B AUMENTADO, ANJOCYL S

BSME N2B

Activity #7: S&T in the Philippines

1. Enumerate at least 3 government policies/programs of each administration in the
development of science, technology, and science education. Discuss how do these
contributions help the Philippines in nation-building?

FERDINAND MARCOS
ESTABLISHING THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 674 March 25, 1981

Communicable diseases constitute most of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the
Philippines. The control of communicable diseases is one of the government's priorities for national
development in the field of health. A strong biomedical research component with full cooperation
between academic institutions and field agencies is necessary for the effective pursuit of programs for
the control of communicable diseases. For the foregoing consideration, the Philippine Government has
agreed to cooperate with the Government of Japan in the development of a research program for
tropical medicine in the Philippines. In fulfillment of the terms of an exchange of notes between the
Philippine Government and the Japanese Government, the Government of Japan has constructed and
equipped a research facility for tropical medicine at Alabang, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila There is a need
to provide for the maintenance and operation of the above facility as the venue for continuing technical
cooperation between the two governments in the field of tropical medicine. The maintenance and
operation of a Research Institute for Tropical Medicine will provide the biomedical research support for
communicable disease control program in the Philippines.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1003-A December 16, 1976 - CREATING THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The implementation of the foregoing constitutional mandate needs to provide meaningful incentives to
those engaged in scientific and technological research, as well as to give due recognition to outstanding
achievements in technology and the sciences. The development of science and technology has largely
brought about the material progress of the country. The professionalization of the government scientific
and technological research services will contribute to a large extent in effecting the constitutional
objectives of promoting scientific research and invention and the advancement of science and
technology for national development.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 78 - ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE ATMOSPHERIC GEOPHYSICAL AND

ASTRONOMICAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
December 8, 1972 by reorganizing the Weather Bureau Presidential Decree No. 78

The Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, commonly known
as PAGASA, is the country’s official meteorological and hydrological services provider—which means
that the bureau is more than just about the weather. PAGASA studies heavenly bodies, it is the
country’s official timekeeper, and has specific weather forecast. By being immersed in climatological
studies, PAGASA helps in creating sustainable projects by providing both public and private sectors
information that will enhance the country’s capability to adapt to environmental changes. It also
conducts regular Information and Education Campaigns (IEC) in Local Government Units and the
academe for disaster preparedness. With all these responsibilities under its belt, PAGASA strives to
continue to live up to its acronym—giving hope to the nation in different ways: helping the public
prepare for weather changes, assisting the country’s backbone workforce, and telling us when we can lie
on our backs and wish on stars that streak across the night sky.

CORAZON AQUINO
Replacing the National Science and Technology Authority into Department of Science and
Technology.

The science body was elevated to cabinet status during the Aquino administration and was renamed the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) on January 30, 1987, giving science and technology a
representation in the cabinet. Under the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan for the years 1987-
1992, science and technology's role in economic recovery and sustained economic growth was
highlighted. Its functions were broadened for it to be able to support local scientific efforts, develop
technological self-reliance, and promote public and private sector awareness in the sciences.

RA 6655 FREE PUBLIC SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT OF 1988

Science for the Masses Program aimed at encouraging children who had passion in science and
technology to study for free. Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 opened doors to free
education up to the secondary level, implemented in the education system together with this was the
“Science for the Masses Program” which aimed at scientific and technological literacy among Filipinos.
The Aquino administration recognized the importance of science and technology in the development of
the Philippines into a newly industrialized country. Funding for the science and technology sector was
tripled from 464 million in 1986 to 1.7 billion in 1992. The Science and Technology Master Plan was
formulated which aimed at the modernization of the production sector, upgrading research activities,
and development of infrastructure for science and technological purposes. A Research and Development
Plan was also formulated to examine and determine which areas of research needed attention and must
be given priority. The criteria for identifying the program to be pursued were, development of local
materials, probability of success, potential of product in the export market, and its strategic nature.

Philippine Inventors Incentive Act.

