Cells

MADE BY: OMAR HAZEM,ZIAD ALAA,YAZAN AJAM,,QUSAI,BADR,AND FAHAD

Introduction

 Good morning, I am Omar Hazem. And my team members

are:Ziad,Qusai,,Yazan Ajam,Badr,and Fahad.
 Today we will talk about a title called cells.
 Also we will explain their components,functions,types,etc…
 I hope you will be satisfied during explanation.
What is a cell?

 Cell is a basic unit of life(the basic building blocks of all living

things).
 The human body is composed of trillions of cells. They provide
structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those
nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. Cells can
also maintain homeostasis. Cells are so small to see with your naked
eyes. You need microscope to be able to see it. Robert Hooke was
the first Biologist who discovered cells.
What are types of cells?

 There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus
membrane-enclosed organelles, and eukaryotic cells, which have a
nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Within eukaryotic cells, you
find animal cells and plant cells etc..., each with specific structures and
functions.
 The primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells lies in the
presence of a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Prokaryotic
cells, found in bacteria and archaea, lack a nucleus and have a simpler
structure. Eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protests,
have a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, allowing for
compartmentalization of functions. Additionally, eukaryotic cells tend to
be larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
What are the components of cells?

 Cells are complex structures with various components that work together to maintain life processes. The
main components of a eukaryotic cell, which includes animal and plant cells, can be broadly categorized
as follows:(Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane),Cytoplasm,Nucleus,Mitochondria,Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER),Golgi Apparatus,Ribosomes,Large Vacuoles (in plant cells), Lysosomes,
Cytoskeleton, Centrioles (in animal cells),Chloroplast(in plant cells),and cell wall(not found in
animal cells)).
 These components work together in a highly coordinated manner to ensure the cell's survival,
growth, and reproduction. It's important to note that the composition of cells can vary
between different types of organisms (e.g., bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes) and cell types.
 We will explain some of the organelles in the next slides.
how does a cell produce and release proteins?

 Protein is an essential macromolecules for your body.

 Proteins are made on ribosomes and packaged into vesicles by the Golgi
apparatus. The vesicles move to the cell membrane and fuse with it,
releasing the proteins from the cell or stays in the cell.
Organelles

 What is cytoplasm?
 The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell. It contains various
organelles and helps with cell metabolism and transportation of materials.
It's like the "goo" that keeps everything in place.
 What is cell wall?
 The cell wall is a rigid outer layer that provides support and protection to
the cell.
 What is cell membrane?
 The cell membrane is a flexible barrier that controls what enters and exits
the cell.
Organelles

 What is cytoskeleton?
 The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that gives the cell shape and helps with movement.
 What is vacuole?
 A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, fungi, and some protests. Vacuoles
store nutrients, ions, sugars, pigments, and other substances. This storage helps plants maintain turgor
pressure, which is essential for the rigidity and structure of plant cells.
 What is mitochondria?
 Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of eukaryotes, including plants, animals,
fungi, and protests. These organelles are often referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell" due to their
crucial role in generating energy
 What is chloroplast?
 Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of plants and some algae. They are
responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in the
form of glucose. Chloroplasts are critical for the energy metabolism of plants and algae.
Summary

 As a summary:
1. Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.
2. Many cells are specialized for their several functions.
3. There are two main types of cells: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
4. Organelles that are responsible for producing and releasing proteins:
Rough ER,Golgi apparatus,Ribosomes,and vesicles.
5. Each organelle have a specific function(S) to perform.
THANK YOU!!!