Texture

- Texture in art refers to how objects would feel when touched, adding depth and dynamics to the
artwork.

- Different textures, like smoothness or roughness, evoke specific emotions and sensations in viewers.

- Artists use texture to represent various subjects, such as food in paintings, where texture enhances the
visual and sensory experience.

Perceived Texture:

- Texture is perceived through the senses.

- Tactile texture perceived through touch, such as feeling the type of material used in sculptures, like
stone or wood.

- Visual texture can be sensed visually, influencing expectations of how an object should feel.

Simulated Textures:

- Imitate real textures to create a similar tactile experience.

Invented Textures:

- Do not replicate existing surface qualities but evoke non-objective patterns.

Invented textures do not imitate real surfaces but create abstract patterns, like geometric designs in art,
to evoke unique visual experiences.

Texture and Value in Art:

- Artists enhance texture by utilizing value, which involves creating texture through light and shadow
effects.

In art, artists enhance texture by utilizing value, such as creating the texture of a rough stone wall by
varying light and shadow, or depicting the smoothness of a glass surface through reflective highlights
and shadows.

Texture in art refers to how something feels or looks like it has a certain surface quality. Artists can
enhance texture by using value, which is the lightness or darkness of a color. By playing with light and
shadow effects, artists can create the illusion of different textures in their artwork.

For example, in a painting of a rocky mountain, the artist can use darker values to create the rough
texture of the rocks, and lighter values to show the smooth texture of the sky. By using a range of
values, the artist can make the mountain look realistic and three-dimensional, even though it's just a flat
canvas.

Another example is a drawing of a fluffy cloud. The artist can use light values to show the soft and fluffy
texture of the cloud, and darker values to create shadows and depth. This contrast in values helps to
enhance the texture of the cloud and make it look more realistic.

So, by using value to create light and shadow effects, artists can enhance the texture in their artwork
and make it more visually interesting and realistic.

a. Rough and Smooth Textures:

- Uneven surfaces offer more texture than uniformly shaded ones.

- Casting shadows and reflecting light help define the shape and texture of an object.

- Observing how objects cast shadows based on their sizes and shapes influences the perceived texture.

Rough and smooth textures are all about how things feel and look. Here are some simple points to help
you understand:

1. Uneven surfaces have more texture than smooth surfaces: Imagine touching a bumpy rock compared
to a smooth marble. The bumpy rock has more texture because of its uneven surface.

2. Shadows and light play a role in defining texture: When light shines on an object, it creates shadows
and highlights. These shadows and reflections help us see the shape and texture of the object better.
3. Shadows show texture: When objects cast shadows, we can see how rough or smooth they are. The
size and shape of the object influence how the shadow looks, which affects how we perceive its texture.

Examples:

- A rough tree bark has more texture than a smooth glass surface.

- A crumpled piece of paper shows more texture with shadows and light than a flat sheet.

- A textured wall with light shining on it creates interesting shadows, highlighting its roughness.

b. Matter and Shiny Textures:

- Matter Surfaces reflect soft and dull light, seen in materials like paper, denim, unfinished wood, and
human skin.

- Shiny Surfaces reflect light more intensely, creating a spark or glow, typical in items like windows,
water surfaces, and certain car paints.

- Shiny textures generate glares when exposed to light, while matter surfaces offer a more subdued
appearance.

Sure, I can help simplify that for your report!

1. Matter and Shiny Textures:

- Matter Surfaces: These reflect soft and dull light, like what you see on paper, denim, unfinished wood,
and human skin.

- Shiny Surfaces: They reflect light more intensely, creating a sparkle or glow. You find this in things like
windows, water surfaces, and certain car paints.

- Shiny textures can cause glares when light hits them directly, while matter surfaces have a more calm
appearance.

Examples:
- When you look at a piece of paper, you see a soft reflection, which is a matter surface.

- If you look at a shiny car, you'll notice a strong reflection of light that creates a glow.

- A window reflects light brightly, showing a shiny texture, while a wooden table might have a more
subdued, matter texture.

B. Principles of Design

1. Rhythm, Patterns and Movement

- Rhythm in art is its principle that is defined by the repetition of elements or objects.

- Principle is also present in other forms of arts such as music and even poetry.

- Musical rhythm is the measure of time between musical sounds.

Understanding rhythm, patterns, and movement in art, music, and poetry can be fun and interesting.
Here's a simple explanation with examples:

1. Rhythm in Art: Rhythm in art is all about repeating elements or objects to create a sense of movement
and flow. Just like a beat in music, the repetition of shapes, colors, or lines can create a visual rhythm in
artworks.

