FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EMPRESARIALES

ESCUELA ACADÉMICO PROFESIONAL DE NEGOCIOS

INTERNACIONALES

TÍTULO:

CIA FACTBOOK - MARKET ACCESS MAP

AUTORES:

Doria Isidro, Deysi Fiorela

Donayre Levano, Xiomara del Milagro
Janampa Vásquez, Brisa Fiorela
Moreno Palacios, Katherin Cristina
Vilca Regalado, Yani Stefany Dayana

ASESOR:

MBA. Salazar Lopez, Yasser Jackson

LIMA - PERÚ

2024
1.- MARKET ACESS MAP

1.1 Tariff duties

As examples we will use: For product 20057000 – Las demás hortalizas preparadas
o conservadas (excepto en vinagre o en ácido acético) sin congelar excepto los
productos de la partida 20.06: Aceitunas.

Since Peru exports olives to Chile, this exchange has import regulatory requirements applied
for this product, such measures are seven

● Agreement information: NAME FTA, AAP.CE 38: Chile-Peru, IN FORCE

2009-03-01, TYPE Free trade agreement, SCOPE Bilateral,Country-Country,
MEMBER STATESChile, Peru

● Tariff regime: MFN duties (Applied) with a Applied Tariff 6% and EVE 6%,
Preferential tariff (AAP.CE38) for Peru with a Applied Tariff and EVE of 0%

● Administrative procedure: Now you will need to complete a certificate of origin (CoO)
in order to demonstrate that your product indeed qualifies under the rules of origin. It
will have to be presented at the customs of the destination country during the
clearance procedure, when the customs officer asks whether your product qualifies
under FTA, AAP.CE 38: Chile-Peru

● Certification of origin (CoO): The certification type under FTA, AAP.CE 38:
Chile-Peru is by authorized body. This means that certificate of origin is
issued by an agency empowered for this purpose.

● Documents: Certificate of origin, Product-specific rules of origin, Chapter on

rules of origin, Customs administration and Full text of agreement

● Preferential tariff for Pacific Alliance countries of 0%

● Agreement information: Regional group, Alianza del Pacifico, IN FORCE

2016-05-01, TYPE Free trade agreement, SCOPE
Plurilateral,Country-Country MEMBER STATES Chile, Colombia, Mexico,
Peru

● Documents: Chapter On Rules Of Origin, Full Text Of Agreement,

Product-Specific Rules Of Origin, WTO Notification and Certificate Of Origin
1.2. Export requirements

Since Peru exports olives to Chile, this exchange has import regulatory requirements applied
for this product, such measures are seven..

For the product 20057000 - other vegetables prepared or preserved otherwise than frozen,
excluding products of heading 20.06 olives.

● A140 : Authorization requirement for SPS reasons for importing certain products

● A830 - Certification requirement

According to the exemp resolution N°. 3589 of 19/6/12 in the Ministry of

Agriculture tells us that the products classified in category 1,2,3 and 4 require
sanitary inspections at the port of entry.

● A210 - Tolerance limits for residues or contamination by certain

substances (non-microbiological)

● A310 - Labelling requirements

● A410 - Microbiological criteria of the final product

According to Supreme Decree N° 9777 of 8/6/1996 of the Ministry of

Health, imported products must indicate the number and date of the health
service resolution

● C300 - Requisito de pasar por un puerto de aduanas específico

 According to resolution N° 510 Exemp of 28/12/2016 of the Ministry of
Agriculture does not say what is the requirement to pass through a customs
port.

● B310 - Labelling requirements

According to decree N° 297 of 6/03/1992 modified by decree 682

19/11/93, the labeling requirement is as follows

2.- CIA FACTBOOK (COLOMBIA)

Demographic Transition:

● Colombia is currently in the midst of a demographic transition, which has

resulted from steady declines in fertility, mortality, and population growth rates.

● The birth rate has fallen from more than 6 children per woman in the 1960s to
just below replacement level today due to increased literacy, family planning
services, and urbanization

PEOPLE AND SOCIETY

Ethnic Composition:

The Ethnic composition of Colombia is diverse, with the following breakdown:

Mestizo and white 87.6%, Afro - Colombia 6.8%, Indigenous 4.3%, unspecified
1.4%.

Political Institutions

Colombia was one of three countries that emerged after the dissolution of Gran
Colombia in 1830, the others being Ecuador and Venezuela. Despite decades of
internal conflict and drug-trade-related challenges, Colombia maintains relatively
strong democratic institutions characterized by peaceful, transparent elections and
the protection of civil liberties

Legislative Structure
Includes the Chamber of Representatives, with 188 seats. Members are elected in
multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote, with
additional seats reserved for specific constituencies and special circumstances.

Government

Colombia, a presidential republic, named after Christopher Columbus, with Bogotá

as its capital. It declared independence from Spain on July 20, 1810, celebrating
Independence Day on the same date. The current constitution dates back to July 4,
1991, with a legal system influenced by Spanish and French civil codes.

Citizenship requires at least one parent to be a citizen or permanent resident, and

dual citizenship is recognized, with a 5-year residency requirement for naturalization.
Suffrage is universal at 18 years.

The executive branch, led by President Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego and Vice
President Francia Elena MÁRQUEZ Mina, serves a single 4-year term. The
bicameral Congress comprises the Senate and Chamber of Representatives.

Colombia's judiciary includes the Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Court, and
Council of State. Political parties like the Alternative Democratic Pole, Democratic
Center Party, and Liberal Party are active. Colombia engages in various international
organizations and maintains diplomatic ties, notably with the US. Its flag features
three horizontal bands of yellow, blue, and red.

The Andean condor represents Colombia's national symbol, with its anthem adopted
in 1920. It boasts 9 World Heritage Sites, including Chiribiquete National Park and
the Coffee Cultural Landscape.

Economy

Colombia's economy, once among the most consistently growing, faced challenges
due to COVID-19. Despite a large stimulus package, delayed infrastructure
investments impacted growth. However, successful inflation management and a
flexible exchange rate regime were notable. Real GDP was estimated at $810.104
billion in 2022, showing a growth rate of 7.26%. GDP per capita reached $15,600.
Inflation was 10.18% in 2022.
Industries like textiles, food processing, and oil contribute significantly, with
agricultural products including sugarcane and bananas. The labor force stands at
25.771 million, with an unemployment rate of 10.55% in 2022. Poverty affects 39.3%
of the population, with a Gini Index coefficient of 51.5 indicating significant income
inequality.

Exports totaled $73.112 billion in 2022, with partners like the US and Panama.
Imports amounted to $89.54 billion, primarily from the US and China. Foreign
exchange reserves stood at $56.704 billion, while external debt was $135.644 billion.
The exchange rate was 4,256.194 Colombian pesos per US dollar in 2022.

Transportation.

Colombia's transportation infrastructure comprises 662 airports and 55 heliports. The

country has extensive pipeline networks, with significant lengths dedicated to gas,
oil, and refined products. Railways cover 2,141 km, including both standard and
narrow gauge tracks.

Roadways extend over 206,102 km, facilitating land transportation. Waterways cover
24,725 km, with the River Magdalena being crucial for navigation. The merchant
marine fleet totals 153 vessels, including general cargo and oil tankers.

Major seaports include Cartagena, Santa Marta, and Buenaventura, serving the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Container ports in Cartagena and Buenaventura handle
substantial traffic, while Barranquilla serves as a river port. Additionally, Puerto
Bolivar handles dry bulk cargo, particularly coal.