ETAP Knowledge Base

3-Winding Transformers
Calculations of Zero-Sequence Impedance with Buried Delta Winding
Based on Zero-Sequence Short Circuit Impedance Test Values Between All Windings

Description: Calculations of 3-winding transformer zero-sequence entries of ETAP based on

zero-sequence short circuit impedance test values between all the windings
Category: 3-Winding Transformer, Buried Delta Winding

Type: Calculation

Keywords: 3-Winding Transformer, Zero Sequence Impedance, Buried Delta Option

Assume the transformer is symmetric, the Z matrix is symmetric with 6 independent entries.

𝑍11 𝑍12 𝑍13

𝑍 = [𝑍12 𝑍22 𝑍23 ]
𝑍13 𝑍23 𝑍33

Therefore, 6 sets of test data are required to build the matrix. The circuit diagram of Figure 1 is
used to build the Z matrix based on the test data.

Figure 1: Impedance between two buses based on system Z matrix

Page 1 of 2
This document is confidential and proprietary to Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others
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Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 ETAP Knowledge Base

3-Winding Transformers
Calculations of Zero-Sequence Impedance with Buried Delta Winding
Based on Zero-Sequence Short Circuit Impedance Test Values Between All Windings

HV = Primary Winding
XV = Secondary winding
YV = Tertiary Winding

% Short circuit test data for

HV to Buried Delta = 𝑍𝐻𝐻

XV to Buried delta = 𝑍𝑋𝑋
YV to Buried delta = 𝑍𝑌𝑌
HV to XV, excluding Buried Delta = 𝑍𝐻𝑋
HV to YV, excluding Buried Delta = 𝑍𝐻𝑌
XV to YV, excluding Buried Delta = 𝑍𝑋𝑌

Based on Figure 1, Z matrix entries:

𝑍11 = 𝑍𝐻𝐻
𝑍22 = 𝑍𝑋𝑋
𝑍33 = 𝑍𝑌𝑌

𝑍12 = 0.5 ∗ (𝑍11 + 𝑍22 − 𝑍𝐻𝑋 )

𝑍13 = 0.5 ∗ (𝑍11 + 𝑍33 − 𝑍𝐻𝑌 )
𝑍23 = 0.5 ∗ (𝑍22 + 𝑍33 − 𝑍𝑋𝑌 )

ETAP impedance 𝑍𝑝 is defined as Primary winding to Buried Delta, 𝑍𝑆 is defined as Secondary

winding to Buried Delta and 𝑍𝑡 is defined as Tertiary winding to Buried Delta,

𝑍𝑝 = 𝑍11
𝑍𝑠 = 𝑍22
𝑍𝑡 = 𝑍33

ETAP impedance 𝑍𝑝𝑠 is defined as Primary winding to Secondary and Buried Delta , 𝑍𝑝𝑡 is defined
as Primary winding to Tertiary and Buried Delta and 𝑍𝑠𝑡 is defined as Secondary winding to Tertiary
and Buried Delta.

Based on Figure 1 and Z matrix,

𝑍𝑝𝑠 = (𝑍11 − 𝑍12 ) + 𝑍12 //(𝑍22 − 𝑍12 )

𝑍𝑝𝑡 = (𝑍11 − 𝑍13 ) + 𝑍13 //(𝑍33 − 𝑍13 )
𝑍𝑠𝑡 = (𝑍22 − 𝑍23 ) + 𝑍23 //(𝑍33 − 𝑍23 )

Page 2 of 2
This document is confidential and proprietary to Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others
without the written authorization of Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2014 by Operation
Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.