ELEMENTARY ENGLISH MODULE PDF 2021 UniSHAMS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT & CONTENTS PAGE NO.
UNIT 1
1. Reading & listening: Surfer survives shark attack 1

2. Grammar: Indefinite pronoun 6
3. Speaking : Booking an airline ticket 10
4. My journal 12
UNIT 2
1. Reading: Dust 13
2. Grammar: Linking words 15
3. Writing: Basic guide in essay writing 20
4. Speaking:The burglary 25
5. My journal 28
UNIT 3
1. Reading: Everyone loves yellow banana 29
2. Grammar: Possessiveness in English 31
3. Writing: Introduction paragraph 39
4. Speaking: Meeting a foreign stranger 43
5. My journal 45
UNIT 4
1. Reading: Growing up and self-esteem 46
2. Grammar:Compound sentence 51
3. Writing: Body of an essay 54
4. Speaking: Lost the way 59
5. My journal 61
UNIT 5
1. Reading: Could you be a trash artist? 62

2. Grammar: Past tense 66
3. Writing exercise 71
4. Speaking: Group discussion 73
5. My journal 75
UNIT 6
1. Reading: The shape of building to come 76

2. Grammar: Future tense 79
3. Writing: Topic sentence 84
5. My journal 88
UNIT 7
1. Reading: Studying technology 89

2. Writing: Conclusion paragraph 96
4. My journal 100
UNIT 8
1. Reading: Sources of energy 101

2. Grammar: Modal verb 104
3. Writing exercise 111
5. My journal 116
REFERENCE 117
ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
UNIT 1
READING TIPS
Try these guidelines to create a distraction-free and reading-friendly zone:
 Make the time and space first. Start treating your reading time as
something that you practice daily. Make yourself a drink and sit in a room.
If your home is noisy, try to go to library.
 Turn your back to doors, hallways and areas where there’s a lot of
motion and you may get distracted from people walking by.
 Sit facing a window overlooking trees or blank space.
 Let people around you know that you need to focus on your reading for a
couple of hours so they won’t barge into the room or ask you to do
something. This applies to family members, coworkers, your study group
and friends.
 Set your phone to Airplane mode. This way you won’t get distracted by
calls, text messages, emails, and notifications from your phone apps. You
can also turn off the volume and turn the screen away from you.
 Have everything you’ll need while reading at your fingertips. If you do,
you’re less likely to step away from your desk. Prepare your notebook,
reference materials, pens and highlighters.
1 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
READING SECTION
Read the passage on your own. Later, listen to the story below.
Pay attention on how the orator tells the story. Then, answer the questions
about the passage.
Surfer Survives Shark Attack
1 It was a hot, sunny day. The waves of Santa Barbara were almost three
feet high because of a distant Pacific storm. Surfers were having fun.
Then the fun ended. A young man started yelling. Surfers on the beach
saw him swinging his arms. He went under water. Then he came back up,
shouting for help.
2 "He was in big trouble," said one woman on shore. She called 911. He
was still shouting and fighting. They could not see a shark, but they knew
the surfer was being attacked by one. Again, the surfer went under. Four
surfers hopped onto their boards and swam rapidly out to the surfer. By the
time they got to him, he was alone. The shark had given up on the taste of
the rubber wetsuit and the battle that the surfer had put up. The
24‐year‐old man was groaning in pain, but he was still alive. The surfers
put him on a board and paddled back to shore. "I don't think he's going to
make it," said someone on the beach. "Look at that leg."
3 A helicopter arrived shortly afterward. Paramedics hopped out and

examined the victim. They thanked the surfers and the woman for their
aid, and put the man into the chopper. A hospital spokesman said an hour
later that the surfer would survive; he was in fair condition. Meanwhile,

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
because there was nothing they could do and the waves were still good,
most of the surfers were out on their boards.
EXERCISE
A. Answer the questions below.
1. When did the shark attack happen?
________________________________________________________
2. Why did the shark let go of the young man?
________________________________________________________
3. Do you think that shark attack scared the surfers? Give one reason.
_________________________________________________________
4. In your opinion, do we have to kill all sharks in the sea? State one
reason for your answer.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
5. What is the antonym of the word below?

a. Hot : _________________________
b. Paddled back : _________________________
c. Went under : _________________________
d. Arrived : _________________________
e. Survive : _________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
B. Complete the word puzzle below with a partner. You can guess the answer
by reading the passage ‘Surfer Survives Shark Attack’.
1 2 3
b g y
4 5 a
h s
l
6 p 7 d 8
c p e
9 f
p
10 c m
v
11 f
s
12 s t 13 e
d s
g 14 c o
h
15
p m c
Across
5. A ___________ can always bite you, because when their teeth fall
out, they grow back!
6. ___________s and big planes drop water to help put out fires in
California.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
7. If you want to get somewhere in a canoe, you have to ___________.
9. The ___________ Ocean, between Asia and the US, is divided into
the North ____________ and the South ___________.
10.
The wife and mother of the three murder ____________s in San
Francisco is suing the city for wrongful death.
11. The ___________ said, "The waves are gnarly. Let's ride them!"
12. She had a ___________ look in her eyes as he was talking; she
didn't seem to be listening.
13. They ___________d up the levee wall with some lumber they found
nearby.
14. A ___________ is also called a rotary-wing aircraft; planes are

fixed-wing aircraft.
15. Emergency medical technicians and ___________s do the same

thing--save people's lives.
Down
1. Many people are standing at the ____________ as the waves are

too high
2. The rescuers could hear victims ___________ing under the

collapsed building.
3. The cheerleaders___________ed throughout the game.
4. If you're in a sack race, you put both feet into a sack and then
___________ to the finish line.
5. The people who ___________d the plane crash were taken to the
hospital.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
8. After the doctor ___________d Sara and asked her some questions,
he concluded that her stomach problem was due to stress.
11. In baseball, a batter gets three ___________s and he's out.
13. Thunder ___________
GRAMMAR SECTION : INDEFINITE PRONOUN
Revision: Pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence. Pronoun

such as he and she are definite pronouns as they replaced a definite noun.
(noun) (pronoun)
The fireman is brave. He jumps into the fire without any fear.
However, there is also noun that is undefined in terms of its quantity or gender.
Hence, this indefinite noun is replaced with indefinite pronoun.
Indefinite pronoun:
 Does not refer to specific place, person or thing.
 Placed in the same location as a noun would be in a sentence.
(noun) (definite pronoun)
Example: I would like to go to Malacca this holiday. It is a beautiful

state.
I would like to go somewhere this holiday.
(indefinite pronoun)

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
 Indefinite pronoun is considered as SINGULAR noun if the quantity is not

known. Thus, it is used with singular noun’s verb.
(plural noun) (verb)

Example: The students in my class are wise.
Everyone in the class is wise.
(Can be one student or more than one)
The indefinite pronouns are:
Meaning Person Place Thing
everyone everywhere Everything

everybody
All
1. Everyone is 2. I looked 3. I gave
sleeping in my everywhere everything
room. for my shoes. to you.
someone Somewhere Something

somebody
Part
(positive 4. Someone is 5. Zaim is 6. He saw
statement) sleeping in my looking for something in
room. somewhere the forest.
to shop in Alor
Setar.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
anyone anywhere anything

anybody
7. I won't tell your 9. We can go 11. I don't have

Part
secret to anywhere anything to
(negative
anyone. (-ve) you'd like this drink.(-ve)
& positive
week. (+ve)
statement)
8. You may invite 12. He would give
anybody you 10. She didn't go anything to
want. (+ve) anywhere you. (+ve)
last week.
(-ve)
no one nowhere nothing

nobody
None
14. There is 15. There is
nowhere as
13. No one is in my nothing to
beautiful as
room. Kedah. eat.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXERCISE
A. Match the sentences on the scenario below with the correct indefinite
pronoun. Then, fill in the blanks to complete the sentences.
 nothing
1. Is there __________ in the can?
 anything
Yes, there is __________in it.
 something
There is a sweet in it.
 someone
There is __________else in it.
 nothing
2. Minah has taken __________from the can.
 something
It is a sweet.
 everything
There is __________in it now.
3. Awang has __________to eat.

 something
Munah is giving him __________.
 something
She is giving him a piece of cake.
 nothing
Now he has __________to eat.
 somebody
4. Is there __________at the kitchen?
 anybody
Yes, there is __________at the kitchen.
 something
Who is it?
 no one
It is Ahmad.
5. Are you going __________today?

 somewhere
Yes, but __________near.
 anywhere
Then, could you help me with __________?
 anything
What is it?
 something
Please buy me food. It can be __________as long as it
is delicious.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
B. Circle the correct answer and fill in the blank to complete the sentences
below.
1. Money __________________ (is / are) not everything but everything

__________________ (needs / need) money.
2. I __________________ (saw / see) someone __________________

(was following / is following ) you last night.
3. I __________________ (does / do )not feel well today. I think

something _______________ (is / was) wrong with my neck.
4. Where (is / are) everybody? I__________________ (need / will need)

to brief about our program tomorrow.
5. Helmi __________________ (want /wants) to suggest something and

we think__________________ (it/ he) __________________ (has /
have ) __________________ (an / a) excellent idea.
SPEAKING SECTION
Try out the conversation below with your friends. Do not forget to talk to each
other with the right intonation.
Situation: Booking An Airline Ticket
Characters: Yusuf (a customer) Noor (a travel agent) Adilah (an airport clerk)
Yusuf : Good morning

Noor : Good morning. Please sit down.
Yusuf: I would like to book an airline ticket to Langkawi.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Noor : When do you wish to go?

Yusuf : On Tuesday, next week.
Noor : Our airline does not make a direct flight from Alor Setar to Langkawi on
Tuesday, neither do other air lines. Would you like to change it to
Wednesday?
Yusuf : I have an important event on Wednesday morning.
Noor : In that case, you can take a flight from Penang to Langkawi.
Yusuf : I think I am good with that.
Noor : Which class would you like?
Yusuf : First class.
Noor : Will you have a lot of luggage ?
Yusuf : No, only one big bag.
Noor : Please wait for a while. I’m going to make a call to Subang.
Noor : Hello! This is Noor from Nuri Tours speaking. Are there any more seats
available on the MAS flight from Penang to Langkawi on Tuesday
morning?
Adilah : There are still eight seats left. How many would you like to have?
Noor : One, please reserve it. Thank you.
Yusuf : Should I pay now?
Noor : Yes, could you please let me have your identity card?
Yusuf : Here it is.
Noor : Here, the ticket for your booking. Please do not forget the date and time
of your flight.
Yusuf : Thank you.
Noor : It’s my pleasure.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXERCISE
Imagine that you are buying a flight ticket but you have problem in
understanding the words below. How would you ask the person in charge? Try to
come out with a question for each.
1. Book :_________________________________________________
2. Direct :_________________________________________________
3. Class :_________________________________________________
4. Luggage :_________________________________________________
5. Reserve :_________________________________________________
6. Identity card:________________________________________________
MY JOURNAL
I lost something and my life was upside down.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
UNIT 2
READING SECTION
Read the passage below carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Title: __________________________
Paragraph: ______________________________________________
1 Dust is defined as dry powder consisting of extremely small bits of earth

