National University

“DOLOMITE HERITAGE
EDUCATIONAL CENTER:
REINTRODUCING FORGOTTEN
PAST"
ADESGN6S

Created By: Domingo, Julia

Faith S.
ARC212A

ARC212A
 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I
Philippines is known for its natural beauty, rich history, and
promising architecture since the old times. As the example of this is
the history of Manila Bay where the site Dolomite beach is located.
The Manila Bay has been used as an important part of the country's
capital, by serving both a strategic advantage during times of WWII
and having a scenic view most of peaceful times. It was also home
to a variety of biodiverse system, with astonishing upland forest,
mangroves, reefs and many more.
For 333 years of Philippines being colonized by Spaniards, it was
eventually bought by the American Colonizers which is the start of
prosper of the famous Roxas Boulevard, originally known as Cavite
Boulevard in year 1910s, the main road located near the Plan site
Manila Bay “Dolomite beach” in present time. The Roxas Boulevard
has undergone several name changes and been witness of how the
Philippines prosper by means of its evolutionary architecture which
has witnesses the story of the country’s journey into having an
independent governance despite of its brutal pass.
The researchers have found out that many Filipinos has slowly
forgetting the history of Roxas Boulevard before even the site
Dolomite beach has been created.
A. RATIONALE
Provided that the history of Roxas Boulevard, the main road that has
access to catch a glimpse on the Manila Bay Dolomite beach is slowly
evanesces in minds of many. The researcher finds a need to design a
Dolomite Heritage Educational Center that will acquaint the peoples
mind about the history, contribution, and old infrastructures built before
it was developed in the present. In addition, based on the researcher’s
data gathered that talks about topics involving the awareness and
knowledge of people born in generation under baby boomers(1946 –
1954) , who may have experience, thoughts in mind, and give insights of
what Roxas Boulevard look before, its history or even old infrastructures
built before it has now been developed.

Through this design it holds again a special place in the heart of

Filipinos. It also encapsulates the nation's advances toward
modernity while retaining its fading history. The boulevard has
become a representation of resilience, surviving wars, natural
calamities, and rising anew each time it was put to challenges. It
also has a major contribution in economic growth, housing of several
prominent business and establishments, foreign embassies, and
historical landmarks that tell the story of Manila's journey throughout
the past to be what it is now in the present time.
B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Considering that the history of Roxas Boulevard is slowly fading,
the researcher has found the need to propose a development that aims
to enliven history thru rebuilding architecture during the time of
American occupation. This will look at the possibility of developing a
educational center that will showcase history of the Roxas Boulevard
rebuilt architectures during the time of American occupation. In which
also help the government and commercial businesses not only profit
from it but also to learn from the stories that the infrastructures tell that
will provide knowledge that can be passed on to students, and new
generations. Furthermore, this proposed project is to be a key to
showcase the culture, and spirit of the site and old Roxas Boulevard
coexisting together to lighten and even make use of picturesque beauty
of the Boulevard.

MINOR PROBLEM
A. What is the characteristic of architecture designs during the
American Colonial period?
b. What are the facilities needed to design Heritage Educational
Center?
c. How will the Heritage Educational facility use the Experiential
Design to enliven the history of the Roxas Boulevard?
 C. GOAL OF THE STUDY

The goal of the study is to develop “open air”

educational center that will enliven the past and give
ideas about the history of the sites main road in
which impact the peoples mind on importance of
preserving old infrastructures, know their history and
appreciate the scenery of the site. Furthermore,
incorporating the use of experiential design to the
education center development.
 D. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1 2 3
To identify the facilities To create a center that will
To determine the design
needed to be on constructed mimic and use experiential
character of architecture
on the educational center design to the chosen
during the American Colonial
that will help the people to structures during the era of
period (1898–1946).
enliven the history of the American Colonial Period.
Roxas Boulevard?
 E. SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The researcher proposes an educational
center to apprehend awareness to the people
about the slowly vanishing history of Roxas
Boulevard main road to Manila Bay Dolomite
Beach site that will benefit the students,
academies, local citizens, and foreign nationals
due to the learning that the center will provide
to them about the history and infrastructures.
Furthermore, showcases the beauty, character,
challenges, and resilience during the era of
unsure future of the Philippines. In today’s
present time showcasing the promising growth
of the government, tourism, culture, and
community.
 F. SCOPE AND
LIMITATION
The researcher’s study is limited on gathering data
from publish case studies, journals. Interviews, and
articles discussing about Roxas boulevard historical
and infrastructures from American Colonial period.
Furthermore, the educational center shall be on the
site.

