Differentiation

5/26/24, 6:17 PM Exam Automation
College Knowledge
.
Test / Exam Name: Differentiation Standard: 12th Science Subject: Mathematics

Student Name: Section: Roll No.:
Questions: 880 Time: 01:00 hh:mm Marks: 3420
3 3
Q1. sin t cos t dy 7 Marks
If x = ,y = , find dx
√cos 2
t √cos 2t
Ans: sin 3 t cos 3 t

We have, x = and y =
√cos 2t √cos 2t
dx d sin 3 t
⇒ dt
= dt [ √cos 2t ]
d d
3
dx √cos 2t dt ( sin ) − sin 3 t dt √cos 2t
⇒ =
dt cos 2t
[Using quotient rule]
d 1 d
3
√cos 2t ( 3sin t ) dt ( sin t ) − sin 3 × ( cos 2t )
dx 2√cos 2t dt
⇒ =
dt cos 2t
sin 3 t
2
3√cos 2t ( sin tcos t ) − ( − 2sin 2t )
dx 2√cos 2t
⇒ dt
= cos 2t
dx 3cos 2tsin 2 tcos t + sin 3 tsin 2t
⇒ =
dt cos 2t√cos 2t
dy d cos 3
Now, dt
= dt [ √cos 2t ]
d d
3 t ) − cos 3 t dt √cos 2t
dy √cos 2t dt ( cos
⇒ =
dt cos 2t
d 1 d
2
√cos 2t ( 3cos t ) dt ( cos t ) − cos 3 t × ( cos 2t )
dy 2√cos 2t dt
⇒ =
dt cos 2t
cos 3 t
3√cos 2tcos 2 t − ( sin t ) − ( − 2sin 2t )
dy 2√cos 2t
⇒ dt
= cos 2t
dy − 3cos 2tcos 2 t + cos 3 tsin 2t
⇒ dt
=
cos 2t√cos 2t
dy
dy dt − 3cos 2tcos 2 tsin t + cos 3 tsin 2t cos 2t√cos 2t
∴ = dx
= ×
dt cos 2t√cos 2t 3cos 2tsin 2 tcos t + sin 3 tsin 2t
dt
dy sin tcos t [ − 3cos 2tcos t + 2cos 3 t ]
⇒ =
dt sin tcos t [ 3cos 2tsin t + 2sin 3 t ]
dy [ − 3 ( 2cos 2 t − 1 ) cos t + 2cos 3 t ]
⇒ =
dt [ 3 ( 1 − 2sin 2 t ) sin t + 2sin 3 t ]
[ cos2t = 2cos 2t − 1
cos2t = 1 − 2sin 2t ]
dy − 4cos 3 t + 3cos t
⇒ =
dt 3sin t − 4sin 3 t
dy − cos 3t
⇒ dt
= sin 3t
[ cos3t = 4cos 3t − 3cost

sin3t = 3sin 2t − 4sin 3t
dy
]
∴ = − cos3t
dx
Q2. dy 7 Marks
Find dx
y= x log x + (logx x)
Ans: Let y = x log x + (logx x)

Also, let u = (logx) x and v = x log x
∴ y=v+u
dy dv du
⇒ dx
= dx
+ dx
. . . . . (i)
Now, u = (logx) x
⇒ logu = log [(logx) x ]

⇒ logu = xlog(logx)
Differentiating both sides with respect to x,
1 du d d
u dx
= log(logx) dx (x) + x dx [log(logx) ]
du 1 d
⇒ dx [ ]
= u log(logx) + x log x dx (logx)
du x 1
⇒ dx = (logx) x [log(logx) + log x × x ]
du 1
⇒ dx = (logx) x [log(logx) + log x ] . . . . . (ii)
Also, v = x log x
⇒ logv = logx log x
⇒ logv = logxlogx = (logx) 2
1 dv d
v dx
=
dx [(log) 2 ]
1 dv d
⇒ = 2(logx) dx (logx)
v dx
dv 1
⇒ dx
= 2v(logx) x
dv log x
⇒ dx
= 2x log x x
dv log x log x
⇒ dx
= 2x x
. . . . . (iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we obtain
https://bls.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/c59cb220-8e86-4716-9ff7-82aec16b1ade/1 1/158
dy log x log x 1
dx
= 2x
x [ log x ]
+ (logx) x log(logx) +
Q3. Differentiate sin − 1 (4x√1 − 4x 2 ) with respect to √1 − 4x 2, if: 7 Marks
1 1
x ∈ (−
2√ 2 √ 2√ 2 )
,
Ans: Let u = sin − 1 4x 1 − 4x 2

