,lJ;EqAHCKA CQEHA "IlOJIArAlhE XPIICTOBOr

TEJIA Y rros- II CAXPAlhIIBAlhE Y

CPE,ll;lhOBEKOBHOJ CPEIIJII 1

Can-a KeCMn-PMCTMn, Beorpan

Y L\pKBI1 MaHaCTl1pa .nC'JaHa, ua CL\eHI1 Ilo.naraa.e Xpl1CTa y rpof HaCJlI1KaHH cy pa,nHI1L\11 KOjH
npase MCpMepHH capxorpar, O,nHOCHO HOCC BCJlI1KI1, Hc06pal)eHI1 KaMeHH 6JlOK. Ilopehen.eu ca pesyn-
T,iTI1Ma I1CTpa>KI1BaH,a CpnCKI1X Cpe,[(H,OBeKOBHI1X nOrpe6HI1X 06H'Jaja, yrsphyje ce ,[(a JlI1 cy CJlHKapl1
y npencrasy penaraoane Ca,[(p>KI1He yHOCI1JlI1 MOTI1Be H3 CBaKO,[(HeBHOr >KI1BOTa.

KJLy'JHC pC'JI1: .ne'JaHI1, I1KoHOf'paq)J1ja, caxpana, capxodiar, aMopljlHI1 Ha,[(rp06HH CnOMeHHK.

H nopen crporo yrspheae axouorpadmje 11 xonuenuaje OCJII1KaBal-ba BI13aH-

rujcxor xpaua, y cpemsoeexosay CJII1KY I1CTOqHOXpl1l11haHCKor CBeTa I1naK cy
npO)J,MpaJIl1 MHOrl1 )],eTa.Jh11 11 MOTI1BI1 113 CBaKO)],HeBHor )l(HBOTa 2 Y KOjOj Mepl1 je
y cpnCKOM )l(I1BOnI1CY cuena norpe6a I1JIycTpOBaJIa CTBapaH ofipen O,ll,HOCHO caM
ql1H caxpaisaaaua 113 CJII1KapeBe CBaKO)],HeBI1u,e, a KOJII1KO cy ce )l(I1BOnl1cu,11 KOpl1-
CTMJII1 CJII1KapCKI1M npennounnma npenoceha peuretsa crapa 11 BI1IIle 0)], necer
BeKOBa, jenao je 0)], CJIO)l(eHI1X mrraaa aa ql1jl1M ce onrosopou MO)l(e rpararn cavo
I1CTOBpeMeHI1M 113YQaaal-beM KaKO JII1KOBHI1X 11 nl1CaHI1X 113BOpa TaKO 11 apxeo-
JIOIlIKI1X OCTaTaKa KOjl1 CBe)],OQe 0 norpe6Hl1M 06l1Qajl1Ma Cp6a y cperusea BeKy.3
Jenaa KOMn0311IJ;l1ja, HaCTaJIa Cpe,ll,I1HOM XIV sexa y U,pKBI1 MaHaCTl1pa ,l],eQaHa,

1 Pediepar je npO'JI1TaH noon HaCJlOBOM Cuene cexpsnuean« y pe'laHCKOM 3UPHOMCJIUKapcTBy

2MtIOre HKollOrpaljlcKe crynaje nocseheue CpC,[(It.OBCKOBHOM CJlI1KapCTBy na TCpHTOpHjH BI13aH-
THjCKC ,[(yXOBHC cdiepe ,[(OTH'Jy CC mrraua oncnaxaaana peannax 06H'Jaja H neuraaaa.a na >KHBOnHcy
PCJlHrH03HOr canpscaja, PCJlCBaHTHarnrreparypa Han. 9-11 infra).
33a paanuxy 0,[( ananapcxor Ha'JI1Ha caxpan.aaaaa (cf. .n. Ilortosnh, Cpncxu BJIa,aapcKu rpo6 y
cpeplbeM sesy, Beorpan 1992), cenynxpanna 06H'JajH HH>KI1X ,[(pyWTBCHHX cnojeaa y Cp6HjH TOKOM XIII,
XIV H XV BCKaMaH,Ccy HCTpa>KHBaHH, cf. P. Eynapuah, M. MI1JlCHKOBHh, CaXpaH,HBaH,C y XII H XIII BCKy
Y cpe,[(H,CM 11 ,[(OH,CM nOJlI1MJLY, 360pllUK Kp8Jl> BJIa,auCJIaB U Cptiu]« XI/I sers, CAHY, y WTaMnH.
Jbytiasuourhy ayropa, yn03HaJIa caM CC ca ,[(oca,[(aWH,HM pC3YJlTaTHMa HCTpa)l<HBaH,a npe H,HXOBOr
06jaBJLI1BaH,a, 360r sera CC jow jC,[(HOM 3aXBaJLyjcM KOJlCrI1HI1L\11 MHJlCHKOBHh H KOJlCrH Bynapunhy).
CJla6HjcM n03HaBaH,y CpC,[(H,OBCKOBHC ljlYHcpapHC npaxce CBaKaKO je nonpuneo ljlHHaHcHjcKH MOMCHaT
KOjH je ,[(I1KTl1paO spcry MaTcpHjaJIa KOpHWhcHHX npa KOHCTPYKL\HjH CKPOMHHjHX rp06HHX MCCTa(d. 1.
Ep,[(CJbaH, (,peplboBeKoBwf Ha,arpo6Hu cnOMeHUl{U y o6JIacTl1 Paca, Eeorpan 1996, 108).

