2018 International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies
(3ICT)
IoT Based Smart Parking System
Sachet Rajbhandari
Department of Information Technology
Amity University
Noida, India
sachetr95@hotmail.com
Vikas Deep
Department of Information Technology
Amity University
Noida, India
email address
vikasdeep8@gmail.com
Abstract— The idea of smart cities has gained momentum
in recent times which is becoming more popular with the
upcoming concept of the internet of things. Smart cities
particularly aim to use the resources efficiently and integrating
with it has increased the productivity and reliability over the
technology for the urban infrastructure. IoT can cater to many
complex situations and one such problem faced by the
commuters in smart cities is of parking as with increasing
number of vehicles and scarcity of parking facility and traffic
congestion there is a demand of smart parking system which
solves this problem. This IoT smart and efficient parking
system will not only solve the problems from the consumers
perspective but also would solve difficulties faced by the
management of these parking lots, with the IoT tapping in this
system the consumer will save more time by booking spot prior
to his/her arrival at the spot and would reduce time searching
for a good spot for parking when actually being at the
destination, from the management's point view it would help in
decreasing the manpower requirement used for maintaining
such parking lots and would also help them use their resources
more efficiently. In this paper, we proposed a smart parking
system (IoT enabled) which continuously monitor and check
for the available area for parking and engage the area in the
particular place it is designed for. This would be the most
efficient system designed for the smart cities which would
definitely help in the betterment of the traffic conditions that
people have been facing over a decade now, Thus the system is
designed for optimum utilization of the parking spaces will
save time and by these system traffic congestion would be
reduced to a greater extent.
Keywords— IoT, Arduino, Ethernet Shield, Sensors
I. INTRODUCTION
With the increasing number of vehicles, parking has
become a major issue for the people. Today in many cities it
has become almost impossible and quite expensive to build
new parking areas for the vehicles as they have almost
reached its full occupancy. Improper use of parking areas
leads to congestion for drivers or those who are seeking the
parking in that particular area. It has been observed around
28-45% of traffic congestion is because of unavailability of
parking at an appropriate time [1]. It has been observed that a
driver usually spend nearly about 80 million hours to search
for a perfect parking slot in France yearly [2]. Increasing
traffic in urban cities causes more pollution that even causes
various body diseases. An effort is required to manage the
parking facilities and resources so as to reduce the traffic
congestion on roads and saving the time of people in search
978-1-5386-9207-3/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
Bhumika Thareja
Department of Information Technology
Amity University
Noida, India
bhumikathareja123@gmail.com
Deepti Mehrotra
Department of Information Technology
Amity University
Noida, India
email address
mehdeepti@gmail.com
for parking and even reducing the pollution indirectly and
thereby improvising the quality of life as well. Nowadays
smart cities focus more on sustainability by developing more
resource managing technologies like the internet of things.
The usefulness and potential for smart cities are estimated at
around 100 billion dollars by 2020, with around $17bn as an
annual spend [3]. Also, it has been observed that the
potential parking business is increasing every year and is
expanding at a rapid pace, more attention as per the
International Parking Institute [4] after having undergone a
survey came to conclude that analyses the growing trends in
sparking innovation. Infrastructure for car parking and
systems for controlling traffic are the major areas that are a
part of the smart city [5]. Issues related to parking and
increasing congestion in cities can only be solved if the
driver or private car owners are pre-informed about the spots
that are available of the place one wants to go, or they can
book the slot for parking their vehicle before their arrival at
their destination [6]. The system proposed in this report
describes an approach to maximize the existing resources to
reduce the traffic congestion issues and saves time in Smart
Cities using the concept of IoT [7].
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
From the research carried out by Bonde et. al. (2014), it
was studied that how automation is pushed into the parking
system with the used of IoT. Bonde specifically designed its
model to maximize automation in the process of automatic
parking system with the use of IoT. Bonde system of the
automatically parking system was a little different from
other systems as it was studying to make the system as a
less human dependent [8]. Basavaraju S R(2015) developed
a smart automation parking system at the low cost as per the
study it was analyzed that video sensors could be very
expensive which would ultimately make the automation
parking system more expensive and the main reason not
adopted by many in cities so they used Raspberry Pi based
parking sensors which would reduce the overall cost and
helped in suggesting ways on how to automate this system
more efficiently [9][10]. Kaivan Karimi(2013) in his
research paper highlighted on how IoT is the next big thing
in the coming era and he also simply defines that the
ultimate pervasive device is the smartphone and how it can
be used to control all the automation in your house or
elsewhere [13]. Rongxing Lu(2009) defined in his study on
how to smartly secure and privacy-preserving parking spot
 2018 International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies
(3ICT)