( √ )
Put 2x = cosθ
(
⇒ u = sin − 1 2 × cosθ 1 − cos 2θ √ )
⇒u= sin − 1(2cosθsinθ)
⇒ u = sin − 1(sin2θ) . . . . . (i)
2
Let, v = √1 − 4x . . . . . (ii)
Here,
1 1
x∈ ( − 2√ 2 , 2√ 2 )
1 1
⇒ 2x ∈ ( − . )
√2 √2
π 3π
⇒ θ ∈ (4, 4 )
So, from equation (i),
u = π = 2θ
π
[Since, sin − 1(sinθ) = π − θ, if θ ∈ ( 2 , π )]
⇒ u = π − 2cos − 1(2x) [Since, 2x = cosθ ]
Differentiating it with respect to x,
du
dx
=0−2 (√ −1
1 − ( 2x ) 2
) d
dx
(2x)
du 2
⇒ dx
= (2)
√ 1 − 4x 2
du 4
⇒ = . . . . . (iii)
dx 2
√1 − 4x
From equation (ii)
dv − 4x
⇒ dx
=
√1 − 4x 2
1 1
But, x ∈ ( − 2 , 2√ 2 )
dv −4( −x)
⇒ dx
=
√1 − 4 ( − x ) 2
dv 4x
⇒ = . . . . . (iv)
dx 1 − 4x 2
√
Diferentiating equation (ii) with respect to x,
dv 1 d
dx
= (1 − 4x 2)
2 1 − 4x 2 dx
√
dv 1
⇒ dx
= ( − 8x)
2 1 − 4x 2
√
dv − 4x
⇒ = . . . . . (v)
dx 2
√1 − 4x
Dividing equation (iii) by (v)
du 2
dx 4 √1 − 4x
dv
= ×
2 − 4x
dx √1 − 4x
du 1
∴ = −
dv x
Q4. x−1 1 1 7 Marks
Differentiate tan − 1 ( x + 1 ) with respect to sin − 1 (3x − 4x3 ), if − 2 < x < 2
Ans: Let, u = tan − 1 x−1
(x+1 )
Put x = tanθ
tan θ − 1
⇒ u = tan − 1 ( tan θ + 1 )
π
tan θ − tan 4
⇒ u = tan −1
( 1 + tan θtan 4
π )
π
⇒ utan − 1 tan (θ − [ 4 ) ] . . . . . (i)
1 1
Here, − 2 < x < 2
1 1
⇒ − < tanθ <
2 2
1 1
⇒ − tan − 1 2 ( ) < θ < tan − 1 ( 2 )
So, from equation (i)
π
u=θ−
4
π π
[Since,tan − 1(tanθ) = θ, if θ ∈ ( − 2 , 2 )]
π
⇒ u = tan − 1x − 4
[Since,x = tanθ]
du 1
= −0
dx 1 + x2
du 1
⇒ = . . . . . (ii)
dx 1 + x2
And,
Let, v = sin − 1(3x − 4x 3)
Put x = sinθ
⇒ v = sin − 1(3sinθ − 4sin 3θ)
⇒ v = sin − 1(sin3θ) . . . . . (iii)
1 1
Now, − 2 < x < 2
1 1
⇒ − 2
< sinθ < 2
1 π
⇒ − 6
<θ< 6
So, from equation (iii),
π π
[
v = 3θ Since,sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, if θ ∈ [ − 2 , 2 ]]
⇒ v = 3sin − 1x[Since, x = sinθ]
Dirrerentiating it with respect to x,
dv 3
= . . . . . (iv)
dx 2
√1 − x
Dividing equation (iii) by (iv),
du 2
dx 1 √1 − x
dv
= ×
1 + x2 3
dx
2
du √1 − x
∴ =
dv 3 ( 1 + x2 )
Q5. Differentiate the following functions from first principles: 7 Marks
sin − 1(2x + 3)
Ans: Let f(x) = sin − 1(2x + 3)

⇒ f(x + h) = sin − 1(2(x + h) + 3)
⇒ f(x + h) = sin − 1(2x + 2h + 3)
d f ( x + h ) − f(x)
∴ dx
{f(x)} = lim h
h→0
sin − 1 ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) − sin − 1 ( 2x + 3 )
= lim h
h→0
sin − 1 [ ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) √1 + ( 2x + 3 )2 − ( 2x + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 2h + 3 )2 ]
= lim
h
h→0
[Since, sin − 1x − sin − 1y = sin − 1 [x√1 − y2 − y√1 − x2 ] ]

sin − 1 z z
= lim z
× h
h→0
Where, z = (2x + 2h + 3) 1 − (2x + 3) 2 − (2x + 3) 1 − (2x + 2h + 3) 2 √ √
sin − 1 h
and lim h
=1
h→0
z
= lim h
h→0
2 2
( 2x + 2h + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 3 ) − ( 2x + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 2h + 3 )
= lim
h
h→0
( 2x + 2h + 3 ) − ( 2x + 3 ) − ( 2x + 3 ) 2 ( 1 − ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) 2 )
2 2
= lim
h→0 { ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 3 ) 2 − ( 2x + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) 2 }
[Since, rationalizing numerator]
[ ( 2x + 3 ) 2 + 4h 2 + 4h ( 2x + 3 ) ] ( 1 − ( 2x + 3 ) 2 ) − ( 2x + 3 ) 2 [ 1 − ( 2x + 3 ) 2 − 4h 2 − 4h ( 2x + 3 ) ]
= lim 2 2
h→0 h { ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 3 ) + ( 2x + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) }
[ ( 2x + 3 )2 + 4h2 + 4h ( 2x + 3 ) − ( 2x + 3 )4 − 4h2 ( 2x + 3 )2 − 4h ( 2x + 3 )3 − ( 2x + 3 )2 + ( 2x + 3 )3 + 4h2 ( 2x + 3 )2 + 4h ( 2x + 3 )3 ]
= lim 2 2
h→0 h { ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 3 ) + ( 2x + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) }
4h [ h + ( 2x + 3 ) ]
= lim
h→0 h { ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 3 ) 2
+ ( 2x + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 2h + 3 ) }
2
4h [ h + ( 2x + 3 ) ]
=
( 2x + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 3 ) 2 + ( 2x + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 3 ) 2
4 ( 2x + 3 )
=
2 ( 2x + 3 ) √1 − ( 2x + 3 ) 2
2
= 2
√1 − ( 2x + 3 )
So,
d 2
dx (sin − 1(2x + 3) ) =
√1 − ( 2x + 3 ) 2
Q6. x2 + x + 1 2 √3x dy 6 Marks
If y = log 2
x −x+1
+
√3
tan − 1 ( 1 − x ), find dx
2
Ans: Here,
x2 + x + 1 2 √3x
y = log 2
x −x+1
+
√3
tan − 1 (1−x ) 2
Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule and quotient rule,