rJlaCHI1K Cprrcxor apXCOJlOWKOr npyurrsa / Journal of the Serbian Archaeological Society

17 (2001) 129-136.
rCNJ/JSAS 17 (2001) CKYJIOBI1 cexmrja; - Cpeznsa BeK

npyxa nO)J.aTKe aa OCHOBy KOjl1X je npernocraaxy JIpH:KaJH:Baaa )KH:BOTa cpcznsose-

KOBHe Cp6H:je na npencrasaaa penarosae canpxcaae Moryhe npeunaaa]e YTBP-
,lJ,H:TH:.
Ilporpaa 3H:)J.HOr CJIH:KapCTBa ,n:e'IaHa, jenne 0,lJ, uajsehux H: aajfion,e OqyBaHH:X
)KI1BOnH:CaHH:X upxaaa y OKBH:pH:Ma BH:3aHTH:jcKor nyxoanor yrnuaja, seh O,lJ,aBHO
ce y crpyxaoj JIH:TepaTypH: oueisyje xao nenpecyuraa H:3BOp H:KOHOrpa<pcKHX
peureisa H: MOTH:Ba, rae je uenoxynua H:CTO'IHOXpH:IlIhaHCKa H:CTOpH:ja CBeTa H:JIY-
crposaaa na je)J.HOM MecTy, IlITO norsphyje iseroa eHUH:KJIOne)J.H:jcKH: xapaxrep."
,n:e'IaHCKH: )KH:BOnH:C je CKOpO y ueJIH:HH: Ca'IyBaH H: 6pojH: npexo 1000 noje)J.H:Ha'IHH:X
!pl1:rypa H: cueaa, paJBpcTaHH:X y BH:IlIe 0,lJ, 20 UH:KJIyca5 Hacrajao xpajea 'IeTBpTe
H: TOKOM nere neueanje XIV nexa, 6 y MHoraMe je HaCJIe,lJ,H:O ofienexja CTH:JICKH:X
crpyjaaa yMeTHOCTH: )J.06a peaecauce TIaJIeOJIora, 'IH:je cy ce OCHOBHe xapax-
TepH:CTH:Ke orneaane y yaehasauy 6poja UH:KJIyCa, yMHO)KaBaay 6poja KOMllO-
3H:UH:ja yayrap UH:KJIyCa, CMaal1Baay )J.HMeH3H:ja cueaa, aJIH: 3aTO H: yaehaaaisy
6poja axrepa, ycnososaaaiey cuenorparpcxax peurersa H: norrya.aaarsy H:JIYCTPO-
BaHH:X norahaja 6pOjHH:M enH:30)J.aMa 7 C npyre crpaae, CJIO)KeHa apxirrexrypa
xpaMa8 HaMeTHyJIa je CJIH:KapH:Ma BeOMa paayheae, HenpaBH:JIHe 3H:)J.He nospunnte,
'IeCTO npexaayre 6pOjHH:M np030pCKH:M OTBOpH:Ma H: nH:JIaCTpI1Ma, 360r 'lela je
,lJ,OIlIJIO ,lJ,0 jour neher ycrrnsaaana cuena H: MHore enasone cy TH:Me H:3)J.BojeHe y
nocefine KOMn03H:UH:je.
,n:a 6H: ce H:CnyHH:JIa OBa aenpernenna H: ycsrnseaa 3H:,lJ,Ha nJIaTHa, 6POjHH:
)KI1BOnH:CUH ,n:e'IaHa cy ce y rparaisy aa JIH:KOBHH:M peuressaxa oKpeHyJIH: PaJHO-
JIH:KH:M y30pH:Ma Ilopen rora IlITO cy ce yrJIe,lJ,aJIH: na CJIHKapCTBO H:3 npeveaa
xparsa MH:JIyTH:Ha, ,lJ,e'IaHCKH: MajcTOpH: cy ce y BeJIH:Koj MepH: KOpH:CTH:JIH: npe-
)J.JIOIlIUH:Ma H:3 MH:HH:jaTypHor CJIH:KapCTBa, 'IH:ja cy peurersa O)J.rOBapaJIa yCKH:M H:
HenpaBH:JIHH:M nOBpIlIHHaMa npe)J.BH:l)eHH:M aa )KH:BOnH:Caae. HapaTH:BHH: xapaxrep
)J.e'IaHCKH:X !ppecaKa oworyhao je, Mel)yTH:M, na ce BH:IlIe Hero H:Ka)l.a pannje y
CJII1KY peJIl1rH:03He canpzonte yuecy MOTH:BH: H:3 06H:qHOr, CBaKO)J.HeBHor )KI1BOTa
Hcrpaxneana nojernnrax nerarsa H: cuena nOKaJaJIa cy na je nnycrposatsera
caapeaeaor opyxja,? MY3H:qKH:X H:HCTpyMeHaTa,10 O,lJ,eBHH:X npensrera H:JIH: xosrana

