Question:

According to PT, Kens Plantation, trees treated with growth chemicals often reach a height of 12 feet,
with a standard deviation of 2 feet. The average height of an organically grown tree is ten feet, with a
standard deviation of one and a half feet. The average height of trees that are allowed to grow naturally
without assistance is eleven feet, with a standard deviation of 1.8 feet. The average height of 50 trees in
each group, given by a research study, is 11.5 feet for chemically treated trees, 10.8 feet for organically
produced trees, and 10.9 feet for naturally growing trees. Is this proof that trees grown using different
techniques have noticeably different average heights?

Null hypothesis. (H0 =0 , H1 = 1)

Trees that are grown chemically treated, organically grown, and naturally grown all have similar average
heights.

Calculation of Test Static

 Chemically treated trees: Sample mean height = 11.5 feet

 Organically grown trees: Sample mean height = 10.8 feet
 Naturally grown trees: Sample mean height = 10.9 feet

There are 50 samples in each group (n) for every growth condition.

Number of groups - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2 is the degrees of freedom between groups (df_between).

Group specific degrees of freedom (df_within) = Total sample size - Number of groups = 150 - 3 = 147

Mean Square between groups (MSbetween)

∑(Sample ¿ ×(Sample mean−Overall mean)2)

MSbetween =
Degrees of freedom(between groups)

11.5+10.8+10.9
to get the overall mean of 11.07 ft.
3

MSbetween = (50 ×(11.5−11.07)2 )+(50 ×(10.8−11.07 )2)+¿ ¿

(50 ×0.2025)+(50 ×0.0729)+(50 × 0.0289)

MSbetween =
2
(10.125+3.645+ 1.445)
Msbetween =
2
15.215
MSbetween =
2
MSbetween = 7.6075

Mean square within groups (MSwithin) For each group

 Chemically treated trees: Sample variance: 22=42 (given standard deviation)
 Organically grown trees: Sample variance: 1.52 = 2.25(given standard deviation)
 Naturally grown trees: Sample variance: 1.82 = 3.24 (given standard deviation)

∑( Sample variance × Degrees of freedom∈ group)

MsWithin =
Degrees of freedom(within groups)

MsWithin =¿ ¿
196+110.25+158.76
MsWithin =
147
456.01
MsWithin =
147
MsWithin = 3.1678

Test statistic (F-statistic):

MS between
F = MS within

7.6075
= 3.1678

= 2.401

Decision and conclusion

The F-statistic that was calculated is roughly 2.401.

We use an F-distribution table for degrees of freedom (2, 147) and a significance level (let's assume 5%).
There is more than 2.401 in the essential F-value.

We are unable to reject the null hypothesis since the computed F-value (2.401) is smaller than the
crucial F-value.
Consequently, this analysis's findings do not support the conclusion that the average heights of trees
produced under the three distinct growth conditions chemically treated, organically grown, and naturally
grown significantly different.

Math statements

 Calculation of overall mean height: Overall mean=

∑ of sample
Number of groups
 Degrees of freedom between groups (dfbetween): dfbetween=Number of groups−1
 Degrees of freedom within groups (dfwithin): dfwithin=Total sample size−Number of groups
 Calculation of mean square between groups (MSbetween):
∑( simple variance x degrees of freedom∈ group)
df within
MS between
 F = MS within
 interpretation of the F-value from the F-distribution table relating to the critical F-value.
 Using the calculated F-value and F-value as a comparison, the null hypothesis is either rejected
or not.
 sample variance for each group is calculated using the given standard deviations.
 the use of the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test to compare group means under various tree
growth conditions.