G. ASSUMPTIONS
Provided that there is no educational center ever
built to reminisce the past of the Roxas Boulevard,
the researchers assume that the people particularly
the newer generations will eventually forget the
history of the Boulevard aside from old stories and
rumors from elders, which is not enough for the
people to appreciate the history of the Boulevard
itself.
 H. HYPOTHESIS
The researchers’ design will have a successful impact on
enlivening the past of the Roxas Boulevard to the memories of
people which will eventually help on tourism, education, and
community on spreading information and awareness about the
history of the Roxas Boulevard through the use of the heritage
educational center.
I. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Filipinos – native of the Philippine Islands and a citizen of the
Republic of the Philippines,
Galleon - the heavy square-rigged sailing ship of the 15th to early
18th centuries used for war or commerce especially by the
Spanish.

J. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Reminisce - recall to mind of a long-forgotten experience
or fact.
Enliven - to give life, action, or spirit to
Evanesces - to disappear gradually; vanish; fade away.
Acquaint - to make familiar, to cause to know personally.
Glimpse - to look briefly, to get a brief look at.
Resilience - the capability of a strained body to recover its
size and shape after deformation caused especially by
compressive stress, an ability to recover from or adjust
easily to misfortune or change.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
History play an important role on lives of many.
It impacts the perspective of community to a
certain event happening in their area, culture,
customs, and many more. Knowing history of a
certain event or in the researcher study case the
Roxas Boulevard, helps the people understand how
events in the past made things the way they are in
present time. From the learnings, people learn
about themselves, and how they came to be, it also
helps in developing the ability to avoid mistakes
that are created before the event happened which
give way to create better paths for the future
community.
 IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY:
“WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO STUDY HISTORY?” BY
TEAM, M.B (2021 DECEMBER 16)
INTERNATIONAL: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
According to this article it is stated that history should not be forgotten
because of the different lessons learned from it. Which includes the
following information. First, it helps people to understand change.
Filipinos are known for being resilient in times of in need, however if the
people only look why Filipinos are known for being resilient it will come
down to the history of the country itself. History that due to many years
of colonization from different races including Spanish, Japanese, and
American occupation old Filipino communities naturally learn how to
cope to challenges happening around them, they learn how to speak the
language of colonizers, adapt their culture, beliefs, and even
architectural style of the infrastructures that they built that time. In the
present, Filipinos resiliency evolve from problems on colonization to
natural calamities. Local Filipino citizen learn how to find ways on
lightening the heavy emotions made by the natural disasters, by helping
others who are in need, and making other people laugh for a small
period of time. Second, learn from the mistakes committed in the past.
Which is shown by finding solutions on how people would prevent it from
happening again using the lessons that the calamity or event made
them realized. Example of this happening in the COVID 19 Pandemic. Not
only Filipinos realize the need of prioritizing health, it also give way on
enjoying the quality time spend by their families together. That event
makes all people to cherish every moment that past because it made
them realize that in a second, the life of their loved ones can vanish in a
blink of an eye. Lastly, is history made people gain context for the
human experience.
 CULTURAL HERITAGE:
“PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
SITES: METHODOLOGY AND APPLICATION IN
CASE STUDIES.” BY GOUSSOS, J. (2022)
INTERNATIONAL: AMMAN, JORDAN
Based on study it is stated that Cultural heritage
is the social, economic, spiritual, and cultural
capital of irreplaceable value. In related with the
riches of nature, it is one of the main
foundations of national self-esteem and
recognition of the certain community around the
world. Cultural heritage sites vary from
monuments of history and culture, immovable
property associated with the works of art and
other objects of material culture that have been
constructed as a result of historical event that
are valuable in terms of the history, architecture,
urban planning, economic and many other
sciences.
 FILIPINO DEVELOPMENT PROJECT:
“VIEW OF A CRITIQUE OF THE THEME PARK LAS CASAS FILIPINAS DE
ACUZAR BASED ON SOME PRINCIPLES OF HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND
CONTENDING” BY LOPEZ, PAMITTAN, JR., DEMETERIO III (2022)
LOCAL: UP DILIMAN, PHILIPPINES
Popular heritage structures and sites that are made in
Philippines to mimic and enliven the past colonial Spanish era
of the which is now a popular tourism spot, learning center to
students and academe, and has goal for its clients to