or sand. Hence, we can see it everywhere at any spot. Dust can be made up
of anything from dead skin to space rocks. An amount of dust near us can
affect our health. It can cause irritation of the eyes, sneezing, hay-fever
and asthma attack. Basically, there are two types of dust that are well
known which are outdoor dust and house dust.
Paragraph: _____________________________________________
2 Firstly, outdoor dust contains just about anything that can be broken
into small bits and moved around by air currents. Some common thing
in this dust are bits of sand and dirt, pollen grains from flowers and spores
made by mould. Many animals such as the elephants use this dust for
bathing which possibly to remove parasites. Besides outdoor dust,
there is also dust known as the house dust. The exact contents in the house
dust may vary from house to house. It typically contains bits of dry skin,
which are always falling off people and pets. Dust usually also has tiny
fibers of human hair, pet hair, and lint from rugs and clothes. Therefore,
dust will always be everywhere around us.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Paragraph: ______________________________________________
3 In conclusion, types of dust may vary from where it is found either

outdoor or indoor. For human being, cleaning the dust may be stressful
as having too much dust in your house can actually be a health concern for
you and your family. However, it is useful to some animals in continuing
their life.
Answer the questions below carefully.
1. According to the passage, what is dust?
_____________________________________________________________
2. How does the dust affect our health?
_____________________________________________________________
3. How does outdoor dust move around?
_____________________________________________________________
4. Does house dust different from house to house?
_____________________________________________________________
5. What are the contents of these types of dust?
a. outdoor dust: _____________________________________________
b. house dust :_____________________________________________
6. Do you think we can protect ourselves from house dust?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
7. Match the words below with the correct definition.
a. irritation   any substance that makes things dirty
  a painful and sore feeling on a part of body

b. hay-fever
 a situation that makes you worry a lot
c. dirt 
 a medical condition like a bad cold that is
 caused by pollen
d. parasites
 a plant or animal that lives on or in another

e. pets animal or plant and gets food from it
  an animal which you keep and look after at

f. stressful
home
GRAMMAR SECTION : LINKING WORDS
Linking words are used to connect from one sentence to another.
Linking words can be used:
 to connect two sentences to become one (1) or

 to continue with the second sentence (2).
Example: Although she was not rich, she gave money to the beggar. (1)
She is not rich. However, she always gives donation to the

needy. (2)
Types of linking words
1. Sequence linking words 2. Logical linking words

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
1. Sequence link words : To tell an order
a) Using numerical order + comma (,)

 First, /second, /third, First, check if the temperature…
 Firstly, /secondly, /thirdly,
b) Using numerical order + category

(without comma)
 The first cause is… The first step is to check if the
 The second cause is.. temperature is ………..
 The first step is..
 The second step is..
c) Without numerical order+ comma (,)

 then, /next, /after that, /later, Firstly, check the temperature.
afterwards, lastly, / finally, Next, make sure that the cake is
ready to be baked.
2. Logical link words: To join two ideas that have a particular purpose.
Purpose Link Words & Phrases Example
a) To show but / however / although / He wanted to study in the

contrast on the other hand/ in contrast library. However, it was
already closed.
b) To show similarly / like / equally / in a I love cycling. Similarly, my

similarity similar way / likewise best friend love the activity too.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
for example / such as /

c) To give We need to eat healthy food
for instance
examples such as vegetables.
d) To so / then / consequently / Mike broke his mother’s vase.

express therefore / as a result / thus/ Hence, he had to buy a new
result hence/ therefore one.
e) To because /since / due to / I failed badly, because I did

express that is why not study at all.
reason
f) To clarify in other words / that is to say We cannot stay here. In other

/explain / to another way words, we have to leave now.
g) To in short / briefly In conclusion, our life in

conclude to sum up, / in summary, / to university is not bad at all.
summarise
to conclude, / in conclusion
h) To add and / also / in addition, / There is a discount for this

information besides, / not only …. but also book. In addition, you will get
most importantly, a set of stationary.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXERCISE
A. Fill in the blanks with suitable words in the box.
finally / after a while / most importantly / however / but
because / at the same time / as / at first / soon / later
in conclusion
What important days in your life do you remember? I remember my first day
at university very clearly. I felt excited and happy. ________________ I was
very nervous _________________ I don’t know anyone. _________________,
my first day at university is memorable.
I am always going to remember that day __________________ I had the
opportunity to meet many people. __________________ I met the best friends
that I ever had. _________________, I think that it is natural that on the first
day at university we feel nervous, ________________ often difficult experiences
have happy endings. That is why I say that my first day in the university was
very memorable.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
B. Match A and B to form a coherent sentence.
(A) (B)
1. She could not sleep well last   his friends always treat him.
night, because
2. I did not sleep last night.   they teach their children.

Therefore,
3. You can stay in the hotel.   I forgot to bring it.

Furthermore,
4. They give food to the poor.   there was a weird noise on

Moreover, the ceiling.
5. The house is on sale. In   I am having headache

addition, today.
6. My father is sick. So,   it is all paid for.
7. I have a present for you.   you will get free furniture.

However,
 I have to be with him all the
8. Jamil likes to eat at the  time.
canteen since

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
WRITING SECTION
BASIC GUIDE FOR ESSAY WRITING

Basically,there are three components that are important in writing an essay:
1. Topic
2. Paragraph structure
3. Language properties
1. Topic
Topic is important. By knowing the topic, we will have an inside idea on what
to write for each paragraph. Generally, topic contains two parts :
a) General topic
 It does not need a detail explanation in your writing
 It is elaborated in the introduction paragraph
b) Specific topic
 It is the main point/main idea of the essay
 It needs to be elaborated in detail
 It is highlighted in a thesis statement and elaborated in detail in the
body paragraph
Example: The causes of depression among university students
 General Topic: depression , university students

 Specific Topic: causes of depression
The best memory during my life in campus
 General topic: memory, life in campus

 Specific topic: best memory

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
2. Essay structure
An essay is like a burger that has three basics layers.

a) introduction paragraph top bun
b) body’s paragraph meat
c) concluding paragraph bottom bun
Below is an illustration of an essay using a burger. This structure may be used

for all types of essay writing.
1. INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH
a) Introductory sentence
 Can be a definition sentence of general topic
b) Basic information of general topic
c) Thesis statement
2. BODY PARAGRAPH
a) Topic sentence/main idea
b) Supporting details
c) Concluding sentence/conclusion for body
3. CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH
a) Concluding sentence/ conclusion for the
essay
b) Suggestion/ idea/ resolution
c) Closure

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
3. Language properties
 A burger without sauce is tasteless. A writing without correct language
usage is in lack too.
 If readers can enjoy reading your essay and understand it well, then
you are good in writing.
 In order to write well, we need to know how to use the language

correctly. Among the essential language properties are:
1. Tense (past, present, future)

Depends on the topic and time fame.
6. Adverb 2. Linking
words
To give a vivid
description on To connect one
an action sentence to
another
coherently
5. Pronoun 3. Adjective
Correct usage of To give a vivid

pronoun can avoid description of
confusion a noun
4. Synonym word
Show variety of vocabularies

To avoid a boring writing

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Example:
My brother is a great brother. He always helps me with my
housework. Besides that, he repairs my bicycle each time it breaks
down. He never forgets to buy cute present for my birthday. Thus,
my brother is the best.
EXERCISE
A. Identify the general and specific topic for the topic below.
1. The legend of Mahsuri in Langkawi

General: ________________________________________________
Specific: ________________________________________________
2. Characteristic of a good Muslim

General: ________________________________________________
Specific: ________________________________________________
3. The wisdom of fasting in Islam

General: ________________________________________________
Specific: ________________________________________________
4. My first day learning English

General: ________________________________________________
Specific: ________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
5. Unforgettable event during last Eid Fitr

General: ________________________________________________
Specific: ________________________________________________
B. Read the passage on page 13. Give a suitable title for the passage.
Title: __________________________________________________
C. Label the paragraph of the passage on page 13 and 14 according to the

lesson in this unit.
D. Read the paragraph below. Identify examples for each grammatical

category.
Junk food is often blamed for the rise in diabetes. However,

researchers say that gourmet food is another culprit. According to
diabetes specialists, many people are unaware meals at restaurant are
often as high in fat, salt and sugar as fast food. Hence, they advise us
to limit eating out to once a week and eat healthily such as grilled food,
steam vegetables and fresh salad.
1. Noun : _________________ , _________________ , _______________
2. Adjective: _________________ , _________________ , _____________
3. Adverb : _________________ , _________________
4. Pronoun : _________________ , _________________
5. Link word: _________________ , _________________
6. Tense: past / present / future ?

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
SPEAKING SECTION
Listen to the conversation on ‘The burglary’. Then, answer the questions

below.
EXERCISE
A. Choose the correct dialogue between a or b. Tick ( √ ) your answer.
1. a) I don’t believe it! ( )

b) I’m not believing it! ( )
2. a) What is going on? ( )

b) What goes on? ( )
3. a) There’ll be a break-in. ( )
b) There is a break-in. ( )
4. a) Had anything been stolen? ( )

b) Has anything been stolen? ( )
5. a) I had some really nice fish. ( )

b) I was having some really nice fish. ( )
B. Which of the words below is spelled correctly?
1. breakfast / brekfast
2. mes / mess
3. rubbish / rubish
4. everywhere / evrywhere
5. theives / thieves
6. pecial / special
7. burgler / burglar

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
C. Read the transcription of the conversation. Can you guess who are the
characters?
The burglary
Character: 1. Tony ( ) 2. Harry ( )

3. Sarah ( ) 4. Olivia ( )
5. Fadi ( ) 6. Magda ( )
7. Carl ( ) 8. cat
9. Johny (new customer)
Tony : Oh no... Oh no... I don’t believe it!

Harry (still outside): Let’s just nip into the café for breakfast.
Bindyu : OK, sure.
Harry (entering): Hi there, Tony! What’s the problem?
Tony : There’s been a break-in!
Harry : A burglary?
Sarah : What’s up?
Tony : Just have a look!
Harry : Ermm... Everything looks normal to me!
Olivia : Hi, everyone! Just thought I’d nip in to get a coffee before work...
er... what’s going on?
Bindyu : Tony’s upset about something.
Olivia : I can’t see anything unusual.
Harry : Me neither.
Tony : What?! Are you mad? Look – all these cups are broken!
Olivia : Oh, yeah. Now you mention it…
Tony : And look at the mess here!
Harry : Some broken plates on the floor.
Tony : The dustbins!
Fadi : Hi, all! What’s going on? What’s wrong with the dustbins?

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Tony : There’s rubbish everywhere!

Bindyu : Oh yeah.
Magda : Hi, all!
Olivia : Thieves?
Magda/Sarah : Oh no!
Olivia : Has anything been stolen?
Magda : Quick! Check!
Tony : I never leave any money in the café overnight,so that’s not a danger.
Harry : Is there anything else? Anything valuable?
Tony : Well, there were those special pieces of fish.
All : Fish?
Tony : Yeah... I had some really nice fish
Carl : Hey, everyone! What’s going on?
All : What?!! What’s that?!
Harry : Who the...?
Sarah : What the...?
Fadi : How did...?
All : A cat!!?
Olivia : There’s your burglar!
Tony : That explains the fish.
Johnny : Hello all! Ooohhh. Hello, puss! Is this the new café cat?
D. Circle the correct word to complete the sentences.
1. Harry suggests going into the café for lunch / breakfast.