Ironically, it was during President Corazon Aquino's term and the reorganization of Philippine
bureaucracy that Executive Order No.128 abolished R.A. No. 3859, also known as the “Philippine
Inventors Incentive Act.” This Philippine Inventors Commission was under the Science Development
board. It gave assistance to Filipino inventors through giving financial aid, patent application assistance,
legal assistance, and to help inventors market their products domestically and abroad. Despite the
abolishment of the Philippine Inventors Commission, her administration gave rise to new avenues for
the government to aid the progress of Science and Technology in the country.
FIDEL RAMOS
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENDA FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (STAND)
It spells out the areas which will be the focus of scientific and technological efforts in
1993 to 1998. Among its priorities were: (1) exporting winners identified by the DTI; (2) domestic
needs identified by the President's Council for Countryside Development; (3) support industries and
(4) coconut industry development. He believes that the Scinece and Technology was one way
wherein the Philippines could gain the new industrialized country.

REOPENED THE CLARK AIRED BASE AS THE CLARK SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE
After the area was cleared from the lahar and debris from the mount Pinatubo explosion and the
typhoon followed it was designated to be the future primary international gateway of the Philippines.
The reason also is that APEC is coming on the Philippines on that time and Clark is the alternative
site for the service facility for the leaders, diplomats, businessman and for the media. For this region,
Clark economy will significantly speed up that helps the Philippines status in terms of newly
industrialize country.

RA 7687 Scholarship Program

Republic Act No. 7687, also known as the Science and Technology
Scholarship Act of 1994, provides for scholarships to talented and deserving
students whose families' socio-economic status do not exceed the set cut-off
values of certain indicators. Qualifiers must pursue priority fields of study in
the basic sciences, engineering, other applied sciences and science and
mathematics teaching.

JOSEPH ESTRADA
Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792)

Outlaws computer hacking and provides opportunities for new businesses emerging from the Internet-
driven New Economy. This Act aims to facilitate domestic and international dealings, transactions,
arrangements, agreements, contracts and exchanges and storage of information through the utilization
of electronic, optical and similar medium, mode, instrumentality and technology to recognize the
authenticity and reliability of electronic data messages or electronic documents related to such activities
and to promote the universal use of electronic transactions in the government and by the general
public. This apply to any kind of electronic data message and electronic document used in the context of
commercial and non-commercial activities to include domestic and international dealings, transactions,
arrangements, agreements, contracts and exchanges and storage of information.

Third Elementary Education Project

President Estrada gave the pledge after the inauguration of the P10.5 million Division Office of the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) in San Jose, Antique. The pledge was part of the
P16.9 billion Third Elementary Education Project (TEEEP). He vowed to give his unwavering support for
major education project that seeks to elevate the country’s public education system into a more
competitive world-class standard. TEEP is a multi-project program for the country’s 22 poorest
provinces. According to the plan, TEEP will construct 9,000 new classrooms and repair the 3,000 old
classrooms. In-line with President Estrada’s “Erap para sa Mahirap Program” funded by two multilateral
funding institutions namely the World Bank and the Japan-based Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLIMATE INFORMATION MONITORING AND PREDICTION SERVICES

It describes the possible future changes in climate variables based on climatic conditions. Weather
information is playing an increasingly instrument role in evolving field of agriculture. The details of
weather information a grower’s businesses decision in planning efficiency.

The mission of CLIPS was “to provide the best possible climate information, including
expectations of future conditions, to improve economic and social decisions that will reduce risks
and improve economic vitality as well as quality of life.” Over the ensuing decades, CLIPS
worked to increase climate knowledge, improve seasonal climate prediction capabilities and to
develop the capacities of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services for the delivery
of climate information to meet the needs of stakeholders.
CLIPS was instrumental in the development of the concept of Regional Climate Centres and
their formal establishment around the world. It also played a key role in the development of
Regional Climate Outlook Fora as effective platforms for generating consensus-based seasonal
climate outlooks at the regional scale. Such efforts by CCl, in coordination with National
Meteorological and Hydrological Services, the WCRP Secretariat and other relevant bodies,
have enabled systematic production of operational climate information at global and regional
levels. These initiatives, together with the CLIPS training workshops, have helped to build
capacities for climate services.

GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
BIOFUELS ACT OF 2006 (RA 9367)

The Biofuels Act of 2006 aims to reduce the country’s dependence on imported fuels with due regard to
the protection of public health, the environment, and the natural ecosystems consistent with the
country’s sustainable economic growth.

It mandates the use of biofuels as a measure to develop and utilize indigenous renewable and
sustainable-sources clean energy sources to reduce dependence on imported oil; mitigate toxic and
greenhouse gas (GSG) emissions; increase rural employment and income; and ensure the availability of
alternative and renewable clean energy without any detriment to the natural ecosystem, biodiversity,
and food reserves of the country. The law also provides for additional incentives to encourage
investments in the production, distribution and use of locally produced biofuels at and above the
minimum mandated blends.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10055 (Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009)

Magna Carta for Scientist, Engineers, Researchers and other Science and Technology Personnel in the
Government. An act providing the framework and support system for the ownership, management, use,
and commercialization of intellectual property ugjl;’generated from research and development funded
by government and for other purposes. This Act aims to promote and facilitate the transfer,
dissemination, and effective use, management, and commercialization of intellectual property,
technology and knowledge resulting from R&D funded by the government for the benefit of national
economy and taxpayers.

OPEN HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

It is an alternative mode of formal secondary education program run by the Bureau of Secondary
Education (BSE) of the Department of Education (DepED) of the Republic of the Philippines. The program
provides an opportunity for elementary school graduates, high school dropouts and successful
examinees of the Philippine Education Placement Test (PEPT) to complete secondary education in a
purely distance learning mode. The program provides printed self-learning modules for students to use
for their lessons and classroom activities. OHSP is intended for students who would otherwise be unable
to pursue formal secondary education due the rigid requirement of regular class schedules. It is an
alternative to attending regular classes but is not designed to be beneficial to all students. Most
students may still learn best by attending the regular formal secondary education.

Benigno Aquino III

E-Trike Operations (Energy, Efficient, Electrical Tricycle)

Sustainable transport systems create a positive impact to the environment, social and economic growth
of cities and communities. Development of safe, modern, and efficient transportation can contribute to
sustainability of public transport. E -Trike Project promotes energy efficiency and clean technologies in
the transport sector in the country. The introduction of e-trikes is envisioned to pave way for increased
safety standards and improved environmental compliance which complements government's plan to
support e-vehicle business.

Diwata-1

Diwata-1 is the first satellite of the venture and is also a part of the DOST (Department of Science and
Technology) Philippine Scientific Earth Observation Microsatellite (PHL-Microsat) Program, which was
initiated in December 2014 by the government agency. Diwata is the nickname of the program, named
after a Filipino mythological character Diwata (fairy). Diwata are expected to enable DOST's PAGASA
(Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration) to make accurate
forecasts and weather monitoring that is crucial in agriculture. The data will also be used to predict
extreme weather systems like the El Niño phenomenon that can dramatically affect agricultural
productivity and crop yield and threaten food security. One of the major goals of the PHL-Microsat
program, to which Diwata-1 belongs, is to boost the progress on the creation of the Philippine Space
Agency. DOST secretary Mario Montejo said that the Diwata-1 endeavor may pave the way for
development of the local electronics and aerospace industries which would complement a satellite-
building industry.

SOLAR FARM
Former President inaugurated the 63.3-megawatt Calatagan Solar Farm. After pioneering the nation’s
first large-scale solar rooftop projects, Solar Philippines claims a new frontier with the launch of the
largest solar farm in Luzon. The solar plant comprises over 200,000 panels on a 160-hectare property. It
is now supplying enough to power the entire Western Batangas. Over three decades, it will offset over 1
million tons of carbon dioxide, equivalent to planting over 5 million trees. During construction, it
employed 2500 workers, and will continue to employ people over 30 years.

RODRIGO DUTERTE
DIWATA II

It was carried by japan H-IIA F40 rocket and launched on the space from Tanegashima Space Center. It
was capable of capturing images of the Philippines for the environmental assessment also monitor
natural and cultural heritage sites and changes in vegetation and it also significant for weather
forecasting to observe cloud patterns and weather disturbances.