experience and visualize what the Philippines look before, with
the help of Architectural Structures that are built to mimic the
original design of old ones on the site was the “Las Casas
Filipinas de Acuzar”
The Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar was opened to the public in
year 2010 as a heritage theme park complete with museums,
amusements, recreational facilities, restaurants, hotels,
squares/parks, and landscapes and waterscapes, that attract
tourist from all over the world and locally. Today, its more than
50 and still growing number of colonial and traditional
Philippine architectural structures that are drawing of Filipino
and foreign tourists to its rather remote location.
 FOREIGN “OPEN-AIR” PROJECT DEVELOPMENTS:
“OPEN-AIR MUSEUMS” BY EXPEDIA GROUP COMPANY. (2024), NAKANO
YŪKO (2023) AND CAÑA, P. J. (2021)
INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL: SWEDEN, JAPAN, PHILIPPINES
The Acuzar was an open-air museum, similar to the Skansen Museum. That
is located on the island of Djurgården in Stockholm and is one of the oldest
open-air museums in the world ever created. The museum was established
in 1891 and is home to among other spectacular things from a historical
Sweden in “miniature”, zoo, an aquarium and several gardens and
eateries based from information on article titled “Open-Air Museum in the
Swedish Capital”. made by Expedia Group company. (2024)”.
Second, The Museum Meiji-Mura that opened in March 1965 in Aichi
Prefecture as Japan’s largest open-air museum. It gathers and preserves
architectural and historical materials from the Meiji era, when the
foundations of modern Japan were laid. to preserve examples of Meiji
architecture slated for demolition and by relocating them and opening
them to the public as a gift to future generations and reminder of the
history of Japan based on article
Lastly, which is the Nayong Pilipino. According to article titled “Asia’s first
living cultural park” published by Caña, P. J. (2021). It is a local tour
through some of the most beautiful regions of the Philippines all in the span
of one day in one certain area. It includes scale models of the Banaue Rice
Terraces in the Cordilleras and Chocolate Hills in Bohol, recreations of the
old houses in Vigan and Mindanao, and Magellan’s Cross in Cebu, and a
lifelike miniature of Mayon Volcano that feature collections that
encompass a national scope.
 THE LOST CITY STACK IN THE PAST:
“THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IN THE PRESERVATION OF
THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE OF CRISOLOGO STREET VIGAN ILOCOS SUR
PHILIPPINES” BY ESTONANTO, C. D. L., JAVIER, J. C. V., CENTENO, P. E. L., &
LAQUINDANUM, E. S. (2019)
LOCAL: VIGAN, PHILIPPINES

Crisologo Street situated in Vigan City. According to the case

study, it is the last surviving site in the Philippines depicting urban
planning and architecture that reflects the mixture of different
cultural imprints on the Filipino heritage including Spanish urban
planning during the timeline of 19th to the early 20th century
architecture existing in a landscape that continues to show traces
of its original setting. It is made to be a message to the National
Government of the Philippines and community to appreciate the
beauty of the old infrastructure before, preserve and take care of it
and being a reminder to not forgot the history of their hometown.
The project according to the case study also embarked on a
massive information campaign to raise awareness of Vigan’s rich
history and heritage. It also galvanized cooperation among various
business stakeholders, including regional government agencies
and international linkages inevitably brought in by different foreign
assistance. Crisologo Street was inscribed on December 4, 1999 in
the UNESCO World Heritage List of Sites and Monuments
CHAPTER III
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The researcher uses “Kolb’s
Experiential Learning Theory”
as a frame that provides a
holistic model of the learning
process and a multilinear
model of adult mid
development, in which are
consistent with knowing about
on how people learn, grow,
and develop. The theory is
called “Experiential Learning”
to emphasize the central role
that experience plays in the
learning process of people
towards the design.
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researcher uses “Qualitative research” that
explores and provides deeper insights into real-
world problems which the study is in line to.
Unlike of collecting numerical data points or
intervene or introduce treatments just like in
quantitative research, qualitative research
helps generate hypotheses as well as further
investigate and understand quantitative data
gathered by the researcher of the study.
Furthermore, the researcher gathers
participants' experiences, perceptions, and
behavior that is related to the topic of the
study. It answers the how’s and whys instead of
how many or how much they know and
understand the concept and problem of the
design.
 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
The researcher uses “Interview” is a qualitative research method that
depend on asking questions about a certain topic in order to collect data
which can answer the needed information of the researcher. Interviews
involve two or more people, one of whom is the interviewer asking the
questions and the other is the interviewee.

DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH
RESPONDENTS AND LOCALE
The respondents that the researcher choose to
answer the research questions is the person from
generation baby boomers, who may have experience,
thoughts in mind, and give insights of what Roxas
Boulevard is before, its history or even old infrastructures
built before it has now been developed. The researcher
includes Historical data research that is gathered to
make the Heritage Educational Center in line with the
history and evolution of architectural styles during
American Colonialism of the Roxas Boulevard.
INSTRUMENT USE TO GATHER
DATA
The researchers instrument to gather data
is Historical data research and interviews
that are recorded via an online
message/comments/face-to-face,
articles, case studies published, and
recordings that are vital to the design of
the researcher.
 CHAPTER V
DATA GATHERED
AMERICAN COLONIZATION EFFECT:
“MILESTONES IN THE HISTORY OF U.S. FOREIGN RELATIONS”
Based on historical data information gathered by the researcher titled
“Milestones in the history of U.S. Foreign Relations” created by Office of
the Historian, Department of State, United States of America the ensuing
Philippine-American War lasted three years and resulted in the death of
over 4,200 American and over 20,000 Filipino combatants. As many as
200,000 Filipino civilians died from violence, famine, and disease this
battle is named as the “Battle of Manila Bay” There were two phases to
the Philippine-American War. The first phase, from February to November
of year 1899, it was dominated by Aguinaldo’s ill-fated attempts to fight
a conventional war against the better-trained and equipped American
troops. The second phase was marked by the Filipinos’ shift to guerrilla-
style warfare due to lack of military equipment.
Even there are many casualties that happen during American
Colonization there are also progress, not only the government but also to
architectural style and design. In year 1902 Judge William Howard Taft
He hired as his architect and city planner Daniel Hudson Burnham, who
had built Union Station and the post office in Washington. In Manila, Mr.
Burnham had in mind a long wide, tree-lined boulevard along the bay,
beginning at a park area dominated by a magnificent hotel which the
Roxas Boulevard originally called as the Cavite Boulevard, was a
renamed Dewey Boulevard in honor of the American Admiral George
Dewey, whose forces defeated the Spanish navy in the “Battle of Manila
Bay in 1898”. Mr. Burnham is a New York architect, is also known for his
contributions to the local architecture together with William Parsons
were the “Kahn System of concrete reinforcements and introduction of
using hollow blocks
 INTRODUCTION TO NEW DESIGNS:
“ARCHITECTURE DURING AMERICAN PERIOD”
This is the start of flourishing of architectures built in Manila. Some
known ideas from American Colonial architecture that now
contribute to modern design style of different infrastructures in
present time are starting from year 1902 where Americans
introduced the use of toilet via pail conservancy system, or
cubeta in Manila. From year 1908, the concept of a wall-planned
neighbourhood called “Sanitary Barrio” was introduced and led to
tsalet, a crossbreed of the tropical features of vernacular buildings
with hygienic structural principles and modern materials. Year
1992, The Bureau of Health endorsed several variations of tsalet.
Tsalet is a single storey structure that is constructed by either
entirely of wood or a combination of concrete and wood
construction materials. Its living areas are maintained at an
elevation with a meter above the ground or in architecture term
Ground Floor Finish Floor line is above the natural grade line where
the infrastructure was built. However. Tsalet House is lower than
the bahay kubo due to discouragement that Americans wanted
Filipino people to apply which is not to place their domestic
animals below houses due to sanitary waste that cannot be taken
care of and can possibly cause diseases to the owners or
neighborhood. Furthermore, the Tsalet is a house that uses either
an L-shaped or T-shaped stairs. It also has an extended veranda
in front which is also known as the landing porch before entering
the house. Its interior space was defined by wall partitions which
are divided into different rooms with different purposes.
 INTRODUCTION TO NEW DESIGNS:
“ARCHITECTURE DURING AMERICAN
PERIOD”
Based on case study titled “Architecture during
American Period” published by Josiah Diaz (2021)
Architecture during American Period in Philippines
is consisting of 3 design style. First is the Neo
Classical, It is the purest form, style principally
derived from the architecture of classical Greece
and Rome and the architecture of the Italian
Architect Andrea Palladio. Second, Art Nouveau it
is known for destroying boundaries of art and craft,
exuberant curvilinear forms and asymmetry.
Furthermore, known for its whiplash, tendrils and
plant patters design. Lastly is the Art Deco, known
for its glamour, Elegance and modernity
appearance. Its style is popular for being sleek,
linear, geometric, and symmetric
 AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE IRISES AND POPULARITY:
AMERICAN COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES
According to case study made by Toaz (2024) on years of
Colonization of America in Philippines particularly in Manila a new
architecture design arises. The “Beaux Arts style” is commonly
used for public buildings like museums, railway stations, libraries,
and government buildings. Beaux Arts buildings includes these
unique features which are massive and grandiose, constructed
with stone, balustrades, the popular balconies, columns, cornices,
pilasters, triangular pediments, lavish decorations, Grand stairway
popular to large houses, large arches, and lastly, the symmetrical
façade. Some of known but now have different purpose or been
redesign from its original form infrastructure “The Original Savory
Restaurant”, and “Regina Building”