4 B. J. nypHh, Busentujcse ppeCKe y Jyrocnssnju, Beorpan 1975, 56-58.

5 3H,nHO CJlHKapCTBo MaHacTHpa )J,C'laHa, rpa/ja 11 ctynuje, CAHY, nOCc6Ha H3,nalt>a Kit>. DCXXXII,
Onen.erse HCTOPHjcKHX nayxa Kit>. 22, Ieorpan 1995,1742 (narse; 3l1j(HOCRl1KapCTBO MaHacrupajfe'laHa).
60 xpouonoruja nesanccor 3H,nHor CJlHKapCTBa, cr. I', Cy60THh, Ilpanor xpouonornja nesaucxor
CJlHKapCTBa, 36oplll1K penos« B11381lTOROillKOr unctutyrs 20, Beorpan 1981, 111-135; b. TO,nHh, 0 HeKHM
npeCJlHKaHHM noprperava y )J,e'laHHMa, 36oPHl1K Hsponuor uysej« XII2 (1982) 55-67.
70 CTHJ1CKHM onnaxaxa CJlHKapCTBa xpajev XIII H nO'lCTKOM XIV BCKa, cr. O. Demus, The Style of the
Kariye Djami and Its Place in the Development of Palaeologan Art, y P. A. Underwood, The Kariye Djami, Vol.
IV, New York 1966, 127-156; F. Ea6Hh, Pasrpaaaaaue yMeTHH'lKe nenaruocra H nojase CTHJlCKC pas-
HOpO,nHOCTH, YHCTOpl1ja cpncxor uspons I, Beorpan 1981,641-663.
8B. P. Ilerxosah H n. EOWKOBHh, Msuecrup jfe'laHM I, Beorpan 1941,19-196, pI. I-LXXII; 3MJ(HO
onusepcteo MaHacrupa jfe'laHa, 63-74.
9 F. IIIKpHBaHHh, Opyx]« y cpennoeexoenoj Cp611ju, Bocuu u jfy6pOBHl1Ky, Ilocefiua H3,nalt>a CAH
Kit>. CCXCIII, Beorpan 1975,18,20,22,24 et passim.
10 P. Ilejoaah, JIpeJ(CTaBe My311'1KMX unctpyuenetu y opeunoeexoenoj Cp611jl1, Ilocefiaa H3,nalha
CAHY Kit>. DXLIX, Onersene J1HKOBHe H My3H'lKe yMeTHocTH Kit>. 4, Beorpan 1984, 94, 98, 123 et passim.

130
C. KecHh-PHCTHh ,l:(e~aHcKa cuena .Flo.nararse XpHCTOBOr TeJIa y rpo6"

naveurraja, 11 Y semrxoj Mepl1 noxapaaa aruocoepa CpeAlhOBeKOBHe Cp611je y A06a

lheHe najsehe Ap)J(aBHe excnaasaje 11 MOhl1. AJII1 CJII1KapeBa cBaKOAHeBl1ua HaCJIy-
hyje ce He caao YHowelheM npaxasa nojemnmx npenaera y KOMn0311Ul1jy crporo
yrsphene uxonorpadiaje, nojeAI1HI1 norahajn 113 xpmuhaacxe ncropaje npencras-
JbeHI1 cy y BI1AY )J(aHp cueaa, HapO'll1TO OHI1 aa xoje je reurxo 611JIO nahn npe-
AJIOWKe y CJII1KapCKI1M np"pYlJHIUI1Ma, 3HalJI1 xana cy y mrrau.y 611JIe peTKO
npaxasaaaae cueue,
JII1KOBHe npencrase norpe6a - He3a0611JIaJHor lJl1Ha y CBaKOM spesreny 11
CBaKOM ApyWTBy - npencraan.ajy TeK AeJII1Ml1lJHO I1CTpa)J(eHy resry xana ce pac-
npaarsa 0 MoryhHocTI1 na cy CJIIKap" CBOjy nacnapanajy Tpa)J(I1JII1 11 y CpeAI1HI1
KOjOj cy npananarnr, y KOjOj cy )J(I1BeJII1 11 pa.nI1JII1. OBOM np"JII1KOM heMo ce
3a.np)J(aTI1 aa jernroj nexaacxoj CJII1UI1 caxpane, l1aKO heMOBl1JleTI1 na ce OHa He
PaJJII1Kyje MHoro OA OCTaJIl1X xoje ce cpehy y 60raTOM nporpasry <ppecKO CJII1-
xapcrsa )J,elJaHa
Pes je 0 npencrasa Xpl1CTOBOr nonaraa,a y rpoti, CueHI1 npl1JIl1lJHO y0611-
-rajenoj aa paasnjeae UI1KJIyce XPI1CTOBI1X Crpanarsa y cpncKOM cpeAlhOBeKOBHOM
311AHOM CJII1KapcTBy (CJI. 1).12 )J,oral)aj ornrcyjy CBa 'IeTl1pl1 jeaaahersa, Ma.na je
Ae'laHcKoj CueHI1 Haj6JII1)J(11 JOBaHOB TeKCT jep OH jeAI1HI1 nosonse npncycrso
HI1KOAI1Ma, onora KOjl1 je 113Ba.n110 KJII1HOBe 11 OCJI060AI10 XPI1CTOBO TeJIO C xpcra
(Jo. XIX, 39-42). HI1KOAI1M 11 JOCI1<p 113 Apnaareje, KOjl1 je OA Ilnnara A06110
A03BOJIY na CaXpaHI1 XpI1CTa, noce Xpl1CTOBO TeJIO ysajeuo y 6eJII1 noxpoa Y
CBeTOM nl1CMY 11 name: " ...ofiasuure ra C nJIaTHOM C Ml1pI1CI1Ma, xao WTOje 0611lJaj
y Jespeja na yxonasajy." (Jo. XIX, 40). 113a HI1KOAI1Ma 11 Jocmpa cy CBeTe )J(eHe,
a 113Ha.n aHl)eJII1 11 CBI1 onrraxyjy Hcycosy CMpT. Ilpnaop ce onnaja acnpen CTeHO-
BI1TOr nejsaxa Ha necnoj CTpaHI1 cueae, ncnpen oraopa nehane, npaxasaaa cy
rpa pannaxa KaKO npase capxorpar OA pY)J(l1'IaCTor xastena, 'Il1je urape jacao
acouapajy aa MepMep. )J,BOjI1Ua, noaohy norryre, noce nosehn KOMa.n MepMepa,
AOK rpehn ca KJIeCapCKI1M lJeKl1heM y PYUI1 CTOjl1 Y caMOM capxorpary, KOjl1 je npa
BPXY np0<pI1JII1CaHI1X I1Bl1ua 11 nenyje neh AOBpweH.
3a paJJII1Ky OA JIeBOr AeJIa KOMn03I1Ul1je, ca Onl1CaHOM nOBopKOM xoja HOCI1
Xpl1CTOBO reJIO, I1JIyCTpaUl1ja pamnrxa KOjl1 npnnpeuajy rp06HI1Uy He cpehe ce
HI1 y jeAHoM cnoMeHI1KY HCTO'lHOXpl1whaHCKor CJII1KapCTBa TeKCTOBI1 jesan-
l)eJII1CTa HaBOAe na je Xpl1CT nOJIO)J(eH y "HOB rpofi", Y KOMe "HI1KO He 611jawe
HI1Ka.n MeTHyT", a rpof ,,6jewe ncjesea y xasreny" (MT. XXVII, 60; MK. XV, 46;
JIK. XXIII, 53; Jo. XIX, 41). C re crpane, AelJaHCKa <ppecKa anCOJIyTHo onrosapa
JII1TepapHoM 113BOpy - capxodiar KOjl1 ce ynpaso npaan, HecyMlhl1Bo je HOB, a KaMeH
je xax nJIeMeHI1T, 0 lJeMy CBeAOlJe n.erose nrape, Mel)yTI1M, TO je MOTI1B KOjl1 ce
HI1Ka.na - HI1 Y MI1Hl1jaTYPHOM, HI1 y MOHyMeHTaJIHOM CJII1KapcTBy - He cpehe Y3
nrrycrpauujy Ilo.naraaa y rpo6, cuene xoja je lJeCTO HaTnI1COM, na 11 CJII1'lHOM