based on vehicular ad hoc networks which would be much B. Arduino

more simple for cars to be parked in big spaces [14][15].
This model was developed employing parking lot RSUs to
manage the whole parking lot through vehicular
communications. Eleni I. Vlahogianni(2014) studied
basically two different types of predictions namely the
probability of a free space in subsequent time intervals, and
prediction for short-term parking occupancy in particular
regions [19]. The data was then recorded with the part-time
sensors put on the streets of Santander, Spain. His research
also defines d that on how IoT can be smoothly integrated
within the parking automation system. Vishwanath Y (2016)
basically used RFID reader which is a sensor that reads the
RFID tag and authenticates the user information. All the car Fig. 1. Arduino Board
parking lots in a particular area are connected to a parking
network, These parks are connected through IoT which are The Arduino Board is specifically used as a
then connected to the neighboring parking lots through Wi- microcontroller board. This board is specifically based on
Fi networks. This system uses cloud computing and Internet ATmega328. The number of input and output pins in this is
14. Out of them, 6 can be used as Analog Inputs and the
of Things (IoT) technology. It defines suitable shortest path
other 6 can be used as a Pulse width modulation (PWM)
algorithm which is applied to find the minimum distance outputs [16]. The ceramic resonator is of 16 MHz. It also
between the consumer and the parking lot. Thus, includes a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connection along with
minimizing the waiting time of the user [20]. Prof.S. S. a power jack and an ICSP header. The Arduino Uno
Thorat (2017), project on IoT smart parking systems is contrasts from all other past Arduino boards as it is not based
focused on lessening human effort at the parking area to a upon the USB-to-serial driver and instead of the USB-to-
great extent. This model basically works in calculating and driver it basically includes the Atmega 16U2 which is
observing free slots and calculating the payment for each personalized as a converter to USB-to-serial [17].
vehicle using the parking area booked by the app [21].
C. Ethernet Shield
III. INTERNET OF THINGS
The Shield allows an Arduino board to associate and
Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolution in the current interact with the internet and communicate on data to and
world. It is the essential term in the field of technology and it from the web. W5100 Ethernet chip is used in the shield. The
also has its great influence in engineering and has become W5100 Wiznet gives an IP(Internet Protocol), IP stack, that
the current topic of discussion in the news headline and fits in both the Transmission Control and User Datagram
various media. IoT is the interconnection of differently Protocol.
identifiable integrated computing devices within the presence
of and the use of internet infrastructure [11]. IoT technology
involves a wide spectrum of networked products, systems,
and sensors, which take advantage of advancements in
numerous field such as computing power, electronics
miniaturization, and things that were not possible earlier are
possible now like network interconnects to offer new
capabilities [12]. IoT concept can be applied to various smart
cities where the internet dependency is more. As in recent
Fig. 2. Ethernet shield ENC28J60
times, Security has turned out to be a major issue in various
cities so various IOT innovations are inclined to security
purposes and IoT act as a major contributor in this sector. D. ESP8266 Serial Esp-01 WIFI Wireless
IOT has a huge scope because the possibilities are endless
and you can connect everything with the internet and make
automation with everything while using the internet to make
your work easier.

IV. SYSTEM ARCHITECHTURE AND COMPONENTS

The following hardware components are used for
building up the model:
A. Embedded System Platform
The most integral element that had been of the much of
the importance in the system is the embedded system
platform. The embedded system platform have Arduino Uno
Board with ATmega328 and the Shield ENC28J60 (Ethernet
Shield).
Fig. 3. ESP8266 WIFI Wireless device
ESP8266 is a Wi-Fi network solution device that can
order and convey to software applications, or through
another application using WiFi. ESP8266 when the device is
made and to satisfy the main use of application processor,
the flash memory can be externally started by transferring the
cache memory in it will help to increase the performance of
the system and reduce the requirements for the memory [18].
 2018 International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies
(3ICT)

E. White LED (T-1 3/4)- Round-5 All these data of cars can be seen on our website. When a
slot is green, then any car can be parked offline in it, which
turns the RED light on. This offline parking of car is also
shown in the database.
Following conditions have been considered using the
smart parking system:
Case 1: Vehicle is parked.
Fig. 4. LED

This LED with a domed top structure used vastly for

various purposes like displays in outdoor, optical indicators,
backlighting etc. The LED is intended for applications which
require a high intensity of light. It helps to convert emission
of blue light of InGaN chip to white color.

F. Ethernet

Fig. 7. Parking Status- PARKED

Fig. 5. Ethernet cables
An Ethernet link is a popular type of link used on the
systems integrated with wire. Ethernet cables connect two or
more devices together within a local area, similar to PCs,
routers, and switches.
G. Infrared Sensors
The above figure is demonstrating the condition when the
vehicle is parked at the slot. When the slot has been occupied
the red led glows showing that there is no space to park.
When the vehicle is parked the IR sensor detects the obstacle
and receive back the transmitted rays, the signal is then sent
to Arduino which then ultimately makes the red led glow.
Case 2: Vehicle is not parked, space is booked.