BALIK SCIENTIST LAW

R.A 11035 also known as an “Act Institutionalizing the Balik Scientist Program,” would give more
incentives to returning Filipino experts, scientists, inventors, and engineers who would share their
expertise in the country. Since its implementation, several scientists have come back to the country on
short- and long-term basis to mentor science and engineering students and faculty along their line of
expertise through research and development, teaching, and other activities. This sharing of expertise
significantly contributed to the acceleration of the scientific, agro-industrial, and economic development
of the country. This law is a big help in encouraging Filipino scientists to return to the country and
contribute to improve the nation and people’s lives. This law addresses the problem on the low number
of scientists in the country so we can fare better with our neighboring countries in Asia who have more
people working in research and development.

BIOTEK M DIAGNOSTIC KIT

Biotek M is a diagnostic kit which acts as a confirmatory test for diagnosis of dengue infection in the first
0-5 days of illness, and results would be known in an hour or less. Designed to be used in hospitals or
clinics with minimal laboratory facilities, using Biotek M would mean less admissions for dengue-
suspected cases, therefore saving resources for both hospital and patients. This test is as efficient but is
less costly than the currently available PCR technology used in dengue detection. Using Biotek-M would
mean less admission for dengue-suspected cases, therefore saving resources for both hospital and
patients. The rapid dengue diagnostic kit is a shining example of a successful R&D supported early on by
the DOST that led to the development of a breakthrough product that improves the lives or health of
people

2. Name at least 10 Filipino scientists or Filipino inventors, and discuss their contribution to
help in Philippine nation-building

RAMON BARBA (FLOWER INDUCTION OF MANGO TREE)

Ramon Barba, a world-renowned scientist known for his invention of flower induction of mango trees,
applied his knowledge and interests towards his desire to help improve the livelihood of farmers who
grow fruit. His discovery of flower induction and growth of disease-free tissue of crop plants have
greatly shaped the economy of countries who depend on agriculture for their economic stability. Dr.
Barba has shown us the value of sharing what we know and applying ingenuity and determination
towards helping others. Ramon Barba is a man who made the life-changing discovery of flower induction
and applied this (and other findings) towards improving the quality of life for those in the agriculture
industry. Dr. Barba represents what it means to serve mankind and use your talents for good. Barba was
proclaimed a National Scientist of the Philippines in June 2014

FE DEL MUNDO (BAMBOO INCUBATOR)

Pediatrician

Del Mundo revolutionized Philippine medicine, making major breakthroughs in immunization and in the
treatment of jaundice, and providing healthcare to thousands of poor families. She is credited with
studies that led to the invention of the incubator and a jaundice relieving device. In 1941, to help rural
communities without electricity, she designed the bamboo incubator, a makeshift incubator that utilized
two wicker laundry baskets of varying sizes. She put hot water bottles in 9the space between the
baskets to regulate the temperature of the infants then added a hood and oxygen.

ALEXIS BELONIO (RICE HUSK GAS STOVE)

Engineer

Alexis T. Belonio is a professor, engineer, scientist, innovator, and inventor from the Philippines. He was
"the first Filipino to receive the Rolex Award for Enterprise" in 2008 for his invention of a low-cost and
environment friendly rice husk stove. Belonio was the first Filipino to receive the Rolex Award for
Enterprise in 2008 for his creation of a low-cost, environment friendly rice husk gas stove. The Rolex
Awards recognize pioneering projects all over the world that demonstrate innovation and contribute to
the betterment of mankind. His innovative invention does not only address the problem on rice husk
disposal, it can also serve as an alternative for charcoal stoves with relatively shorter cooking time and
lower investment cost.