Art Deco theaters of Manila became popular also in American

colonial Era. These are theaters constructed in the 1930s to 1950s
built in Art Deco style, or a similar branch of the style like
Streamline Moderne, in the Philippines. The construction of these
early theaters in the City of Manila provided the venue for early
forms of entertainment like bodabil, a local adaptation of
vaudeville, with most eventually converting to movie theaters with
the growth and popularity of Philippine cinema in the metropolis.
Examples of demolished closed/ discontinued Art Deco Theaters
are Avenue Theater, Ideal Theater, and Scala Theater
 REMINISCE THE PAST:
“REMINISCING ROXAS BOULEVARD”
According to article and interview titled “Reminiscing Roxas
Boulevard” conducted by Paulo Alcazaren gathered by the
researcher. Interviewee Vincent Lee, a foreign business owner said
that “I still recall Dewey Boulevard. I’d forgotten many of the
restaurant’s names but reading about them again in online and to
your interview, it brought back a lot of nice memories of a Manila
that is no longer existing in present. It’s a shame. …Manila was such
a beautiful city ... it’s inexcusable that the politicians have let her
go to pot. Still, I am very proud to call Manila and Roxas Boulevard
is my home because I was born and raise there and because I try
and visit whenever I can. Thank you for your reminder once again
.
interviewee Andrew Z an office worker “for sure made a lot of
people walk down the memory strip once again. Though I was not a
witness to its transformation from the ’50s through the ’80s, I can
vouch for its gradual change from the early ’90s up to the present.
What I can only recall of its past is the array of coconut trees along
the boulevard, complementing the postcard-perfect site of the
sunset by the bay. Now, a large portion of the bay has been
reclaimed to make way for several establishments like Toyota, Le
Pavilion, and Price Smart, to name a few. I wish any kind of project
may be built to reintroduce the good past, memories, and history
made here it is really a good experience and even picturesque that
we can flaunt on social media to attract tourist…right?.”
 INTERVIEW
The researcher interview Estrella C. Sarmiento born December 15, 1949 considered to be part of the baby
boomer generation. She witnesses the architecture and developments that flourish around the Roxas
boulevard and Manila Bay. Even doe she is not yet born in years of American Colonization period starting from
May 1, 1898 to year 1941, the different infrastructures and remains of the past was still intact/built and working
during her childhood to teenage years.