dy d x2 + x + 1 2 d √3x
⇒
dx
=
dx
log ( x − x + 1 ) + √3 dx tan − 1 ( 1 − x )
2 2
) + √3 { }
dy 1 d x2 + x + 1 2 1 d √3x
⇒
dx
= x2 + x + 1 (
dx x 2 − x + 1 √3x (
dx 1 − x 2 )
( x −x+1 )
2 1+ ( 1−x 2 )
d d d d
( x 2 − x + 1 ) dx ( x 2 + x + 1 ) − ( x 2 + x + 1 ) dx ( x 2 − x + 1 ) ( 1 − x 2 ) 2 dx ( √3x ) − √3x dx ( 1 − x ) 2
( x − x + 1 )( )+ √ { }{ }
dy x2 + x + 1 2 ( 1 − x )2
⇒ = 2
dx ( x2 − x + 1 )2 3 1 + x 4 − 2x 2 + 3x 2 ( 1 − x2 )2
2
dy 1 ( x 2 − x + 1 ) ( 2x + 1 ) − ( x 2 + x + 1 ) ( 2x − 1 ) 2 ( 1 − x2 )2 ( 1 − x ) ( √3 ) − √3x ( − 2x )
⇒
dx
= ( x − x + 1 )(
2 2
(x −x+1)
) + √3 ( 1 + x + x )( 2 4
( 1 − x2 )2
)
2 2
dy 2x 3 − 2x 2 + 2x + x 2 − x + 1 − 2x 3 − 2x 2 − 2x + x 2 + x + 1 2 √3 − √3x √3x
⇒
dx
= ( 4
x + 2x + 1 − x 2 2 ) + √3 ( 1 + x2 + x4
)
2
dy − 2x 2 + 2 2√ 3 ( x + 1 )
⇒ dx
= ( x + x + 1 ) + √3 ( 1 + x + x )
4 2 2 4
2 2
dy 2(1−x ) 2(x +1)
⇒ = +
dx ( x4 + x2 + 1 ) 1 + x2 + x4
dy 2 ( 1 − x2 + x2 + 1 )
⇒ =
dx 1 + x2 + x4
dy 4
⇒ =
dx 1 + x2 + x4
Q7. dy 6 Marks
Find dx
, when
2t 1 − t2
x= and y =
1 + t2 1 + t2
Ans: Here, x = 2t
1 + t2
Differentiating it with respect to t using quotient rule,
d d
( 1 + t 2 ) dt ( 2t ) − 2t dt ( 1 + t 2 )
dy
dx
= [ ( 1 + t2 )2 ]
2
( 1 + t ) ( 2 ) − 2t ( 2t )
= [ (1+t ) 2 2 ]
2 2
2 + 2t − 4t
= [ ] 2 2
(1+t )
2
2 − 2t
= [ ] 2
(1+t )
dx 2 ( 1 − t2 )
= . . . (i)
dt ( 1 + t2 )2
2 ( 1 − t2 )
And, y =
( 1 + t2 )2
Differentiating it with respect to t using quotient rule,
d d
( 1 + t 2 ) dt ( 1 − t 2 ) − ( 1 − t 2 ) dt ( 1 + t 2 )
dy
dt
= [ ( 1 + t2 )2 ]
( 1 + t 2 ) ( − 2t ) − ( 1 − t ) 2 ( 2t )
= [ (1+t ) 2 2 ]
3 3
− 2t − 2t − 2t + 2t
= [ ] 2 2
(1+t )
dy − 4t
= [
(1+t ) ]
. . . (ii)
2 2
dx
Dividing equation (ii) by (i),
dy
dt − 4t ( 1 + t2 )2
dx
= ×
( 1 − t2 )2 2 ( 1 + t2 )
dt
− 2t
=
( 1 − t2 )
dy x
dx
= − y
x 2t 1 + t2 2t
[Since y = 1 + t 2 ×
1 − t2
=
1 − t2
]
Q8. Show that the function defined by f(x) = cos (x2 ) is a continuous function. 6 Marks
Ans: It is given function is f(x) = cos(x 2)

