MULTIPLE CHOICE

LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
2.4 Sampling and Sample Preparation
_____1. Sampling type that eliminates questions of bias in selection
a. composite c. systematic
b. stratified d. random
_____2. When aqueous and nonaqueous liquids are combined, they usually form an
immiscible mixture,
such as oil and water. A ________ helps in separating the liquids into two samples.
a. pipet c. separatory funnel
b. beaker d. rotary evaporator
_____3. Mixtures of liquids and solids are usually separated prior analysis by
a. filtering
b.decanting
c. centrifuging
d. All of the above
_____4. Pre-treatment of solid samples prior analysis.
a. Leaching and extraction of soluble components
b. Filtering of mixtures of solids, liquids and gases to leave particulate (solid)
matterc. Grinding
d. All of the above
_____5. In the decomposition and dissolution of solids during sample preparation, which of
the following is expensive and often the last resort?
a. Acid treatment using oxidation c. Dissolution using ultrasound and
appropriate solvent
b. Fusion technique d. Simple dissolution
_____6. Reliability of the results decreases with a decrease in the level or concentration of the:
a. matrix c. reactant
b. analyte d. product
_____7. Properties of nitric acid making it the preferred acid for digesting samples for the
analysis of
metals
a. acts as a strong acid
b. as an oxidizing agent
c. does not form insoluble compounds with metals/nonmetals
d. All of the above
_____8. Primary sample preparation method for organics
 a. Sonication
b. Acid-digestion
c. Extraction
d. All of the above
_____9. Possible sources of contamination during sample preparation include:
a. Reagents (tracers)
b. Glassware/equipment
c. Cross-contamination between high- and low-activity samples
d. All of the above
_____10. Containers that should not be used for dry ashing because the elevated
temperatures
exceed the melting point of these materials
a. zirconium
b. platinum
c. Glass and plastic
d. porcelain
_____11. The size of the sample taken for analysis depends on the concentration of the
a. analyte
b. equipment to be used
c. specific tests
d. All of the above
_____12. Equipment commonly used to homogenize the contents of an open beaker.
a. Magnetic stirrer
b V-blenders
c. Ball and rod mills
d. tube rotator
_____13. The maximum holding time for acid preserved samples that will be subjected to
determination of
metals is
a. 3 months c. 6 months
b. 1 week d. 48 hours
_____14. A fraction of the sample actually used in the final laboratory analysis.
a. composite sample c. laboratory sample
b. sub-sample d. a, b and c
_____15. A change in the analytical signal caused by anything in the sample other than
analyte.
a. matrix effect c. absorbance
b. interference d. transmittance
_____16. Medium containing analyte.
a. reactant b. matrix c. solute d. reference material
_____17. The total error of an analytical result is the sum of
 a. sampling
b. sample preparation
c. analytical errors
d. All of the above
_____18. The holding time for samples for metal determination preserved using nitric acid, 4
mL of dilute
3:1 is
a. 28 days b. 2 weeks c. 3 days d. 1 year
_____19. When samples cannot be dried because they decompose at the temperatures
necessary to drive off the water, the samples can be analyzed as
a. wet basis
b. dry basis
c. received basis
d. All of the above
_____20. Organic components in solid samples are extracted from the matrix by
continuously washing the solid with a volatile solvent in a specialized piece of
glassware
a. Soxhlet extraction b. Ultrasonic extraction d. Filtration d. Rotary
evaporation
_____21. In liquid-liquid extraction, it is often necessary to determine which liquid is aqueous
and which
liquid is nonaqueous. To test the liquids, add a drop of water to the top layer. If the
drop dissolves
in the top layer, the top layer is
a. nonaqueous b. aqueous c. miscible d. denser
_____22. It is important to discard containers that are scratched or abraded on their interior
surfaces. The
internal surface area of a container, whether used for sample preparation or
storage, may cause
loss of
a. matrix
b. analyte
c. weight
d. ash
_____23. Process by which a sample population is reduced in size to an amount of
homogeneous material
that can be conveniently handled in the lab in which the composition is
representative of the
population.
