Jurnal Bahan dan Metode Sintesis
Green approach to synthesize,
spectral investigation and biological
applications of potentially active
ternary schiff base copper(II)
complexes (Dinesh Karthik et al.,
2020)
Hasil Sintesis dan Karakterisasi
- Penggerusan
- The amino acids (tyrosine,
isoleucine), KOH and 2,4-
dihydroxy benzaldehyde of
equimolar quantity (4 mmol) were
taken in a mortar and grinded for
ten minutes with a pestle at room
temperature. The white or light-
weight yellow colour paste is
created that change to a strong
powder on nonstop granulating
for 20–30 min.
- 226–254 nm relates to π → π* shift
Penjelasan Lain
FTIR: Absorption band for 1,10-
phenanthroline saw at 1514 cm-1
and for thiourea at 3145 cm-1.
Further the bands observed around
540– 514 cm-1 can be ascribed to t
(Cu–N) linkage in addition to
around 487–443 cm-1 v(Cu–O)
linkage respectively.
UV-Vis: The ternary schiff base
copper(II) complexes showed
absorption bands within the vary
of phenyl group. The assimilation
band saw within the vary of 360–
407 nm are due to n- π * shift due to
–CH = N- group [16]. UV–Visible
spectra of all Cu(II) complexes
showed weak intensity combination
band next to 602, 608, 611 and 624
nm are owing to d-d shift. From
the electronic spectrum info, all
Cu(II) complexes have distorted
square pyramidal geometry.
Produk Target
- UV-Vis: The ternary schiff base Distorted square pyramidal
copper(II) complexes showed geometry
absorption bands within the vary
226–254 nm relates to p-p* shift of
phenyl group. The assimilation
band saw within the vary of 360–
407 nm are due to n-p* shift due to
–CH = N- group. UV–Visible spec-
tra of all Cu(II) complexes showed
weak intensity combination band
next to 602, 608, 611 and 624 nm
are owing to d-d shift.
- FTIR: Infra-red spectra of copper(II)
complex obtained from template
method showed a strong
absorption band at 1616–1597 cm-
1 individually attributable to the
corresponding azomethine
nitrogen bonding eith copper metal
atom. A wide band in the area
3483– 3203 cm-1 is because of
phenolic OH group . An absorption
band saw in 1328–1377 cm-1 range
is transferable to the symmetric
stretch of –COOH cluster.
Asymmetric stretch (vasCOO-) was
seen in the range of 1539–1587
cm-1. Difference in asymmetric and
symmetric stretching frequencies
[Dt =(vasCOO- - vsCOO-)] were seen
as high when compare to free
COO– (177 cm-1). Likewise the
phenolic C-O vibrations are 1246–
1220 cm?1 recommend the
coordination of ligand with copper.
Carboxylic acid proton andhy-
droxyl proton is deprotonated by a

Synthesis, Spectral Characterisation
and MIC Evaluation of Schiff Base
Ligands Derived from o-Vanillin
(Govindaraj & Rasikamary, 2018)
LIGAN 1
- O-vanillin (0.002 mol, 2.1342 g)
and p-toluidine (0.002 mol, 3.0430
g) dissolved separately in ethanol
and were mixed in RB flask
- Direfluks selama 3 jam lebih di
atas waterbath
- Didinginkan hingga senyawa
berwarna oranye terpisah lalu
difiltrasi
- Dicuci dengan sedikit alkohol dan
akuades lalu dikeringkan
LIGAN 2
- O-vanillin (0.01 mole, 1.52 g) and
2-aminobenzoic acid (0.01 moles,
1.367 g) were dissolved separately
in ethanol.
- The o-vanillin solution was added
drop wise.
- Lalu distirrer selama 1 jam.
- Pelarut diuapkan lalu didingankan
pada suhu ruang hingga senyawa
berwarna merah terpisah.
strong base KOH. Of the two – OH
groups present in the 2,4-dihydroxy
benzaldehyde, the –OH group
which is ortho to aldehyde is more
acidic. Hence it is easily
deprotonated and the oxygen
involves in the coordination of the
Cu–O linkage. Absorption band for
1,10-phenanthroline saw at 1514
cm-1 and for thiourea at 3145
cm?1. Further the bands observed
around 540 – 514 cm?1 can be
ascribed to t (Cu–N) linkage in
addition to around 487–443 cm-1 t
(Cu–O) linkage respectively 3.5.
LIGAN 1 LIGAN 1: 2-methoxy-6-((p-
- Bentuk: solid/serbuk tolylimino)methyl) phenol
- Warna: oranye LIGAN 2: 2-((2-hydroxy-3-
- % Yield: 80% methoxybenzylidene) amino)benzoic
- MPA: 91oC acid
- FTIR: 1585 cm-1 corresponds to ν LIGAN 3: 3-methoxy-4-((3-
(>C=N-) hydroxyphenylimino) methyl) phenol
- UV-vis: two absorption maxima at
321.22 nm (35587 cm-1) and
281.25 (31153 cm-1) which may be
assigned to π-π* and n-σ*
transition respectively.
- HNMR: δ 8.9 ppm suggesting the
presence of –CH=N-
LIGAN 2
- Bentuk: solid/serbuk
- Warna: Brick merah
- % Yield: 79%
- MPA: 99Oc
- FTIR: 1602 cm-1 is assigned to the
overlap of ν (C=O) and ν (>C=N-)
stretching frequencies.