This function f is defined for every real number and f can be written as the composition of two function as,
f = goh, where, g(x) = cosx and h(x) = x 2
First we have to prove that g(x) = cosx and h(x) = x 2 are continuous functions.
We know that g is defined for every real number.
Let k be a real number.
Then, g(k) = cos k
Now, put x = k + h
lf x → k, then h → 0
lim lim
x → kg(x) = x → kcosx
lim
= h → -0cos(k + h)
= lim
h→0
− [coskcosh − sink. sinh]
lim lim
= h → -0coskcosh − h → -0sinksinh
= coskcos0 − sinksin0
= cosk × 1 − sin × 0
= cosk
lim
∴ x→k
g(x) = g(k)
Thus, g(x) = cosx is continuous function.
Now, h(x) = x2
So, h is defined for every real number.
Let c be a real number, then h(c) = c2
lim
x → ch(x) = xlim
→ cx
2
lim
x→c
h(x) = h(c)
Therefore, h is a continuous function.
We know that for real valued functions g and h, Such that (fog) is continuous at c.
Therefore, f(x) = (goh)(x) = cos(x2) is a continuous function.
Q9. Differentiate the following functions with respect to x: 6 Marks
√1 + x + √1 − x
sin − 1 { 2 }, 0 < x < 1
Ans: √1 + x + √1 − x
Let y = sin − 1 { 2 }
Put x = cos2θ, So
√1 + cos 2θ + √1 − cos 2θ
= sin − 1 { 2 }
√2cos 2
θ+ √2sin 2
θ
= sin − 1 { 2 }
√ 2cos θ + √ 2sin θ
= sin − 1 { 2 }
1 1
= sin − 1 {cosθ ( ) + ( )sinθ }
√2 √2
π π
= sin − 1 {cosθsin ( 4 ) + cos 4 sinθ }
π
y = sin − 1 {sin (θ + 4 )} . . . . . (i)
Here, 0 < x < 1
⇒ 0 < cos2θ < 1
π
⇒ 0 < 2θ < 2
π
⇒0<θ< 4
π π π
⇒ 4
< θ+ ( 4 )< 2
So from eqaution (i),
π π π
y=θ+
4 [Since, sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, if θ ∈ ( − 2 , 2 )]
1 π
y = cos − 1x +
2 4
Differentiate it with respect to x,
dy 1 −1
dx
=
2 ( √1 − x ) + 0 2
dy −1
dx
=
2 1 − x2
√
Q10. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of f(x) = e | x | . 6 Marks
Ans: Given:
f(x) = e | x |
⇒ f(x) =
{ e x,
e − x,
x≥0
x<0
f is Continuity:
(LHL at x = 0)
lim f(x)
x→0−
= lim f(0 − h)
h→0
= lim e − ( 0 − h )
h→0
= lim e − h
h→0
=1
(RHL at x = 0)
lim f(x)
x→0+
= lim f(0 + h)
h→0
= lim e ( 0 + h )
h→0
=1
and f(0)
= e0 = 1
Thus, lim − f(x) = lim − f(x) = f(0)
x→0− h→0+
Hence, function is continuous at x = 0.
Differentiability at x = 0.
(LHL at x = 0)
f(x) − f ( 0 )
= lim
x−0
x→0−
f(0−h) −f(0)
= lim 0−h−0
h→0
e − (0−h) −1
= lim −h
h→0
eh − 1 eh − 1
= lim
h→0
−h
= −1 [ ∵ hlim
→0
h
=1 ]
(RHL at x = 0)
f(x) − f ( 0 )
= lim x−0
+
x→0
f(0−h) −f(0)
= lim
0+h−0
h→0
− (0−h)
e −1
= lim
h
h→0
eh − 1 eh − 1
= lim
h→0
h
=1 [ ∵ hlim
→0
h
=1 ]
LHL at (x = 0) ≠ RHL at (x = 0)
Hence the function is not differentiable at x = 0.
Q11. dy sin 2 ( a + y ) 6 Marks
If xsin(a + y) + sinacos(a + y) = 0, prove that dx
= sin a
Ans: We have, xsin(a + y) + sinacos(a + y) = 0

Differentiate with respect to x, we get
d d
⇒ dx [xsin(a + y) ] + dx [sinacos(a + y) ] = 0
d d d
[ ]
⇒ x dx sin(a + y) + sin(a + y) dx (x) + sina dx cos(a + y) = 0
d d
⇒ [xcos(a + y) dx (a + y) + sin(a + y)(1) ] + sina [ − sin(a + y) dx (a + y) ] = 0
dy dy
⇒ xcos(a + y) dx (a + y) + sin(a + y) − sinasin(a + y) dx = 0
dy
⇒ dx [xcos(a + y) − sinasin(a + y) ] = − sin(a + y)
2
dy cos ( a + y )
⇒
dx [ − sina sin ( a + y ) ]
− sinasin(a + y) = − sin(a + y)
cos ( a + y )
[∵ x = − sina
sin ( a + y ) ]
dy sin acos 2 ( a + y ) + sin asin 2 ( a + y )
⇒ −
dx [ sin ( a + y ) ]= − sin(a + y)
dy sin ( a + y )
⇒ dx
= sin(a + y) [ sin a { cos 2
( a + y ) + sin 2 ( a + y ) } ]
dy sin 2 ( a + y )
⇒ =
dx sin a
4x 1 1
tan − 1 ( 1 − 4x ), − 2 < x < 2
2
Ans: Let y = tan − 1 4x

{ 1 − 4x } 2
Put 2x = tanθ, so
2tan θ
y = tan − 1 { 1 − tan θ } 2
y= tan − 1{tan2θ} . . . . . (i)

1 1
Here, − 2 < x < 2
⇒ − 1 < 2x < 1
⇒ − 1 < tanθ < 1
π π
⇒ − <θ<
4 4
π π
⇒ − < (2θ) <
2 2
π π
[
y = θ Since, tan − 1(tanθ) = θ, if θ ∈ [ − 2 , 2 ]]
y = 2tan − 1(2x) [Since, 2x = tanθ ]
Differentiating ti with respect to x using chain rule,
dy 1 d
dx
=2 ( 1 + ( 2x ) ) dx (2x) 2
dy 4
=
dx 1 + 4x 2
Q13. 6 Marks
{
π
x+ a√2sinx, if 0 ≤ x <
4
π π
Find the value of a and b so that the function f(x) defind by f(x) = 2xcot x + b, if 4
≤x< 2 becomes continuous on [0, π]
π
acos2x − bsinx, if 2
≤x≤π
Ans: Given, f is continuous on [0, π]

