# Main idea (심화편) : 접근법

정의로운 독해 유형 별 독해 접근법과 문제풀이 훈련을 통해 영어독해 근육 기르기
8강
‘대의파악 유형’의 갈래를 다시 살펴봅시다!
Main idea 유형:
(기본편) 목적/주장/요지/주제/제목
(심화편) 빈칸추론/함의추론, 요약문완성
# Main idea(심화편): 접근법
4. 이 또한 ‘대의파악’ 유형
1. 빈칸추론 유형과 ( )추론 유형은 접근법이 같다.
└ 대의파악 유형 기본편 접근법에서 강조했던
2. ( 을 포함한 문장 → 간단하게 한글로 (
( )이 역시 중요
3. ( )접근!:
└ 첫번째+마지막+연결어+강조표현
‘빈칸’을 포함한 문장의 바로 (위), (아래) 문장
5. 정답을 고르려 하지 말고, ( )을 ( )한다.
정의쌤이 직접 운영하는 토깽이마을! 네이버카페 정의로운 영어 café.naver.com/teacherjustice

정의쌤 소식과 영어자료를 가장 먼저 만나는 정의쌤 블로그 blog.naver.com/justice_eng
# Main idea(심화편): 빈칸추론 맛보기
2009학년도 6월 평가원 25번 <예습 & 수업>
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
In traditional societies, high status may have been extremely hard to acquire, but it was also comfortingly hard to lose. It was
as difficult to stop being a lord as, more darkly, it was to cease being a servant. What mattered was one’s identity at birth,
rather than anything one might achieve in one’s lifetime through the exercise of one’s abilities. The great aspiration of modern
societies, however, has been to reverse this equation―to strip away both inherited privilege and inherited under-privilege in
order to make rank dependent on individual achievement. Status in the current society rarely depends on ____________________
handed down through the generations.
① immediate insight
② learned behavior
③ an unchangeable identity
④ available information
⑤ a personal accomplishment
<예습: 핵심정리> <수업: 필기노트>

2009학년도 6월 평가원 25번 < 복습 & 체화 >
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
In traditional societies, high status may have been extremely hard to acquire, but it was also comfortingly hard to lose. It was
as difficult to stop being a lord as, more darkly, it was to cease being a servant. What mattered was one’s identity at birth,
rather than anything one might achieve in one’s lifetime through the exercise of one’s abilities. The great aspiration of modern
societies, however, has been to reverse this equation―to strip away both inherited privilege and inherited under-privilege in
order to make rank dependent on individual achievement. Status in the current society rarely depends on ____________________
handed down through the generations.
① immediate insight
② learned behavior
③ an unchangeable identity
④ available information
⑤ a personal accomplishment

9강
01. 빈칸추론
2022학년도 고1 11월 모의고사 31번 <예습 & 수업>
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
To demonstrate how best to defeat the habit of delaying, Dan Ariely, a professor of psychology and behavioral economics,
performed an experiment on students in three of his classes at MIT. He assigned all classes three reports over the course of
the semester. The first class had to choose three due dates for themselves, up to and including the last day of class. The second
had no deadlines — all three papers just had to be submitted by the last day of class. In his third class, he gave students three
set deadlines over the course of the semester. At the end of the semester, he found that students with set deadlines received
the best grades, the students with no deadlines had the worst, and those who could choose their own deadlines fell somewhere
in the middle. Ariely concludes that ____________________ — whether by the professor or by students who recognize their own
tendencies to delay things ― improves self-control and performance.
① offering rewards
② removing obstacles
③ restricting freedom
④ increasing assignments
⑤ encouraging competition