Importance of the Applicability of O-
Vanillin Schiff Base Complexes:
Review (Hassan & Said, 2021)
- Dicuci dengan sedikit metanol lalu
dikeringkan.
LIGAN 3
- O-vanillin (0.002 mole) and 3-
aminophenol (0.002 mole)
dissolved separately in ethanol are
mixed in RB flask and heated.
- Di refluks selama 4 jam di atas
waterbath.
- Campuran didinginkan hingga
senyawa berwarna terpisahkan.
- Difiltrasi lalu dibilas dengan sedikit - % Yield: 84%
metanol dan dikeringkan.
- Progress diamati dengan TLC
- (>C=N-) and ν (>C=O) (phenolic)
Keutamaan sintesisi basa Schiff
berbahan dasar o-vanilin
- O-vanilin memiliki gugus
fungsional eter, aldehid, fenol
yang membuatnya menjadi
- UV-Vis: three bands at 276 nm
(36232 cm-1) suggesting the
presence of π-π* transition, 315
nm (31746 cm-1) and 356 nm
(28090 cm-1).
- HNMR: at δ 8.85 ppm is assigned to
(-CH=N-)
LIGAN 3
- Bentuk: solid/serbuk
- Warna: dark oranye
- MPA: 140Oc
- FTIR: 1603 cm-1 corresponds to ν
displayed at 1460 cm-1. The broad
band ranges from 3403- 3474 cm-1
which is the characteristic
frequency of hydrogen bonded ν
(O-H).
- UV-Vis: at 210.38 nm, 228.48 nm,
310.22 nm at the frequency of
47431 cm-1, 43767 cm-1 and
32235 cm-1 could be assigned to π-
π* and n-σ* transitions are due
aromatic part of ligands of
azomethine linkage in the Schiff
Bases.
- HNMR: at δ8.8 ppm a single peak
CH=N- linkage.
Ligan larut di DMSO dan DMF tapi
tidak larut di eter.
- % Yield: 44,6% 3-Amino-2-methyl-4-quinazolinone Importance of the Applicability of O-
- MPA: 150-152o Vanillin Schiff Base Complexes:
- TLC (thin layer chromatography) Review (Hassan & Said, 2021)
- FTIR BS: imine C=N str (1662 cm-1)
- MS: molecular ion m/z 267.31

Green synthesis of a vanadium(V)
Schiff base complex by grinding
method: study on its catalytic
and anti-bacterial activity (Boruah et
al., 2021)
senyawa yang ideal untuk banyak NMR: singlet N= CH-C6H5 at δ 2.7
reaksi organic (benzylic carbon), absence of (NH)
- O-vanilin dikenali dengan posisi amino proton shift from 3-7ppm
gugus hidroksi pada orto di antara confirms the formation of Schiff
gugus aldehid an metoksi, yang base.
membuat basa Schiff dari o-vanilin
bersifat lebih stabil, lebih mudah
dan cepat untuk mengkelat
dengan kebanyakan ion logam.
- Bidentat dapat dihasilkan dari
reaksi kondensasi dengan senyawa
monoamine, sedangkan
tetradentate dan polidentat
menggunakan o-vanilin dengan
senyawa diamine (2:1).
- Fungsi sebagai antibakteri,
antikanker, antijamur, antioksidan,
dll
-
-
- Penggerusan Yield: 98%
- Na[VO2L] was synthesized by the
LAG method. H2L (0.25 g, 0.80
mmol) and 0.25 mL of
methanol/DMSO (1:1 mixture)
were mixed in a mortar and pestle
to make a pasty mass.
Subsequently, VOSO45H2O (0.20
g, 0.80 mmol) and NaOH (0.064 g,
1.60 mmol) were added and
ground at room temperature. The
progress of the reaction was
monitor by TLC. After 30 min of
grinding, the reaction mixture was
allowed to stand in the mortar for
an additional 15 min with
occasional grinding. The initial
green color of the reaction
mixture became yellowish brown.

