SCANNING AND ITS

TYPES

WHAT IS SCANNING?
Scanning is a technique often used in reading
comprehension and text analysis. Its primary purpose
in English grammar is to locate specific information
quickly without needing to read every word of text.
This can be useful in various contexts where you need
to identify or focus on particular words, phrases,
patterns, or concepts. For example, when we are
searching for a telephone number in a directory, we
scan the page for the name of the specific person we
are looking for.
EXAMPLE:
"The big, brown dog chased the playful cat through the
green garden."
To scan for adjectives in this passage, you would
quickly go through it, identifying words that describe or
modify nouns:
 "big" describes "dog"
  "brown" describes "dog"
 "playful" describes "cat"
 "green" describes "garden"
Using scanning techniques, you can efficiently locate
and identify adjectives within the passage without
needing to read it word-for-word. This helps improve
your understanding of how adjectives are used in
context and enhances your grammatical analysis skills.

TYPES OF SCANNING
Types of scanning are as follows:
 Word scanning
 Grammar point scanning
 Sentence scanning
 Paragraph scanning
 Text structure scanning
 Contextual scanning.

 Word scanning:
 involves quickly searching through a text to
locate specific words or vocabulary items.
Word scanning is useful for identifying
keywords ,understanding vocabulary usage,
and finding definitions or synonyms.
EXAMPLE:
Using word scanning, you would quickly scan through
the text to find each instance of the word
"environment":
 "The environment plays a crucial role..."
 "...impact on the environment..."
 "...protect the environment for future
generations."
By employing word scanning techniques, you efficiently
locate and identify every occurrence of the target word
within the text, aiding in tasks such as vocabulary
identification, comprehension, or information retrieval.
GRAMMAR PO

 GRAMMAR POINT SCANNING:

This type of scanning focuses on locating specific
grammar points or structures within a text. It
 involves identifying parts of speech, verb tenses,
sentence structures, and other grammatical
elements to analyze how they are used in
context.

EXAMPLE:

"Samantha walked to the store yesterday. She

bought some groceries and then returned home."
To scan for past tense verbs in this passage, you
would quickly go through it, identifying verbs that
indicate actions or states that occurred in the past:
 "walked" (past tense form of "walk")
 "bought" (past tense form of "buy")
 "returned" (past tense form of "return")
Using grammar point scanning techniques, you
can efficiently locate and identify past tense verbs
within the passage without needing to read it
word-for-word. This helps improve your
understanding of how past tense verbs are used in
context and enhances your grammatical analysis
skills.

 SENTENCE SCANNING:
 Sentence scanning involves quickly reading or
scanning through sentences to understand their
meaning and structure. It helps readers grasp the
main ideas, subject-verb agreement, word order,
and punctuation usage within sentences.
EXAMPLE:
"The cat sat on the windowsill, watching the birds
outside. Suddenly, it pounced on a small sparrow.
The dog barked loudly, startling the cat. It quickly
retreated back inside."
To scan for the subjects of each sentence in this
paragraph, you would quickly go through it,
identifying the noun or pronoun that performs the
action or is described in each sentence:
 Sentence 1: "The cat" is the subject.
 Sentence 2: "It" refers to the cat and is the subject.
 Sentence 3: "The dog" is the subject.
 Sentence 4: "It" refers to the cat and is the subject.
Using sentence scanning techniques, you
efficiently locate and identify the subject of each
sentence within the paragraph without needing to
read it word-for-word. This helps improve your
understanding of sentence structure and enhances
your grammatical analysis skills
 PARAGRAPH SCANNING
 Paragraph scanning involves scanning through
paragraphs to identify topic sentences,
supporting details, transitions, and overall
paragraph structure. It helps readers
understand the organization and coherence of
a text.
EXAMPLE:
"Climate change is a pressing issue that
affects the entire planet. Rising temperatures,
extreme weather events, and melting ice caps
are just some of the consequences of climate
change. Human activities, such as burning
fossil fuels and deforestation, are major
contributors to this problem. It's crucial for
individuals, governments, and businesses to
take action to mitigate the impacts of climate
change and transition to more sustainable
practices."
To scan for the main idea or topic sentence in
this paragraph, you would quickly go through
it, identifying the sentence that introduces the
central theme or primary focus:
 "Climate change is a pressing issue that affects the
entire planet."
 Using paragraph scanning techniques, you
efficiently locate and identify the main idea or
topic sentence within the paragraph without
needing to read it word-for-word. This helps
improve your understanding of the overall
structure and organization of the text.
 TEXT STRUCTURE SCANNING:
This type of scanning involves examining the
overall structure of a text, including headings,
subheadings, bullet points, and other
formatting elements. It helps readers navigate
the text and understand its organization, main
ideas, and supporting details
Example:
Let's say you're given an article and asked to
identify its organizational structure, including
headings, subheadings, and other formatting
elements. You would use text structure
scanning techniques to quickly locate these
structural components and understand how
the information is organized.
Heading: "The Benefits of Renewable Energy"
Subheading 1: "Reduced Environmental
Impact" Renewable energy sources such as
solar, wind, and hydroelectric power produce
 electricity without emitting greenhouse gases,
helping to reduce air pollution and combat
climate change.
Subheading 2: "Energy Independence"
Investing in renewable energy reduces
reliance on fossil fuels imported from other
countries, enhancing energy security and
promoting self-sufficiency.
Subheading 3: "Economic Opportunities"
The renewable energy sector creates jobs,
stimulates economic growth, and fosters
innovation in clean energy technologies.
Using text structure scanning techniques, you
would quickly scan through the article to
identify the headings and subheadings, as well
as any other formatting elements such as
bullet points or numbered lists. This helps you
understand the overall organization of the
text and locate specific information efficiently.
 Contextual Scanning:
Contextual scanning involves reading or
scanning surrounding sentences or paragraphs
to understand the context in which a specific
word, phrase, or grammar point is used. It
helps readers interpret meaning, infer
 relationships, and understand nuances in
language usage.
Example:
Let's say you're reading a passage and
encounter a sentence with a word you're not
familiar with. Instead of stopping to look up
the word in a dictionary, you use contextual
scanning techniques to infer its meaning
based on the surrounding text.
"The professor's erudite lecture on quantum
mechanics left the students feeling both
intrigued and challenged."
In this sentence, you encounter the word
"erudite," which you may not know the exact
definition of. However, by using contextual
scanning, you can infer its meaning based on
the surrounding text:
 The sentence mentions a "lecture on quantum
mechanics" given by a "professor."
 The lecture is described as "erudite."
 The students' reaction to the lecture is that they
feel "intrigued and challenged."
From the context, you can infer that "erudite"
likely means knowledgeable, scholarly, or
intellectually sophisticated, especially
 considering the context of a university lecture.
Therefore, you can understand the sentence
to mean that the professor's highly
knowledgeable or intellectually sophisticated
lecture on quantum mechanics intrigued and
challenged the students.
By employing contextual scanning techniques,
you can effectively comprehend the meaning
of unfamiliar words or phrases based on the
context in which they appear, without needing
to consult external resources like dictionaries.