11J. Koaaseaah, Cpeuneeesoena HOUIIb8 6a.nKaHCKHX CJ10BeHa, Ilocefina H3J\aH,a CAli KH.. CCXV,
I1cTopHjCKH HHcTHTyr Ktt.. 4, Beorpan 1953, 25-95 et passim; B. XaH, Ilpoq>aHH HaMjewTaj na nauroj
cpena.oaexosaoj Q>peCl\H, 360pHHK Mysejs npHMel-beHe yuetttocru 1 (1955) 7-50.
12c. KecHl'l-PHCTHfl, UHKJlyCXPHCTOBHxcTpaJ\alb3, y 3H,l(HO CJ1HKapCTBo MaHacrupajJe'laHa, 128-129.

131
rCA,LVJSAS 17 (2001) CKynoBI1 CeKUJ1ja: - Cpernsn BeK

CJI. 1. Maaacrap )J,eqaHH, Ilo.naran,e Xpacronor 'rena y rpo6.

Fig. 1. Monastiry Decani, Placing Christ's body in the grave.

HKOHOrpa<pHjOM noaesaaa ca Onnaxasaaea, jeAHoM OA KOMn03HlJ;J-lja 113 mnoryca

Crpanarsa soja je BpeMeHOM npeBa3HIIIJla CBOjy HapaTHBHy nOTKy H npepacrra y
CHM60JlWIHY npencrasy Xpl1CTOBe :>KpTBe aa JbYLl.CKH POA. 13
,ll,eqaHCKa cuena ce HaJIa3H na cesepnoj CTpaHI1 jyroaanannor nOTKyrrOJlHOr
crynua, IIITO npencraan,a jenay OLI. aajnpernenaajax H uajumpnx 3l1AHI1X nosp-
IIIHHa npertaaheuux sa nrrycrpoaaue KOMn03HlJ,Hja 113 uaxnyca Xpl1CTOBHX Crpa-
nan.a, nnane CMelliTeHor y nOTKynOJlHOM npocropy, na yCKHM nOBpIIIHHaMa cryfia-
na Ilpexonyra, ua jyxotoj CTpaHI1 ceaepoaanannor crynua, HaCJIHKaHa je npen-

13K. Weitzmann, The Origin of the Threnos in Esseys in honor ofE. Panofsky, New York 1961,476-490.