2. Tony is angry / upset.
3. The cups and plates are broken / missing.
4. Tony never / usually keeps money in the café overnight.
5. A dog / cat is responsible for the mess.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
MY JOURNAL
Emergency call
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
UNIT 3
READING SECTION
A. Listen carefully to the audio played. Fill in the blanks with the correct word.
Everyone loves yellow bananas
What a _____________ fruit the banana is, _____________all over the
world. Its three colors tell you how ripe it is. _____________means go, as in
go find another banana. _____________means eat me.
_____________means eat me but don't bother chewing before you swallow.
The only thing that would make a banana more _____________ is if you could
eat the peel. Plus, a banana is neat to eat. When you _____________into it,
you don't have to worry about juice squirting all over yourself and your dinner
_____________(like oranges or grapefruit, for example). And it's a silent food.
You can _____________it all you like without driving your neighbors crazy
with crunching sounds (like apples or carrots, for example). Finally, it's easy to
cut. You don't need a steak knife; you can slice it with a fork or a
_____________, if you like.
You're never too _____________or too _____________to eat bananas.
Babies eat mashed _____________before their teeth grow in.
Great‐great‐grandparents eat mashed bananas after their teeth fall out. The
banana is versatile. You can fry it, _____________it, mash it, or eat it raw.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
You can slice it and put it on your _____________cereal. At lunchtime you can
snack on a raw banana, or make a _____________ butter and banana
sandwich, or eat a bag of dried bananas. You can add a banana to your ice
cream for _____________and call it a banana split. You can order a healthful
banana smoothie at your local smoothie store. On weekends you can order a
banana daiquiri at your local bar or _____________.
Here in the U.S., we get most of our bananas from Ecuador and Costa
Rica, although the fruit reportedly originated in Asia. Bananas give us lots of
potassium and _____________ A and C, and hardly any sodium. The price of
bananas hasn't changed much over recent years—they're still about 65 cents a
pound, despite rising gas and labor prices. If that's too _____________, you
can still get three pounds for a buck at many dollar stores.
B. Read the passage again and determine whether the statement below is true
or false? Circle your answer.
1. Banana has 3 colours. TRUE / FALSE
2. Banana is only popular in certain countries. TRUE / FALSE
3. Brown banana is hard to be chewed. TRUE / FALSE
4. You will not get dirty if you eat banana unlike orange. TRUE / FALSE
5. You can slice banana with any utensil. TRUE / FALSE
6. You can make any types of dish with banana. TRUE / FALSE
7. The price of banana keeps rising from time to time. TRUE / FALSE

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
GRAMMAR SECTION: POSSESSIVENESS IN ENGLISH
There are verbs that are used specifically to show possessiveness. In showing
possessiveness, it is important to identify the owner and the belonging.
1. Owner : can be noun (Abu, Jamek mosque, boy, mosque) OR pronoun for
subject (he, she, it, I, we, they,you)
2. Belonging : can be noun OR pronoun in replacing the noun.
 Fatimah has a beautiful smile.
Owner belonging
 Khawlah’s dress is beautiful.
Owner belonging
There are three ways to show that we own something or something is belonged
to us instead of using the action verbs such as own or belong.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
1. Possessive pronoun + belonging
1.1 Possessive pronoun:

a) her, his, its, my, your, our, their
 The owner is replaced by using possessive pronoun followed by the
belonging.
Owner Belonging
1. This is her assignment.
2. This is his assignment.
3. This is its food.
4. That is my car.
5. Those are your presents
6. These are our books
7. That is their teacher.
b) hers, his, its, mine, your, ours, theirs

 The owner is replaced with the pronoun and the belonging is
mentioned before the owner.
Belonging Owner
1. The assignment is hers.
2. The homework is his.
3. The cat food is its.
4. That car is mine.
5. Those presents are yours.
6. These books are ours.
7. That project is theirs.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
 Sometimes, the belonging is not mentioned when this types of

pronoun is used.
 This may happen when there is prior knowledge regarding the
belonging in a conversation OR when determiners are used (this,
these, those, that).
 Example: “Is that your sister’s homework?
“No, this is mine.”
“Whose homework are you doing?”

“ Of course it is mine.” OR “Mine.”
EXERCISE
A. Complete the sentences with the correct pronoun.
1. The cat is licking ______________ paw.
2. Have you eaten ______________ dinner yet?
3. Jim is playing with ______________ pet.
4. I have finished ______________ final project.
5. The children are putting ______________ shoes.
6. The girl sews ______________ own dress.
7. You must not leave ______________ things here.
8. We met ______________ former school teacher last week.
9. Did Aisyah invite you to ______________ feast?
10. The carpenter makes ______________ own furniture.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
B. Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive form of the word in the bracket.
1. She has a bag. It is ______________ (she).
2. I found your matric car but I cannot find ______________ (I).
3. Your hand writing is as beautiful as ______________ (she).
4. The old car is ______________ (our).
5. The house on our right is ______________ (he).
6. The boys have forgotten to buy ______________(they).
7. The stage is ______________(our) today.
8. Those packages of instant noodle are ______________(we).
9. Is the old car _______________(you)?
10. The keys are not ______________(I).
2. Verb ‘has , have , had “
The verb ‘has,have,had’ can be used on its own in a sentence. If it is used with
an action verb, it is known as helping verb. However, if it is used without
complementing an action verb, it is to show possessiveness.
 Enid Blyton has written many story books. (x possessiveness)
 Enid Blyton has many story books. (√ possessiveness)
- Exists without any action verb; to show possessiveness
-This sentence explains that Enid Blyton owns many story book.
- Owner is located before the verbs ’has,have,had’ and the belonging is

after the verbs.
Enid Blyton has many story books.
Owner belonging

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
 The verb is used according to types of subject (the owner) and the time
frame.
 It can also exist in continuous form.
 The belonging is not necessary a thing; it can be a characteristics of the
owner or a condition.
Table 1
Types of subject Verb Belonging TIME (TENSE)

(owner)
He /She/ It nice smile.

The man
has a good time at the camp.
The cat
a big bicycle. present
Singular noun
Uncountable a cute face.
noun
a good heart.
nice smile.
I/We/They/ You
have
The students a good time at the camp. present
Plural noun
lots of homework.
All types of had a good time at the class past

Subject last semester.
 For continuous form, we only use the verb is/ are / am/was /were
+ having
* The word ‘hasing’ does not exist in English language.
 We only add ‘ing’ to the base form of a verb. ‘Have’ is the base form for
‘has,have,had’.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Table 2
He /She/ It a wonderful time in the

The man campus.
The cat is having high fever. Present

Singular noun continuous
delicious food at the
Uncountable canteen.
noun
I Present
am having severe fever.
continuous
a wonderful time in the

We/They/You campus.
are having Present
The students
hay fever. continuous
Plural noun
delicious dinner at the
canteen.
series of motivational talk

this week.
a wonderful time in the

He /She/ It
campus.
The man
The cat hay fever.
was Past
Singular noun having continuous
delicious dinner at the
Uncountable
canteen when I called.
noun
was Past
I severe fever yesterday.
having continuous

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
We/They/You a wonderful time in the Past

were campus. continuous
The students
having
Plural noun series of motivational talk
these week.
EXERCISE
A. Write 5 complete sentences from table 1 and 5 complete sentences from

Table 2 by using different subject. Then, underline the owner and the
belonging.
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________
9. _________________________________________________________
10. _________________________________________________________
B. Complete the sentences with the verb ‘has’, ‘have’ or ‘had’.
1. The gardener _______________ a big farm.
2. The radio station _______________ many workers.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
3. Tigers _______________ bright eyes.
4. I _______________ a nice sleep last night when you woke me.
5. Ahmad and Amir _______________ a bad day yesterday.
6. We _______________ a sailing boat but it is already sold.
7. The children _______________ a birthday party now at the
kindergarten.
8. My neighbours _______________ a good relationship among them.
3. Apostrophe with “ ‘s “
 An apostrophe with alphabet s is used to show ownership.

 It is located after the owner’s last alphabet.
 The belonging is located next to the owner.
 For example: The boy’s book is over there.
owner belonging
The university’s name is UniSHAMS.
However, there is a difference in using the apostrophe with plural and singular
noun
1. Plural owner : The students’ examination result will be out soon.
(plural) students + ‘s = students’
2. Singular owner: The student’s examination result will be out soon.
(one) student +’s = student’s

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXERCISE
A. Look at your friends around you. Write 4 sentences using “ ‘s” about his/ her
belonging or characteristic.
Example: Ain’s eyes are shining like a star.
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
WRITING SECTION
INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH
 Introduction paragraph is the first paragraph of an essay

 It contains general information about your topic
 General topic is elaborated in this paragraph
 An introduction paragraph is ended with a thesis statement.
How to write a good introduction paragraph?

Introductory sentence
Elaboration on general
topic
Thesis statement

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
1. Introductory sentence
 Starts with a definition sentence.
 You may choose a word (main noun) from the topic and write a definition
sentence.
 The definition can either be a dictionary definition or your own definition as
long as it is acceptable.
 Example:
Topic: The benefits of fasting in Islam
Topic: Unforgettable memory during primary school
The first sentence in the introduction paragraph can be:

a. Fasting is ____________________________ (own definition)
b. Islam is a religion that __________________ (own definition)
c. Memory is something that _______________ (own definition)
d. Life in primary school is _________________ (own definition)
e. Fasting is defined as ___________________ (dictionary definition)
2. Elaboration
 As been mentioned earlier, introduction paragraph contains elaboration on
general topic.
 Hence, you may write anything about the topic in this paragraph except the
specific topic (main point).
 Example: Topic: The benefits of fasting in Islam
Elaboration: the history of fasting, types of fasting, wrongdoing in
fasting
3. Thesis statement
 The last sentence in the introduction paragraph
 ONE sentence that mentions the main points or specific idea for the essay
 It is a preview to the whole body of the essay.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
 It is like a complete sentence of the topic.