2022학년도 고1 11월 모의고사 31번 <복습 & 체화>
To demonstrate how best to defeat the habit of delaying, Dan Ariely, a professor of psychology and behavioral economics,
performed an experiment on students in three of his classes at MIT. He assigned all classes three reports over the course of
the semester. The first class had to choose three due dates for themselves, up to and including the last day of class. The second
had no deadlines — all three papers just had to be submitted by the last day of class. In his third class, he gave students three
set deadlines over the course of the semester. At the end of the semester, he found that students with set deadlines received
the best grades, the students with no deadlines had the worst, and those who could choose their own deadlines fell somewhere
in the middle. Ariely concludes that ____________________ — whether by the professor or by students who recognize their own
tendencies to delay things ― improves self-control and performance.
① offering rewards
② removing obstacles
③ restricting freedom
④ increasing assignments
⑤ encouraging competition
<NOTE>

10강
01. 빈칸추론
Scholars of myth have long argued that myth gives structure and meaning to human life; that meaning is amplified when a
myth evolves into a world. A virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs grows when lots and lots of people believe in the world.
Conversely, a virtual world cannot be long sustained by a mere handful of adherents. Consider the difference between a global
sport and a game I invent with my nine friends and play regularly. My game might be a great game, one that is completely
immersive, one that consumes all of my group’s time and attention. If its reach is limited to the ten of us, though, then it’s
ultimately just a weird hobby, and it has limited social function. For a virtual world to provide lasting, wide-ranging value, its
participants must ____________________________. When that threshold is reached, psychological value can turn into wide-
ranging social value.
*adherent 추종자 **threshold 기준점
① be a large enough group to be considered a society
② have historical evidence to make it worth believing
③ apply their individual values to all of their affairs
④ follow a strict order to enhance their self-esteem
⑤ get approval in light of the religious value system

Scholars of myth have long argued that myth gives structure and meaning to human life; that meaning is amplified when a
myth evolves into a world. A virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs grows when lots and lots of people believe in the world.
Conversely, a virtual world cannot be long sustained by a mere handful of adherents. Consider the difference between a global
sport and a game I invent with my nine friends and play regularly. My game might be a great game, one that is completely
immersive, one that consumes all of my group’s time and attention. If its reach is limited to the ten of us, though, then it’s
ultimately just a weird hobby, and it has limited social function. For a virtual world to provide lasting, wide-ranging value, its
participants must ____________________________. When that threshold is reached, psychological value can turn into wide-
ranging social value.
*adherent 추종자 **threshold 기준점
① be a large enough group to be considered a society
② have historical evidence to make it worth believing
③ apply their individual values to all of their affairs
④ follow a strict order to enhance their self-esteem
⑤ get approval in light of the religious value system
<NOTE>

11강
01. 빈칸추론
If you’ve ever made a poor choice, you might be interested in learning how to break that habit. One great way to trick your brain
into doing so is to sign a “Ulysses Contract.” The name of this life tip comes from the Greek myth about Ulysses, a captain
whose ship sailed past the island of the Sirens, a tribe of dangerous women who lured victims to their death with their
irresistible songs. Knowing that he would otherwise be unable to resist, Ulysses instructed his crew to stuff their ears with
cotton and tie him to the ship’s mast to prevent him from turning their ship towards the Sirens. It worked for him and you can
do the same thing by _____________________. For example, if you want to stay off your cellphone and concentrate on your work,
delete the apps that distract you or ask a friend to change your password!
*lure 유혹하다 **mast 돛대
① letting go of all-or-nothing mindset
② finding reasons why you want to change
③ locking yourself out of your temptations
④ building a plan and tracking your progress
⑤ focusing on breaking one bad habit at a time

If you’ve ever made a poor choice, you might be interested in learning how to break that habit. One great way to trick your brain
into doing so is to sign a “Ulysses Contract.” The name of this life tip comes from the Greek myth about Ulysses, a captain
whose ship sailed past the island of the Sirens, a tribe of dangerous women who lured victims to their death with their
irresistible songs. Knowing that he would otherwise be unable to resist, Ulysses instructed his crew to stuff their ears with
cotton and tie him to the ship’s mast to prevent him from turning their ship towards the Sirens. It worked for him and you can
do the same thing by _____________________. For example, if you want to stay off your cellphone and concentrate on your work,
delete the apps that distract you or ask a friend to change your password!
*lure 유혹하다 **mast 돛대
① letting go of all-or-nothing mindset
② finding reasons why you want to change
③ locking yourself out of your temptations
④ building a plan and tracking your progress
⑤ focusing on breaking one bad habit at a time
<NOTE>