a. selection
b monitoring
c. sampling
d. segregation
_____24. As a general rule, the error in sampling and the sample preparation portion of an
analytical
procedure is considerably higher than that in the
a. methodology
b treatment
c. preservation
d. subsampling
_____25. Locating the adulterated portion of the lot for sampling is an example of
a. random sampling
b. selective sampling
c. composite sampling
d. stratified sampling
_____26. Homogenization during sample preparation can be achieved using mechanical
devices (e.g.,
grinders, mixers, slicers, blenders), enzymatic methods (e.g., proteases, cellulases,
lipases) or
chemical methods (e.g., strong acids, strong bases, detergents).
a. mechanical devices (mixers, blenders, etc.)
b enzymatic methods
c. chemical methods
d. All of the above
_____27. Glass container is not suitable for
a. inorganic trace analyses
b. oil and grease determination
c. microbiological analyses
d. all of the above
_____27. To increase/decrease analyte concentration, pre-concentration is needed for
almost all trace
analysis, ________ is used for the analysis of highly contaminated samples so the
concentration
falls within the calibration range.
a. centrifugation
b. separation
c. dilution
d. all of the above
_____28. Chemical derivatization is used to increase or decrease volatility for _________
analysis
a. AAS
b. GC and HPLC
c. PCR
d. X-ray Diffraction
_____28. Acid digestion via hot-plate digestion or microwave-assisted is one way of sample
preparation
in the analysis of
a. Total metal
b. Bioactive compounds
 c. Alcohols
d. Sugars
_____29. GFAA (Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption) do not use HCl since Cl- interferes.
Diluted
______ acid is used.
a. Phosphoric Acid
b. Acetic acid
c. Nitric Acid
d. Sulfuric Acid
_____30. Partitioning of analytes between water phase and organic phase
a. Liquid-liquid extraction
b. Soli phase extraction
c. Ultrasonic extraction
d. Pressured Fluid Extraction (PFE)
2.5 Preparation of Reagents and Chemical Analysis
______1. Calculate the equivalent weight and normality for a solution of 6.0 M H3PO4 given
the following
reactions:
(a) H3PO4(aq) + 3OH–(aq) PO43–2–(aq) + 3H2O(l)+
(b) H3PO4(aq) + 2NH 3(aq) HPO4 (aq) + 2NH4 (aq)
(c) H3PO4(aq) + F–(aq) H2PO4–(aq) + HF(aq)
a. (a) 18 N, (b) 12 N and (c) 6N
b. (a) 12 N, (b) 18 N and (c) 6N
c. (a) 6 N, (b) 12 N and (c) 18N
d. (a) 16 N, (b) 12 N and (c) 3N
______2. What is the molality of solution made by dissolve 25 g of NaCl in to 2.0 Liter of water.
Assume
the density of water d = 1.0 g/mL (= kg/L).
a. 0.210 m
b. 0.250 m
c. 0.211 m
d. 0.214 m
______3. The amounts of all constituents in the samples were determined
a. Complete (or ultimate) analysis
b. Partial analysis
c. Elemental analysis
d. All of the above
______4. Implies that the constituent determined was present in high concentration
a. Trace analysis
b. Macro analysis
c. Elemental analysis
d. All of the above
______5. Quantitative chemicall analysis of weighing a sample, usually of a separated and
dried precipitate.
a. Titrimetric analysis
b. Volumetric analysis
c. Gravimetric analysis
d. Elemental analysis
______6. A chemical grade of highest purity and meets or exceeds purity standards set by
American
Chemical Society
a. Technical grade
b. Laboratory grade
c. Pure or practical grade
d. ACS grade
______7. Which of the following is a primary standard for use in standardizing bases?
a. Ammonium hydroxide
b. Sulfuric acid
c. Acetic acid
d. Potassium hydrogen phthalate
______8. How would you prepare 500.0 mL of 0.2500 M NaOH solution starting from a
concentration of
1.000 M?
a. Transfer 125 mL from initial solution (1.000 M) and complete with solvent
to 500.0 mL.
b. Transfer 121 mL from initial solution (1.000 M) and complete with solvent to
500.0 mL.
c. Transfer 122 mL from initial solution (1.000 M) and complete with solvent to
500.0 mL.
d. Transfer 112 mL from initial solution (1.000 M) and complete with solvent to
500.0 mL.
