized during the crises in the
country? [1998]
(a) Sohagaura Copper-plate
(b) Rummindei pillar-edict of Asoka
(c) Prayaga-Prasasti
(d) Mehrauli Pillar inscription of Chandra
Solution 49.
The Sohgaura copper plate is a noteworthy artifact
inscribed in the Prakrit language using the Brahmi
script, discovered in the Gorakhpur region of Uttar
Pradesh. This plate stands as a testament to the
administrative measures taken during the Mauryan
period, particularly concerning famine relief.
50. The given map relates to [1998]
oslo
(a) Kaniska at the time of his death
(b) Samudragupta after the close of his South Indian
campaign
(c) Ashoka towards the close of his reign
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(d) Empire of Thaneswar on the eve of Harsha's
accession
Solution 50.
It highlights the expansive rule of Emperor Ashoka,
who governed nearly the entire Indian
subcontinent, extending the empire founded by
Chandragupta Maurya. His reign is marked by a
significant spread of influence, excluding some
southern territories like parts of modern-day Tamil
Nadu.
51. The Asokan major rock edicts which tell us
about the Sangam Kingdom include rock edicts
[1998]
9654469135
(a) I and X
(b) I and XI
(c) II and XIII
(d) II and XIV
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Solution 51.
Option (c) refers to the Rock Edicts of Ashoka,
which reveal his outreach to and relationships with
contemporary southern kingdoms and Hellenistic
rulers. The edicts also reflect a shift in Ashoka's
approach post the Kalinga War, from one of
conquest to one advocating welfare and Buddhist
values.
52. Which of the following pairs are correctly
matched? [1998]
1) Lothal: Ancient dockyard
2) Sarnath: First Sermon of Buddha
3) Rajgir: Lion capital of Asoka
4) Nalanda: Great seat of Buddhist learning
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below:
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4
(d) 1 and 2
Solution 52.
The Sarnath pillar is one of Ashoka's most
celebrated pillars and the Lion Capital from this
pillar, which depicts four Asiatic lions standing back
to back, was adopted as the official Emblem of India
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Ancient Indian History PYQs
in 1950.
53. What is the correct chronological order in
which the following appeared in India? [1998]
1) Gold coins
2) Punch-marked silver coins
3) Iron plough
4) Urban culture
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below:
(a) 3, 4, 1, 2
(b) 3, 4, 2, 1
(c) 4, 3, 1, 2
(d) 4, 3, 2, 1
Solution 53.
9654469135
The Indus Valley Civilization is the earliest known
urban culture in the region, and in Vedic times, the
use of iron ploughs and coins were prevalent, with
the latter being introduced in the region from
eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar during the
Mauryan period.
54. The following maps show four of the sixteen
Mahajanapadas that existed in ancient India
[1997]
The places marked A, B, C and D respectively are:
(a) Matsya, Cedi, Kosala, Anga
(b) Surasena, Avanti, Vatsa, Magadha
(c) Matsya, Avanti, Vatsa, Anga
(d) Surasena, Cedi, Kosala, Magadha
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Since the Mid-1990s
Solution 54.
Correct answer is (c), which refers to four of the
Mahajanapadas: Matsya, Avanti, Vatsa, and Anga.
These were part of the sixteen kingdoms that
existed during ancient times and played significant
roles in the region's history.
55. Which one of the following statements
regarding Asokan stone pillars is incorrect? [1997]
(a) These are highly polished
(b) These are monolithic
(c) The shaft of pillars is tapering in shape
(d) These are parts of architectural structures
Solution 55.
The Pillars of Ashoka are enduring monuments that
not only mark the territories of his reign but also
convey his messages, particularly his commitment
to the principles of Dharma, throughout his vast
empire.
56. Which one of the following edicts mentions the
personal name of Ashoka?
oslo [1997]
(a) Kalsi
(b) Rummindei
(c) Special Kalinga Edict
(d) Maski
Solution 56.
Maski, a town in Karnataka, became prominent
following the discovery of a minor rock edict that
helped decipher the name of Ashoka in inscriptions,
a significant milestone in the field of epigraphy.
57. The silver coins issued by the Guptas were
called [1997]
(a) Rupaka
(b) Karshapana
(c) Dinara
(d) Pana
Solution 57.
The Guptas issued silver coins known as Rupaka,
which were based on the weight standards of the
Sakas of Ujjaini and were called Dinars when struck
in gold.
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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

58. Which one of the following was a corporation (a) Sindhu

of merchants in ancient India? [1997] (b) Sutudri
(a) Chaturvedimangalam (c) Saraswati
(b) Parishad (d) Ganga
(c) Ashtadikgaja
(d) Manigrama Solution 60.
In the Rigveda, several rivers are mentioned, one of
Solution 58. which is the "Sindhu," which is currently
understood to be what we know as the Indus River
Manigramam refers to a guild of merchants in
today.
medieval South India, known from records including
copper plate grants dating as far back as the 5th
century CE, indicative of their commercial activities 61. In the context of ancient Indian society, which
in the region. one of the following terms does not belong to the
category of the other three? [1996]
59. Match List I with List-II and select the correct (a) Kula
answer by using the codes given below the lists: (b) Vamsa
[1997]
(c) Kosa
List I (d) Gotra