12강
01. 빈칸추론
In the studies of Colin Cherry at the Massachusetts Institute for Technology back in the 1950s, his participants listened to
voices in one ear at a time and then through both ears in an effort to determine whether we can listen to two people talk at the
same time. One ear always contained a message that the listener had to repeat back (called “shadowing”) while the other ear
included people speaking. The trick was to see if you could totally focus on the main message and also hear someone talking
in your other ear. Cleverly, Cherry found it was impossible for his participants to know whether the message in the other ear
was spoken by a man or woman, in English or another language, or was even comprised of real words at all! In other words,
people could not ____________________________________.
① decide what they should do in the moment
② remember a message with too many words
③ analyze which information was more accurate
④ speak their own ideas while listening to others
⑤ process two pieces of information at the same time

In the studies of Colin Cherry at the Massachusetts Institute for Technology back in the 1950s, his participants listened to
voices in one ear at a time and then through both ears in an effort to determine whether we can listen to two people talk at the
same time. One ear always contained a message that the listener had to repeat back (called “shadowing”) while the other ear
included people speaking. The trick was to see if you could totally focus on the main message and also hear someone talking
in your other ear. Cleverly, Cherry found it was impossible for his participants to know whether the message in the other ear
was spoken by a man or woman, in English or another language, or was even comprised of real words at all! In other words,
people could not ____________________________________.
① decide what they should do in the moment
② remember a message with too many words
③ analyze which information was more accurate
④ speak their own ideas while listening to others
⑤ process two pieces of information at the same time
<NOTE>

13강
01. 빈칸추론
In the course of his research on business strategy and the environment, Michael Porter noticed a peculiar pattern: Businesses
seemed to be profiting from regulation. He also discovered that the stricter regulations were prompting more ______________
than the weaker ones. The Dutch flower industry provides an illustration. For many years, the companies producing Holland’s
world- renowned tulips and other cut flowers were also contaminating the country’s water and soil with fertilizers and
pesticides. In 1991, the Dutch government adopted a policy designed to cut pesticide use in half by 2000 ― a goal they
ultimately achieved. Facing increasingly strict regulation, greenhouse growers realized they had to develop new methods if
they were going to maintain product quality with fewer pesticides. In response, they shifted to a cultivation method that
circulates water in closed-loop systems and grows flowers in a rock wool substrate. The new system not only reduced the
pollution released into the environment; it also increased profits by giving companies greater control over growing conditions.
*substrate 배양판
① innovation
② resistance
③ fairness
④ neglect
⑤ unity

In the course of his research on business strategy and the environment, Michael Porter noticed a peculiar pattern: Businesses
seemed to be profiting from regulation. He also discovered that the stricter regulations were prompting more ______________
than the weaker ones. The Dutch flower industry provides an illustration. For many years, the companies producing Holland’s
world- renowned tulips and other cut flowers were also contaminating the country’s water and soil with fertilizers and
pesticides. In 1991, the Dutch government adopted a policy designed to cut pesticide use in half by 2000 ― a goal they
ultimately achieved. Facing increasingly strict regulation, greenhouse growers realized they had to develop new methods if
they were going to maintain product quality with fewer pesticides. In response, they shifted to a cultivation method that
circulates water in closed-loop systems and grows flowers in a rock wool substrate. The new system not only reduced the
pollution released into the environment; it also increased profits by giving companies greater control over growing conditions.
*substrate 배양판
① innovation
② resistance
③ fairness
④ neglect
⑤ unity
<NOTE>