______9. A student performs five titrations and obtains a mean result of 0.110 M, with a
standard
deviation of 0.001 M. If the actual concentration of the titrated solution is 0.100 M,
which of the
following is true about the titration results?
a. Accurate but not precise c. Both accurate and precise
b. Precise but not accurate d. Neither accurate nor precise
______10. How many grams of Sodium Persulfate (Na2S2O8) required to prepare a 1 L
solution of Sodium
Persulfate with concentration of 10% (w/v). This solution is widely used as oxidizing
reagent for
Total Organic Carbon analyzer (TOC).
a. 100 g of Sodium Persulfate
b. 101 g of Sodium Persulfate
c. 102 g of Sodium Persulfate
d. 99 g of Sodium Persulfate
______11. A solution has been prepared by transfer 60 mL from Ortho-phosphoric acid 85 %
(v/v) H3PO4
and dilute to 1.0 L, what is the concentration of the new solution.
a. 10.10%
b. 9.25%
c. 12.2%
d. 5.10%
______12. A student has got three stock standard solutions of 3 different elements, zinc (Zn)
2000 ppm,
cadmium (Cd) 1500 ppm and lead (Pb) 1000 ppm. A student took 10 mL from
each solution
and transfers it to 200 mL volumetric flask then completed to total volume with
solvent. What
is the final concentration of each element in the diluted mix solution?
a. 50 ppm Zinc, 32 ppm Cd, 25 ppm Pb
b. 100 ppm Zinc, 75 ppm Cd, 50 ppm Pb
c. 75 ppm Zinc, 75 ppm Cd, 50 ppm Pb
d. 100 ppm Zinc, 25 ppm Cd, 25 ppm Pb
______13. Bidirectional harpoons or double arrows (⇆) should be used to indicate ________
reactions
a. one sided
b. resonance
c. dynamic
d. reversible
______14. In the preparation of 1 liter of 1.0 N acid from 35% Hydrochloric Acid, what weight
of the impure acid should be taken, assuming standardization in the recommended manner?
a. 101.29
b. 113.29
c. 111.29
d. 124.89
______15. A few ways in which solution composition can be described are as follows.
a. Molarity
b. Normality
c. Molality
d. All of the above
______16. The substance which does the dissolving and must
be greater than 50% of the solution.
a. solvent
b. solute
c. mixture
d. solution
______17. Naphthalene (C10H8) is one of aromatic hydrocarbons measured by GC-MS. If
molecular
weight of naphthalene is 128.6 g/mol; how many milligrams are required to
prepare 100 mL of
2,000 ppb stock standard solution of naphthalene from powder Naphthalene
(purity of 91.5 %
w/w)?
a. 2.18
b. 2.1858
c. 2.186
d. 2.1859
______18. A student has to measure out 9.40 mL of a liquid and selects a 100 mL graduated
cylinder. To
improve the accuracy of the measurement, it would be most effective to:
a. take the average of multiple measurements using the graduated cylinder.
b. measure the liquid using a 25 mL graduated cylinder instead.
c. estimate the measurement obtained from the graduated cylinder to an
additional significant
figure.
d. measure the liquid using a 10 mL graduated pipette instead.