- Example: Think of a painting with repeated patterns of circles or stripes that guide your eyes across the
canvas, creating a sense of rhythm.

2. Principle in Different Arts: The principle of rhythm is not just limited to art; it's also found in music and
poetry. In music, rhythm is the timing and pattern of sounds, like beats in a song. In poetry, rhythm is
the flow of words and syllables that create a musical quality.

- Example: In a poem, the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables creates a rhythmic flow,
similar to the beat of a drum in music.
3. Musical Rhythm: Musical rhythm is all about the timing between musical sounds. It's like the
heartbeat of a song that keeps it moving forward. The pattern of beats and pauses creates the groove
and feel of a piece of music.

- Example: In a catchy song, the repeated rhythm of the drumbeat sets the pace and makes you want to
dance along, showing how rhythm influences movement and emotions in music.

By understanding rhythm, patterns, and movement in different art forms, you can appreciate how
repetition and flow play a crucial role in creating engaging and dynamic compositions.

Visual Rhythm

- This is the kind of rhythm that is created by the sense

Linear Rhythm

Visual rhythm is like a beat or pattern we see in art or design. Here's a simple explanation for your
report:

- Visual Rhythm: It's the rhythm we feel when looking at a piece of art or design. It's like the flow or
movement our eyes follow across the artwork.

- Linear Rhythm: This type of rhythm is created by lines in the artwork. The lines can be straight, curved,
or zigzag, leading our eyes in a certain direction.

Examples:

- In a painting, the lines of a fence or a road can create a linear rhythm that guides our eyes through the
artwork.

- In a pattern design, repeated lines or shapes can create a sense of movement and rhythm for the
viewer.

- A photograph with leading lines like a pathway or a river can create a linear rhythm that draws our
eyes into the image.
Pattern

- Rhythm can be applied in the two-dimensional space called Patterns.

- Examples of pattern are stripe that may be vertical or horizontal.

- Three-dimensional arts such as sculpture and architecture their motifs are also called modules.

Types of Rhythm and Pattern

a. Random

- Motifs may be placed randomly across the space.

- This is characterized by the lack of regularity in the spaces in between.

b. Regular

- Opposite to random patterns

- regular patterns are characterized by having identical beats, motifs and intervals of space between
them.

c. Alternating

- This type of rhythm employs two types of beat or motive.

- first and second beats are usually arranged in alternating distances or intervals.
d. Progressive

- Patterns or rhythms portray change in beat every time it is repeated.

- The changes are steady.

Balance

- Art and its forms must contain a certain type of balance.

- This is the principle of art by ensuring that all elements of art are accorded with equal force

Formal Balance

- There is considerable formal balance when elements are shared equally in both sides of the symmetry.

- Formal balance demonstrates equal rigor, strength, or weight on each side regardless of the number of
elements found each side.

- For example, the choice of clothing that you wear may require it to be symmetrical to create a
balanced shape.
Radial Balance

- This is a type of balance where the design of the art piece radiates from the central point and an
outward direction.

- An example of radial balance is the mandala.

- Mandala is a representation of personality in the theory of Analytic Psychology of Carl Jung.

- For him, a healthy personality is defined by balance of all forces, hence, a radiating or radial balance

Informal Balance

- There are artist that choose to portray a more casual and less planned art.

How to Present Informal Balance in Art

- Artist usually consider the placement of the objects and elements and put them accordingly to
emphasize the imbalance.

- Artist do not only use this as aesthetic but also a part of the story telling and meaning extraction
process.

a. Size and Contour

- There may be arts that have competing sizes of elements such as one thick line over several lines, one
large circle over small circles, etc.

- Contours are also a way of showing informal balance.

- Caricatures are examples of how contours can emphasize informal balance such as having a big head
over a small body, or a big nose and eyes on a small face.

b. Color
- To activate informal balance, emphasizing a specific color may create this expression.

- Examples of these are the book covers of Fifty Shades of Grey of E.L. James that seek to emphasize the
Grey elements of the book cover

c. Value

- Contrasting the value of objects and background can create formal imbalance.

- For example, when you are tasked to create a certificate employing informal balance, you may choose
to have a blank white sheet of paper with emphasized red slab on the left side.

d. Texture

- Creating a rough texture of pattern, highlight or shadows create informal balance.

e. Position

- In visual art, a large object near the dominant area of the work can be balanced by a smaller object
placed farther away from the dominant area.

- In this way, a large, positive shape and a small, negative space can be balanced against a small, positive
shape and a large, negative space.