Syntheses, Crystal Structures and
Kinetic Mechanisms of Thermal
Decomposition of Rare Earth
Complexes with Schiff Base
Derived from o -Vanillin and p -
Tohidine (Zhao et al., 2006)
Design of New Schiff-Base Copper(II)
Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal
Structures, DFT Study, and Binding
Potency toward Cytochrome
P450 3A4 (Yusuf et al., 2021)
The product thus obtained was
washed with hexane (3 5 mL) and
dried under vacuum to get a
powdery product. Isolated yield
98%. Attempts were made to
isolate single crystals suitable for
X-ray structural analysis, but were
not successful.
- Refluks Yield Complex 1: 45%
- Complex 1 : A ethanol solution
( 10 ml) of Pr(NO3)3*6H20 (1.0
mmol, 0.44 g) was added
dropwise into an ethanol solution Yield Complex 2: 40%
(40 ml) Schiff base ligand (2.0
mmol , 0.48 g) with continuous
stirring and refluexed for 2 h, then Yield Complex 3: 50%
the clear orange red mixture
solution was formed. The orange
red crystals of complexes ( 1 )
suitable for structure
determination were isolated at
room temperature 8 d later,
washed with absolute ethanol,
dried in air (Yield : 45 % )
- Stirrer - % Yield: 84% - FTIR: It appeared between 1559 These values signify the degree of
- The complexes synthesized at - FTIR: the complexes 1−3, which are and 1552 cm−1 in the HL and deformity of the square planar
ambient temperatures under the ν(C=N), ν(C−O), ν(M−O), and shifted to 1550−1545 cm−1 in the geometry in the Cu(II) complexes
magnetic stirring of a methanolic ν(M−N). The stretching band of complexes. This shift indicates the bearing ortho-substituted Schiff-
solution containing Schiff-base ν(C=N) displayed a red shift in the involvement of azomethine base ligands. In all of the
ligands and copper acetates complexes’ spectra compared to nitrogen during coordination. This compounds, Cu−O bond distances
[Cu(OAc)2·H2O] in a 2:1 molar ratio those for the ligands. lower shift might be inherent from were relatively shorter than Cu−N
gave an air-stable brown solid in - UV-Vis: a weakening in the C=N bond after distances, and this observation is
good yield (84%). The spectra majorly showed two complexation; we could explain this closely related to similar compounds
- The precipitate formed was then absorption bands in the UV region based on the donation of an in the literature.
collected by filtration and washed between 287-300 nm and 381-387 electron from the imine nitrogen to
thoroughly with ethanol. nm. the copper ion empty d-orbital. The
- XRD: analysis reveals that ν(C−O) stretching vibrational bands
complexes 1 and 3 crystallize in a in the complexes shifted to a region
monoclinic space group C2/c and 2 of higher wavenumber. They were

Imidazole Schiff base ligands:
Synthesis, coordination complexes
and biological activities (McGinley et
al., 2013)
- Stirrer
- To a solution of the appropriate
ligand (2.18 mmol) in dry
methanol (17 mL) was added,
dropwise, a solution of
Cu(ClO4)26H2O (0.55 mmol) in
in a triclinic space group P1̅, each
adopting a square planar geometry
around the metal center.
- The complex showed good
solubility in chloroform,
dichloromethane, acetonitrile,
dimethylformamide (DMF),
toluene, and dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO). However, it is insoluble in
ether, methanol, ethanol, and
heptane
- UV-Vis explanation: Studies showed
- % Yield [Cu(L2)4](ClO4)2: 48%
IR (KBr): v = 3446, 3130, 1622,
1539, 1450, 1404,1329, 1278,
1237, 1203, 1092, 833, 759 cm-1.
LC/TCOF-MS: Calc. for
observed in the wavelength
1227−1220 cm−1 and showed blue
shifts of about 2−7 cm−1 relative to
the parent ligands. The ν(C C)
vibrational bands for the aromatic
ring appeared between 1605 and
1553 cm−1 in all three complexes.
The bands at 477−444 cm−1 in the
spectra assigned to ν (M−O) and
ν(M−N) stretching bands,
respectively, indicate the
phenoxide (O−) and imine (C=N)
groups of HL coordinated to Cu(II)
ions.
the assignment of the observed
intense high-energy band of 287
and 300 nm to the π → π*
intraligand charge transfer (ILCT)
transition, while the band observed
at around 381 and 387 nm was
attributed to the ligand-to-metal
charge transfer (LMCT) transition.
In a high-concentration solution of
the complex, a very weak broad
band also appeared between 723
and 757 nm in the electronic
spectra, and the authors assigned
this to d−d transitions (2 Eg → 2
T2g) for Cu(II) complexes having a
tetragonal distortion geometry due
to the Jahn−Teller effect.
 dry methanol (2 mL) with constant
stirring. The green suspension was
then stirred for 3 h at room
temperature. The resulting solid
was removed by filtration and
washed with cold ethanol and air-
dried to yield either a green or a
blue solid.
C26H29CuN6O2 [Cu(2)2]+ 521.1.
Found: 521.2%. leff: 2.53 B.M.
- % Yield [Cu(L3)2](ClO4)2: 50%
v = 3132, 2945, 1643, 1521, 1456,
1346, 1297, 1239, 1092,
830, 752 cm-1
- % Yield [Cu(L4)2](ClO4)2: 51%
v = 3384, 3123, 2939, 1621, 1524,
1455, 1237, 1089, 1027, 951, 762
cm-1

- % Yield [Cu(L5)2](ClO4)2: 60%

v = 3267, 3139, 2946, 1635, 1579,
1518, 1451, 1352, 1314,
1280, 1239, 1099, 956, 827, 735
cm-1

- % Yield [Cu(L6)2](ClO4)2: 65%

m = 3436, 3144, 2950, 1633, 1523,
1485, 1452,
- 1418, 1359, 1289, 1239, 1095, 950,
827, 769 cm-1

Schiff Base–Copper(II) Complexes: - Reflux

Synthesis, Spectral Studies and
Anti-tubercular and Antimicrobial
Activity (Tajudeen & Kannappan,
2016)
- Hydrazide (2 mmol) and
dimethoxy benzaldehyde (2 mmol)
were taken together in ethanol
(30 ml) and refluxed for 0.5 h after
which copper(II) acetate (1 mmol)
in ethanol was added, and
refluxing was continued for
another 3-4 h. Finally, sodium
perchlorate (2 mmol) in water was
added as a counter ion and
refluxing was continued for some
time. Upon cooling, copper(II)
complex precipitated out. It was