______19. Nitrate (NO3-) anion solution prepared by dissolving 3.0 g of KNO3 in 250 mL of
water. What
is the concentration of Nitrate ion, express the concentration in Molarity and ppm.
a. 0.1187 M, 7359.05 ppm
b. 0.1190 M, 7349.05 ppm
c. 0.1107 M, 7459.00 ppm
d. 0.1120 M, 7400.00 ppm
______20. The number of formula mass of any solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution
a. formality
b. normality
c. molality
d. molarity
______21. A 0.217 g sample of HgO (molar mass = 217 g) reacts with excess iodide ions
according to
the reaction. Titration of the resulting solution requires how many mL of 0.10 M
HCl to reach
equivalence point? HgO + 4 I− + H2O →HgI4 2- + 2 OH−
a. 1.0 mL
b. 10 mL
c. 20 mL
d. 50 mL
______22. If the theoretical yield for a reaction was 156 grams and I actually made 122 grams
of the
product, what is my percent yield?
a. 78.2%
b. 128%
c. 19.0%
d. none of these
______23. The method of standardization can be used if a _______________ reacts quantitatively
with the
reagent needed in the standard solution.
a. primary standard
b. secondary standard
c. working standards
d. intermediate solution
______24. You have a stock solution of 15.8 M HNO3. How many mL of this solution should
you dilute
using only a graduated pipette to make 100.0 mL of .250 M HNO3?
a. 1.58
b. 1.582
c. 1.50
d. 1.583
______26. If 56.0 g of Li reacts with 56.0 g of N2, 93.63 grams of Li3N can be produced. How
many grams
of Nitrogen remains? What is the limiting reactant?
a. 19.3 g; Nitrogen
b. 18.3 g N; Lithium
c. 20.3 g N; none
d. 18.39 ; Lithiumg
______27. HCl cannot be considered to be a primary standard because of its gaseous form at
room
temperature, but its solutions may be standardized against anhydrous ______.
a. NaSO4
b. NaHCO3
c. Na2CO3
d. All of the above
______28. When making a solution from a solid reagent, if necessary, dry the solid reagent on
a clean, oven
dried, watch glass at 105 ºC for 2 hours and cool it in a desiccator.
a. 121 ºC
b. 105 ºC
c. 80 ºC
d. 118 ºC
______29. Requirements of a primary standards.
a. High Purity, 99.9% or better
b. Stability in air
c. Absence of hydrate water
d. All of the above
______30. Blank samples are prepared so that you have a measure of the amount that needs
always to be
added to or subtracted from the end point to achieve the ________point.
a. titration error
 b. equivalence
c. accuracy
d. precision
2.3 Qualify Laboratory Equipment/Apparatus/Glasswares
______1. Which is not a volumetric glassware?
a. beaker
b. burette
c. pippette
d. volumetric flask
______2. Ambient laboratory conditions are not the same to standard conditions, therefore
the volumes
dispensed in volumetric glassware are often not the same as the manufacturer's
specifications, but
within some acceptable limits determined by the manufacturer. This slight variation
in volume
will cause a _________ error that are based on volume-volume or mass-volume
concentrations.
a. random
b. systematic
c. gross
d. all of the above
______3. Glass cuvettes are typically for use in the wavelength range of visible light, whereas
fused quartz
tends to be used for ____________ applications.
a. microwave
b. IR
c. uv/visible
d. none of the above
______4. In this column type, the retention is governed by the interaction of the polar parts of
the stationary
phase and solute.
a. reverse phase
b. ion exchange
c. column guard
d. normal phase
______5. A stable light source in AAS analysis, which is necessary to emit the sharp
characteristic spectrum
of the element to be determined
a. Tungsten lamp
b. hollow cathode lamp
c. deuterium lamp
d. Nerst blower
______6. The HPLC column type in which molecules are separated according to size.
a. Ion exchange
 b. size exclusion
c. normal phase
d. reverse phase
______7. Non Polar Reverse phase and C8 (octyl bonded silica) are commonly used for
hydrophobic
Analytes in solid phase extraction. An example is
a. C18 (octadecyl bonded silica) c. Florisil
b. Resins c. alumina
______8. Filters that can be heated and used in gravimetric analysis.
a. ordinary filter paper
b. GFF
c. Sintered glass fibers
d. none of the above
______9. Objects cannot be weighed when hot or warm. But if you were to take a sample out
and wait for
it to cool it would pick up moisture like that so put it in ________.