 Scanning for research and study

Scanning, too, uses keywords and organizational cues. But
while the goal of skimming is a bird's-eye view of the material,
the goal of scanning is to locate and swoop down on particular
facts.
Facts may be buried within long text passages that have
relatively little else to do with your topic or claim. Skim this
material first to decide if it is likely to contain the facts you
need. Don't forget to scan tables of contents, summaries,
indexes, headings, and typographical cues. To make sense of
lists and tables, skim them first to understand how they are
organized: alphabetical, chronological, or most-to-least, for
example. If after skimming you decide the material will be
useful, go ahead and scan:
1. Know what you're looking for. Decide on a few key words or
phrases–search terms, if you will. You will be a flesh-and-
blood search engine.
2. Look for only one keyword at a time. If you use multiple
keywords, do multiple scans.
3. Let your eyes float rapidly down the page until you find the
word or phrase you want.
4. When your eye catches one of your keywords, read the
surrounding material carefully.

Scanning to answer question

If you are scanning for facts to answer a specific question, one
step is already done for you: the question itself supplies the
keywords. Follow these steps:
1. Read each question completely before starting to scan.
Choose your keywords from the question itself.
2. Look for answers to only one question at a time. Scan
separately for each question.
3. When you locate a keyword, read the surrounding text
carefully to see if it is relevant.
4. Re-read the question to determine if the answer you found
answers this question.
Scanning is a technique that requires concentration and can be
surprisingly tiring. You may have to practice at not allowing
your attention to wander. Choose a time and place that you
know works for you and dive in.

 Benefits of scanning
1.Scanning allows quick location of
specific information, saving time
compared to
reading everything in detail.
 2.Helps find specific words, phrases, or
patterns without examining the
entire text.
3.By focusing on keywords or central
themes, scanning facilitates a better
understanding of the text's main
ideas.
4.Useful for spotting grammar errors,
such as subject-verb agreement
issues,
incorrect tenses, or punctuation
mistakes.
5.Scanning is useful for quickly finding
repeated words or inconsistencies
during proofreading.
 Disadvantages of Scanning
1.Scanning focuses on keywords, often
disregarding the broader context that
informs grammatical rules and
sentence meaning.
2.It tends to miss subtle but crucial
grammatical elements like
punctuation, tense,
 or conjunctions, leading to potential
misunderstandings.
3.Without comprehensive reading, it's
easy to misinterpret sentences or
phrases
due to missing context or ambiguity in
word usage.
4.Scanning quickly can lead to a
superficial understanding of grammar,
affecting
the ability to grasp more complex
structures.
5.Scanning may not catch all
grammatical errors, especially those
that require
deeper analysis, like subject-verb
agreement or sentence fragments.

 1.Scanning focuses on keywords, often disregarding the broader context that

 informs grammatical rules a 1.Scanning focuses on keywords, often

disregarding the broader context that

 informs grammatical rules and sentence meaning.

 2.It tends to miss subtle but crucial grammatical elements like punctuation,

tense,

 or conjunctions, leading to potential misunderstandings.

 3.Without comprehensive reading, it's easy to misinterpret sentences or

phrases

 due to missing context or ambiguity in word usage.

 4.Scanning quickly can lead to a superficial understanding of grammar,

affecting

 the ability to grasp more complex structures.

 5.Scanning may not catch all grammatical errors, especially those that require

 deeper analysis, like subject-verb agreement or sentence fragments.nd sentence

meaning.
  2.It tends to miss subtle but crucial grammatical elements like punctuation,

tense,

 or conjunctions, leading to potential misunderstandings.

 3.Without comprehensive reading, it's easy to misinterpret sentences or

phrases

 due to missing context or ambiguity in word usage.

 4.Scanning quickly can lead to a superficial understanding of grammar,

affecting

 the ability to grasp more complex structures.

 5.Scanning may not catch all grammatical errors, especially those that require

 deeper analysis, like subject-verb agreement or sentence fragments.

1.Scanning allows quick location of specific information, saving time compared to

reading everything in detail.

2.Helps find specific words, phrases, or patterns without examining the

entire text.

3.By focusing on keywords or central themes, scanning facilitates a better

understanding of the text's main ideas.

4.Useful for spotting grammar errors, such as subject-verb agreement issues,

incorrect tenses, or punctuation mistakes.

5.Scanning is useful for quickly finding repeated words or inconsistencies

during proofreading.