QUESTION: “What do you notice from different infrastructure before, that strike you the most or unique
for you that is cannot be seen in architectures that are built in today’s time in terms of design
character?”
ANSWER: “I am a child street vendor before with my mother in Paco Manila located specifically at the
Paco market which is now demolished. Honestly me and my family lives in Pangasinan but because of
challenges in earning money I decided to help my parents in selling goods on Paco Market. We are using
the “Kariton” in selling because we don’t have enough money to rent for a space. We usually push the
cart not only around Paco Market, but we will also be on the Street nearby the manila bay and road of
Roxas Boulevard. If ever we wanted to sold out our goods immediately, we will go there because there
are many tourist, wealthy people enjoying the view, curious Americans about our selling goods and
family spending their time there. As a child, of course I had seen architectures that are astonishing to
me since I live my poor life in province. I know in first glance what are the difference between the normal
houses/buildings that are made by Filipinos/spanish before and the ones that I know had been design
by Americans or built during American period before. I notice that they are mostly have 2 to 1 floor only
which is a little bit like normal houses in my province. However, it is noticeable that their houses have a
veranda in front which mostly American houses have it uniquely, they produce this aura that the people
living in the house are not just a normal family but a wealthy or educated family. They also have plenty
of windows that let natural light in, even my eyesight can reach the insides of the house due to plenty
windows they added throughout there house. I also think the constructed it like that because they
wanted the view of manila bay to be seen inside their houses or even wind coming from the bay to come
in. There houses also made of Concrete or use both concrete and wood.”
 INTERVIEW
2ND QUESTION: “What about the Public infrastructures? What do you notice about their design character?”

ANSWER: For the public infrastructures like food eateries most of them also have plenty of windows which is
good because we do not feel the need to seek areas that have mechanical ventilation (electric fan). For
buildings/government own ones they are majority made of hollow blocks which that time was expensive
construction materials, have columns that made you feel you are witnessing buildings from outside the
country, astonishing decorations and grand stairway. In addition, I think the best way to characterize their
design during American period is it looks clean from inside to outside. All was properly place even the color
they mostly use clean once like white(light colors) unlike Spanish houses that have many different things
inside and outside. The American architecture is “clean”.

3RD QUESTION: “What do you thinks are the facilities needed if ever someone wanted to revive the old
architecture before that are given access due to the Roxas Boulevard and will be place at the Manila Dolomite
Beach?”

ANSWER: “I think I suggested they must add or mimic the design of the old American period houses before,
because mostly they are now demolished to give way to commercial buildings in present time. Second is the
commercial restaurants that have American Design like the old Savory building before which is my favorite
restaurants and where my family often eat after we sell our goods. Third are open spaces, because I notice
before the Roxas boulevard and manila bay have plenty of greeneries like trees, flowers and many more. They
even add some benches we can sit and watch the sunset. I think that would be a nice place to spend time
with family if ever it was built like that again. “
 INTERVIEW

4th QUESTION: “What do you thinks are the facilities needed if ever someone wanted to revive the old
architecture before that are given access due to the Roxas Boulevard and will be place at the Manila Dolomite
Beach?”