π π
∴ f is continuous at x and
4 2
π
At x = 4 , we have
π π π π π π
lim f(x) = lim
π− h→0
( 4 − h ) = hlim
→0
[( 4 − h ) + a√2sin ( 4 − h )] = [ 4 + a√2sin ( 4 )] = [ 4 + a ]
x→ 4
π π π π π π
lim f(x) = lim
π+ h→0
( 4 + h ) = hlim
→0
[2 ( 4 + h )cot ( 4 + h ) + b ] = [ 2 cot ( 4 ) + b ] = [ 2 + b ]
x→ 4
π
At x = 2 , we have
π π π
lim f(x) = lim
π− h→0
( 2 − h ) = hlim
→0
[2 ( 2 − h )cot ( 2 − h ) + b ] = b
x→ 2
π π π
lim f(x) = lim
π+ h→0
( 2 + h ) = hlim
→0
[acos2 ( 2 + h ) − bsin ( 2 + h )] = −a−b
x→ 2
π π
Since f is continuous at x = 4
and x = 2 , we have
lim f(x) = lim f(x) and lim f(x) = lim f(x)
π− π+ π− π+
x→ 2 x→ 2 x→ 4 x→ 4
π π
⇒ − b − a = b and +a= +b
4 2
−a −π
⇒b= . . . (i) and = b − a . . . (ii)
2 4
−π − 3a
⇒
4
=
2
[Substituting the value of b in eq. (ii)]
π
⇒a=
6
−π
⇒b= 12
[From eq. (i)]
Q14. dx y ( x 2y + x + y ) 6 Marks
If xylog(x + y) = 1, prove that = −
dx x ( xy 2 + x + y )
Ans: Here,
xy log(x + y) = 1
Differentiating with respect to x, we get
d d
⇒ dx [xylog(x + y) ] = dx
(1)
d dy d
⇒ xy log(x + y) + xlog(x + y) + ylog(x + y) (x) = 0
dx dx dx
[Using chain rule and product rule]
1 d dy
⇒ xy × ( x + y ) dx (x + y) + xlog(x + y) dx + ylog(x + y)(1) = 0
xy dy dy
⇒ (
x + y )(
1 + ) + xlog(x + y) + ylog(x + y)(1) = 0
dx dx
xy dy xy 1 dy 1
⇒ (
x + y ) dx
+(
x+y )
+ x( ) + y( ) = 0
xy dx xy
1
[Since from equation (i)log(x + y) = xy ]
dy xy 1 1 xy
⇒ [ + ]= −[ +
dx x + y y x x+y ]
2 2
dy xy + x + y x+y+x y
dx [ ( x + y ) y ]
= −[
x(x+y) ]
2
dy x+y+x y (x+y)y
dx
= − ( x ( x + y ) )( ) 2
xy + x + y
2
y x+y+x y
= − (
x x + y + xy ) 2
So,
dy y x 2y + x + y
dx
= − (
x xy 2 + x + y )
x+ √ 1 − x3
sin − 1 ( √2
), − 1 < x < 1
Ans: x+ √1 − x 3
Let y = sin − 1 ( √2
)
Put x = asinθ, So
2
sin θ + √1 − sin θ
= sin − 1 { √2
}
sin θ + cos θ
= sin − 1 { √2 }
1 1
= sin − 1 {sinθ ( ) + cosθ ( )}
√ 2 √2
π π
= sin − 1 {sinθcos 4 + cosθsin 4 }
π
y = sin − 1 {sin (θ + 4 )} . . . . . (i)
Here, − 1 < x < 1
⇒ − 1 < sinθ < 1
π π
⇒ − 2
<θ< 2
π π π 3π
⇒ ( − 2 + 4 ) < ( 4 + θ) < 4
π π π
y=θ+ 4 [Since, sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, as θ ∈ [ − 2 , 2 ]]
π
y = sin − 1x + 4 [Since, sinθ = x ]
dy 1
dx
= +0
√ 1 − x2
dy 1
=
dx 1 − x2
√
Q16. dy b 6 Marks
If x = asin2t(1 + cos2t) and y = b cos2t(1 − cos2t), show that ( dx ) at t = π
4
= .
a
Ans: We have, x = asin2t(1 + cos2t) and y = bcos2t(1 − cos2t)

dx d d
∴ dt
= a sin2t ⋅ [ dt
(1 + cos2t) + (1 + cos2t) dt sin2t ]
= a [sin2t ⋅ ( − 2sin2t) + (1 + cos2t) ⋅ 2cos2t ]
= − 2asin 22t + 2acos2t(1 + cos2t)
dx
⇒ dt
= − 2a [sin 22t − cos2t(1 + cos2t) ] …(i)
dy d d
and dt
= b cos2t ⋅ [ dt
(1 − cos2t) + (1 − cos2t) ⋅ dt
cos2t ]
= b [cos2t ⋅ (2sin2t) + (1 − cos2t)( − 2sin2t) ]
= 2b [sin2t ⋅ cos2t − (1 − cos2t)sin2t ]
dy
dy dt 2b [ sin 2t ⋅ cos 2t − 1 ( 1 − cos 2t ) sin 2t ]
∴ dx
= dx =
− 2a [ sin 2 2t − cos 2t ( 1 + cos 2t ) ]
dt
π π π π
dy b [ sin 2 cos 2 ( 1 − cos 2 ) sin 2 ]
⇒ ( dx ) t = π
4
= −
a π π π
[ sin2 2 − cos 2 ( 1 + cos 2 ) ]
b (0−1) b
= a
⋅ (1−0)
= a
Q17. dy 6 Marks
Find dx
y= x sin x + (sinx ) x
Ans: Let y = x sin x + (sinx) x

