ABHAY MAHAJAN

B.Tech. IIT Roorkee

➔ 12+ years teaching experience
➔ Mentored and taught around 20000+ students
➔ Produced 400+ IIT selections
➔ 15+ INMO selections
➔ 2 EGMO Selection
Basic Identities
Basic Identities

1 (a – b) (a + b) = a2 – b2

2 (a ± b)2 = a2 ± 2ab + b2

3 (a ± b) (a2 ∓ ab + b2) = a3 ± b3
Basic Identities

4 (a ± b)3 = a3 ± 3a2b + 3ab2 ± b3

5 (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + abc + 2ca

Generalization of Formulae

(a –b) (a3 + a2b + ab2 + b3) = a4 – b4

(a –b) (a4 + a3b + a2b2 + ab3 + b3) = a5 – b5

(a –b) (an–1 + an–2b +.....+abn–2 + bn–1)

= an –bn for all n ∈ ℕ
Generalization of Formulae

(a + b) (an–1 – an–2b +.....– abn–2 + bn–1)

= an + bn for odd n ∈ ℕ
Derived Basic Formulas

1 a2 + b2 = (a ± b)2 ∓ 2ab

2 (a + b)2 – (a–b)2 = 4ab

3 a3 ± b3 =(a ± b)3 ∓ 3ab (a ± b)

4 a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc =(a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 –ab – bc –ca)

Special Case: If a + b + c = 0, then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

Important Result:
SSSMO 1998
Q1. Suppose a; b are two numbers such that
a2 + b2 + 8a - 14b + 65 = 0:
Find the value of a2 + ab + b2.
SSSMO 1998
Q1. Suppose a; b are two numbers such that
a2 + b2 + 8a - 14b + 65 = 0:
Find the value of a2 + ab + b2.

Answer: 37
SSSMO 1998
Q1. Suppose a; b are two numbers such that
a2 + b2 + 8a - 14b + 65 = 0:
Find the value of a2 + ab + b2.

Solution:
Q2. Given = a (a ≠0), Find the Value of
Q2. Given = a (a ≠0), Find the Value of

Solution:
Q3. Given a + b + c + d = 0, Find the Value of k if
a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 = k(abc + bcd + cda + dab)
Q3. Given a + b + c + d = 0, Find the Value of k if
a3 + b3 + c3 + d3 = k(abc + bcd + cda + dab)

Solution:
Q4. Given the expression x2 - xy - 2y2 + 8x + ay - 9. Find
possible values of the constant a, such that the
polynomial can be factorized as product of two
linear polynomials.
Q4. Given the expression x2 - xy - 2y2 + 8x + ay - 9. Find
possible values of the constant a, such that the
polynomial can be factorized as product of two
linear polynomials.
Solution:
Q5. For any real numbers a, b and c, find the smallest
possible values that the following expression can take :
Q5. For any real numbers a, b and c, find the smallest
possible values that the following expression can take
:

Solution:
By completing squares,

The value 192 is obtainable when a = 3b, c = 3, Thus, the

smallest possible value of the given expression is 192.
Q6. a, b are positive integers. Find the fraction
satisfying and such that b is
minimum.
 Q6. a, b are positive integers. Find the fraction
satisfying and such that b is
minimum.
Solution:
For n = 2 a > 16 & a < 18
For a = 17, b = 19

As b is integer

a > 8n & a < 9n

Q7. Given
a4 + a3 + a2 + a + 1 = 0.
Find the value of a2000 + a2010 + 1.
 Q7. Given
a4 + a3 + a2 + a + 1 = 0.
Find the value of a2000 + a2010 + 1.

Solution:
Q8. Given that the real numbers x, y, z satisfy the system
of equations x + y + z = 6, x2 + y2 + z2 = 26, x3 + y3 + z3 =
90, then find the value of xyz and x4 + y4 + z4.
Q8. Given that the real numbers x, y, z satisfy the system
of equations x + y + z = 6, x2 + y2 + z2 = 26, x3 + y3 + z3 =
90, then find the value of xyz and x4 + y4 + z4.

Solution:

Since

∴
Q8. Given that the real numbers x, y, z satisfy the system
of equations x + y + z = 6, x2 + y2 + z2 = 26, x3 + y3 + z3 =
90, then find the value of xyz and x4 + y4 + z4.

Further, by completing squares,

 Pre-RMO Level

Basics
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