Synthesis And Characterization Of
Schiff Base And Its Transition Metal
Complexes Derived From 3-
Ethoxysalicylaldehyde And P-
Toluidine (Sirumalar et al., 2021)
filtered, washed thoroughly with
ethanol and dried. All other
complexes were synthesized in an
identical manner. The synthesized
complexes were green colored
solids and found to be highly
stable under laborator conditions
to be stored for a long time.
- Reflux
- To a hot ethanolic solution (20ml)
of respective metal chlorides (0.05
mol) is added with the hot
solution corresponding 2-((p-
tolylimino)-6-ethoxyphenol (EST-L)
(0.05 mol) in ethanol (20ml) and
the reaction mixture is refluxed for
about 5-6 hrs on the mantle with
a water condenser and then
cooled with an ice bath. The
obtained colored solid precipitates
are collected by filtration washed
with a sufficient quantity of
ethanol and are dried in a hot air
oven
- [Cu(EST)2(H2O)2] The typical yield
67%; Solid; FTIR (KBr, cm-1):
3425(H2O), 1637(HC=N), 1244(C-
O), 575(M-O), 492(M-N);
Analytical: C-63.20, H-5.97, N-4.61;
Found: C-62.19, H-5.82, N-4.82.
FTIR: Due to the azomethine, the IR Distorted octahedral geometry
spectra of the ligand exhibit a strong
band at 1660 cm-1. A shift of this
band towards lower frequency by
20-30 cm-1 in all the complexes
suggests that the azomethine
nitrogen coordination to the metal
centers. The ligand 2-((p-tolylimino)-
6-ethoxyphenol (EST-L) IR spectrum
shows a band at 3048 cm-1 which
corresponds to the phenolic ν(OH)
group. OH phenolic group bands
disappear in the complexes which
indicate the coordination of phenolic
oxygen to the metal atom.
Further, a strong sharp band
characteristic of ν(C-O) in the region
1251 cm-1 observed in the free
Schiff base ligand was shifted to
lower frequencies 1244–1238 cm-1
in the metal complexes. To ν(M-N)
the presence of a new band around
495–490 cm-1 is assignable. The
emergence of the new band in the
region of 530-580 cm-1 in all the
complexes is due to ν(M-O).
UV-Vis: The banding range 412–665
nm is assigned in the spectra of
metal complexes to LMCT and d-d
transition respectively. In respect of

Synthesis and crystal structure of the
copper(II) complex with novel Schiff
base ligand: Cu(C8H7O2N)2(OH2)
(Kong et al., 1999)
Synthesis, Characterization of Cu (II)
Schiff base complexes: Optical and
Magnetic Studies (Rani et al., 2018)
- Stirrer
- 0.1 mmol Cu(CH3COO)2H2O and
0.1 mmol potassium salt of o-
vaniline-α-alanine Schiff base
were mixed together in 10 mL
water and stirred at 50C
overnight. Dark green deposits
were filtered and recrystallized
from N,N-dimethyl formamide
(DMF)/acetone. The crystal
products formed from the DMF
solution with ether slowly
diffusing.
- Stirrer
- 50 ml of Ethylenediamine and 25
ml of 4-Anisaldehyde were
dissolved in methanol with
continuous stirring. 10 mg amino
acids of L-proline was dissolved in
ethanol and added drop by drop
into above solution. Both the
solution was stirred at room
temperature for 5 hrs. The pale
blue color of the product was
filtered and dried. Then 100 mg of
ligand2-((p-tolylimino)-6-
ethoxyphenol (EST-L), the absence of
these charge transfer bands
confirms the coordination of metal
complexes. In the UV part of the
spectrum as well as in the visible
part, the colored complexes exhibit a
series of the overlapping absorption
band. A distorted octahedral
geometry is shown by the metal
complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II)
and the Zn(II) complex shows
distorted square planar as a stable
geometry.
Tetragonal pyramidal polyhedron
FTIR: FT-IR spectrum obtained for Cu
(II) Schiff base complexes. The
broader peak appears at 3446
cm-1 is response to the stretching of
O-H. The chromium Schiff base
complex shows an IR band at 1625
cm-1 assigned to ν(CH=N), and a
new vibration band appeared at 480
cm-1 is due to metal nitrogen bond
ν(Cu-N) and the band appeared at
620 cm-1 is due to metal oxygen