Also, let u = x sin x and v = (sinx) x
∴y=u+v
dv du dv
⇒ dx
=
dx
+ dx
. . . . . (i)
u= x sin x
⇒ logu = log (x sin x )
⇒ logu = sinxlogx
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
1 du d d
u dx
= dx
(sinx) × logx + sinx × dx
(logx)
du 1
⇒ dx [
= u cotxlogx + sinx × x ]
du sin x
⇒ dx
= x sin x cosxlogx + [ x ] . . . . . (ii)
x
v = (sinx)
⇒ logv = log(sinx) x
⇒ logv = xlog(sinx)
1 dv d d
v dx
= dx
(x) × log(sinx) + x × dx [log(sinx) ]
dv 1 d
⇒ dx [
= v log(sinx) + x × sin x
× dx
(sinx) ]
dv x
⇒ dx
= (sinx) x logsinx + [ sin x
cosx ]
dv
⇒ dx
(sinx) x [logsinx + xcotx ]
dv
⇒ dx
= (sinx) x [logsinx + xcotx ] . . . . . (iii)
dy sin x
dx
= x sin x cosxlogx + ( x ) + (sinx) x [logsinx + xcotx ]
Q18. Verify the hypothesis and conclusion of Lagrange's mean value theorem for the function 6 Marks
1
f(x) = 4x − 1
, 1 ≤ x ≤ 4.
Ans: The given function f(x) = 1

4x − 1
.
Clearly, f(x) is does not exist for x = 0
Since for each x ∈ [1, 4], the function attains a unique definite value, f(x) is continuous on [1, 4].
−4
Also, f ′ (x) = exists for all x ∈ [1, 4],
( 4x − 1 ) 2
Thus, both the conditions of Lagrange's mean value theorem are verified.
Concequently, there exists some c ∈ [1, 4] such that
f(4) −f(1)
f ′ (c) =
4−1
f(4) −f(1)
=
3
Now,
1 −4
f(x) = ⇒ f ′ (x) =
4x − 1 ( 4x − 1 ) 2
1 1
f(4) = 15
, f(1) = 3
f(4) −f(1)
∴ f ′ (x) = 4−1
1 1
15
−3 −4
′
⇒ f (x) = 4−1
== 45
−4 −4
⇒ =
( 4x − 1 ) 2 45
⇒ (4x − 1) 2 = 45
⇒ 16x 2 − 8x − 44 = 0
⇒ 4x 2 − 2x − 11 = 0
1
⇒x= 4 (1 + 3√5 )
1 f(4) −f(1)
Thus, c = 4 (1 + 3√5 ) ∈ (1, 4) such that f ′ (c) = 4−1
.
Hence, Lagrange's theorem is verified.
Q19. Determine the values of a, b, c for which the function 6 Marks
{
sin (a + 1 ) x + sin x
, for x < 0,
x
c, for x = 0
f(x) = is continuous at x = 0.
√ x + bx 2 − √x
3 , for x > 0
bx 2
Ans: The given function can be rewritten as,
{
, for x < 0,
x
c, for x = 0
f(x) = 2
√x + bx − √x
3 , for x > 0
bx 2
{
x
, for x < 0,
⇒ f(x) = c, for x = 0
√1 + bx − 1
, for x > 0
bx
We observe
(LHL at x = 0) = lim f(x) = lim f(0 − h) = lim f( − h)
x→0− h→0 h→0
− sin ( a + 1 ) h − sin ( − h ) − sin ( a + 1 ) h sin h
= lim
h→0
[ h ] = hlim
→0
[ h
− h ]
− sin ( a + 1 ) h sin h
= − (a − 1) lim
h→0
[ (a+1)h ] − hlim
→0
h
= −a−1
(RHL at x = 0) = lim f(x) = lim f(0 + h) = lim f(h)