 You may have a general or specific thesis statement
Example:
a. Last school holiday was an unforgettable memory for me. (general)
b. I met an accident and it was an unforgettable memory. (specific)
a. This essay will look at the benefits of fasting. (general)
b. Fasting is beneficial as it teaches us to be patient and
generous. (specific)
 If you have 4 main ideas, list down the all main ideas in the thesis
statement. The listed main ideas should be a short phrase but
precise.
Fasting is beneficial as it teaches us to be patient and it teaches

us to be generous.
Fasting is beneficial as it teaches us to be patient and

generous.
EXERCISE
A. Below are thesis statements for essays. Identify the main points and try to
guess what is the title of the essay.
1. People should not waste natural energy sources by becoming a smart user,
find possible alternative and contribute towards energy research.
Title:________________________________________________________
Main points 1. _________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
2. The energy from renewable sources can help in reducing the shortage of
the energy, conserve natural energy sources and reduce the pollution.
Title:______________________________________________________
Main points 1. ______________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________
3. There are three advantages of part-time work for students.
Title:______________________________________________________
Main points 1. _____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________
4. This essay will look at three ways to protect our personal information on
Facebook.
Title:______________________________________________________
Main points 1. _____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________
5. There are three reasons why I need to improve my English proficiency.
Title:______________________________________________________
Main points 1. _____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
A. Rearrange the sentences below to form an introduction paragraph. Thesis

statement is not given. Write the thesis statement for the paragraph.
Topic: Types of dust

1. An amount of dust near us can affect our health.
2. Dust is defined as dry powder consisting of extremely small bits of earth
or sand.
3. Hence, we can see it everywhere at any spot. Dust can be made up of
anything from dead skin to space rocks.
4. It can cause irritation of the eyes, sneezing, hay-fever and asthma attack.
5. Dust can be made up of anything from dead skin to space rocks.
6. Types of dust: outdoor dust, house dust
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
SPEAKING SECTION
Try out the conversation below with your friend. You might want to pronounce
the word correctly to avoid misunderstanding.
Situation: Meeting A Foreign Stranger
Character: 1. Mr. Smith (a stranger) 2. Ashraf
Mr. Smith : Excuse me, please. Would you mind telling me the way to the
post office?
Ashraf : Not at all. You are a stranger to Kuala Ketil, aren’t you?
Mr. Smith : Yes, sir. I’m a tourist and I just arrived from London.
Ashraf : My name is Ashraf.
Mr. Smith : My name is John Smith.
Ashraf : I’m glad to meet you Mr. Smith. Welcome to our country.
Mr. smith : Thank you sir, I’m glad to meet you.
Ashraf : You want to go to the post office, don’t you?
Mr. smith : Yes, Mr. Ashraf.
Ashraf : It’s only a short distance from here. I’ll
come with you and show the place.
Mr. smith : It’s very kind of you Mr. Ashraf. Thank you
so much.
Ashraf : Please don’t mention it.
EXERCISE
When we are using second language such as English language in everyday use,
some of us tend to translate from first language to the second language. There is
time when the translated sentence is incorrect.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Pair of sentences below contains incorrect sentence each. Can you guess which
one is a correct sentence? Later, create a conversation between you and a
stranger using the correct dialogue.
1. a) Can you please repeat?

b) Can you please repeat the question?
1. a) Can you repeat what you said again please?

b) Can you please repeat what you have said?
2. a) You cannot parking here.

b) You cannot park here.
3. a) Don’t pretend like you don’t know.

b) Don’t pretend as if you don’t know.
MY JOURNAL
What if I met a foreigner in town???
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
UNIT 4
READING SECTION
Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.
1 A very good morning to the principal, senior teachers, panel of teachers

and my fellow students. Today, as the president of English Language society,
I am here to give a talk on “Growing Up and Self Esteem”.
2 During maturity period, teens struggle with their self-changes. This is
the time when our body goes through many changes. Growing up can make
us feel moody as we have to deal with hormonal changes and physical
changes. Some teens may feel extremely sensitive about how they look.
They tend to compare themselves with people around them. Let me remind
you that no two people are exactly alike. However, all adults have one
common thing which is they made it to go through the period. Hence, you
will too. Besides that, the changes that teenagers go through maturity
period affect their self-esteem. You may feel awkward or embarrassed
about maturing body. For example, some boys may feel like they do not
look muscular enough. Do not worry too much because you might just be a
late bloomers. So, if you are feeling shy about the physical changes that
are happening to you, tell yourself that you are not alone. Thus, going
through massive changes is a natural process.
3 In conclusion, do not spend hours looking critically at your reflection in
the mirror. Manage your time well by doing regular exercise and eat a
balanced diet to keep yourself fit. These simple tips may help you build
your self-esteem. Thank you for lending me your ears and I hope I have
to some extent, put your mind at ease.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXERCISE
A. Choose the correct answer according to the text above.
1. What is self- esteem?

A. A state of confusion with the self
B. A condition where body changes
C. A period where a teenager becomes confused
D. A feeling of happiness with yourself and character
2. Why should not teenagers compare themselves with others?

A. The teenagers are very sensitive about their looks.
B. The difference in look will make them more confident.
C. The changes that the teenagers go through are different.
D. The teenagers will not be able to understand the changes.
3. The word ‘awkward’ can best be replaced with _______________ .

A. unsure
B. unnatural
C. uncertain
D. uncomfortable
4. What does the expression late bloomer mean?

A. A teenager who develops later than others
B. A teenager who is born later than others
C. A teenager who is more sensitive than others
D. A teenager who is better developed than others

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
5. Which of the following causes the teenagers to feel awkward?

A. The feeling
B. The new friends
C. The changing body
D. The new environment
6. What causes the teenagers to change physically?

A. Food
B. Feeling
C. Exercise
D. Hormones
7. To build up self-esteem, teenagers should do the following except

________________ .
A. exercise regularly
B. eat a balanced diet
C. compare with others
D. drink plenty of water
EXTRA TIP !
 There will be times during reading we will pass by certain expressions or

phrases that seems not related to the sentence. These expressions could be
idiom or proverb. They are phrases that contain ‘double-meaning’ words.
 Example: late bloomers, lending me your ears, put your mind at
ease
 By checking the meaning of each word using printed or e-dictionary, you
may come across the meaning of the expression too.
 Using these types of expression will add more value to your language skills.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Let us try the exercises below:

A. Read the conversation below and choose the best meaning for the phrases
underlined. The meaning should be suitable with the sentence.
Sue : Aina, I think I feel so tired lately.

Aina : Well, let me put your mind at ease (1). I jog with a few of our
classmates every weekend and I feel so fresh every day. Why don’t
you join us?
Sue : Jogging isn’t my cup of tea (2) but I suppose I really have to do it in
order to gain my energy back.
Aina : My uncle who is 60 years old goes jogging three times a week. It
makes him energetic always. On top of that, the doctor gives him
a clean bill of health (3).
1. put your mind at ease

A. make you feel better
B. assure you that you are right
C. tell you something interesting
D. stop worrying about something
2. my cup of tea
A. my idea
B. what i like
C. an interesting idea
D. a relaxing activity

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
3. a clean bill of health
A. a series of workout to stay slim

B. a bill given by a doctor after a check-up
C. a medical report that shows one is in good health
D. a bill given by a doctor after one is discharged.
B. Sentences in column A contain expressions and sentences in column B are

sentences that explain the meaning of the expression. Match A and B.
A B
1. I put my foot in my   You started a lot of

mouth just now. trouble.
2. Ahmad, quit beating   Say what you mean.

around the bush.
3. You just opened a   The gift is useless.
can of worms.
4. The gift is a white   I said something I
elephant. shouldn’t have.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
GRAMMAR SECTION : COMPOUND SENTENCE
A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses in it. These clauses
are joined using the conjunction words such as ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘but’, ‘so’ and
‘because’. A comma (,) need to be placed BEFORE the conjunction word.
1. ‘and’
 To join similar ideas Hassan ate lunch, and
Hassan ate lunch after he sat for a test. he slept after he sat for
Hassan slept after he sat for a test. a test.
2. ‘or’
 To show choices Do you read, or do
Do you read in your free time? you watch movies in
Do you watch movies in your free time? your free time?
3. ‘but’
 To show contrast idea He wants to buy fried

He wants to buy fried rice. rice, but he forgets
He forgets to bring his money. to bring his money.
4. 'so’
 To show result
I miss the bus. I miss the bus, so I
I had to walk home. had to walk home.
5. ’because’
 To show cause or reason Eric looks worried,
Eric looks worried. because he cannot
Eric cannot finish his assignment. finish his assignment

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXERCISE
A. Combine the pair of sentences using conjunction words in this module. Use
pronoun to replace repeated noun.
1. Fatini owns a car. The car is not working.

____________________________________________________________
2. The students go to the town. The students want to repair their laptop.
___________________________________________________________
3. She walked to the window. She closed the window.

___________________________________________________________
4. My grandmother always walks slowly. She hurts her legs.

___________________________________________________________
5. The house looks scary. I never use the road in front of the house.
___________________________________________________________
6. The watering-can is empty. The bowl is empty.

___________________________________________________________
7. You must water the plants. The plants will die.

___________________________________________________________
8. The farmer is poor. The farmer is a generous person.

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
9. We called out loudly. Nobody answered.

__________________________________________________________
10. The students were lazy during the last semester. They failed the
examination.
__________________________________________________________
B. The sentences below are not complete. Continue the sentences using the
given conjunction.
1. He came late to class, so _____________________________________
2. The well is dry, because ______________________________________
3. Walk quickly, or _____________________________________________
4. My bicycle was punctured, so __________________________________
5. Tell me the truth, and ________________________________________
6. It rains heavily everyday, but __________________________________
7. You could have a ride with me to the class, or
_________________________________________________________
8. Today is my first day in the university, but
_________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
WRITING SECTION
BODY OF AN ESSAY
 Body of an essay is the paragraph after the introduction paragraph and

before the conclusion paragraph.
 It is the main point paragraph
 The body may contain one paragraph only or more than one.
Parts of body paragraph
Topic sentence
 A sentence that introduce the
main point.
Supporting details
 Elaboration on the main points.
 To support your topic sentence
Concluding sentence
 An ending sentence for each
paragraph or main points’
elaboration
1. Topic sentence
 It is an introductory sentence of the body paragraph
 It introduces the main idea of the essay that needs to be elaborated
 If you have more than one main points, then you need separated topic
sentences for each main point.
 Arrange the sequence of your main points according to your thesis
statement.
 Start your topic sentence with sequence linking words:
 First, second, third, first and foremost, last but not least (see unit 2)

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
2. Supporting details
 Elaborations on your topic sentence
 To justify your topic sentence or to give more explanation of the main idea
 Use WH-questions for better writing; who, how, when, where and etc.
 Give examples for more vivid illustration
 Compliment your supporting sentences with logical linking words; however,
for example, in addition. (see unit 2)
3. Concluding sentence
 An ending sentence for the body paragraph OR for each main points
elaboration
 Repeat the topic sentence by using synonym or end your elaborations with a
conclusion (but not the conclusion for the whole essay).
 Example of linking words for concluding sentence are:
 thus, therefore, hence √
 Do not use ‘in conclusion’, ‘to summarise’ X

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Example:
Basically, there are two types of dust

Thesis
Arrangement
statement that are well known which are outdoor
of topic
dust (1) and house dust (2). sentence
Topic Firstly, there is dust that is identify

sentence 1
as outdoor dust. It contains just about
anything that can be broken into small bits
and moved around by air currents. Some
common thing in this dust are particles
Supporting such as bits of sand and dirt, pollen
details
grains from flowers and spores made by
molds. Although the dust is not
beneficial for human being, many animals
such as the elephant use this dust for
bathing which possibly to remove
parasites. Second type of dust is known Topic
sentence 2
Make sure as the house dust. The exact contents in
your the house dust may vary from house to
elaboration Supporting
stays focus house. It typically contains bits of dry skin, details
on the topic
which are always falling off people and
sentence
pets. Besides that, dust usually also has
tiny fibers of human hair, pet hair, and lint
from rugs and clothes. Therefore, dust Concluding
will always be everywhere around us in sentence
the house.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXERCISE
A. Study the following sentences and state whether they are topic sentence
(TS), supporting details (SD) or concluding sentence (CS).
1. Visitors can also have a picnic by the waterfalls. ( )

2. Therefore, FRIM is a must-see place for those who love being ( )
outdoors.
3. One of the interesting features in the park is the canopy ( )
walkway.
4. It was founded in the year 1929 and is one of the leading ( )
institutions in tropical forestry research.
5. FRIM or Forest Research Institute of Malaysia is an interesting ( )
places to be visited.
6. Besides these activities, there are a few nature trails that ( )
visitors can explore.
B. Study the following phrases and state whether they are used in topic
sentence (TS), supporting detail (SD) or concluding sentence (CS).
1. One reason for this is ……. ( )
2. This essay will look at the advantages of home schooling which ( )

are …..
3. Hence, children who are home-schooled can …. ( )
4. Therefore, it can be said that …. ( )
5. One of the disadvantages of home schooling is …… ( )
6. Thus, home schooling can really help.. ( )

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
7. Next, it is also important to….. ( )
8. Home schooling is defined as …. ( )
9. For example, parents do not have to… ( )
C. Below are thesis statements of an essay. Construct the body of the essay
with a topic sentence, 3 supporting details and a concluding sentence.
1. Part-time work is beneficial for university students as it can improve their

communication skill and avoid them from wasting time.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. As I wake up the next day after registration, I started my first

unforgettable day as a university student.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
SPEAKING SECTION
Try out the conversation below with your friends. Do not forget to talk to each
other with suitable intonation.
Situation: Lost The Way
Character: 1. Muthu (a tourist) 2. Umar
Muthu : Excuse me, could I ask you a question?