132
C. KeCHh-PHCTHh ,Ue'IaHCKa cueua .Flonararse XPHcTOBor TeJIa y rpo6"

CTaBa naejy CBeTHX )l(eHa xoje nocwarpajy caxpany.l" HaKO npesra rexcry Cneror
Ilncva 'IHHe neo Ilorraraisa y rpof (MT. XXVII, 61; MK. XV, 47), OHe cy CMeUITeHe
ya KOMII03HU:Hjy KOjOj HHKaKO He IIPHIIa.najy. Ilocraana ce nnran,e 360r -rera je
CJIHKap y3 nnycrpaunjy TaKO snaxajnor norahaja HHCHCTHpao na xcarrp IIpe.nCTaBH
panaaxa KOjH ofipahyjy KaMeHH capxorpar, yssecro na je iseno MeCTO I1CIIYHl10
$l1rypaMa CBeTI1X )l(eHa lfl1je 611 IIpl1CyCTBO 6HJIO onpasnanaje C 063l1pOM na
l-bHXOBy rnrrepapuy 3aCHOBaHOCT.
,ll,a OBO anje je.nHHI1 )l(aHp MOTHB y U:HKJIyCy Xpl1CTOBHX Crpanaa,a, cseno-nr
11 KOMII03HU:l1ja Jespejcxa CBeUITeHI1U:11 xyrryjy nouxapesy l-bHBy.1 5 Ha I1CTOj crpa-
HI1 HCTor jyroaananaor CTyIIUa, caao nne 30He 113Ha.n Iloriaraaa y rpofi, HaCJIHKaHO
je rpofirse ca nsa MepMepHa capxorpara ,ruJOCJIHBHI1X IIOKJIOIIau:a. Jeapejcxn CBeUITe-
Hl1l1,H cy HOBlI,eM KOjl1 11M je Jyrta sparno HaKOH noxajaa,a, peWHJIH na KyIIe l-bHBy
aa "rp06Jbe rocrnva" I1JII1 rpofirse aa crpauue (MT. XXVII, 7). OHO je Ha3BaHO
AKeJI.naMa, WTO 3Ha'IH "KpBHa l-bHBa", jep je KyIIJbeHa aa "HOBau: KOjH je Y3eT aa
KpB", rj, sa mnajy Xpl1CTa (,ll,eJIa aIIOCTOJICKa I, 19). HI1 OBa cuena HeMa IIapaJIeJIa
y Bl13aHTl1jcKoM MHHHjaTypHoM HJIH MOHyMHeTaJIHOM CJII1KapcTBy. Haxo OIIHCaHI1
y EH6JIl1jl1, JIOH'Iap KOjH pyKOM noxaayje H xao na XBaJIH CBOjy l-bHBy, O.nHOCHC
CBeWTeHHK KOjH WKpTO .nP)l(H xecy ca HOBu:eM, npyxajyhn noasapy caMO jenan
nomuh, acouapajy na caaxonaeaay pamsy xynonponaje, no re Mepe y6e.nJbHBI1
na 'IaK nerryjy caspeaeao.
Henocrarax JIHKOBHHX IIapaJIeJIa y BeJIHKoj Mepl1 ncxrsyayje MoryhHocT ofijaur-
l-bel-ba nexancre cuene Ilonaraise y rpofi CTHJICKHM HJIH HKoHorpa$cKHM yrnnajeu
KaKO aKTyeJIHe yMeTHocTH, TaKO H crapnjux npennoxcaxa. Iluraa.e xoje ce aanose-
syje na IIpeTIIocTaBKy na je ,ll,elfaHCKH CJIHKap, nnycrpyjyha Xpucrosa Crpanan.a,
yneo y nojennae, 11 TO BpJIO aaaxajae cuene HeWTO o.n caor oxpyzceu,a, ,ll,HpeKTHO
ce O,ll,HOCH na caM lfHH caxpaue y cpemsoaexoeno] Cp6HjH. Ilpasocnaaua JIHTyp-
rnxa je ry He,ll,BOCMHCJIeHa, a apXeOJIOWKa ncrpaxnnaua TO norsphyjy: 06H'iaj
caxpaisaaarsa y 3eMJbY IIOWTOBao ce jour on IIpBHX BeKOBa XpI1WhaHCTBa. 16 Ilpoy-
'iaBal-ba cpncxor cpemeoeexoaaor snanapcxor rpofia IIOKa3yje na je nonaraue y
3eMJbY 6HO je.nHHH MoryhH BM)]; caxpaae, a na je capxorpar H3Ha.n rpofia y 3eMJbH
(scpulcrum-a) I1MaO $yHKU:l1jy nanrpotiaor ofieneacja (O,ll,HOCHO monumentum-aj.l?
l..{Hl-beHHu:a je na Hl1r,ll,e na cpezueoaexoaana $peCKaMa, He cano .nelfaHCKHM,
caxpaisaaaae IIOKojHHKa y 3eMJbY nuje IIpHKa3HBaHO. Bpojne anycrpann]e 110-
rpe6a JIH'iHOCTI1 H3 xpmuhancxe HCTOpl1je, IIO'ieBWH on Aaersa, IIpeKO Hcyca, no
xpHwhaHCKHX CBeTHTeJba, He npnxasyjy 'iHH nonaraisa TeJIa yMpJIOr y IIO,ll,3eMHy
rp06HI1U:Y. Ha CaXpaHI1 Asersa y ,ll,e'IaHI1Ma, MaM IIOJIa)l(e MpTBor CHHa y rpof
ycexen y CTeHI1, HaJIHK aa nehany, ncnpen xoje je KaMeHa, IIpaBl1JIHO HCKJIeCaHa

14 C. Kec..1lJ-PHCTHh, l(HKJ1YC XpHCTOBHX crpanau.a, Y 3UAHO CJIUKapCTBO usnecrup« j{e'laHa, 128.

15 Hero 125
16JI. M~PK;BHh, Ilpssocnssne nutyprnxe, IlpBH onWTH neo, Eeorpa,fl1982, 113; I1CTH, Ilpsuocnesue
nutypruxs. )lPYI'H noce6HH neo, Beorpan 1983,183-184; V. Corovic, Prilog proucavanju nacina sahranjivanja
i podizanja nadgrobnih spomenika u nasim krajevima u srednjem vijeku, Nasestarine III (1956) 127,144-145.
17)l. Ilonoanh, Cpncxu BJIa,aapcKu rpo6 y cpenneu sexy, Eeorpa,fl1992, 30, 62,177-180.