ANSWER: I think because most of them are visual learner they are not that interested to stories we older
generations said to them. They wanted to see it in actual which is very frustrating to me because even I
wanted to educate them about before, they are much interested in infrastructures to be built or built in
present time. I think is someone will design it again to look like before many generations including my own will
be interested to see it and be willingly be educated, that is why even old churches are still popular to young
ones because they are built and they can actually picture and make memories with it even it was not that
design like before as long as the message/lessons was still in tack with they would be curious about it.”
SITE INVENTORY
(MACRO ZONING)
SITE INVENTORY (MACRO ZONING)
SITE INVENTORY
(MACRO ZONING)
 ABOUT MANILA (MACRO INVENTORY):
“MANILA - NEW WORLD ENCYCLOPEDIA”
Based on the data gathered by the new world encyclopedia (2024),
the City of Manila is locally named as Filipino: Lungsod ng Maynila, or
simply Manila, is the capital of the Philippines and one of the
municipalities that comprise Metro Manila. It is located on the
eastern shore of Manila Bay on Luzon, the country's largest island.
Manila is the hub of the National Capital Region (NCR), which is a
thriving metropolitan area consisting of seventeen cities and
municipalities which is home to over 10 million people. Manila also is
the second most populous city proper in the Philippines, consisting
of more than 1.5 million inhabitants. Only nearby Quezon City, the
country's former capital, is more populous.
The name Manila comes from may nilad a Tagalog for "there is
nilad," that refers to the flowering mangrove plant that grew on the
marshy shores of the bay. In the sixteenth century, Manila (then
called Maynilad) grew from an Islamic settlement on the banks of
the Pasig River into the seat of the colonial government of Spain
when it controlled the Philippine Islands for over three centuries from
1565 to 1898 and After the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898,
the United States occupied and colonized the city and the Philippine
archipelago until 1946. During World War II, most of the city
architectures was destroyed. The Metropolitan Manila region was
enacted as an independent entity in year 1975. Today, the city and
the metropolis thrive as an important cultural and economic center
of all. However, overpopulation, traffic congestion, pollution, and
crime challenge the city governance to peace.
ALL ABOUT MANILA BAY (MACRO SITE INVENTORY):
“ABOUT THE BAY”
According to the article made by Manila Bay office (2024) it is the premier
international gateway to the country’s political, economic and social center.
It has been known for its strategic importance ever since the pre-colonial
times. One of the finest natural harbors in the world before, Manila Bay was
also the focal point of the manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade
The manila Bay area is a place of many striking contrasts and lifestyle
being shown together from past coexisting to the present structures.
Monuments and sculptured images of heroes still standing in amidst glass,
steel and concrete skyscrapers. Centuries-old churches are a stone’s throw
away from big shopping malls and posh hotels with modern design. The
walled city of Intramuros which is the bastion of Spanish rule, Corregidor’s
ruined barracks and artilleries that is living testimony of heroism in World
War II, ancestral old houses, museums and historical markers take one down
along memory lane. Theater and open-air performances offer a cultural
introduction to foreign and even locals.
The surface area of the Bay is about 1,800km2 and the surrounding
watershed area of 17,000 km2. It has a 190 km coastline is intersected by
the (7) major rivers, draining 26 catchment basin. These rivers are the
major sources of marine pollution in the Bay whenever calamity hits. It has a
60 km long, may be entered through a channel 18 km wide, in which
Corregidor and Caballo Islanda are situated. It is also bordered by coastal
cities and municipalities of the National Capital Region. Furthermore, within
the watershed of Manila Bay are the non-coastal cities and municipalities of
the NCR which includes the Quezon City, Caloocan City, Makati, Pasig,
Marikina, Mandaluyong, Muntinlupa, Valenzuela, Malabon, San Juan, Pateros,
and Taguig. For provinces of Nueva Ecija and Tarlac Region 3, and Rizal and
the Laguna in Region 4.
There are the two main contributory areas in manila bay which are the
Pasig and the Pampanga river basins.
SITE LOCATION INVENTORY (DOLOMITE BEACH) MICRO SITE
INVENTORY
DOLOMITE BEACH, MANILA
(PEDESTRIAN/WALKWAYS)
DOLOMITE BEACH, MANILA
(ACCESSIBLE SERVICE AND MAIN ROADS)
 SITE INVENTORY LIST (MICRO SITE INVENTORY)
Site Location
- Land use & boundaries
. Currently there is no building built on Dolomite Beach itself
. 2 floor Buildings located beside the fences and a Public restroom
- Neighborhood Character
. Commercial ( Starbucks, Land of the Philippine Bank, BPI, Sunny Bay Suites)
. Government owned Buildings (US Embassy)
- Vehicular Circulation
. Main Road - Arrival time 4:45 PM (Traffic Congestion was fast and smooth drive)
- Exit time 6:30 PM ( Traffic Congestion was heavy, rush hour time)
. Notes: No jeepney to be seen in main road, service roads only
Taxis present but no waiting areas for it
Ebikes and kalesa was present for tour & public transportation(200 pesos
fee from Dolomite beach to Sm Manila)
SITE INVENTORY LIST (MICRO SITE INVENTORY)
-Existing Structures
. Public Restroom (under renovation, not yet open for public use)
. First Aid Station Tent