14강
01. 빈칸추론
Negative numbers are a lot more abstract than positive numbers ― you can’t see negative 4 cookies and you certainly can’t eat
them ― but you can think about them, and you have to, in all aspects of daily life, from debts to contending with freezing
temperatures and parking garages. Still, many of us haven’t quite made peace with negative numbers. People have invented all
sorts of funny little mental strategies to _____________________. On mutual fund statements, losses (negative numbers) are
printed in red or stuck in parentheses with no negative sign to be found. The history books tell us that Julius Caesar was born
in 100 B.C., not -100. The underground levels in a parking garage often have designations like B1 and B2. Temperatures are
one of the few exceptions: folks do say, especially here in Ithaca, New York, that it’s -5 degrees outside, though even then,
many prefer to say 5 below zero. There’s something about that negative sign that just looks so unpleasant.
*parentheses 괄호
① sidestep the dreaded negative sign
② resolve stock market uncertainties
③ compensate for complicated calculating processes
④ unify the systems of expressing numbers below zero
⑤ face the truth that subtraction can create negative numbers

Negative numbers are a lot more abstract than positive numbers ― you can’t see negative 4 cookies and you certainly can’t eat
them ― but you can think about them, and you have to, in all aspects of daily life, from debts to contending with freezing
temperatures and parking garages. Still, many of us haven’t quite made peace with negative numbers. People have invented all
sorts of funny little mental strategies to _____________________. On mutual fund statements, losses (negative numbers) are
printed in red or stuck in parentheses with no negative sign to be found. The history books tell us that Julius Caesar was born
in 100 B.C., not -100. The underground levels in a parking garage often have designations like B1 and B2. Temperatures are
one of the few exceptions: folks do say, especially here in Ithaca, New York, that it’s -5 degrees outside, though even then,
many prefer to say 5 below zero. There’s something about that negative sign that just looks so unpleasant.
*parentheses 괄호
① sidestep the dreaded negative sign
② resolve stock market uncertainties
③ compensate for complicated calculating processes
④ unify the systems of expressing numbers below zero
⑤ face the truth that subtraction can create negative numbers
<NOTE>

15강
01. 빈칸추론
Think of the brain as a city. If you were to look out over a city and ask “where is the economy located?” you’d see there’s no
good answer to the question. Instead, the economy emerges from the interaction of all the elements ― from the stores and
the banks to the merchants and the customers. And so it is with the brain’s operation: it doesn’t happen in one spot. Just as in
a city, no neighborhood of the brain _________________. In brains and in cities, everything emerges from the interaction between
residents, at all scales, locally and distantly. Just as trains bring materials and textiles into a city, which become processed into
the economy, so the raw electrochemical signals from sensory organs are transported along superhighways of neurons. There
the signals undergo processing and transformation into our conscious reality.
*electrochemical 전기화학의
① operates in isolation
② suffers from rapid changes
③ resembles economic elements
④ works in a systematic way
⑤ interacts with another

Think of the brain as a city. If you were to look out over a city and ask “where is the economy located?” you’d see there’s no
good answer to the question. Instead, the economy emerges from the interaction of all the elements ― from the stores and
the banks to the merchants and the customers. And so it is with the brain’s operation: it doesn’t happen in one spot. Just as in
a city, no neighborhood of the brain _________________. In brains and in cities, everything emerges from the interaction between
residents, at all scales, locally and distantly. Just as trains bring materials and textiles into a city, which become processed into
the economy, so the raw electrochemical signals from sensory organs are transported along superhighways of neurons. There
the signals undergo processing and transformation into our conscious reality.
*electrochemical 전기화학의
① operates in isolation
② suffers from rapid changes
③ resembles economic elements
④ works in a systematic way
⑤ interacts with another
<NOTE>

16강
01. 빈칸추론
We worry that the robots are taking our jobs, but just as common a problem is that the robots are taking our _______________.
In the large warehouses so common behind the scenes of today’s economy, human ‘pickers’ hurry around grabbing products
off shelves and moving them to where they can be packed and dispatched. In their ears are headpieces: the voice of ‘Jennifer’,
a piece of software, tells them where to go and what to do, controlling the smallest details of their movements. Jennifer breaks
down instructions into tiny chunks, to minimise error and maximise productivity ― for example, rather than picking eighteen
copies of a book off a shelf, the human worker would be politely instructed to pick five. Then another five. Then yet another
five. Then another three. Working in such conditions reduces people to machines made of flesh. Rather than asking us to think
or adapt, the Jennifer unit takes over the thought process and treats workers as an inexpensive source of some visual
processing and a pair of opposable thumbs.
*dispatch 발송하다 **chunk 덩어리
① reliability
② judgment
③ endurance
④ sociability
⑤ cooperation