Synthesis, characterization of new
copper (ii) Schiff base and 1,10
phenanthroline complexes and study
of their bioproperties (Reddy et al.,
2016)
the Cu (NO3)2 3.H2O solution was
added to the 50 mg of ligand. The
metal solution was vigorously
stirred with ligand for 1hrs. Finally
Cu (II) Schiff base complexes of
the product were filtered and
dried. Cu (II) Schiff base complexes
were recrystallized using
methanol.
- Stirrer
- To a methanolic solution (10 mL)
of 2-hydroxy-1-
naphthaldehyde(0.172 g, 3.0
mmol) and amino acids [(L-
phenylalanine (0.166 g,1 mmol)
for 1, L-tyrosine (0.181 g,1 mmol)
for 2, and L-tryptophan (0.204 g,1
mmol) for 3], were added
potassium hydroxide (0.06 g, 1
mmol) in 10 mL water. The
resulting solution was refluxed for
3 h. To the above reaction
mixture, an aqueous solution of
copper acetate monohydrate
(0.199 g, 1 mmol) was added drop
wise and stirred for 2 h
continuously. To this mixture a
methanolic solution of
heterocyclic base (0.198 g phen, 1
mmol) was added drop wise and
stirred for another 5 h at room
temperature which resulted in a
light green precipitate. The
solution was filtered and the
precipitate was dried.
bond ν(Cu-O). The sharp peak
appears at 1326 cm-1 is due to
presence of N-H.
UV-Vis: The electronic absorption
spectral analysis of metal complex
exhibit the absorption bands at 290
nm, 340 nm.First peak at 290 nm is
due to π→π ‫ ٭‬electronic transition in
the phenyl ring. The other band is
corresponding to the d-d electronic
transition in copper (II) metal ion.
Yield: 73% (0.430 g) for 1, 72.7% Square pyramidal geometry,
(0.425 g) for 2, and 74% (0.449 g) for
3.
FTIR: The peaks corresponding to
the ring stretching frequencies ν (C =
C) and ν (C = N), at 1504 cm−1, 1421
cm−1, of free phen were shifted to
higher frequencies upon
complexation, 1512 cm−1, 1425
cm−1, for (1), 1514 cm−1, 1413
cm−1 for (2), and 1512 cm−1, 1421
cm−1 for (3) respectively, suggesting
the coordination of the heterocyclic
nitrogen atoms to the metal ion. The
characteristic out of plane hydrogen
bending modes of free phen
observed at 853 cm−1, 738 cm−1,
were shifted to 844 cm−1, 727 cm−1
for (1) 848 cm−1, 727 cm−1 for (2)
and 829 cm−1, 725 cm−1, for (3)
respectively upon metal
complexation. The non-ligand peaks
at 542 cm−1, 457cm1, for (1), 543
cm−1, 453 cm−1 for (2) and 522
cm−1, 453 cm−1 for (3) were

Synthesis, XRD and spectroscopic
characterization of
pharmacologically active Cu(II) and
Zn(II) complexes (Gull & Hashmi,
2017)
- Reflux
- An ethanolic solution of metal (II)
chloride (1 mmol) was stirred with
an ethanolic solution of the Schiff
base (L) (1 mmol) and ethanolic
solution of benzene-1,2-diamine
(1 mmol) for 1 h and the mixture
was then refluxed for 3 h on a
water bath. The solid complexes
were precipitated and the
precipitate was filtered off,
washed thoroughly with ethanol
and dried in vacuo.
- Reflux
- The ethanol solvent is cheap,
available, and less toxic than other
solvents. Ethanol dissolves the
ligand at boiling temperature and
due to its miscibility with water, it
is suitable for the synthesis of the
complex. To the solution of N–N′
-(1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-
diylidene)bis(3-
Nitrobenzohydrazide) (1 mmol,
540 mg) in ethanol (100 mL),
CuSO4·5H2O (1 mmol, 250 mg)
dissolved in distilled water (10 mL)
was added. The above reaction
mixture was stirred and heated
under reflux for six hours. After
assigned to ν (Cu–N) & ν (Cu–O)
stretching vibrations respectively
Uv–vis absorption spectra of 1–3 in
pure MeOH (Fig. S2; ESI), show a
broad band centered at 655 nm
(15,267 cm−1), 662 nm (15,105
cm−1)
[Cu(L)]: Yield: 69%. Anal. Calc. (%) for
(C26H22CuN6O5) (562 g mol1): C,
55.56; H 3.95; N, 14.95. Found: C,
54.10; H 3.88; N, 13.90. FT-IR (KBr),
cm1: ʋ(NeH) 3342, ʋ(C]N) 1610,
ʋ(C]O) 1710, v(NO) 1610, ʋ(MeN)
446. 1H NMR (d-CDCl3): 9.0 (s, NH);
3.92 (s, eNH2); 7.10e8.0 (m, Ar-H)
ppm. UV/Vis (DMSO, lmax (nm): 642,
508. MS (m/z): 561 [M]+.
The IR Spectra of ligand and its Square planar
metal complexes were obtained
on a Perkin-Elmer Series 2000
apparatus in the range
4000-200 cm-1. The infrared spectra
of the synthesised primary
Schiff base ligand (Fig. S1) shows the
absorption band at 1625 cm1
corresponds to the imine (>C=N)
group [21] and a strong band at
1710 cm1 corresponding to the
>C=O group which confirms the
complete condensation of the two
reacting moieties. In addition to
these peaks an absorption bands
observed in the region of