x→0+ h→0 h→0
√1 + bh − 1 bh 1 1
= lim
h→0
( bh ) = hlim
→0
( bh ( √1 + bh + 1 ) ) = hlim ( 1 + bh + 1 ) = 2
→0 √
And, f(0) = c
If f(x) is continuous at x = 0, then
= lim f(x ) = lim f(x ) = f(0)
x→0− x→0+
1
⇒ −a−1= =c
2
1 1
⇒ −a−1= 2
and c = 2
−3 1
⇒a= 2
,c = 2
√1 + bx − 1
Now, bx
exists only if bx ≠ 0 ⇒ b ≠ 0.
∴ b ∈ R − {0}
Q20. y2 6 Marks
√
dy y
If √y + x + √y − x = c, show that dx
=
x
− 2
−1
x
Ans: Here,
√y + x + √y − x = c
Differentiating with respect to x,
d d d
⇒ (√y + x) + √y − x = (c)
dx dx dx
1 d 1 d
⇒ (y + x) + (y − z) = 0
2√y + x dx 2√y − x dx
1 dy 1 dy
⇒
2√y + x dx ( ( − 1) = 0
+1 + ) 2√y − x dx
dy 1 dy 1 1 1
⇒ dx (
2√ y + x )
+ dx (
2√ y − x )
= −
2√ y − x 2√ y + x
dy 1 1 1 √y + x − √y − x
⇒ dx
× [ √ y + x + √ y − x ] = 2 [ √ y − x√ y + x ]
dy √y − x − √y + x √y + x − √y − x
dx [ √y + x√y − x ]
⇒ = [ ]
√ y − x√ y + x
dy √y + x − √y − x √y + x − √y − x
⇒ = ×
dx √y − x + √y − x √y + x − √y + x
[Rationalizing the denominator]
dy ( y + x ) + ( y − x ) − 2√ y + x√ y − x
⇒ dx
= y+x−y+x
2 2
dy
2y − 2 y − x√
⇒ dx
= 2x
dy 2y √
2 y2 − x2
⇒ dx
= 2x
− 2x
y2 − x2
√
dy y
⇒ = −
dx x x2
y2
√
dy y
⇒ = − −1
dx x x2
Q21. Find a point on the parabola y = (x − 3)2, where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining (3, 0) and (4, 1). 6 Marks
Ans: Let,
f(x) = (x − 3)2 = x2 -6x + 9
The tangent to the curve is parallel to the chord joining the points (3, 0) and (4, 1).
Assume that the chord joins the points (a, f(a)) and (b, f(b)).
∴ a = 3, b = 4
The polynomial function is everywhere continuous and differentiable.
So, f(x) = x2 -6x + 9 is continuous on (3, 4) and differentiable on (3, 4).
Thus, both the conditions of Lagrange's theorem are satisfied.
f(4) −f(3)
Concequently, there exists c ∈ (3, 4) such that f ′ (c) = 4−3
Now,
f(x) = x2 -6x + 9
⇒ f'(x) = 2x - 6, f(3) = 0, f(4) = 1
f(4) −f(3)
∴ f ′ (x) = 4−3
1−0
⇒ 2x − 6 = 4−3
⇒ 2x = 7
7
⇒x= 2
7 f(4) −f(3)
Thus, c = 2
∈ (3, 4) such that f ′ (c) = 4−3
7 1
Clearly, f(c) = ( 2 − 3) 2
= 4
7 1
Thus, c, f(c), i.e. 2 , 4 , is a point on the given curve where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining the points (3, 0) and (4, 1).
Q22. Find the value of 'a' for which the function f defined by 6 Marks
{
π
asin 2 (x + 1), x≤0
f(x) = tan x-sinx is discontinuous at x = 0.
3
x>0
x
Ans: Since f(x) is continuous at x = 0, L.H.L = R.H.L.

Thus, we have
lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x→0− x→0+
π tan x − sin x
⇒ lim asin (x + 1) = lim
2 x3
x→0− x→0+
tan x − sin x
⇒ a × 1 = lim
x3
x→0
sin x
cos x
− sin x
⇒ a = lim
x→0 x3
sin x 1
x ( cos x − 1 )
⇒ a = lim
x→0 x2
sin x 1 − cos x
x ( cos x )
⇒ a = lim
x2
x→0
sin x 1 1 − cos x
⇒ a = lim × lim × lim
x cos x x2
x→0 x→0 x→0
1 − cos x
⇒ a = 1 × 1 × lim
x→0 x2
1 − cos x 1 + cos x
⇒ a = lim ×
x→0 x2 1 + cos x
2
1 − cos x
⇒ a = lim
x 2 ( 1 + cos x)
x→0
sin 2 x
⇒ a = lim 2
x ( 1 + cos x)
x→0
sin 2 x 1
⇒ a = lim × lim
x→0 x2 x→0
1 + cos x
1
⇒ a = 1 × lim 1 + cos x
x→0
1
⇒a=1× 1+1
1
⇒a= 2
x
cos − 1 { √x + a } 2 2
Ans: Let y = cos − 1 x

{ √x + a } 2 2
Let x = acotθ
acot θ
⇒ y = cos − 1 { √a cot 2 2 θ + a2
}
acot θ
⇒ y = cos − 1 { √a ( cot 2 2
θ+1)
}
acot θ
⇒ y = sin − 1 ( a cosecθ )
cos θ
⇒ y = cos − 1 ( ) sin θ
1
sin θ
⇒ y = cos − 1(cosθ)
⇒ y=θ
x
⇒ y = cot − 1 ( a ) [Since, x = acotθ ]
Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule,
dy 1 d x
dx
= x
2 dx (a )
1+ (a )
dy − a2 1
⇒ dx
=
a2 + x2
× (a )
dy −a
∴ =
dx a2 + x2
Q24. dy 6 Marks
Find dx
y = (tanx) cot x + (cotx) tan x
Ans: Here,
y = (tanx) cot x + (cotx) tan x
( tan x ) cot x ( cot x ) tan x
y = e log + e log
[Since, log ee = 1, loga b = bloga ]
y = e cot xlog tan x + e tan xlog ( cot x )
Differentiating it with respect to x using rule and product rule,
dy d d
dx
=
dx (e cot xlog tan x ) + dx (e tan xlog cot x )
d d
= e cot xlog tan x (cotxlogtanx) + e tan xlog cot x (tanxlogcotx)
dx dx
d d d d
[cotx dx logtanx + logtanx dx cotx ] + elog ( cot x ) [tanx dx logcotx + logcotx dx (tanx) ]
cot x tan x
= e log ( tan x )
1 d 1 d
= (tanx) cot x [cotx × (
tan x ) dx
(tanx) + logtanx( − cosec 2x) ] + (cotx) tan x [tanx ( (cotx) + logcotx (sec 2x ) ]
cot x ) dx
= (tanx) cot x [(1) (sec 2x ) − cosec 2xlogtanx ] + (cot) tan x [(1) ( − cosec 2x ) + sec 2xlogcotx ]
dy
= (tanx) cot x [sec 2x − cosec 2xlogtanx ] + (cot) tan x [sec 2xlogcotx − cosec 2x ]
dx
Q25. Discuss the continuity of the cosine, cosecant, secant and cotangent functions. 6 Marks
Ans: 1. Let a be an arbitrary real number then lim + f(x) ⇒ lim + cosx ⇒ lim cos(a + h)
x→a x→a h→0
lim lim lim
⇒ h→0
(cosacos h − sinasinh) = cosa h→0
cosh − sina h→0
sinh
= cosa × 1 − sina × 0 = cosa = f(a)
Lt
∴ x → af(x) = f(a) for all a ∈ R
Therefore, f(x0 is continuous at x = a.
Since, a is an arbitrary real number, therefore cosx is continuous.
1
2. f(x) = cosec x = sin x
and domain x = R − (xπ), x ∈ I
lim 1 1 1 1
⇒ x → a sinx = lim = lim = sinacos 0 + cos asin 0
h → 0sin (a + h) h → 0 ( sinacos h + cos asin h )
1 1
= = = f(a)
sina ( 1 ) + cos a ( 0 ) sin a
Therefore, f(x) is continuous at x = a.
Since, a is an arbitrary real number, therefore, f(x) = cosec x is continuous.
1 π
3. f(x) = secx = and domain x = R − (2x + 1) 2 , x ∈ I
cos x
lim 1 1 1 1
⇒x → a = lim
= lim
=
cosx cosacos 0 − sin asin 0
h → 0cos (a + h) h → 0 ( cosacos h − sin asin h )
1 1
= = = f(a)
cosa ( 1 ) − sin a ( 0 ) cos a
Since, a is an arbitrary real number, therefore, f(x) = sec x is continuous.
1
4. f(x) = cotx = and domain x = R − (xπ), x ∈ I
tan x
lim 1 1 1 1
⇒x → a = = tan a + tan h
= tan a + 0
tanx lim tan ( a + h )
h→0 lim
h→0
( 1 − tan atan h ) 1 − tan atan 0
1−0 1
tan a
= tan a
= f(a)
Therefore, f9x) is continuous at x = a.
Since, a is an arbitrary real number, therefore, f(x) = cotx is continuous.
Q26. If ysin(x x), prove that dy = cos(x x) × x x(1 + logx) 6 Marks
dx
Ans: Let y = sin(x x) . . . . . (i)