a. an oven
b. a dessicator
c. at room temperature
d. fumehood
______10. Weighing to constant weight means a weighing difference of ±0.1mg using a
calibrated
analytical balance.
a. ±1.0 mg
b. ±0.01g
c. ±0.01mg
d. ±0.1mg
______11. The following are common desiccants except for _______
a. Calcium Sulfate
b. Ammonium Acetate
c. Calcium Chloride
d. Magnesium Oxide
______12. During ignition for ashing, muffle furnaces that go up to 1100oC are used primarily
for this and
________ is needed to contain the sample.
a. porcelain crucible
b. evaporating dish
c. beaker
d. all of the above
______13. In making standard solutions, ______ are used for measuring liquid with high
accuracy.
a. beakers
b. volumetric flasks
c. Erlenmeyer flasks
 d. Nesslers Tubes
______14. Used for distillation or heating of liquids, allows uniform heating.
a. round bottom flask
b. Erlenmeyer flask
c. test tube
d. Florence flask
______15. Most popular burettes are 10 mL, 25 mL and 50 mL types. Which has the highest
resolution?
a. 25 mL
b. 10 mL
c. 50 mL
d. All of the above
______16. Used for vacuum filtration using filter paper.
a. gooch crucible
b. Buchner funnel
c. rotary evaporator
d. rubber aspirator
______17. In chromatography, ________ is carried out on glass plates or strips of plastic or
metal coated
on one side with a thin layer of adsorbent.
a. HPLC
b. GC
c. Paper Chromatography
d. Thin Layer Chromatography
______18. The nominal volume of water (or mercury) contained, or delivered by an article of
volumetric glassware, at its reference temperature.
a. capacity
b. liter
c. mL
d. uL
______19. In verification of laboratory glassware, ________ is usually measured in terms of the
tolerance,
which is the uncertainty in a measurement made with the glassware. Class A
volumetric
glassware has a lower tolerance than Class B.
a. mean
b. accuracy
c. difference
d. precision
______20. Glass apparatus that are generally received with calibration certificates from
suppliers.
a. Class B
b. Class A
c. Erlenmeyer flasks
 d. Beakers
2.6 Instrumental Analyses
______1. All proteins absorb electromagnetic radiation of wavelength around 190 nm, which
corresponds
to a excitation in the protein molecule. In which region of the spectrum is this
wavelength found?
a. X-ray
b. ultraviolet
c. Visible
d. Infrared
______2. Chromatography is used to
a. Separate two or more compounds based on their polarities.
b. Separate two or more compounds based on their masses.
c. Separate two or more compounds based on how strongly they interact with
other
compounds.
d) all of the above.
______3. A food scientist has a sample of a plantoil and wants to determine if the oil contains
saturated or
unsaturated fatty acids. Which of the following spectroscopic techniques would
be most
useful for this purpose?
a.ultraviolet spectroscopy
b.visible spectroscopy
c.infrared spectroscopy
d.mass spectroscopy
______4. The concentration at which the calibration curve departs from linearity by a
specified amount.
a. Limit of Blank
b. Dynamic Range
c. Limit of Linearity
d. Limit of quantitation
______5. A graphical representation of measuring signal as a function of quantity of analyte.
a. Calibration curve
b. Quality Control Chart
c. Absorbance Chart
d. None of the above
______6. What is the path of light through a spectrophotometer?
a. meter, photodetector, filter, sample, light source
b. meter, filter sample, photodetector, light source
c. light source, filter, sample, photodetector, meter
d. light source, sample, filter, photodetector, meter
______7. With a “standard” sample with a known absorbance and concentration and a
measured absorbance, it is easy to determine an unknown concentration of †the same
substance by.