Synthesis, characterization,
and nonlinear optical properties
of copper (II) ligand Schif
base complexes derived
from 3‐Nitrobenzohydrazide
and benzyl (Tahmasbi et al., 2023)
Synthesis, Spectroscopic
Characterization, and Biological
Activities ofMetal Complexes of 4-
((4-Chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-2-((p-
tolylimino)methyl)phenol (Anitha et
al., 2013)
completion of the reaction, the
formed precipitate was fltered of
and rinsed with ethanol and dried,
and after that, recrystallized using
ethanol.
- Refluks
- 80◦C for 3 h (yield = 3.8 g, 86.95%).
Refluks
To the solution of N–N′-(1,2-
diphenylethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-
Nitrobenzohydrazide) (1 mmol, 540
mg) in ethanol (100 mL),
CuSO4·5H2O (1 mmol, 250 mg)
dissolved in distilled water (10 mL)
was added. Te above reaction
mixture was stirred and heated
under refux for six hours.
Synthesis of Metal(II) Complexes. To
a solution of (0.70 g, 2 mmol) 4-((4
chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-2-
((ptolylimino)methyl)phenol
(CDTMP) in 20 mL ethanol was
added 1 mmol of metal salt
(CuCl2⋅2H2O). The solution was
stirred for 1 h at room temperature,
and the coloured complexes
precipitated upon concentration was
filtered, washed with ethanol, and
3340-3330 cm-1 and 1500-1630 cm-1
are assigned to the –NH group and –
NO group present in the ligand.
While as in case of metal complexes
(Fig. S2) the strong band at 1625
cm1 is shifted to lower frequency
numbers by 15-5 cm-1 leading to the
confirmation of coordination
through the imino (>C=N) group to
the metal atom in complexes. Also
there is an occurrence of new bands
in the region 460-420 cm-1 which has
been attributed to M-N bonds
respectively [22]. The IR spectral
bands of metal complexes are
summarized in Table 2.
- The final solid was dried in oven at
- C28H24CuN6O12S
- Colour: dark green
- Yield: 0.61 g, 83%
- m.p.: 184–186 °C
- IR (KBr, cm−1): 3205, 3079, 3057,
1682, 1525, 1348, 1263, 1150,
1067, 754, 716, 689
- FTIR metal kompleks: C=N (1606), The absorption at 14265 cm−1 with - Square planar [Cu(CDTMP)2] (L15)
C-O (1300), N=N (1482), M-N (584), high molar intensity (1100 L mol−1 [Cu(4-((4-klorofenil)dianzenil)-2-
M-O (590) cm −1) of copper(II) complex (𝐋𝟏𝟓) is ((p-tolilimino)metil)fenol)]
- Mp complex: 298-300 tentatively assigned to 2B1g → 2A1g
- m/z ion: 759 transition suggesting square planar
geometry. An additional band
appears at 22573 and 25706 cm−1
which may be due to intraligand
charge transfer (INCT) in the UV
region, and the molar extinction
coefficient (1800, 1845 L mol−1 cm −1)

Investigation of molecular structure
and solvent/temperature effect on
tautomerism in (E)-4,6-dibromo-3-
methoxy-2-[(p-tolylimino)methyl]
phenol, a new thermochromic Schiff
base, by using XRD, FT-IR, UV–vis,
NMR and DFT methods (Kaştaş et al.,
2019)
Schiff bases and schiff base metal
complexes: from syntheses to
applications (Elom, 2016)
dried under vacuum. The
oxovanadium complex was
synthesized from the ligand and
oxovanadium sulfate by adopting
the above method under reflux for 3
h and concentrating the solution
through rotoevaporation. The yield
obtained was 60–70%.
Refluks
Sintesis BS: The title compound was
synthesized with condensation
reaction of 3,5-dibrom-2-hydroxy-6-
methoxybenzeldehyde (0.2 g, 0.65
mmol) and p-toluidine (0.07 g, 0.65
mmol). The resulting solid after
reflux for 1 h was filtered, washed
and dried. The suitable crystals of
the com
of charge transfer transitions is
higher than the d-d transition. The
magnetic moment value 2.01 B.M.
falls within the range normally
observed for square planar Cu(II)
complexes
- % Yield BS: 80%
- MP BS: 164-166
- FTIR
- UV-Vis
- XRD
- NMR
- DFT
Ramasamy et al (2010) studied the
antimicrobial activities of complexes
of tridentate Schiff base ligands
containing pyrazolone moiety
and observed that metal complexes
of Vo(II), Cu(II), Fe(III) and Co(II) with
the ligand showed enhanced
antibacterial activity against
staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
Coli, and antifungal activity against
C. albicans, Rhizopus Sp, Aspergillus
niger. Metal complexes of 2 –
thiophenicarboxaldehyde and 2-
aminobenzoic acid have been noted
(Roy et al.,2007) to posses antitumor
activities. Also Schiff bases derived
from gossypol and silver complexes