Umar : Yes, what is it?
Muthu : I have lost my way. Could you please tell me where Penang road is?
Umar : Oh, Penang road? This is Patani road. Penang road is that way. You
should follow this road until you reach the traffic lights. Then
from there turn right. About a quarter of a mile, there is a
round-about and you will find Penang road.
Muthu : I can’t quite understand. Could you please draw the plan?
Umar : Yes, follow this road towards the north until you reach a cross
road with traffic lights. Then turn right into Dato Keramat road. Go
on straight until you see the round-about and take the exit at 3
o’clock. It’s the Penang road.
Muthu : Now I understand. By the way, where is the petrol station? The
petrol in my car tank is almost finished. I have been going round
and round here for nearly an hour.
Umar : The petrol station is not far from here. It is in Jamek road. Just
follow this road and you can see a petrol station on the left side.
Muthu : Thank you very much for your help. I’m lucky to have met you.
Umar : You are welcome. Drive carefully.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXERCISE
A. Can you guess what are the pictures below referred to?
 Round-about  Traffic lights

 T-juction  Petrol station
 Road signbord  Cross road
1. __________________ 2. _________________ 3. _____________
4. __________________ 5. ________________ 6.________________
B. Draw the map of your town in the future and explain to your friends about the
town. Use the direction’s expression below in your explanation.
in front of walked along next to
turn left on your right side on the left
make a u-turn take an the exit pass by

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
MY JOURNAL
Town of ___________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
UNIT 5
READING SECTION
Read the passage below and answer the following questions.
1 Where some people see trash, others see art. And, in some art, some
people will only see a pile of meaningless trash. So, what’s the difference?
Maybe it’s just in the eye of the beholder or artist. Maybe it’s simply a matter
of opening our minds to new and unique ways of doing and seeing things. If
we just looked at the world around us, we could see the potential in many of
the items we carelessly discard each and every day.
2 German artist HA Schult is an example of a contemporary artist who

makes use of trash on a grand scale. “We are living in the time of garbage,”
says Schult. “I created a thousand sculptures of garbage. They are a mirror
of ourselves.” Here, Schult is referring to his 1,000 trash people, human-like
figures or humanoids he has created from trash. He first exhibited them in
1996 in the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The figures
triggered such a greatly positive response that he decided to take them on
tour. “It is a social sculpture,” he explains. “It is not only a sculpture for the
eyes. It’s a sculpture to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.”
So far, Schult’s social sculpture has been displayed in Paris, in Moscow’s Red
Square, on the Great Wall of China, and in the desert next to the Giza
pyramids near Cairo.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
3 HA Schult’s work is unforgettable. Somehow its impact stays engraved

in your mind. Yet, despite the influence his work has had on the art world,
Schult remains humble about his art works. “Artists have to learn every time;
that is their profession. We are not important. All that is important is the
time we are living.”
4 In Malaysia, the ‘From Trash To Cash’ campaign recently held at the

Godown Amphitheatre at the Kuching Waterfront proved that with a little
creativity, discarded rubbish can be repurposed into items which are not
only useful and pleasing to the eye but also an alternate source of income.
Under the skilled hands of husband-wife team Abdul Nazri Abdullah and
Adriana Abdullah, empty glass and plastic bottles are transformed into
attractive light fixtures and vases. Old car tyres are given new life as tables
and chairs, while old tin cans and aluminium soft drink cans are creatively
fashioned into children’s piggy banks and vibrant sunflowers to generate
lucrative return.
5 Trash art has been around for years, and it seems to make a comeback
from time to time. But it seems that only the more eccentric or popular
artists are viewed as true artists when working with items normally
discarded in the trash pile. Why can’t average people be considered artists
when they pull the same items out and mould them into some form of
personal art of their own creating? Maybe it’s because we all have our own
pre-set ideas of what art is and isn’t, or who artists are or should be.
6 Take metal cans, for instance, and imagine them in any number of uses,
functional or purely as an art form. Can your eyes and mind see the
potential metal case, kitchen container, or other object in the simple thrown
away items? What about boxes or clothing? What might be done with these?
Boxes can usually serve as new storage containers, and almost always serve

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
as very imaginative forts for the kids, not to mention temporary shelters for
pets. And clothing? Imagine taking old clothes and turning them into vests,
hats, hanging organisers, or mats. The only limit to using these items in
other ways is one’s individual creativity and daringness to try.
A. Question 1-7:
Every paragraph in the reading has one main idea. Select the main idea of
each paragraph using the letters A to F from the box below.
A. if you are creative, you can find different uses for things you normally
discard.
B. some people see art where others see trash.
C. HA Schult, who is well known for the art he has created from trash.
D. we should open our minds to new ideas about arts and artists.
E. trash can be changed into art, and anyone can be a trash artist.
F. Schult does not think his art is as important as others may say it is.
G. rubbish can be turned to pleasing useful items and be an alternate
source of income
1. The main idea of Paragraph 1 is _____________
2. In Paragraph 2, the main idea is to tell about ______________
4. Paragraph 4’s main idea is _____________
5. From Paragraph 5, it can be said that ___________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
7. Which is the statement that best expresses the main idea of the whole
article?
________________________________________________________
B. Answer the questions below by referring to the passage for question 8-10.
8. HA Schult is a renowned contemporary artist who makes use of trash

on a grand scale. Where is he from?
_________________________________________________________
9. From the article, why does Schult claim that his trash humanoids are a
social sculpture?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
10. Schult’s humanoids triggered such a positive response that he decided

to take them on tour. Including Germany, state how many countries he
displayed his social sculpture in.
_________________________________________________________
C) For questions 11 to 16, please answer T (true) or F (false).
Question T/F
11. HA Schult is a contemporary artist
12. The humanoid figures were first exhibited in1994
13. HA Schult’s work is easy to forget
14. In Malaysia, old car tyres have been turned into

furniture

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
15. Trash art is quite a new idea
16. Boxes could be used as shelters for pets
GRAMMAR: SIMPLE PAST TENSE
This section will discuss about simple past tense:
 its form
 its use
Before you continue the lesson read the following passage and try to see how
the verbs are formed.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer. He lived

from 1756 to 1791. He started composing at the age of five years old and
wrote more than 600 pieces of music. He was only 35 years old when he died.
The verbs "was, lived, started, wrote, died" are in the simple past tense.
Notice that:
• lived, started, died are regular past forms.
• was, wrote are irregular past forms.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
1. Regular verbs:
 The verbs "lived, started, died" are regular past forms. The rule is the
following:
Verb + ed
Examples:
The infinitive The simple past
live lived
start started
die died
visit visited
play played
watch watched
2. Irregular verbs:
 The verbs "was, wrote" are irregular past forms. "Was" is the simple past
of “be” verb and "wrote" is the simple past of "write".
 There is no rule for these verbs. You should learn them by heart.
The infinitive The simple past

be was/were
write wrote
come came
do did
meet met
speak spoke
As you can see we cannot predict the simple past forms of these verbs. They are
irregular. You should learn them by practicing a lot of reading activities.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
3. The forms of the simple past:
 The affirmative form of the simple past:
I, you, he, she, it, we, they played.
wrote
did.
Examples: I played tennis with my friends yesterday.

I finished lunch and I did my homework.
 The interrogative form of the simple past:
Did i, you, he, she, it, we, they play?

write?
do?
Examples: Did you play basketball yesterday?

Did you watch television?
Did you do the homework?
 The negative form of the simple past:
I, you, he, she, it, we, they did not/didn't play
write
do
Examples: I didn't like the food in the wedding last Saturday.

I didn't eat it.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
4. The use of the simple past
The simple past is used principally to describe events in the past, but it also
has some other uses. Here are the main uses of the simple past.
a. Finished events in the past
 William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
 Christoph Columbus discovered America in 1492.
 He kissed her and left.
b. Past habitual action
 I visited them every day for a year.
 I drove to work every day when I worked with that company.
c. Events that were true for some time in the past
 He lived in Paris for 20 years.
 They talked on the phone for ten minutes.
Remember:
didn't is the short form of did not. You can say either:
 I did not play basketball, or
 I didn't play basketball
EXERCISE
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
1. Last year I (go) __________ to England on holiday.
2. It (be) __________ fantastic.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
3. I (visit) __________ lots of interesting places. I (be) __________ with
two friends of mine.
4. In the mornings we (walk) __________ in the streets of London.
5. In the evenings we (go) __________ to food court.
6. The weather (be) ___________ strangely fine.
7. It (not / rain) __________ a lot. But we (see) __________ some
beautiful rainbows.
8. Where (spend / you) __________ your last holiday?
9. I (be) __________ there yesterday before they (arrive) __________
home.
10. Ali and his friends (think) __________ their football coach (teach)
__________ them to play cheat during the game.
B. Put the sentences into simple past.