133
rCA,IJjJSAS 17 (2001) CKyrrOBJ1 CeKUJ1ja: - Cpemsu BeK

nnosa, BepOBaTHOnpenanheaa aa aarsapaa.e rp06HJ1I.~e.l8 II XpHCTOB rpo6 ce

HaJIa3HO y nehnua,
OHOj ncnpen xoje cy Pa)l,HHUH )],OBPIllaBaJIH aspany MepMepHOr
capsodiara Ha CueHH Ilesaheua rpofia XpHCTOBOr, xoje cy jespejcxa CBeIllTeHHUH
H3BPIllHJIH no TIHJIaTOBOM HaJIOry, capxodiar ca )l,BOCJIHBHIiM nOKJIOm~eM CMeIllTeH
je y OTBOpy Y CTeHH. 19 II aa npaxasy caxpane CB. CTe4>aHa, TeJIO MJIa)l,Or CBeTHTeJba
nOJIO)l(eHO je y capxodiar H nopen isera je nOKJIOnau )l,BOCJIl1BHOr 06JIHKa KOjH
rpefia na 3aTBopH KOBqer. 20 Cuene Kaneanapa y nesaucxoj npnnpara nrrycrpyjyhu
nojennae naryae raxohe npuxaayjy nonaratse CBeTHTeJba y capxorpar, a He y 3eMJbY
(ua npnuep, HJIYCTpaUl1ja sa nan 26. cerrrevfiap, xana caaaxcapn rrOMl1lhY CMpT
CB. J OBaHa EOrOCJIOBa21).
Ha oCHOBy )],0 cana aanaxenor, MOrJIO 6H ce 3aKJbyqHTH na JIl1KOBHH npHKa3H
caxpana He OCJIl1KaBajy CTBapaH qHH norpefia, Mel)yTHM, 06Hqaj no.naraa,a noxoj-
HHKOBor TeJIa y cap xorpar, a He y 3eMJbY, CJIHKapl1Ma MO)l()l,a H HHje 6HO TOJIHKO
crpaa. Bli3aHTHjcKl1 BaCHJIeBCH cy nonyr pHMCKHX HMrrepaTopa raxohe nonaraan
y capxorpare cse no XII BeKa,22 a na raj HaqHH caxpau.aaaa.a HHje 6HO 3a60paBJbeH
y cpemeoaexoauoj Cp6HjH norsphyjy H apXeOJIOIllKa HCTpa)l(HBal-ba y CJIaBKOBHUH.
Ilporyaasenu xao caCBHM H3Y3eTHa nojasa, rpn capxorpara y KaneJIH OqHrJIe)],Ho
ancy HMaJIa 4>yHKUHjy monument urn-a, jep cy 6liJIa yxorraaa y 3eMJbY, neh HCKJby-
qHBO sepulcrum-a nOIllTO je caxpaaa 06aBJbeHa y I-bHMa, a He ncnon lhHX. 23
JIHKoBHa yMeTHocT je CBaKaKO onpaxasana ofinxaje caxpaa.aaaaa seaaae sa
najsnnre npyurraene cnojese, na OTy)], capxorpaaa, xao MOHyMeHTaJIHa H penpe-
3eHTaTHBHa nanrpofiua ofienezcja, nocrajy ynexarrsnna CHM60JIH KOjH Y pe-nraxy
cpemsoaexoaae nxonorpadntje noce 3Haqel-be rpofia, rpofirsa HJIH qaK qHTaBOr
<t>yHepapHor qHHa Y TOM KOHTeKcTy, H30CTaHaK JIHKOBHHX npuxasa no.naraa,a
nOKojHHKa y rpo6 yxonaa y 3eMJbY nocraje pa3yMJbHBHjli. C npyre crpaue, Mopa
ce HMaTH y BI1l~y na nocroje npencrase onena HCTOpHjCKHX, H nocefino upKBeHHX
JIHqHOCTH, xoje npyxajy nojemnre nonarxe 0 norpe6HHM 06pe)],HMa,24 aJIH caM
rpeayrax caxpaae HH y je)],HOM cnOMeHIiKY nnje )],06HO CBOj JIl1KOBHH onnc,
Mozena ce MOMeHaT xana ce nOKojHHK cnyurra y rpof He npnxaayje jep ce rana
H capruaaa JIHTHja sa yMpJIora 25 Mozena paanor- JIe)l(H ynpaso y qHlheHHUH na ce
npe)],HOCT y JIHKOBHOM npaxasy nasana MHOro CBeqaHHjeM H y3BHIlleHHjeM qHHy