a. Beer’s Law
______8. The highest apparent analyte concentration expected to be found when replicates
of a blank sample containing no analyte are tested..
a. Limit of Detection
b. Limit of Blank
c. Limit of Linearity
d. Limit of Quantitation
______9. Motion of the mobile phase through the stationary phase.
a. Elution
b. Retention time
c. Eluent
d. Elution time
______10. A phase which sample is dissolved in may be gas, liquid, or supercritical fluid
a. stationary phase
b. reverse phase
c. normal phase
d. mobile phase
______11. In spectrophotometric methods, the _________ isolates the specific spectrum line
emitted by
the light source through spectral dispersion.
a. monochromator
b. prism
c. sample compartment
d. detector
______12. In AAS method, If the sample concentration is too high to permit accurate analysis
in linearity
response range, there are alternatives that may help bring the absorbance into
the optimum
working range.
a. sample dilution
b. using an alternative wavelength having a lower absorptivity
c. reducing the path length by rotating the burner hand
d. All of the above
______13. A technique for separating mixtures into their components in order to analyze,
identify, purify, and/or quantify the mixture or components.
a. Spectrocopy
b. Chromatography
c. Gravimetry
d. Titrimetry
______14. A “modified” stationary phase where polar solutes run fast i.e. reverse order.
a. Normal phase
b. Reverse phase
c. mobile phase
 d. none of the above
______15. A graph showing the detectors response as a function of elution time : band’s
shapes, position,
resolution
a. monitor display
b. quality control chart
c. calibration curve
d. chromatogram
______16. The pH meter glass probe has two electrodes, one is a glass sensor electrode and
the
other is a _______electrode.
a. reference
b. anode
c. cathode
d. none of the above
______17. Conductivity could be determined using the distance between the electrodes and
their surface
area using Ohm's law but, for accuracy, a calibration is employed using _____ of well-
known conductivity.
a. acid solution
b. basic solution
c. electrolytes
d. buffer solution
______18. The electrical conductivity of water is directly related to the concentration of
dissolved ionized
solids in the water or
a. Total Suspended Solids
b. Total Dissolved Solids
c. Volatile Solids
d. Total Solids
______19. At 510 nm, the iron orthophenanthroline complex has a molar absorptivity of 1.2 x
104. What
is the concentration of iron (in ppm) in a solution which gives an absorbance of
0.002 in a 1.00-
cm path length-3cell?
a. 7.3 x 10 ppm b.8.3 x 10-3 ppm c. 9.3 x 10-3 ppm d.6.3x 10-3
ppm
______20. The light source used in the visible range to 340-1000 nm.
a.deuterium
b. nerst blower
c. tungsten
d.incandescent
______21. The % T of a solution in a 2.00 cm cell is 50. Calculate the %T of this solution in a 1.0
cm cell
path length.
 a. 71 b. 19 c. 27 d. 20
______22. An air sampling canister was evacuated by the local fire dep’t and brought to the
environmental
lab for analysis. It was said that the sample was taken very near the site where a
rusty 55-gal
drum was found by some children. A reported unpleasant smell near the site was
reported.
Results of gravimetric analysis of the gas in the canister: C – 40%, H- 6.7% , O –
53.33%. What
is the liquid in the drum?
a. CH2O
b. CH3OH
c. CH3CH2O
d. none of the above
______23. A comparison of measuring equipment against a standard instrument of higher
accuracy to
detect, correlate, adjust, rectify and document the accuracy of the instrument
being compared.
a. Verification
b. Validation
c. Calibration
d. none of the above
______24. The property of a result of a measurement whereby it can be related to
appropriate standards,
generally national or international standards, through an unbroken chain of
comparisons.” a. Calibration
b. Accuracy
c. Precision
d.Traceability