1. We move to a new house.
_______________________________________________________
2. They bring a sandwich.

______________________________________________________
3. He doesn't do the homework.

_______________________________________________________
4. They sell cars.

_______________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
C. Write sentences in simple past by using the words given.
1. Janet / miss / the bus.
_______________________________________________________
2. She / tidy / her room.
_______________________________________________________
3. Nancy / watch / not / television.
_______________________________________________________
4. She / read / a book.
_______________________________________________________
WRITING SECTION
There are few possible steps to improve our sentence structure.
1. Ensure the information within the sentence is clear.
2. Make sure to use link words.
 and, as well as, however, while, but
 after, although, because, than, once, until
3. Use active voice.
4. Follow correct grammar rules.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXERCISE
Identify two related points and combine both points in a sentence.
1. ________________________ (Point 1)
________________________ (Point 2)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. ________________________ (Point 1)
_________________________(Point2)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. ________________________ (Point 1)
________________________(Point 2)
_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. ________________________ (Point 1)
________________________ (Point 2)

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
5. ________________________ (Point 1)
________________________(Point 2)
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
SPEAKING SECTION
Tips on writing dialogue

1. DO AWAY WITH PLEASANTRIES
Cutting greetings and other small talk is a great place to start paring
down your dialogue. If you omit all the hellos and goodbyes, you get
your characters in the scene faster and allow them to start telling your
story through language and action.
2. KEEP IT SHORT
Try to keep each instance of dialogue to one sentence. When you get to
the second sentence, it’s likely your character has become an
“explainer,” delivering expository information instead of acting as a
dynamic, believable character.
3. SLOW DOWN
Having only one contribution to a conversation shouldn’t mean a
character only speaks once. Take the time to establish each character in

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
the conversation, and allow them to do more than just advance the plot.
A discussion between two characters can do a lot for tone and character
development, too.
4. STICK TO SIMPLE SPEECH TAGS

At some point in your writer youth, you were no doubt told to be
descriptive. When it comes to speech tags, we all spend a while playing
with “David joked” and “Mary asked uncertainly.”
EXERCISE
1. Please form a group of three and select a topic related to recycle
and safe environment.
2. You have to present your dialogue in the class.
3. You will be given four minutes to present your dialogue.
4. Present your dialogue write up to your instructor.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
MY JOURNAL
Green Environment for Better Future
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
UNIT 6
The Goals of Reading
 Most of us read in everyday life for different purposes – you are reading
this page now, for a purpose.
 We read to gain factual information for practical use, for example, a train
timetable or a cinema listing. For such documents we rarely need to
analyse or interpret.
 We may also read fiction in order to be entertained; depending upon the

reader, a level of interpretation may be applied.
 Many of us read newspapers and magazines, either in print or online, to

inform us about current events. In some cases, the bias of the writer is
explicit and this leads us to interpret what is said in light of this bias.
 When reading academic material such as textbooks, journals and so on,

you should be always reading to interpret and analyse. Nothing should be
taken as fact or ‘truth’. You will be engaged in, what is termed as, critical
reading.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
READING SECTION
Read and answer all questions that follow.

The Shape of Buildings to Come
1 It has a nickname: a dumb one – the Gherkin. If it resembles anything,

it is one of the great dirigibles of the 1930s or early space rocket. Tethered
firmly to the ground, this sleek and sensational machine for making money,
this towering innuendo commissioned and owned by Swiss Re. It is certainly
a striking design. Is it more than yet another filing cabinet in the sky?
2 Client and architect have made great claims for the building’s
environmental efficiency. One of the less measurable ways in which the
tower could be considered environmentally friendly is the manner in which,
close up, it appears to be much smaller, or at least, much lower, than it is. In
fact, it appears no higher than commercial buildings, an illusion created by
the fact that the top of the building is invisible from the square below.
3 Not only does the building’s circular form make it appear much less
bulky than it is, it channels considerably less wind at street level than many
right-angled towers. This has been proven in wind-tunnel tests on a model
of the building. The circular form also offers a generous public plaza at the
base, while an arcade around the tower promises a number of up-coming
shops.
4 The real environmental achievement here, however, is the internal
design. What you see from the plaza and in fact from all corners of London,
is a great sheath of steel, aluminium and glass. This is the building’s skin.
Just behind this is the great steel structure of the building, hidden on dull
days, clearly visible when the sun shines. This structure, devised by the
engineers, Arup, is a diagonal cage where intriguingly the structure

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
compresses during the day as the building loads up with people and
stretches in the evening as it empties.
5 The main advantage is that their corkscrew shape creates different air
pressures, ensuring that fresh air is sucked up through the building as well
as through the office floors. In addition, the windows on the skin of the
building can be opened in mild weather to allow air to flow in and out. Roller
blinds set between the steel skeleton and glass skin control glare and reduce
heat. Heating, lighting and air-conditioning bills will be low compared with
most towers and with daylight reaching desks at the core of the building,
workers should feel well off.
Questions 1 – 5
A. Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the reading
passage?
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

GIVEN
1. The tower is sympathetic to the buildings around it.

(YES / NO / NOT GIVEN)
2. The tower provides a light and airy space for employees to work.
3. Running costs are relatively expensive.


ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
4. The top of the tower provides spectacular views for the public.
5. The exterior glass shell lacks detail.

Question 6 – 8
B. Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage.
The building looks less a gherkin, and more like a 6) _______________
____________________________.
The temperature and light levels can be regulated by closing or opening the
7) ______________________________ and 8) ____________________
______________ to reduce heat.
GRAMMAR: SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
The simple future refers to a time later than now, and expresses facts or
certainty.
A. Future tense by using will.

The formula : will + [base form of verb].
The simple future is used:

1. To predict a future event:
E.g. It will rain tomorrow.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
2. With I or We, to express a spontaneous decision:

E.g. I will pay for the tickets by credit card.
3. To express willingness:
E.g. I will do the washing-up.
He will carry your bag for you.
4. In the negative form, to express unwillingness:

E.g. The baby won't eat his soup.
I won't leave until I've seen the manager!
5. With you, to give orders:

E.g. You will do exactly as I say.
B. Future tense by using ‘be going to’.

There is another way to show that something will happen in the future.
Formula: [am/is/are] + going to + [base form verb].
When you should use it: -

 When we have already decided or we INTEND to do something in
the future. (Prior Plan)
 When there are definite signs that something is going to happen.
(Evidence)
 When something is about to happen.
Reminder! Verb ‘was’ and ‘were’ are not used as this is for future action

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXAMPLE:
Subject positive negative question
I I am going to speak. I am not going to speak. Am I going to

speak?
you / we You are going to You are not going to Are you going to
/ they speak. speak. speak?
he / she / He is going to speak. He is not going to Is he going to

it speak. speak?
Examples: -
 I am going to learn a new language.
 Jen is going to read that book.
 My brothers are going to sleep till noon if no one wakes

them up.
 You are going to see what I mean.
EXERCISE
A. Identify which one should be simple present tense or simple future tense.
1. Today after I (get) ________ out of class, I (go) ________ to

a movie with some friends.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
2. When you (arrive) ________ in Stockholm, call my friend

Gustav. He (show) ________ you around the city and help you
get situated.
3. A: Do you know what you want to do after you (graduate)
________ ?
B: After I (receive) ________ my Master's from Georgetown

University, I (go) ________ to graduate school at UCSD in San
Diego. I (plan) ________ to complete a Ph.D. in cognitive
science.
4. If it (snow) ________this weekend, we (go) ________skiing

near Lake Tahoe.
5. Your father (plan) ________to pick you up after school today at

3:00 o'clock. He (meet) ________you across the street near the
ice cream shop. If something happens and he cannot be there, I
(pick) ________you up instead.
6. If the people of the world (stop, not) ________ cutting down

huge stretches of rain forest, we (experience) ________
huge changes in the environment during the twenty-first century.
7. If Vera (keep) ________ drinking, she (lose, eventually)

________ her job.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
8. I promise you that I (tell, not) ________ your secret to anybody.

Even if somebody (ask) ________ me about what happened that
day, I (reveal, not) ________ the truth to a single person.
9. She (make) ________ some major changes in her life. She (quit)
________ her job and go back to school. After she (finish)
________ studying, she (get) ________ a better-paying job
and buy a house. She is going to improve her life!
10. Tom (call) ________ when he (arrive) ________ in Madrid.

He (stay) ________ with you for two or three days until his new
apartment (be) ________ available.
B. Construct five sentences by using be verb [am/is/are] + going to + root

form verb. You subject I, You, We, They, He, She or It.
Example: He is going to play football tonight.
1. ______________________________________________________.
2. ______________________________________________________.
3. ______________________________________________________.
4. ______________________________________________________.
5. ______________________________________________________.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
WRITING SECTION
What is Topic Sentences?
 A well-organized paragraph supports or develops a single controlling idea,
which is expressed in a sentence called the topic sentence.
 A topic sentence has several important functions: it substantiates or
supports an essay’s thesis statement.
 It unifies the content of a paragraph and directs the order of the
sentences; and it advises the reader of the subject to be discussed and
how the paragraph will discuss it.
 Readers generally look to the first few sentences in a paragraph to
determine the subject and perspective of the paragraph.
 That’s why it is best to put the topic sentence at the very beginning of the
paragraph.
Note: Topic Sentence is a combination between the topic of the essay
with the main idea.
Example 1:
Topic: Problems faced by the students
Main idea: Time management
Topic sentence: One of the problems faced by the student is time
management.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Example 2:
Topic: The disadvantage of social networking addiction
Main idea: Anti-Social
Topic Sentence: Anti-social is one of the disadvantages of social
networking addiction.
EXERCISE
A. Decide whether the sentences are too general (TG), incomplete (IC)
or topic sentence (TS).
1) ______ Superstitions have been around forever.
______ Made of green cheese.
______ Some people believe that a lunar eclipse is an omen.
2) ______ The history of astronomy is interesting.
______ Ice age people recorded the appearance of new

moons on animal bones.
______ For example, Stonehenge in Britain was built to track

sun movement.
3) ______ Hybrid automobiles are more economical to operate

than gasoline-powered cars.
______ The new hybrid automobiles are very popular.
______ Hybrid automobiles are popular due to their fuel

economy.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
B. Based on the topic and main idea listed below, write a good Topic Sentence.
1. Topic: Benefit of having smart phone
Main idea: Information is at the finger tips
_____________________________________________________.
2. Topic: Health is wealth

Main idea: Good eating habit
_____________________________________________________.
3. Topic: Business challenge

Main idea: Perfectionist customer
_____________________________________________________.
4. Topic: The world is getting old

Main idea: Global warming
_____________________________________________________.
5. Topic: Successful student

Main idea: Attitude
_____________________________________________________.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
SPEAKING SECTION
4 Key Steps to do good presentation
1- Presentation Analysis – Know your subject
Identify the purpose of your presentation. Identify what your

subject or topic should/will be. Make sure you can show how your
topic relates to the audience.
2- Audience Analysis – Know your audience
Consider the audience demographics (age, gender, culture, etc.)
Use appropriate examples that can be understood by your

audience. Use the appropriate vocabulary, but watch using jargon.
Make sure you can properly pronounce every word in your speech.
3- Group Analysis – Know your individual and group strengths and

weaknesses
Confident Presenters do well with introductions and conclusions.

Detail oriented people can handle the discussion points. Fast
thinkers are good at handling questions.
4- Practice, Practice, Practice – aim for group cohesiveness
EXERCISE
1. Form a group of five and discuss on your town/village for the next
30 years.
2. You have to come out with a drawing on how your future

town/village should look like in the future. Focus on the

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
arrangement of the town/village, the concept/design of your

town/village and the facilities available at your future town/village.
3. Present your ideas by telling your friends why you choose to have
this kind of town/village for your future.
4. Your presentation should not exceed 10 minutes. (Use ‘mahjong’

paper for your presentation purpose)
MY JOURNAL
My Hometown for the Next 20 Years
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
UNIT 7
READING TIPS
Steps to Take Before You Start Reading
Whether you’re reading something easy, difficult or just right, here are some
steps you can take (before you even start reading!) to make your reading easier.
 Choose a time of day when you’re the most alert (awake). Are you a
morning person or a night person? Do you feel like your brain works the
best at a specific time of day? Try to read at that time.
 Determine your reading goal. Why are you reading the text? How you
read a text will be different depending on what you want to get from the
reading.
 Skim and scan. Scanning a text means looking for a specific part or for
the answer to a specific question. Skimming a text means letting your
eyes look over the text quickly without really reading every word.
 Make sure you’re comfortable and have plenty of light. Poor lighting can
make you strain your eyes, and being uncomfortable is distracting.
 Eliminate distractions. Find a place where you can have some peace and
quiet when you read, to help you concentrate. Turn off the television, put
your phone on silent, and go to a quiet room alone.
 Use a pen or finger to guide your reading. If you’re still having trouble
focusing, slide your pen or finger under the words as you read them. This
will help keep your eyes from moving all over the page.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
READING SECTION
Read the passage below carefully and answer all questions.