18J. MapKoB1111, M. MapKoB1111, UI1KJlYC Feuese 11 craposaaerue 4111rype y napaxnncy CB. )l,HMHTpl1ja,
y: 3MPHO CJIMKapCTBO MaHacmpa,4e'laHa, 333, CJI. 5.
19B. P. neTKOBl1h 11 n. J.)OWKOBI1I1, Msneotup ,4e'lamt II, 36, T. CCXV/l.
20 A. )l,aBI1,1:\OB-TeMepI1HCKH, UI1KJlYC )l,eJlaanOCTOJlCKHX y)l,e'laHHMa, y 3MPllO CJIMKapCTBO uenactnp«
,4e'laHa, 172, CJI. 7.
21 C. KCCl1h-PI1CTHI1,)l,. BOjBO,l:\l111, Menonor, y 3MPllO CJIMKapCTBo ueuscrup« Ilessn« 380, Han. 28.
22 )l,. nOnOBl111, HaB. ueno, 139-143. 3Ha'lajHo je HanoMcHYTI1 na jow yBCK HHje nOy3,1:\aHO yrapheno na
JlI1 je TCJlO npsor cpncxor snanapa 113 ,l:\HHacTl1jc Hevau.aha nO'lHBaJJO y capsooary 11J111 y rp06HI1l.\11 nOLI
3CMJbOM; xacuaja rpynepapua npaxca xao 11 '1HI-bCHHl.\a na cy rpo60BH HCMaH,HHHX nOTOMaKa paheaa no
yrneny na IhcrOB, YTHl.\aJJH cy na ce npCTnOCTaBH nocrojaise rp06HHl.\C H nOLI capxorparov CHMCOHa
HCMalhC, cr. ucto, 29, 30, 62 et passim.
23)l,. Maaac, CJIaBKOBM~a, Kparyieaau 1984, 59,113.
24 Cf. B. J. Bypah, HCTOpHjCKC KOMn0311l.\l1jc y cpncxox cJlHKapCTBy cpeznsera BCKa H I-bHXOBC KI-bH-
>KCBHC napanene, 360pmtK penoes BM3aHTOJIOWKOr uncruryts XI, Beorpan 1968, 99-103.
25 fl. MHpKOBHI1, IIpaBOCJIaBHa JIMTyprMKa, )l,pym nocetiau neo, Beorpan 1983, 181-188.

134
C. KecJ1h-PJ1CTJ1h ,UeqaHCKa cuena .Flo.naraise XpJ1CTOBOr TeJIa y rpo6"

onena, O,nHOCHO - xana cy y mrrarsy crpanaiea

caenrrersa 11 MyqeHI1Ka - npavarmao] I1JIycTpa-
ll,J1jl1 OnJIaKI1Baaa nOKojHI1Ka, na ce CTOra aane-
Mapl1BaJIa npencrasa nonaraisa TeJIa y 3eMJbY.
Ancypnna je nOMI1CaO na cy CJII1Kapl11136eraBaJII1
TaKBO JII1KOBHO petueise jep 11M je HaMeTaJIO aa-
narax KOjl1 OHJ1 HJ1CY 6J1JII1 Y craisy na J1CnyHe. 26
CTpOroCT 11 113BeCHa KpyTOCT ca KOjOM je BH-
3aHTJ1jcKa axoaorpadiaja yrspheaa - 0 QeMY, 113-
Mel)y OCTaJIOr, CBe,nOQe 11 CJII1KapCKI1 npnpyanu-
1l,11, KaO 11 BeKOBI1Ma noaaarsaaa I1CTa I1KOHOrpacl>-
CKa penietsa - carypno cy ,nOnpI1HOCI1JII1 1136e-
raaaa.y CYBI1WHJ1X nOBe311Baaa CTBapHI1X pnrya-
JIa ca Onl1CI1Ma norahaja 113 Xpl1WhaHCKe I1CTO-
puje. Mel)yTI1M, na neaaucxoj npencraan Ilona-
ran-a Xpl1CTOBOr TeJIa y rpof Hal1JIaJl1MO aa je-
nan MOTI1B KOjl1 CBaKaKO O,nCJII1KaBa cenyJIKPaJIHy
yxteruocr HeBe3aHY aa snanape 11 BI1COKe upxseae
,nOCTojaHcTBeHHKe. EJIOK aeofipahenor MepMepa,
KOjl1 je TOJII1KO BeJIHK 11 Te:>KaK na ra HOCe .LJ:Ba Cn. 2. Maaacrnp Mauiatu: KO,[l
pannaxa 11 TO novohy aexe BpCTe norryre, H3rJIe- TIpH60ja (MaHacTHp Opaxosaua),
na He rpeoa npoTyMatIJ1TJ1 xao jour He,nOBpWeHJ1 aMop!flHa aanrpotina nnosa.
Fig. 2. Monastery Masici near Priboj
noxnonau <pI1HO I1CKJIeCaHOr xoasera. Hseros 06- (Monastery Orahovica), amorphous
JIHK ,nJ1peKTHO yxasyje aa aMop<pHe xanrpofiae tombstone.
nJIOtIe xoje cy ce no.narane npexo xysixe noxoj-
HI1Ka, a tIHja ce nojasa na repnropajn cpncxe cpenaoaexoane npxase MO:>Ke
npaTHTI1 jour on XIII nexa (CJI. 2).27 CJIHQHOCT 113Mel)y OBI1X xpajise rpyfio, TeK
npl1TeCaHHX Ha,nrp06HHX 06eJIe:>Kja 11 KaMeHor 6JIOKa npaxaaaaor na nexaacxoj
rppecua He MO:>Ke ce 3aHeMapl1TI1, a y CKJIOny mrran,a Be3aHI1X aa ynouiene MOTl1Ba
H3 cnaxonaeaaor :>K.I1BOTa y cpncxo cpe,naOBeKOBHO CJIHKapCTBO, OHa CBaKaKO no-
npl1HOCI1 60JbeM paayueaassy paavarpane np06JIeMaTI1Ke. HaCJII1KaHa asroptpaa
nJIOtIa na cuean Ilonarana y rpof necyxa.aao HOCI1 xapaxrep :>KaHpa, QaK - C
063HpOM na nocrojan,e capxorpara - nOMaJIO HeJIOrHtIHO ynorpefin.enor, yKOJIHKO
je aerOBa <pyHKll,l1ja npaBl1JIHO npcryaaxeaa
HaKO je norpefian ofipen yCKJIal)eH ca xpHwhaHCKOM ,norMOM xoja nponosena
na CMO "o,n 3eMJbe CaJ,naHH 11 y 3eMJbY heMO OTl1hH",28 cperueoeexoaaa npaxca je
npa CaXpaHI1 ananapa 11 BHCOKI1X ll,pKBeHI1X nornasapa ycsojana capxorpar xao
Ha,nrp06HO o 6eJIe:>Kje, a CJII1KapCTBO I1CTOtIHOXpl1whaHCKI1X 3eMaJba xao JII1KOBHI1

