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Cia RDP65 00756R000400020005 1
0~~~0040
25X1A8a
25X1A8a
2 APRIL 1956
GEERET
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COMMUNIST CONTROL TECHNIQUES
2 APRIL 1956
Page
PART I
Introduction 1
C II II! £ I
Section 18 - Punishment 68
Section 4 - Interrogation 81
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PART I
Introduction
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PART II
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Section 4: The Detention Prison
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There also may be cells which are large enough
to hold two or more prisoners. Except for size, such
cells are not different from the others. In general,
prisoners whose cases are relatively unimportant, those
against whom the evidence is "complete tt , and those who
have indicated a willingness to talk freely, are placed
in cells with other prisoners, some of whom are usually
informers. Those whose cases are important or "incom-
plete", those from whom information is desired, and
those for whom public trials or propaganda confessions
are planned, are put in solitary confinement.
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Section 5: The Regimen within the Detention Prison
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Section 7: The feelings and Attitudes of the Prisone.
During the Isolation Regimen
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Inter rogat ions, once begun , are conti nued until
"the case is comp lete", but in some circu msta nces
they are inten tiona lly delay ed in their onset . It appea
rs
that this delay is impo sed when the priso ner is defia
nt,
when he is thoug ht to be withh oldin g infor matio n, when
the KGB is seeki ng a confe ssion to crim es other than
those for which it has "evid ence" . and espec ially when
it, want~ to use the priso ner for a publi c trial or to
obtai n a propa ganda confe ssion from him. In such
cases .
the ip.ter rogat ion begin s when the office r in charg e
feels
that the priso ner is ripe for it. This is usual ly when
he
obser ves that the priso ner has becom e docil e and com-
plian t and show s evide nce of deter iorat ion in his mood
and perso nal appea rance .
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mon
exper ience and appli ed on a "rule of thum b", tlcom
sense " basis .
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in the first place ... he asked me to sit down and was very
friendly ... It was very terrific. 1, well, 1 almost felt
like 1 had a friend sitting there. 1 had to stop every now
and then and realize that this man wasn't a friend of mine.
1 was - it was, it was - it - i can't tell you how, but it
ma.de a tremendous impression on me ... It was almost
like seeing one of myoId friends ... almost like being
relaxed .•. 1 had to extremely careful not to, not to,
just do anything he wanted to do ... 1 als 0 felt as though
1 couldn't be rude to him. 1 don't know why, but 1 felt
that way. It was much more difficult for me to-well,
1 almost felt 1 had as much responsibility to talk to him
and reason and justification as 1 have to talk to you
right now. "
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Secti on 14: The Psych ologi cal Inter actio n Betw een
Priso ner and Inter rogat or
Durin g the inter rogat ion the psych ologi cal inter -
actio: n betwe en the priso ner and the inter rogat or is
per-
haps even more impo rtant than the physi cal aspec ts
of
the proce dure itself . It has been said that the inter
ro-
gator appro aches the priso ner with the assum ption
that
he is gUilty . It is impo rtant that we defin e this state
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ment preci sely. It does not mean that the inter rogat
or
is not: awar e of the "true facts " of the situat ion but
that
he inter prets them in the light of Comm unist ideol ogy.
The KGB office r is a Comm unist . He has selec ted
this
priso ner from one of the group s of suspe cts descr ibed
earli er. The man was arres ted becau se the KGB, which
repre sents the Comm unist State , regar ded him as
a
mena ce to the Party or its prog ram. Anyo ne who is
a
mena ce to the Party is, by defin ition, guilty of threa
ten-
ing the secur ity of the Comm unist State . Ergo , from
the C omm unist point of view, the m an is "guil ty".
In
other word s, the KGB has decid ed that this· man must
be dealt with in some mann er, "for the good of the
State ." Once the man has been arres ted this point
is
no longe r open to quest ion. This is the true or "esot
eric"
mean ing of the frequ ently repea ted Comm unist statem
ent
that "In a Comm unist state , innoc ent peopl e are never
arres ted. II If one accep ts their defin ition of "guil t"
and
"inno cence ", this is indee d a fact.
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were "actually true If in the sense that some of the
specific acts described in the confessions actually
occurred.
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PART III
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The Chinese have shown great skill in the
development of these methods and their applica-
tion; but like the Rus sians they developed their
methods by trial and error, through practice.
There is no evidence that psychologists, neuro-
physiologists, or other scientists participated
in their development.
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Section 3: Chinese Prison Routine
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An aspect of their isolation regimen which
is especially onerous to Western prisoners is
the arrangement for the elimination of urine
and feces. The "slop jar II that is usually present
in Russian cells is absent in China. It is a
Chinese custom to allow defecation and urina-
tion only at one or two specified times each
day- -usually in the morning after breakfast.
The prisoner is hustled from his cell by a
guard, double -timed down a long corridor, and
given approximately two minutes to squat over
an open Chinese latrine and attend all of his
wants. The haste and the public scrutiny are
especially difficult for women to tolerate. H
the prisoners cannot complete their action in
about two minutes, they are abruptly dragged
away and back to their cells. The guards
customarily allow only this one opportunity
for defecation, but they may allow one or more
other opportunities to urinate during the day.
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Section 5: The Indoctrination Procedure in the
Group Cell*
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For Example:
* (liThe Communist Manifesto"; "Socialism-
Utopian and Scientific"; "hnperialism·-the
Highest Stage of Capitalism"; "Foundations
of Leninism"; "The History of Social Develop-
ment"; Leontiev l s "Poli tical Economy"; "The
History of the Communist Party of thE:: Soviet
Union")
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all tell him that resistance is useless, that the
Communist party is all powerful, and that no
one who is innocent is ever imprisoned. They
promptly turn upon him and begin to "help him It
in his reform. They criticize him vigorously
and brutally. They point out every error in
his thinking. They detect his every attempt to
evade commitment and destroy it. (*) They do
not allow protestation of innocence. Thence-
forth, he has no moment of peace and no shred
of privacy.
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Section 7: The Conversion
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first that all the things I did were perfectly
normal information-gathering episodes, done
because I was trying to learn everything I
could about China as a student. I also knew
that a government representative before I
left had told me to 'keep my eyes open',
although I didn't get paid for this and this was
not a real mission. Also I would periodically
report to the American Consul and other
Western diplomatic acquaintances, various points
of information on conditions in my area. Since
I was not doing this either for pay nor really
systematically organizing to get this information,
I felt that I was not spying. I tried to tell them
that really in all the information-passing I was
quite favorable to them. I told them that I had
voted for Norman Thomas (this made them mad).
When I went to China, I knew the Kuomintang was
rotten. I hoped China would go Titoist and I was
trying to get facts for my personal information.
However, I had eventually to admit that, by their
law and in their eyes, I had been guilty of espionage -
and, indirectly, espionage was sabotage of the
Chinese people. You see, I was organizing
everything I observed in my mind and was planning
to tell it or write a report when I got back.
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realization that they have been cut off from the Western
world for a long time, and with some suspicion that
not everything in the outside world will turn out to be
as it was presented to them in prison. All of them
have a tentative orientation toward whatever new
beliefs they may have, and most of them have reser-
vations about their entire experience.
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is great; his ability to manipulate both the physical and
interpersonal aspects of the prisoner's environment
place his victim in a highly vulnerable position.
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