We worry that the robots are taking our jobs, but just as common a problem is that the robots are taking our _______________.
In the large warehouses so common behind the scenes of today’s economy, human ‘pickers’ hurry around grabbing products
off shelves and moving them to where they can be packed and dispatched. In their ears are headpieces: the voice of ‘Jennifer’,
a piece of software, tells them where to go and what to do, controlling the smallest details of their movements. Jennifer breaks
down instructions into tiny chunks, to minimise error and maximise productivity ― for example, rather than picking eighteen
copies of a book off a shelf, the human worker would be politely instructed to pick five. Then another five. Then yet another
five. Then another three. Working in such conditions reduces people to machines made of flesh. Rather than asking us to think
or adapt, the Jennifer unit takes over the thought process and treats workers as an inexpensive source of some visual
processing and a pair of opposable thumbs.
*dispatch 발송하다 **chunk 덩어리
① reliability
② judgment
③ endurance
④ sociability
⑤ cooperation
<NOTE>

17강
01. 빈칸추론
___________________________ boosts sales. Brian Wansink, Professor of Marketing at Cornell University, investigated the
effectiveness of this tactic in 1998. He persuaded three supermarkets in Sioux City, Iowa, to offer Campbell’s soup at a small
discount: 79 cents rather than 89 cents. The discounted soup was sold in one of three conditions: a control, where there was
no limit on the volume of purchases, or two tests, where customers were limited to either four or twelve cans. In the unlimited
condition shoppers bought 3.3 cans on average, whereas in the scarce condition, when there was a limit, they bought 5.3 on
average. This suggests scarcity encourages sales. The findings are particularly strong because the test took place in a
supermarket with genuine shoppers. It didn’t rely on claimed data, nor was it held in a laboratory where consumers might
behave differently.
*tactic 전략
① Promoting products through social media
② Reducing the risk of producing poor quality items
③ Restricting the number of items customers can buy
④ Offering several options that customers find attractive
⑤ Emphasizing the safety of products with research data

___________________________ boosts sales. Brian Wansink, Professor of Marketing at Cornell University, investigated the
effectiveness of this tactic in 1998. He persuaded three supermarkets in Sioux City, Iowa, to offer Campbell’s soup at a small
discount: 79 cents rather than 89 cents. The discounted soup was sold in one of three conditions: a control, where there was
no limit on the volume of purchases, or two tests, where customers were limited to either four or twelve cans. In the unlimited
condition shoppers bought 3.3 cans on average, whereas in the scarce condition, when there was a limit, they bought 5.3 on
average. This suggests scarcity encourages sales. The findings are particularly strong because the test took place in a
supermarket with genuine shoppers. It didn’t rely on claimed data, nor was it held in a laboratory where consumers might
behave differently.
*tactic 전략
① Promoting products through social media
② Reducing the risk of producing poor quality items
③ Restricting the number of items customers can buy
④ Offering several options that customers find attractive
⑤ Emphasizing the safety of products with research data
<NOTE>

18강
01. 빈칸추론
One unspoken truth about creativity ― it isn’t about wild talent so much as it is about _________________. To find a few ideas
that work, you need to try a lot that don’t. It’s a pure numbers game. Geniuses don’t necessarily have a higher success rate
than other creators; they simply do more ― and they do a range of different things. They have more successes and more
failures. That goes for teams and companies too. It’s impossible to generate a lot of good ideas without also generating a lot
of bad ideas. The thing about creativity is that at the outset, you can’t tell which ideas will succeed and which will fail. So the
only thing you can do is try to fail faster so that you can move onto the next idea.
* at the outset : 처음에
① sensitivity
② superiority
③ imagination
④ productivity
⑤ achievement