2611MajynH y BH,[Iy KOMnJlHKOBaHa peuieaa xoje Cpe,[lH.OBeKOBHH yMeTHHUH peurasajy na H3Y3eTHo

0pl1rl1HaJIHe H CMeJle HalJHHe, CBaKa nOMI1CaO ,[IaHM je CJlHKa cnyurraua rena nOKojHHKa y 3eMJbY 611Jla
cysmue Te)l{aK 113330B nornyao je HenpHXBaTJbHBa.
271. Epnersan, Cpennoeexoenu Ha,arpo6HH cllOMeHHIJ.U y otinsctu Paca, Beorpan 1996, 42, 85, 115; P.
Bynapuuh, M. MHJleHKoBHh, HaB. neno.
2S11. MHpKOBHh, Ilpssocnssue nurypruxs, )l,pyrH nocefiaa neo, Beorpan 1983, 184.

135
rCA,lVJSAS 17 (200 1) CKynoBM cexnnja: - Cpemsn BeK

3HaK KOjH ofenexasa nojeruraasno rp06HO MeCTO HJlH, xao na nesaacroj cuetur
Kynosaue l-bHBe, rpofirse yonurre, Hnax, xao H CBaKa npyra JlHKOBHa cPOPMYJla,
npencrasa capxorpara je BHweBeKOBHHM noaaarsau.ea npepacrra y CHM60Jl H TaKO
H3ry6HJla Be3Y ca cTBapHHM norpe6HHM 'lHHOM. Ee3 ofinrpa aa pa3HOJlHKe CJlH-
xapcxe pamroaaue KojHMa cy IIpHIIa)l,aJlH 6pOjHH )KHBOnHcU:H aHra)KOBaHH na
OCJlHKajy MOHyMeHTaJlHH enrepajep upxne y ,lJ,eqaHHMa,29 OHH ce CBH xopncre
rOTOBO HCTHM je3HKoM BH3aHTHjcKe axoaorpaoaje, H3Mel]y OCTaJlOr H ynorpefi-
rsanajyha capxodar xao HellBOCMHCJleHY H npen03HaTJbHBY cxpahennuy aa ca-
xpany. Hacynpor TOMe, nojasa JlHKOBHOr npnxaaa aMopcPHe nanrpofine nnose
CBaKaKO he yfiynyhe 6HTH paaaarpaaa y KOHTeKcTy MOTHBa npeyaernx H3 CBaKO-
nneaaor oxpyzceua cpemsoaexoaaor crntxapa, a CBaKO acrpaxnaaae xoje he ce
KpeTaTH y IIpaBU:y pexoucrpyacaaa norpefianx 06HQaja y Cp6HjH TOKOM nepaona
l-beHe IIp)KaBHe CaMOCTaJlHOCTH, nonpnaehe 60JbeM paaysreeatsy H JlHKOBHHX npe-
ncrasa, H apXeOJlOWKHX aanaaa
Y,lJ,K: 75.052.046.3.033.2(497.11 )"13" : 232.964:393.1(497.11 )"653"

SANJA KESIC-RISTIC

DECANI SCENE "PLACING CHRIST'S BODY IN THE GRAVE"

AND BURIAL CUSTOMS IN MEDIEVAL SERBIA

Summary
In the pictures of religious contents in the Serbian medieval painting of the 14th
century there are often inserted motives from profane, everyday life. This phenomenon
has been noticed for a long time and fresco paintings from Decani offer many
examples. The scene from The Passion, "Placing Christ's body in the grave" shows
three workmen; one of them is finishing already carved sarcophagus while other two
carry large stone block. This episode defined as genre motif has neither literary
support nor parallel in painting. Assumption that it depicts real act of interment
practiced in that time Serbia could hardly be confirmed as we have rather scarce
information about burial customs of the lower social classes. On the basis of studies
of the tombs of Serbian rulers we came to the conclusion that inhumation predom-
inated while the sarcophagus represented type of tombstone but it also seems that
placing of the body of the deceased in the sarcophagus had not been entirely forgotten.
Thus the representation of preparation of the grave because of the symbolic meaning
that sarcophagus had in the Byzantine iconography has been explained as substitution
of the very moment of placing the body in the burial pit that had actually never been
illustrated in painting. On the other hand the unhewn stone block in the Decani
picture shows great resemblance with amorphous tombstones which could be noticed
at many medieval sites and therefore it is included among motives reproduced from
the everyday life of the artist.

29 0 P33JlH':IHTHM CJlHKapCKHM pyxonacajaa y ,Ue':laHCKOM dipecxo aHCaM6Jly, d. c. f'a6eJlHl\, Je,UHa

JlOKaJIHa CJlHKapCKa panaouaua H3cpemme XIV sexa, y j{e'l8HlIlI BlI38HrnjcK8 yuetuocr cpeuunot« XIV
BeK8, Me~YHapo,UHH Hay':lHH cxyn nOBO,UOM 650 rO)J.HHa MaHacTHpa Ilesana, Beorpan 1989, 367-377.

136