Studying technology
1 A few years ago, a query about the health of a person's hard disk drive
would have been met with a blank stare. Nowadays, almost everyone is
aware of this remarkable electronic storage medium that is part of every
modern computer, even though most users remain ignorant of the
complexity of hard drive technology.
2 In the early days of computing, an information record of a computer's

memory content was kept on punched cards similar to the way in which an
automated piano stores the keynote sequences on a piano roll. Later,
magnetic tape was used to store electronic signals, and is still the favoured
means of economically backing up the contents of hard drives. However,
accessing information sequentially stored on tape is slow since the electronic
data must be input through a fixed head in a single pass.
3 Hard disk drives solve this problem by incorporating a spinning platter

on which magnetic data can be made accessible via a moving head that
reads and writes information across the width of the disk. It is analogous to
the way in which a person can choose to play a particular track on a CD
player by causing the arm to move the head across the disk. The CD player
is, in fact, necessarily similar in design to a hard drive, although there are
significant differences in speed of data access.
4 Most modern hard drives incorporate several platters to further reduce

the time spent seeking the required information. Also, some newer drives
have two heads; one for reading, and a second head for writing data to disk.
This separation of tasks enables much higher densities of magnetic

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
information to be written on the platter, which increases the capacity of the

hard drive.
5 There are three important ways in which the capacity of hard disks has
been increased. First, the data code itself has been tightened with express
coding techniques. Second, as previously noted, the head technology has
been improved; and third, the distance between the heads and the platters
has been greatly reduced. It is hard to believe, but the head can be made to
pass over the magnetised platter at distances of less than 1 micro inch (the
width of a typical human hair is 5000 micro inches). This is achieved by
means of a special protective coating applied to the platter. Each of these
three improvements enables speedier access to the data.
6 Hard drives are more commonplace than tape recorders these days, but
it must be remembered that they are much more fragile. Treated with
respect they may last a number of years, but they are quite easily damaged,
often with disastrous consequences for the user, whose precious data can
become lost forever. Dropping a drive is almost always fatal, as is passing an
incorrect electrical current through one (by faulty connection). Dust and
even extremes of temperature can cause failure. Yet, no physical damage
can ever result from the input of data via the keyboard or mouse. Of course,
over time the magnetised coating on the platters will erode, yet this is
almost entirely independent of the amount of use.
7 There are serious questions being raised about the direction of the
future of electronic storage media. Some researchers claim that it would be
wiser to invest more time and money in setting up systems for streaming
data across networks of computers from centralised banks of information
storage. This would avoid the need for each personal computer user to have
his or her own copy of a software program resident on a local hard drive.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Personal data files could be kept at a central storage unit, and be suitably
protected from disaster by a safe backup system.
8 As the Internet becomes ever more pervasive, and the speed of access
to other machines increases across our telephone lines, it might be possible
to do away with local storage systems altogether.
Glossary:
backing up -- duplicating
sequential(ly) -- in sequence (or one after the other)
platter -- circular disk or plate
streaming data -- sending or broadcasting information as data
Questions 1 - 5
A. By referring to the passage, "Hard Disk Drive Technology", decide which
of the answers best completes the following sentences.
Example: Nowadays, hard disk drive technology is ________________.
A. less complex
B. part of every modern computer
C. expensive
D. not difficult to understand
1. Magnetically-coated disks are one of many types of ________________.
A. sequential access information systems
B. information storage solutions
C. tape storage solutions
D. CD players

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
2. Connecting a hard drive incorrectly usually ________________.
A. results in excess temperature
B. erodes the magnetised material on the platters
C. damages the keyboard or mouse
D. destroys the drive
3. Keyboard or mouse use can easily cause ________________.
A. incorrect electrical currents
B. the magnetised coating on the platter to wear out
C. physical damage to the hard disk drive
D. none of the above
4. In the future, a computer user might be able to access personal data

files from ________________.
A. a central storage unit
B. a local hard drive
C. a software program
D. the local bank
5. Centralised banks of storage information could ________________.
A. offer better protection of a user's data files
B. stream data across telephone lines
C. mean the end of local storage systems
D. all of the above

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Questions 6-9
B. The following text is a summary of Reading Passage 1. Complete each gap
in the text by choosing the best phrase from the box below the summary.
*Note that there are more phrases to choose from than are required to.
Hard disk drives are exceedingly complex and fragile pieces of equipment, but
only(Ex:) F . The cheapest way to store computer information is (6)________.
However, it is slow to read back stored information in this way (7)________. On
the other hand, consists of one or more spinning platters coated with magnetised
material holding data made accessible by two moving heads. Modern advances in
disk technology have increased the(8)________ of hard disks. This has been
accomplished (9)________.
A. storage capacity
B. on magnetic tape
C. most computer users know that a hard disk drive is complex
D. a CD player is faster than a disk drive
E. A hard disk drive
F. few computer users are aware of this
G. in three ways
H. cost
I. increasing the size of the platters used
J. size of the heads

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Reading tips !
Compound word in a reading text.
A compound word is formed when two words are combined to make a new word.
Example: sometimes (some + time)

Inside (in + side)
Upstream (up + stream)
Basketball (basket+ ball)
Anybody (any + body)
Read the passage again. List down compound words that you can find from the
passage.
Can you give your own examples of compound word?

1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
4. ___________________________
5. ___________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
WRITING SECTION
CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH
 When you’re writing a good conclusion paragraph, you need to think

about the main point that you want to get across and be sure it’s
included.
 If you’ve already written a fabulous introductory paragraph, you can

write something similar with different wording.
 Use your introductory paragraph as a guide.
 If it’s a longer paper, a good place to start is by looking at what

each paragraph was about.
 Leave your readers with something to think about.
The concluding sentence / paragraph often begins with a transition word to

signal the reader. Here are some examples of transitions used with concluding
sentences:
 all in all
 in other words
 in any event
 in brief
 in short
 therefore

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Revision: Concluding Sentence
 The topic sentence and the body now completed, it remains only to
end the paragraph. This is accomplished through a "concluding
sentence," essential to the stand-alone paragraph.
 The purpose of this concluding sentence is two-fold: (1) to reiterate

the main point developed by the body sentences and (2) to signal the
reader that this is the end of the paragraph.
 The concluding sentence for a stand-alone paragraph should

accomplish one of the following:
 Restate the topic sentence of the paragraph
 Summarize by referring to the key points in the paragraph
 Draw a conclusion based on the information set forth in the

paragraph
 Offer a final observation about the controlling idea
 Make a prediction based on the details of the paragraph
EXERCISE
A. Below are some topic sentences. Write possible concluding sentence.

1. Topic sentence: Earth has become warmer due to human act.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
2. Topic sentence: Too obsess with technology has driven people not having
strong family bonds.
____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
REMINDER: When writing a concluding paragraph, you can write a

summary/giving general suggestions/predict/call for a general
action. DO NOT WRITE A NEW IDEA/POINT.
B. The introduction of the essay is given. Write a possible concluding

paragraph.
1. Introduction:
Online shopping seems to be all the rage at the moment. This form
of shopping has become so popular that it is giving shopping malls
a run for their money. One of the most established and well-known
online shopping websites is eBay. Shopping on eBay is popular
because there is a wide range of products to choose from, it is
convenient and there are a large number of sellers to do business
with.
Concluding paragraph:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
SPEAKING SECTION
In having a group discussion, there are few ways you can use to link the
arguments and provide the examples. The examples are as follow: -
1. Linking Arguments
First of all, I think …Not only that, but I also think that …Not only
are they …, they are also …They are not …, nor are they …There
are various/several/many reasons for this.First, … / Firstly,
…Second, … / Secondly, …After all, …The reason is that …Another
aspect/point is that …It is because …Although it is true that … it
would be wrong to claim that …That may sometimes be true, but
…One could argue that …, but …
2. Providing Examples
Take for example (the case of) …Look at …For instance … / For
example …Let me give you an example. Additions and
Conclusion Most probably …It appears to be …It is important to
mention that...As I already indicated …In other words, …I am most
concerned about …I should like to repeat once again that …I should
like to emphasise that …I would (just) like to add …So all in all I
believe that...
EXERCISE
Set a group discussion team to discuss about smart phones and argue its
positive and negative benefits towards education.
They should talk about:
- What are examples of smart phones?
- What are the special features?
- Why is it good or bad for students/educators?

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
MY JOURNAL
Kindness Act of the Day
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
UNIT 8
READING TIPS
Attitudes to Reading
 Often, when we begin to read books relating to a new topic, we find that the
language and style are difficult to follow.
 This can be off-putting and disheartening, but persevere; specialist subject

areas will contain their own specialist ‘language’ which you will need to
learn.
 Perseverance will mean that you become more familiar with the style of
writing and the vocabulary or jargon associated with the specific subject
area.
 More generally, academic writing tends to use a very cautious style or

language.
 The writer may seem to use elaborate, long sentences, but this is usually to
ensure that they are saying precisely what they mean.
 Tips and tricks: (1) Expose yourselves towards many types of reading
materials (2) Practice yourselves to be comfortable with finding vocabulary
skill.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
READING SECTION
Read the following passage and answer the questions.

1 The knowledge that reserves of oil, gas, and coal are finite has
forced governments and companies to commission scientists and
technologists to find alternative sources of energy from renewable
resources. There is also concern that burning fossil fuels releases CO2
into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
2 People have used wind and water power, the sun, and geothermal
energy for centuries. Wave and tidal power are being harnessed by
different inventions such as wave energy converters, which convert this
power into electricity. The benefit of using natural sources of power is
that they are free at source and constant, but converting them to useful
energy and transmitting that to centres of population can be expensive
and commercially unviable.
3 Wind turbines are designed to be efficient and look attractive. They

must present a smooth streamlined surface to the wind so the turbine
and controls are housed in a nacelle compartment. They operate most
efficiently when the rotors are facing the wind so they can be rotated to
face the wind direction. To minimize the forces on the blades and allow
the turbine to operate in winds of different strengths, the pitch, or angle
the blade presents to the wind, can be varied. Brakes are provided to
stop the rotor if required. There is some controversy surrounding where
to site wind turbines. As they have to be built high up on hills or
mountains some people feel they ruin the landscape. To avoid this
problem some wind farms are being built offshore, although
this often increases the distance the electricity has to travel and
increases maintenance costs.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
4 Micro generation is an important part of decentralizing energy

generation. This means that energy is generated at or near the point of
use and is not wasted by being transported to the end-user.
Decentralized energy can draw upon a variety of alternative energy
sources such as geothermal, solar, hydroelectric, and wind.
Cogeneration plants can be fired by renewable fuels like biogas and
biomass. These types of plants capture the heat produced from burning
fuels when generating electricity and use it to heat homes and offices.
Trigeneration plants additionally produce cold water for refrigeration
and air conditioning.
1. Why is it important to find alternative sources of energy from renewable

resources?
_________________________________________________________
2. What is one of the disadvantages of burning fossil fuels?
_________________________________________________________
3. Give a few examples of alternative energy.
_________________________________________________________
4. What are the two examples of water power?
_________________________________________________________
5. What is the advantage of using natural sources of power and its

disadvantage?
_________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
6. Where is the best place to site wind turbine?
_________________________________________________________
7. Why wind turbines are built offshore and not on hills or mountains?
_________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR : MODAL VERB
A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: ability,

possibility, permission or obligation.
Modal phrases (or semi-modals) are used to express the same things as modals,
but are a combination of auxiliary verbs and the preposition to. The modals and
semi-modals in English are:
 can/could
 May/might
 Shall/should
 Must/have to
 Will/would
1. Can / Could
Can and could are to are used to express a variety of ideas in English:
a. Ability/Lack of Ability
 can/can’t + base form of the verb
Examples: Tom can write poetry very well.

