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10 21273@hortsci 39 7 1617
A plant canopy with a high LAI can be as pro- plant growth and more tests with different of photosynthesis. Pro. Natl. Acad. Sci.
ductive as a canopy having higher individual green peak wavelengths (using green LEDs) 87:7502–7506.
unit Pn, but with a overall lower LAI (Goins with red and blue LEDs would be useful in Dougher, T.A. and B. Bugbee. 1999. Toward an
et al., 2001; Hunt, 1990). Although Pn among determining a green light response spectrum. understanding of blue light effects on diverse
species: Implications for advanced life-support
plants grown under RB, RGB, and CWF were These findings could then be used to design systems. SAE Tech. Paper 1999-01-2108.
similar, plants grown under RGB displayed a spectrally balanced LED systems for support- Dougher, T.A.O. and B. Bugbee. 2001a. Differences
higher leaf area, which could facilitate greater ing plant growth, especially for very specialized in the response of wheat, soybean and lettuce to
light interception to improve photosynthesis applications, such as in space. reduced blue radiation. Photochem. Photobio.
at low light levels. Figure 2 demonstrates that 73:199–207.
a high LAI facilitated more incident radiation Literature Cited Dougher, T.A.O. and B. Bugbee. 2001b. Evidence
interception, which in turn enhanced the overall for yellow light suppression of lettuce growth.
Barta, D.J., T.W. Tibbits, R.J. Bula, and R.C. Mor- Photochem. Photobiol. 73:208–212.
plant growth rate. row. 1992. Evaluation of light emitting diode
This investigation demonstrated that the Goins, G.D. 2002. Growth, stomatal conductance,
characteristics for space-based plant irradiation and leaf surface temperature of Swiss chard
addition of 24% green light (500 to 600 nm) to source. Adv. Space Res. 12:141–149. grown under different artificial lighting technolo-
red and blue LEDs (RGB treatment) enhanced Brown, C.S., A.C. Schuerger, and J.C. Sager. 1995. gies. SAE Tech. Paper 2002-01-2338.
lettuce growth compared to plants grown under Growth and photomorphogenesis of pepper Goins, G.D., J.C. Sager, R.M. Wheeler, L.M. Ruffe,
cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF treatment). plants under red light-emitting diodes with and N.C. Yorio. 2001. Salad crop production
Coincidentally, lettuce grown using RGB light- supplemental blue or far-red lighting. J. Amer. under different wavelengths of red light-emit-
ing would have an additional aesthetic appeal Soc. Hort. Sci. 120:808–813. ting diodes (LEDs). SAE Tech. Paper 2001-
Bugbee, B. and F.B. Salisbury. 1988. Exploring the 01-2422.
of a green appearance. limits of crop productivity. I. Photosynthetic
In this study, small fluorescent lamps that Goins, G.D. and N.C. Yorio. 2000. Spinach growth
efficiency of wheat in high irradiance environ- and development under innovative narrow- and
emit green light were installed with an array of ments. Plant Physiol. 88:869–878. broad-spectrum lighting sources. SAE Tech.
red and blue LEDs. Considerable commercial Bula, R.J., R.C. Morrow, T.W. Tibbits, D.J. Barta, Paper 2000-01-2290.
interest has been directed toward improving R.W. Ignatius, and T.S. Martin. 1991. Light- Goins, G.D., N.C. Yorio, M.M. Sanwo, and C.S.
green LEDs and, therefore, green LEDs that emitting diodes as a radiation source for plants. Brown. 1997. Photomorphogenesis, photosyn-
have high output and provide the required HortScience 26:203–205. thesis, and seed yield of wheat plants grown
photon flux are more available now than be- Chow, W.S., A. Melis, and J.M. Anderson. 1990. under red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with
fore. Further studies are needed to determine Adjustments of photosystem stoichiometry in and without supplemental blue lighting. J. Expt.
chloroplasts improve the quantum efficiency Bot. 48:1407–1413.
required levels of green photons for optimum