Spectral, magnetic and thermal
characterization of new Ni(II),
Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes
with a bischelate Schiff base (Olar et
al., 2017)
Among these species, a special
attention has been paid to the
chemistry of Schiff bases containing
supplementary donor atoms beside
azomethine nitrogen in suitable
positions in the molecule that allow
a stabile chelate ring formation.
Complexes with such ligand usually
can be obtained either by direct
synthesis or by template
condensation.
Some species derived from
functionalised aromatic car-
bonyl [9–30] and/or aromatic
amines derivatives behave as
effective and stereospecific catalysts
for a variety of reactions that involve
both inorganic and organic
compounds. Moreover, some
complexes display antimicrobial,
cytotoxic, SOD-like behavior or
antiviral activity. The activity was
correlated with the ligand and
metallic ions specificity. The
complexes exhibit an enhanced
activity in comparison with the free
ligand. Thermal behavior was
studied, both in dry air and nitrogen,
of Schiff bases have been noted to
show high antiviral activity (Anant
and Devjani,2011). It has been noted
that fluorination on aldehyde part of
Schiff bases enhances insect
acracicidal activity and Schiff bases
derived from sulphur thiadizole and
salicylaldehyde and their complexes
exhibit high toxicity against insects
(Anant and Devjani,2011).
Tetradentate ligand (H2L) having a [Cu2LCl2] : π → π*
divergent ONNO donor atom set was
synthesized by [1 + 2] condensation
of 3,3’-dimethylbenzidine with o-
vanillin in ethanol as reported.
Nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II), and
cadmium(II) complexes with Schiff
base were obtained from refluxing
an ethanol solution of ligand and
hydrated metal(II) (M: Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd)
chloride in a 1:2 molar ratio, in the
pres-
ence of triethylamine.
For the anhydrous species the
beginning temperature of
the thermal decomposition
increases in order Cu(II)<Ni(II)
<Zn(II)<Cd(II). This behavior could be
correlated with the ionic radius
increasing which leads to relaxation
of the steric impediments in a
tetrahedral stereochemistry.

Chitosan-based Schiff base-metal
complexes (Mn, Cu, Co)
as heterogeneous, new catalysts for
the β-isophorone oxidation (Thatte
et al., 2014)
for some complexes with ligands
derived from o-vanillin or 3,3‘-
dimethylbenzidine.
These studies show the presence of
the (crystallization and/ or
coordination) water molecules as
well as the Schiff base pyrolysis in
one or more steps depending on
metallic ion and Schiff base
structure.
The vibrations of O–H and N–H
groups of chitosan-Schiff base
compound IC appeared at
3455 cm−1 which was shifted to
lower wavelength for the
corresponding metal complexes,
indicating the involvement of oxygen
in the formation of metal com-
plex. A red shift was observed for a
strong band C=N, which was shifted
to lower frequency in case of metal
complexes. The C–O vibrations of
Schiff base IC at 1214 cm−1 was
weakened in the case of catalysts,
indicating that hydroxyl hydrogen is
replaced by metal to form Schiff
base-metal complex. The char-
acteristic CH2-CH2 bands of the
corresponding metal complex ID
showed shift at 1461 cm−1, 1411
cm−1. All the IR data suggest that
the metal was bonded to the Schiff
bases through the phenolic oxygen
and the imino nitrogen. Medium
bands were observed at 610 cm−1,
608 cm−1, 661 cm−1 in the spectra
of ID, ID, ID. These were assigned to

Synthesis, spectral, antimicrobial
and antitumor assessment of Schiff
base derived from 2-
aminobenzothiazole and its
transition metal complexes
the metal-oxygen stretching
vibration in each of these chelates.
Refluks
Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes were
prepared by mixing an ethano-
lic (20 mL) solutionof L (2 mmol)
withmetal salts (1 mmol),namely,
CuCl2·2H2O and FeCl3·6H2O in EtOH
(10 mL) with continuous stir-
ring. The mixture was then refluxed
for 6–8 h. The solution was
concentrated. The solid products
obtained were filtered, washed
with cold ethanol and dried in
vacuum. Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes
were prepared by mixing the Schiff
base (2 mmol) with metal salts,
namely, Ni(AcO)2·4H2O and
Zn(AcO)2, in the solid state and
melted in oil bath for 6–8 h. After
cooling, the solid was finely ground
and washed with diethyle ether.
FTIR: In vitro potential cytotoxicity of
Cu-BS Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes
vCH aromatic: 3056,2980 was tested against cervical
vC=N: 1572 (thiazole) carcinoma (HELA) and breast
vC=C: 1540,1463 carcinoma (MCF 7). The relation
VC=N: 1647 between surviving fraction and
VHC=N: 1013 drug concentration is plotted to get
VC-S-C: 706 the survival curve of each
VM-N: 555 tumor cell line, Fig. 4, IC50 values
VM-O: 502 are cited in Table 5. The results
VM-S:426 of the cytotoxic assays showed that
VM-Cll:288 the complexes have signif-
icant bioactivity towards human
HELA cell lines than the free
Schiff base L. The Zn(II)-complex
showed the best cytotoxic activ-
ity towards this cell line. Cu(II)-
complex showed slight cytotoxic
activity towards breast carcinoma
(MCF 7) cell line. On the other
hand, Ni(II)-complex does not show
any cytotoxic activity towards
human MCF7 cell line. According to
the significant cytotoxic activ-
ity of Zn-complex towards (HELA)
and (MCF 7) cell lines, in vitro
potential cytotoxicity of Zn (II)
complex was tested against liver
carcinoma (HEPG2), colon carcinoma
(HCT116) and larynx carci-
noma (HEP2) cell lines. The results
show that the Zn-complex has
significant cytotoxic activity towards
all cell lines except HEP2 cell
line. In conclusion, the Zn-complex
exhibits significant decrease in