ROBERTO DEL ROSARIO(KARAOKE)

Filipino Inventor and entrepreneur who established and former president of the now-defunct Trebel
Music Corporation, a piano company in the Philippines. He was also a founding member of an amateur
jazz band called “The Executive’s Band”. He was the patent holder of the Sing-Along System, a type of
karaoke system he developed in 1975. Karaoke is undoubtedly an integral part of the Philippines culture.
Filipinos are brought up surrounded by singing. It becomes a normal pastime of everyday life. If visitors
come to the house, they will all sing together, or if it’s a special occasion they will enjoy singing as part
of the celebrations. No matter where you are around the globe, you’ll find that in every home owned by
a Filipino, you will find a karaoke system.
ABELARDO AGUILAR(ERYTHROMYCIN)
A Scientist who discovered the Erythromycin in 1949. Dr. Abelardo was testing samples of soils from his
backyard and isolated micro-organisms – a bacteria that lead to the development of the Antibiotic called
Erythromycin. Erythromycin is used to treat respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections. It can also be
administered to patients suffering from primary syphilis but are allergic to penicillin. Millions of people
around the world today benefit from Dr. Abelardo Aguilar’s discovery of Erythromycin as an alternative
antibiotic for those who are allergic to antibiotics or suffer gastrointestinal side effects from other types
of antibiotics.

DIOSDADO BANATAO (SINGLE-CHIP GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

ACCELERATOR)
Dado Banatao introduced the first single-chip graphical user interface accelerator that made computers
work a lot faster and for helping develop the Ethernet controller chip that made the Internet possible. In
1989, he pioneered the local bus concept for personal computers and in the following year developed
the First Windows accelerator chip. Intel is now using the chips and technologies developed by Banatao.
He now runs his own semiconductor company, Moston, and Chips & Technology, which is based in
California’s Silicon Valley. Filipino engineer Diosdado Banatao may not be familiar to many Filipinos, but
he is right up there with the who's who of the computer technology industry, having helped
revolutionize the way we see and use computers today. An innovator, Banatao is credited for devising a
more efficient way to link computers, by simplifying the computer design with fewer chips, that has
made computers smaller, more portable, and more affordable. His inventions are believed to make up
30% of every computer in the world today. His contributions to the modern computer industry include:
the first single-chip, 16-bit microprocessor-based calculator thru his first company Mostron; the first 10-
Mbit Ethernet CMOS Media Access Controller (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Chip, the first system logic
chip set for the PC-XT and the PC-AT. He is also behind the technology that sped up the computer
graphics via the first Windows Graphics accelerator chip for the PC. The enhanced graphics adapter
chips sets were eventually acquired by semiconductor giant, Intel. He also pioneered the local bus
concept for PC. Thru his group's efforts, the global-positioning system (GPS) device ordinarily used by
the military has become more accessible to consumers.

GREGORIO ZARA (CREATED THE WORLD’S FIRST VIDEO PHONE)

The first recorded videophone, or a two-way television-telephone, was invented by a Filipino engineer
and physicist named Gregorio Zara. It was taken out of science fiction in 1955 when he first introduced
the device and patented it as a “photo phone signal separator network”. Video calling is an activity that
is now easily done by everyone thanks to modern technology. One only needs a smartphone with a
camera and an Internet connection to chat live with another person in other parts of the world. There
are already several chatting apps capable of this feature. But before video calling became what it is
today, the technology had a slow start, perhaps because it was way ahead of its time. Its origins are
traced way back in the middle of 1950s in the Philippines – a long time prior to the start of the digital
age.

GAVINO TRONO JR (FATHER OF KAPPAPHYCUS FARMING)

Gavino Trono Jr., Ph.D. (born 1931) is a Filipino biologist dubbed as the "Father of Kappaphycus
farming". He was conferred the rank of National Scientist of the Philippines for contributions to the
study of tropical marine phycology, focusing on seaweed biodiversity. He is currently working as a
technical consultant for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Aquaculture Seaweed Research
and Development and is a professor emeritus of the University of the Philippines Marine Science
Institute.

Kappaphycus alvarezii, the elkhorn sea moss, is a species of red algae. It is one of the most important
commercial sources of carrageenans, a family of gel-forming, viscosifying polysaccharides. Farming
methods affect the character of the carrageenan that can be extracted frpom the seaweed. Different
carrageenan types differ in composition and conformation, resulting in a wide range of rheological and
functional properties. Carrageenans are used in a variety of commercial applications as gelling,
thickening, and stabilizing agents, especially in food products such as frozen desserts, chocolate milk,
cottage cheese, whipped cream, instant products, yogurt, jellies, pet foods, and sauces. Aside from
these functions, carrageenans are used in pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and industrial
applications.