Fig. 6. IR Sensor

An infrared sensor is a device that exudes remembering

the ultimate objective is to identify various environmental
parts. The infrared sensor has the capability to gage the glow
of an inquiry and furthermore recognizes any movement of
objects. The sensors simply measure the radiation are called
Detached Sensors, these sensors detect the radiation instead
of transmitting it..

V. IMPLEMENTATION AND WORKING

The working of the system is from checking the
accessibility of parking spot at the initial phase to actually
stopping a vehicle in an empty slot.
Initially, there is a GREEN LED light turned on, in the
device, as to show that the parking is available and yet not
booked. The driver opens the website and searches through
the parking slots available. After selecting a particular Fig. 8. Parking Status- BOOKED, PARKED
parking slot, he books a parking slot. As soon as it is booked,
the yellow light is turned on which signifies that the parking
is booked. Then, when the car is parked in the parking slot,
the RED light turns on, showing that the parking slot is
unavailable.
 2018 International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies
(3ICT)

of traffic information and also helps monitor the system

architecture that leads to a controlled use of parking spaces.
Here, we have outlined certain advantages of the use of a
smart parking system based on the Internet of Things over
traditional parking system:

TABLE I. COMPARAIVE ANALYSIS

BASIS TRADITIONAL MODERN PARKING

PARKING APPROACH
APPROACH

RECIEPT Manually receipts were Fully automated system

SYSTEM given to the people who for registering whenever
wish to park in a certain the car is in the parking
lot and no manual
area with the cost for
receipts are given.
parking and authority
Fig. 9. Parking Status-BOOKED written on it.

This is the condition when the driver books the slot from
PARKING Any person may park A designated place is
the server. The vehicle is not parked but space is booked SPACE according to his/her shown where the car
online. When space is booked online the status gets changed requirement in any of would be parked and the
in the memory and the help of wifi module and Arduino chip the suitable & available place is booked for that
the communication takes place with HTTP protocol and then space. car
the yellow light glows. The yellow light is itself is an
indicator that space is already booked by someone through CAR SPACE As parking is done by Cars are properly aligned
the server. ALIGNMENT the people at a random and there is no scope of
place it becomes the haphazard situation.
Case 3: When vehicle is not parked, not booked. congested and leads to
difficulty in getting out
of the parking lot.

SPACE People are not sure if People are pre-notified of

AVAILABILI space is available while the availability of parking
TY entering the parking lot space of how many cars
so it becomes so it gives a better idea of
cumbersome to look for how much slots are left
a free parking area at a for cars in the parking lot.
lot.

TIME Traditional Method is This method is very fast

the time-consuming as compared to the
process traditional approach.

IDENTIFICAT People have to roam This system gives you

ION OF FREE inside the lot the find a designated place to park
Fig. 10. Parking Status- UNBOOKED, UNPARKED SLOTS free parking space. your car before you enter
the parking lot.

This is a condition when the parking space is free and even

not booked from the server. Whenever this is the case the
green led will glow showing that anyone can come and park
the car or anyone can book this empty space from the
server.
VI. RESULTS
The undertaking "IoT based Smart Parking framework"
was outlined with the end goal that the status of availability
of the parking space can be tracked and known from any
remote area just by viewing the webpage. This is achieved
with the help of wifi communication. In this framework, the
client must be associated with the Wi-Fi system of that
specific parking space through which he can know the status
of the parking space and book it accordingly. This paper
shows a real-time approach to collect constant activity data
VII. CONCLUSION
The idea of Smart Parking system, as well as Smart
cities, have been a fantasy for humankind. But in recent
years, extensive headways have made the dream of a smart
city to come true. The evolution of the Internet of Things has
offered ascent to new potential outcomes regarding smart
cities. Smart parking facilities and traffic management
systems are two important aspects of building a smart city.
Internet of Things has been playing a very essential role in
the new digitized world, full of various technologies,
offering us approaches to make our daily routine much easier
and faster. In this paper, a novel approach has been described
and we have addressed the problem of parking and presented
an IoT based parking system. By exploiting the information
on utilization of various technologies and models that can
work together, the proposed framework provides the real-
 2018 International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies
(3ICT)

time information in regards to accessibility of parking space
in an area. Drivers or private owners of vehicles could book
a parking slot for them by checking the available slots for
parking. Drivers today, prefer and demand smarter and quick
services for a hassle-free parking. Smart parking is, however,
an inevitable service, especially in urban towns. The smart
parking system in the paper is gradually moving towards an
improved service with better time saving, cost saving and
increased revenues. Checking parking spaces in real time, if
it is available or not, enables operators to gain maximum
advantages.
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