I can help you with that next week.
 could / couldn’t + base form of the verb

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Example: When I was a child I could climb trees.

I could fly via Amsterdam if I leave the day before.
b. Ask Permission / Give Permission
 Could + subject + base form of the verb (polite)
Examples: Could I have your number?

Could I talk to your supervisor please?
EXERCISE
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of can and could to as in the examples.
Examples: Ben could not help his little brother with his
homework yesterday.
Can I call you later tonight?
1. _______ Tony run long distances when he was a boy?
2. ______ you please call a tow truck for me? My car broke down.
3. The students _______ buy their textbooks today. The bookstore is all out of
them.
4. ______ you teach me how to fix my computer? You’re so good at it.
2. May / Might
a. Formal Permission / Formal Prohibition
 may / may not + base form of the verb
Example: You may start your exam now.

You may not wear sandals to work.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
b. Polite Request
 May + subject + base form of the verb
Example: May I help you?
c. Possibility / Negative Possibility
 may/ might + base form of the verb
Examples: We may go out dinner tonight. Do you want to join us?

Our company might get the order if the client agrees to
the price.
 may not / might not + base form of the verb
Examples: Adam and Sue may not buy that house. It’s very
expensive.
They might not buy a house at all.
d. To Make a Suggestion (when there is no better alternative)
 may as well / might as well + base form of the verb
Examples: You may as well come inside. John will be home soon.
We might as well take Friday off. There’s no work to be
done anyway.
e. Polite Suggestion
 might + base form of the verb
Example: You might like to try the salmon fillet. It’s our special
today.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
EXERCISE
Fill in the correct form of may or might as in the example.

Example: May I sit here?
1. They ______ finish the project on time. The main engineer is ill.
2. You _____ want to stop by the museum gift shop on your way out.
3. _____ I have your autograph?
4. He _______ visit the Louvre. He’s in Paris anyway.
5. You ______ park your car here. It’s reserved for guests of the hotel only.
3. Shall / Should
a. To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are quite sure of a

positive answer)
 Shall + subject + base form of the verb
Example: Shall we go for a walk?
b. To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are not sure of a

positive answer)
 Should + subject + base form of the verb
Example: Should I call a doctor?
c. A Prediction or Expectation that Something Will Happen
 should/should not + base form of the verb
Examples: The proposal should be finished on time.

I should not be late. The train usually arrives on time.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
d. To Give Advice
 should + base form of the verb
Examples: You should check that document before you send it out.
e. To Give Advice (about something you think wrong or unacceptable)
 Should not + base form of the verb
Example: James should not teach him words like those.
EXERCISE
Answer all the questions. Example is given below.
Example: He should not encourage such bad behaviour.
1. You _____ get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.
2. The house ______ be ready to move into by next month. It’s almost
finished.
3. Ron ________ to improve his attitude. If he doesn’t, he might get fired.
4. ________ I get your jacket? It’s cold in here.
5. You ________ put your feet on the table. It’s not polite.
4. Must / Have to
a. Necessity or Requirement
 must / have to + base form of the verb
Examples: You must have a passport to cross the border.
b. Almost 100% Certain
 must + base form of the verb

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
Example: Thomas has lived in Paris for years. His French must
be very good.
c. To Persuade
 must / have to + base form of the verb
Example: You must try this wine. It’s excellent.

You have to visit us while you’re in town.
EXERCISE
Fill in the blanks with one of these models: must / have to, as in the examples.
There may be more than one correct answer.
Example: They have to drive to the airport.
You must speak politely to the customers.
1. You ______ tell Anna about the party tomorrow night. It is not a
surprise!
2. Tina _______ register for her classes on Monday, otherwise she won’t
get a place in them.
3. You ________ send that fax. I’ve already sent it.
4. Students ______ get special training in order for the to be competence

graduates.
5. Jeremy _______ get up early tomorrow.
5. Will / Would
 will / won’t + base form of the verb
Examples: John will pick you up at 7:00am.

Beth won’t be happy with the results of the exam.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
a. Polite Request or Statement
 Will / Would + base form of the verb
Examples: Will you please take the trash out?

Would you mind if I sat here?
I’d (I would) like to sign up for your workshop.
b. Habitual Past Action
 Would/Wouldn’t + base form of the verb
Examples: When I was a child, I would spend hours playing with my

train set.
Peter wouldn’t eat broccoli when he was a kid. He loves it
now.
E EXERCISE
Answer all the questions. Example is given.
Example: Will you please help me lift this box?
1. I ______ like to order the onion soup please.
2. The manager _______ be pleased to hear that a customer slipped on the

wet floor.
3. _______ it be okay if I sleep here tonight?
4. When Igor lived in Russia, he ________ call his mother as often as he

does now.
5. I can assure you sir, the order ______ be shipped out tonight.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
WRITING SECTION
A thesis statement of an essay has been given. Provide 3 topic sentences which
are relevant to it, followed by the supporting details.
Thesis statement: People should not waste natural energy sources by becoming
a smart user, find possible alternative and contribute towards research and
development of conserving the energy.
Topic sentence 1:
________________________________________________________________
Supporting Details:
1. _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Topic sentence 2:
____________________________________________________________
Supporting Details:
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Topic sentence 3:
________________________________________________________________
Supporting Details:
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Thesis statement : In the 21st century, most of energy comes from renewable
sources so it can help in reducing the shortage of the energy, it can conserve
natural energy sources and it can reduce the pollution.
Topic sentence 1:
________________________________________________________________
Supporting Details:
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Topic sentence 2:
____________________________________________________________
Supporting Details:
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Topic sentence 3:
________________________________________________________________
Supporting Details:
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
SPEAKING SECTION
What is contraction?
 A contraction is a word or phrase that's (that has) been shortened by

dropping one or more letters.
 In writing, an apostrophe takes the place of the missing letters.

Contractions are commonly used in speech (or written dialogue),
informal forms of writing, and where space is at a premium, such as in
advertising.
 In very formal writing, such as academic papers, grant proposals, or

other works that need to appear professional, you may not want to use
contractions at all.
 Examples are as follow:-
aren't are not

can't cannot
couldn't could not
could've could have
didn't did not
doesn't does not
don't do not
e'er ever
hadn't had not
hasn't has not
haven't have not

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
he'd he had; he would

he'll he will; he shall
he's he is; he has
I'd I had; I would
I'll I will; I shall
I'm I am
I've I have
isn't is not
EXERCISE
1. Work in groups. Imagine that you have entered a competition to design a

robot.
2. Decide together
1. The actions the robot should be able to perform

2. How it will move from place to place
3. The power source it will use
4. The sensors it will need
5. Its approximate size and weight
3. Present your proposal to the class. Give reasons for your decisions. Use
the phrases from the earlier exercise.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
MY JOURNAL
What I want to change for a better future
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
REFERENCES
Carlson , M. (2018). Everyone loves yellow banana. Retrieved from

http://eslyes.com/eslread/ss/s125.htm.
Carlson , M. (2018). Surfer survives shark attack. Retrieved from

http://eslyes.com/eslread/ss/s100.htm.
Embong, A.M. (2016). English II workbook. FAL0024. Perak, Malaysia: University

Technology Petronas.
Lumpp, R. (n.d). Ways to become better reader. Life Hacks. Retrieved from
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-topic-sentences.html.
Milon, N. & Manoj, N. (2012). Million’s quick fix. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia:
Warisan Eurasia Books.
Park, l. (2012). Naplan style writing. Heartherton Victoria, Australia: Hinkler

Books Pty Ltd.
Richards.C. J. & Eckstut-Didier, S. (2012). Could you be a trash artist. Strategic

Reading 3. Retrieved from
https://books.google.com.my/books?isbn=0521281113.
Santley, E. (2013). Highlights. Vol. 2. Kuala lumpur, Malaysia: Ana Muslim Sdn.
Bhd.
Walker, P. (2016). Basic primary grammar. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Synergy

Media.
Woodwards English. (n.d). English Grammar. Retrieved from

http://www.grammar.cl/english/past-tense.htm.
Your Dictionary. (2018). Examples of topic sentences. Retrieved from

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-topic-sentences.html.
______. (2018). A burglary. Retrieved from

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/big-city-small-world/series-3-epid
e-1-burglary.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
NOTES
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ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
NOTES
___________________________________________
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ELEMENTARY ENGLISH
NOTES
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
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___________________________________________

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT & CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1. Reading & listening: Surfer survives shark attack 1

1. Reading: Could you be a trash artist? 62

1. Reading: The shape of building to come 76

1. Reading: Studying technology 89

1. Reading: Sources of energy 101

Try these guidelines to create a distraction-free and reading-friendly zone:

 Sit facing a window overlooking trees or blank space.

1 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

Surfer Survives Shark Attack

3 A helicopter arrived shortly afterward. Paramedics hopped out and

2 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

A. Answer the questions below.

1. When did the shark attack happen?

2. Why did the shark let go of the young man?

5. What is the antonym of the word below?

b. Paddled back : _________________________

c. Went under : _________________________

3 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

4 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

7. If you want to get somewhere in a canoe, you have to ___________.

14. A ___________ is also called a rotary-wing aircraft; planes are

15. Emergency medical technicians and ___________s do the same

1. Many people are standing at the ____________ as the waves are

2. The rescuers could hear victims ___________ing under the

3. The cheerleaders___________ed throughout the game.

5 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

11. In baseball, a batter gets three ___________s and he's out.

13. Thunder ___________

GRAMMAR SECTION : INDEFINITE PRONOUN

Revision: Pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence. Pronoun

(noun) (definite pronoun)

Example: I would like to go to Malacca this holiday. It is a beautiful

I would like to go somewhere this holiday.

6 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

 Indefinite pronoun is considered as SINGULAR noun if the quantity is not

(plural noun) (verb)

Everyone in the class is wise.

(Can be one student or more than one)

The indefinite pronouns are:

Meaning Person Place Thing

everyone everywhere Everything

someone Somewhere Something

7 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

anyone anywhere anything

7. I won't tell your 9. We can go 11. I don't have

no one nowhere nothing

8 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

3. Awang has __________to eat.

5. Are you going __________today?

9 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

1. Money __________________ (is / are) not everything but everything

2. I __________________ (saw / see) someone __________________

3. I __________________ (does / do )not feel well today. I think

4. Where (is / are) everybody? I__________________ (need / will need)

5. Helmi __________________ (want /wants) to suggest something and

Situation: Booking An Airline Ticket

Yusuf : Good morning

10 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

Noor : When do you wish to go?

11 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

I lost something and my life was upside down.

12 INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY

2. I (saw / see) someone

very nervous _ I don’t know anyone. _,