One unspoken truth about creativity ― it isn’t about wild talent so much as it is about _________________. To find a few ideas
that work, you need to try a lot that don’t. It’s a pure numbers game. Geniuses don’t necessarily have a higher success rate
than other creators; they simply do more ― and they do a range of different things. They have more successes and more
failures. That goes for teams and companies too. It’s impossible to generate a lot of good ideas without also generating a lot
of bad ideas. The thing about creativity is that at the outset, you can’t tell which ideas will succeed and which will fail. So the
only thing you can do is try to fail faster so that you can move onto the next idea.
* at the outset : 처음에
① sensitivity
② superiority
③ imagination
④ productivity
⑤ achievement
<NOTE>


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정의로운 독해 유형 별 독해 접근법과 문제풀이 훈련을 통해 영어독해 근육 기르기

Main idea 유형:

(심화편) 빈칸추론/함의추론, 요약문완성

# Main idea(심화편): 접근법

정의쌤이 직접 운영하는 토깽이마을! 네이버카페 정의로운 영어 café.naver.com/teacherjustice

# Main idea(심화편): 빈칸추론 맛보기

2009학년도 6월 평가원 25번 <예습 & 수업>

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

handed down through the generations.

<예습: 핵심정리> <수업: 필기노트>

정의쌤이 직접 운영하는 토깽이마을! 네이버카페 정의로운 영어 café.naver.com/teacherjustice

2009학년도 6월 평가원 25번 < 복습 & 체화 >

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

handed down through the generations.

<예습: 핵심정리> <수업: 필기노트>

정의쌤이 직접 운영하는 토깽이마을! 네이버카페 정의로운 영어 café.naver.com/teacherjustice

2022학년도 고1 11월 모의고사 31번 <예습 & 수업>

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

tendencies to delay things ― improves self-control and performance.

<예습: 핵심정리> <수업: 필기노트>

정의쌤이 직접 운영하는 토깽이마을! 네이버카페 정의로운 영어 café.naver.com/teacherjustice

2022학년도 고1 11월 모의고사 31번 <복습 & 체화>

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

tendencies to delay things ― improves self-control and performance.

정의쌤이 직접 운영하는 토깽이마을! 네이버카페 정의로운 영어 café.naver.com/teacherjustice

2023학년도 고2 3월 모의고사 33번 <예습 & 수업>

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

ranging social value.

*adherent 추종자 **threshold 기준점

① be a large enough group to be considered a society

② have historical evidence to make it worth believing

③ apply their individual values to all of their affairs

④ follow a strict order to enhance their self-esteem

⑤ get approval in light of the religious value system

<예습: 핵심정리> <수업: 필기노트>

정의쌤이 직접 운영하는 토깽이마을! 네이버카페 정의로운 영어 café.naver.com/teacherjustice

2023학년도 고2 3월 모의고사 33번 <복습 & 체화>

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

ranging social value.

*adherent 추종자 **threshold 기준점

① be a large enough group to be considered a society

② have historical evidence to make it worth believing

③ apply their individual values to all of their affairs

④ follow a strict order to enhance their self-esteem

⑤ get approval in light of the religious value system

정의쌤이 직접 운영하는 토깽이마을! 네이버카페 정의로운 영어 café.naver.com/teacherjustice

2022학년도 고1 11월 모의고사 33번 <예습 & 수업>

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

*lure 유혹하다 **mast 돛대

① letting go of all-or-nothing mindset

② finding reasons why you want to change

③ locking yourself out of your temptations

④ building a plan and tracking your progress

⑤ focusing on breaking one bad habit at a time

<예습: 핵심정리> <수업: 필기노트>

정의쌤이 직접 운영하는 토깽이마을! 네이버카페 정의로운 영어 café.naver.com/teacherjustice

2022학년도 고1 11월 모의고사 33번 <복습 & 체화>

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.