A. Gupta
Solution 61.
B. Chandella
The term Kosa is related to treasury, which differs
C. Chalukya from the other terms in the question that are linked
to familial aspects.
D. Pallava

List II 62. According to ancient Indian cosmogonic ideas

the sequential order of the cycle of four aeons
1. Badami
(Yugas) is [1996]
2. Panamalai
(a) Dvapara, Krita, Treta and Kali
3. Khajuraho (b) Krita, Dvapara, Treta and Kali
4. Deogarh (c) Krita, Treta, Dvapara and Kali
(d) Treta, Dvapara, Kali and Krita
Codes:
ABCD Solution 62.
9654469135

(a) 4 3 1 2 Hinduism recognizes four major epochs or 'yugas' in

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(b) 4 2 3 1 its cyclical concept of time, starting with the Krta
(Satya) Yuga, followed by Treta Yuga, Dvapara
(c) 2 3 4 1
Yuga, and concluding with the Kali Yuga.
(d) 3 4 1 2

63. Who among the following was a Brahmavadini

Solution 59.
who composed some hymns of the Vedas? [1995]
Deogarh's temple, built in the early sixth century CE
(a) Lopamudra
in Uttar Pradesh, is a quintessential example of late
Gupta architecture with a panchayatana layout, and (b) Gargi
Badami, also known as Vatapi, is famous for its (c) Leelavati
rock-cut monuments and was the capital of the (d) Savitri
Badami Chalukyas.
Solution 63.
60. The river most mentioned in early Vedic
In Hindu philosophy, a Brahmadavini is a woman
literature is [1996]
who pursues the ultimate philosophical
oslo

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

understanding of Brahman. Prominent figures who 67. Match List I with List-II and select the correct
were known as Brahmadvinis include Vak Ambhrini, answer by using the codes given below the lists:
Lopamudra, Vishwavara, Sikta, Ghosha, and [1995]
Maitreyi, the latter of whom is credited with several
hymns in the Rigveda and was married to the sage List-I (Eras)
Yajnavalkya.
A. Vikrama era
B. Saka era
64. The word ‘Hindu’ as a reference to the people
of Hind (India) was first used by [1995] C. Gupta era
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(a) the Greeks D. Kali era
(b) the Romans
List-II (Reckoned from)
(c) the Chinese
oslo
(d) the Arabs 1. 3102 B.C.
2. 320 A.D.
Solution 64.
3. 78 A.D.
The term Hindu originates from the Sanskrit word
4. 58 B.C.
Sindhu, which was the historical name for the Indus
River. The Greeks used the term Hindu to refer to 5. 248 A.D.
the people living beyond the Indus River.
Codes:
65. The name by which Asoka is generally referred ABCD
to in his inscriptions is [1995]
(a) 2 4 5 1
(a) Chakravarti (b) 1 3 2 4
(b) Dharmadeva (c) 4 5 2 3
(c) Dharmakirti (d) 4 3 2 1
(d) Priyadarsi
Solution 67.
Solution 65.
The Vikrama era is associated with the victory of
The correct option is (d). Priyadarshi was a title King Vikramaditya over the Sakas. The Saka era
adopted by Emperor Ashoka in his inscriptions. It started in 78 AD, and the Gupta Era began with
conveys his compassionate regard for others and is Chandragupta's accession in 319–320 CE. The end
often found together with Devanampriya, of the Dvapara Yuga and the start of the Kali Yuga is
indicating his status as beloved of the deities. traditionally marked by Krishna's departure, dated
to 3102 BCE.
66. In Sanskrit plays written during the Gupta
Period women and Sudras speak [1995] 68. The term Yavanapriya, mentioned in ancient
Sanskrit texts, denoted [1995]
(a) Sanskrit
(b) Prakrit (a) a fine variety of Indian muslin
(c) Pali (b) ivory
(d) Sauraseni (c) damsels sent to the Greek court for dance
performance
Solution 66. (d) pepper

The Gupta period was a golden era for Sanskrit 9654469135

literature, not just in the advancement of the
language itself but also in fostering a diverse
literary culture encompassing poetry, drama, and
other narratives.
Solution 68.
The term 'Yavanapriya' in ancient Sanskrit texts
referred to pepper, indicating its value and
desirability in trade and commerce.

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Ancient Indian History PYQs Since the Mid-1990s

69. Which one of the following dynasties was

ruling over North India at the time of Alexander's
invasion?
(a) Nanda
(b) Maurya
(c) Sunga
(d) Kanva

Solution 69.
Alexander the Great's invasion of India in 326 BC
saw him crossing the Indus River and engaging with
King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes. During
this time, the Nanda Dynasty was in power, which
was followed by the Maurya, Sunga, and Kanva
dynasties.

70. With reference to the invaders in ancient India,

which one of the following is the correct
chronological order?
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(a) Greeks – Sakas – Kushanas

(b) Greeks – Kushanas – Sakas
(c) Sakas – Greeks – Kushanas
(d) Sakas – Kushanas – Greeks
oslo

Solution 70.
Ancient India faced invasions first by the Greeks
under Alexander the Great, then by the Sakas, and
later the Kushanas. The Sakas and Kushans
established their own kingdoms, with the Kushan
realm later dividing into smaller states that were
eventually absorbed by the Sassanians.

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