DR. JULIAN A. BANZON: A PINOY PIONEER IN ALTERNATIVE FUEL

RESEARCH
Dr. Julian Banzon has done a great deal of work on local materials especially coconut as the renewable
source of chemicals and fuels. His work on the production of ethyl esters from sugarcane and coconut is
the first study on fuels from these crops. He also devised some novel processes noteworthy among
these is the extraction of residual coconut oil by chemical, rather than by physical processes. Dr. Julian
Banzon’s research will answer that question within a snap of your fingers. Coconut is very abundant in
the Philippines and it is for that reason why Dr. Banzon utilized this fruit to help alleviate the rising
starvation rate and food shortage in the Philippines. Not only the food shortage problem but his
research soon ventures out into alternative fuels that will help save the environment. Through various
methods and research, Dr. Banzon was able to find different uses for the coconut which would then lead
to many more research in the coming years. He found ways to extract coconut oil which had plenty of
uses and eventually lead to him finding a way to make coconut oil as an alternative fuel for out ever-
increasing usage of petroleum and other gasoline. His work provides an avenue for local and foreign
scientists to continue research on this field of study, revolutionizing the scientific community and the
modern world.

EDGARDO D. GOMEZ, PH. D. (CORAL REEF ECOLOGY AND RESTORATION,

CONSERVATION OF MARINE RESOURCES, REPRODUCTION OF MARINE
INVERTEBRATES AND CULTURE OF GIANT CLAMS )
Edgardo D. Gomez, Ph. D. (born November 7, 1938) is a Filipino biologist who was conferred the rank of
National Scientist of the Philippines in 2014. He is a professor emeritus for marine biology at the
University of the Philippines Marine SScience Institute. He led the world's first national-scale assessment
of damage to coral reefs leading to international conservation initiatives such as the replanting of corals.
He also pioneered giant clam (Tridacna gigas) breeding stationed in Bolinao and other protective areas
for coastal communities of the Philippines. As an archipelago with vast marine resources, Gomez saw
the need to protect Philippine resources in particular to coral reefs. He led the world’s first national-
scale assessment of damage to coral reefs leading to international conservation initiatives such as
replanting of corals. He also pioneered giant clam (Tridacna gigas) breeding stationed in Bolinao and
other protective areas for coastal communities of the Philippines. Additionally, he took part in creating
the baseline map of the Philippine, and he provided information to the Philippine government for its
reference in talks over the territorial disputes in the Spratly Islands. In 2007, he pioneered the study on
ocean acidification caused by increased levels of absorbed carbon dioxide in the ocean.

3. Who is Prometheus and why it is compared to Science and Technology?

In Greek mythology, the Titan Prometheus had a reputation as being something of a clever trickster and
he famously gave humanity the gift of fire and the skill of metalwork, an action for which he was
punished by Zeus, who ensured every day that an eagle ate the liver of the Titan as he was helplessly
chained to a rock. Prometheus stands for human progress against the forces of nature. We learn close to
the beginning that he has given humanity the gifts of fire and hope. Hope helps human beings to
struggle for a better future while fire, as the source of technology, makes success in that struggle
possible. Prometheus lists his gifts to humanity in a progressive order, starting with the things necessary
for survival and continuing to the tools of commerce and economic expansion.

4. Identify the problems faced by our country in the field of science and technology?

PROBLEM
- Farmers suffer and remain in unprogressive and left behind.
-
- Electrical industry is own by the private sectors.
- Mining industry are rule by the foreign companies .
- We priorities imports rather than exports agricultural products.
- No program that created for the development of science and technology
- Lack of support and allocated budget for the research and development

CAUSE
- Most of the Filipino graduates work oversea for living .
- Private industry were the only benefits for the profit they gain from us and the public service are
just a secondary priority.
- Only the big companies from the other country benefits while our environment suffer along with
the communities affected by the mining.
- We became import dependent.
- We couldn’t provide new technology and equipment that helps every filipino to grow.
- Lack of equipment and budget in research and development made us left behind among the
other country from southeast Asia.