Preparation complexes Co(III), Ni(II),
and Cu(II) with novel azo-Schiff base
ligand (N, N, O) derived from 2-
amino- 6- methoxy benzothiazole
with spectral characterization, study
biological activity as anticancer,
antioxidant to complexes
surviving fraction of HCT116, MCF7
and HELA human cancer cells
and induced apoptosis of these cell
lines.
Stirrer Yield Cu-Kompleks: 76% 2
B1g → 2Eg Octahedral (regular)
Sp3d2
Complexes of ions of metal salts of FTIR:
Cobalt (III), nickel (II), and copper (II) Vibrasi
with a molar ratio of [1:2] [M: L] OH: 3312 m.b
were prepared by slowly adding the -N-(CH3)2: 2929 w
required weight for each ligand -(C=N) ben.thio: 1591s
(0.001) mole of the prepared ligand -(C=N) Schiiff: 1650 m
dissolved in 25 ml of pure and N=N: 1399 m
absolute ethanol solvent and (C=C) Ph: 1537 m
gradually stirring to the metal (C-N) thia: 1280 m
solution (0.0005) mol of the metal (C-N) thia: 1163 m
chlorides under study dissolved in C-O: 1367 n
25 ml of the buffer solution at 60° M-N: 553 w
C for 30 minutes with constant
stirring The dark colors were left in Ket :
the solutions for 24 hours to S: strong
complete the sedimentation M: medium
process, after which the sediments W: weak
were filtered and washed several B: broad
times with non-ionic water and then
with a small amount of ethanol Also, the IR bands near
solvent to remove unreacted organic 430, 500 and 555 cm−1 are ascribed
matter, followed by recrystallization to M–S, M–O and M–N [18],
with absolute ethanol. respectively. This presents a good
evidence for the participation of
thiophene sulfur atom in bond
formation. Moreover the IR spec-
tra of Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes
exhibit a medium band around
280 cm−1, which are assigned to M–
Cl
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION
AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES ON
SCHIFF BASE DERIVED FROM 2-
AMINOPYRIDINE AND 2-
METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE AND ITS
COBALT (II) AND NICKEL (II)
COMPLEXES
shows the solubility of the Schiff
base and its complexes, the Schiff
base was found to be insoluble in
water, petroleum ether, chloroform
and acetone, but soluble in ethanol,
DMSO, DMF and methanol,
therefore, ethanol was used as
solvent for the synthesis of the
complexes. Similarly, the complexes
were all found to be insoluble in
water, petroleum ether, chloroform
and acetone, but soluble in ethanol,
DMSO and DMF.
Jurnal/Buku
Copper and Human Health- A
Review
Copper and Its Complexes in
Medicine: A Biochemical Approach
(Iakovidis et al., 2011)
Introduction Literature Review Produk Target
- -
- Copper is a red colored natural - 3-Amino-2-methyl-4-quinazolinone
metal dispersed in the whole
environment surrounding us.
- The crust around the earth has
nearly fifty parts of copper per
million parts of soil (ppm).
- Toxic effects are liable to occur at
high levels.
- Copper sulfate is the most
commonly used form of copper
compound.
- Copper is usually utilized as a
metal but iit`s alloys are also
available for example brass and
bronze etc. It is used in the
manufacture of wires, metal
sheets, pipes and other products
of metals.
- In agriculture copper compounds
are used to treat various plant
diseases. They are also used for
water treatment and as
preservatives for wood, leather,
fabrics etc2.
- There are 04 different forms of
copper , Cu (O), Cu (I), Cu (II), and
Cu (III).
- Cu complexes is stemming from - A number of Cu(II) chelate
their potential use as complexes that exhibit cytotoxic
antimicrobial, antiviral, anti- activity through cell apoptosis or
inflammatory, antitumor agents, enzyme inhibition have been
enzyme inhibitors, or chemical reviewed. Such complexes
nucleases. containing bi-Schiff bases as ligands
- Cu complexes could be helpful in are effective in reducing tumor size,
the design and production of delaying of metastasis, and
antiviral and antibacterial significantly increasing the survival
materials, able to deactivate HIV of the hosts. Chelates of

Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and
antioxidant nutrients
Copper (Cu) an Essential Redox-
Active Transition Metal in Living
System— A Review Article
or H1N1 viruses and
antibioticresistant bacteria,
respectively
- The absorption of Cu in the
human body depends on a variety
of factors including chemical form
and presence of other dietary
components. About 30/50% of
ingested Cu, mostly Cu2+, is
absorbed in the small intestine,
and very small amounts are
absorbed in the stomach.
- (*O2—) or reducing agents such as
- -
- -
curcuminoids show significant
reduction of solid tumor volume in
mice.
- Binary Cu(II) complexes with a
variety of aromatic molecules
coordinated through N, S, or O
donor atoms have been
synthesized and tested for
biological activity (Cek lampiran
data).
- In contrast to the large number of
Cu(II) complexes that have been
synthesized as potential drugs,
Cu(I) ones are sparse due to the
lower stability of the +1 redox state
and their propensity towards
oxidation to Cu(II) compounds.
-
- Most often, the basis for these
theories is the propensity of free
Cu ions to participate in the
formation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS).
- Both cupric and cuprous Cu ions
can participate in oxidation and
reduction reactions.
- In the presence of superoxide
ascorbic acid or GSH, Cu2+ can be
reduced to Cu+, which is capable of
catalyzing the formation of
hydroxyl radicals (OH۰) from
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the
Haber/Weiss reaction.
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -