1.

Perfect participle & Perfect gerund ( phân từ hoàn thành & danh động từ hoàn
thành)
FORMAT:
- Dạng chủ động: (NOT) HAVING +V-ED/V3
- Dạng bị động: (NOT) HAVING BEEN + V-ED/V3
a. Perfect participle (phân từ hoàn thành)
- Miêu tả hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác
EX: After they heard about the bad weather, they canceled the trip
 Having heard about the bad weather, they canceled the trip
I completed my assignment, then I rewarded myself with a movie night
 Having completed my assignment, I rewarded myself with a movie night
- Miêu tả lí do
Because they traveled to many countries, they became seasoned adventures
 Having traveled to many countries, they became seasoned adventures
BT:
1. Lan asked his parents for advice, then he decided to go to a vocational school
=>
2. John gained a degree course in graphic design. Then he applied for a job in a big
publishing company
=>
3. I had considered my options carefully, and I decided to apply to a university in
the UK next year
=>
4. After we had listened to an introduction to the course, we asked some questions
=>
5. After we had read the stories about people who reduced their carbon footprint,
we started to change oil daily consumption habits
=>
6. After she graduated from high school, she attended a vocational school
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b. Danh động từ hoàn thành
- Đứng sau các cụm động từ và giới từ
Accuse of: buộc tội, admire for (ngưỡng mộ), apologise for ( xin lỗi), blame for
(đổ lỗi), criticize for ( chỉ trích), …
EX:
He won a scholarship. He was so excited about that.
 He was so excited about having won a scholarship
Someone plagiarized the essay. The teacher accused Peter of doing that
 The teacher accused Peter of having plagiarized the essay