. Mandamus Agency Office

. Police & Emergency Outpost

. Guard Outpost (Entrance and Exit)

. Police Assistance Desk
SITE INVENTORY LIST (MICRO SITE INVENTORY)
Drainage

Materials on-site
- Dolomite sand and stones

- Concrete cement wall

- Moss on edge of Dolomite beach and water

SITE INVENTORY LIST (MICRO SITE INVENTORY)
Ramps

Stairs
SITE INVENTORY LIST (MICRO SITE INVENTORY)
Utilities
-All solar powered lights with cctv and infrastructures

Plants
- Coconut Trees

- Bougainvillea

- Ballete trees

- Red binahong plant

SITE INVENTORY LIST (MICRO SITE INVENTORY)
Birds
- Egretta garzetta (Migratory Birds)

Policies
SITE INVENTORY LIST (MICRO SITE INVENTORY)
Views

Fences
 CHAPTER VI
RESULT, ANALYSIS, AND SYNTHESIS

RESULT
Based on the researcher interview that had been
gathered the most prominent infrastructure built
before around the Roxas boulevard was consisting of
Tsalet houses and commercial infrastructure that are
design under 3 design style depending on their
purposes and architects who created it. The interview
also gathered data that American architecture style
for eateries have plenty of windows that let natural
light in and mostly all infrastructures are presenting a
clean design.
 ANALYSIS
According to the data the researcher has gathered, the researcher have able to generalize that this
architecture character during the American Period in Philippines is consisting of 3 design style.
Based on the compilation of different researches gathered by the researcher, the first design style
is the Neo Classical. It was the purest form, style principally derived from the architecture of
classical Greece and Rome and the architecture of the Italian Architect Andrea Palladio. Second,
Art Nouveau known for destroying boundaries of art and craft, exuberant curvilinear forms and
asymmetry. It is also known for its whiplash, tendrils and plant patters design. Lastly is the Art
Deco, known for its glamour, Elegance and modernity appearance. Its style is popular for being
sleek, linear, geometric, and symmetric. American architectural period also introduced the use of
toilet via pail conservancy system, or cubeta in Manila. From year 1908, the concept of a wall-
planned neighbourhood called “Sanitary Barrio” was introduced and led to tsalet, a crossbreed of
the tropical features of vernacular buildings with hygienic structural principles and modern
materials, which in Year 1992, The Bureau of Health endorsed several variations of tsalet.
The “Beaux Arts style” which originated in the École des Beaux Arts in Paris is also introduce.
The Beaux-Arts style led to planned neighborhoods with large, showy houses, wide boulevards, and
vast parks. Due to the size and grandiosity of the buildings, the Beaux Arts style is commonly used
for public buildings like museums, railway stations, libraries, and government buildings. Beaux Arts
buildings includes these unique features which are massive and grandiose, constructed with
stone, balustrades, the popular balconies, columns, cornices, pilasters, triangular pediments,
lavish decorations, Grand stairway popular to large houses, large arches, and lastly, the
symmetrical façade. Which can be seen to popular government buildings that are built near and
been given access by the Roxas Boulevard.
Based on the researcher interview that had been gathered the prominent infrastructure built
before around the Roxas boulevard was consisting of Tsalet houses, which have design character
of having plenty of windows that let natural light in, it is also made of Concrete or use both
concrete and wood. 2 to 1 floor only and have verandas or known as landing porch before entering.
The interview also gathered data that American architecture style for eateries, plenty of windows
that let natural light in and mostly presenting a clean design.
SITE
ANALYSIS Roxas
monument

BUSSINESS/ FOOD
ESTABLISH MENTS

ENTRANCE/
EXIT GUARD
POST AND AY
EMERGENCY HW
PAT
LVD
S B
OXA
R
INI
M
AMERICAN OLD DESIGN
INFRASTRUCTURES W/ INFO

PLANTS/
FAUNAS

BENCHES

Roxas monument
ROXAS
MONUMENT