Also, Let u = x x . . . . . (ii)
Taking log on both sides,
⇒ logu = logx x
⇒ logu = xlogx
1 du d
= (xlogx)
u dx dx
1 du d d
⇒ =x (logx) + logx x
u dx dx dx
1 du 1
⇒ = x( ) + logx(1)
u dx x
1 du
⇒ = 1 + logx
u dx
du
⇒ = u(1 + logx)
dx
du
⇒ = x x(1 + logx) . . . . . (iii)
dx
[Using equation (ii)]
Now, using equation (ii) in equation (i),
y = sinu
dy d
= (sinu)
dx dx
dy du
⇒ = cosu dx
dx
Using equation (ii) and (iii),
dy
= cos(x x) × x x(1 + logx)
dx
1
+ x (1+ x )
1 x
(x + ) x
1
( x )x + x ( 1 + )
Ans: 1
Let y = x + x
1
Also, let (x + ) x and v = x ( 1 + )
1
x
x
∴y=u+v
dy du dv
⇒ = + . . . . (1)
dx dx dx
1
Then, u = x ( + x
x )
1 x
⇒ logu = log x + ( x )
1
⇒ logu = xlog x + ( x )
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain,
1 du d 1 d 1
u dx
⋅ = ( x ) + x × dx [log (x + x )]
dx
(x) × log x +
1 du 1 1 d 1
= 1 × log (x + ) + x × ⋅ (x + ) 1
u dx x dx x
(x+ ) x
du 1 x 1 x2 − 1
⇒ ( ) [log (x + x ) + x + 1 ]
dx
= x+
x 2
2
du 1 x −1 1
⇒ dx = (x + x )x [ + log (x + x )] 2
x +1
1
v = x (1+ x )
[ ]
1
⇒ logv = log x ( 1 + x )
1
⇒ logv = 1 + ( x )logx. . . . (2)
1 dv d 1 1 d
v
⋅ [ dx (1 + x )] × logx + (1 + x ) ⋅ dx logx
dx
=
1 dv 1 1 1
⇒ v dx = ( − )logx + (1 + x ) ⋅ x 2
x
1 dv log x 1 1
⇒ = − 2
+ +
v dx x x x2
dv − log x + x + 1
⇒
dx
=v [ x2 ]
dv 1 x + 1 − log x
⇒ dx
= x (1+ x ) ( x2
). . . . . (3)
Therefore, from (i), (ii) and (iii), we obtain
)[ )] + x ( 1 + ) ( x )
dy 1 x x2 − 1 1 1 x+1 − log x
dx
= x+( x x2 + 1
+ log x + ( x
x
2
Q28. 1 6 Marks
Differentiate sin − 1 (2x√1 − x 2 ) with respect to sec − 1 ( ), if:
√ +x
1 2
1
x∈ ( √2 , 1 )
Ans: Let u = sin − 1 2x 1 − x 2
( √ )
Put x = sinθ
⇒ u = sin − 1 2sinθ 1 − sin 2θ ( √ )
⇒u= sin − 1(2sinθcosθ)
⇒ u = sin − 1(sin2θ) . . . . . (i)
And,
1
Let v = sec − 1 ( √1 − x ) 2
1
⇒ v = sec − 1 ( √1 − sin θ ) 2
1
⇒ v = sec − 1 ( cos θ )
⇒ v = sec − 1(secθ)
⇒ v = cos − 1 ( ) [Since, sec

1
1
cos θ
−1
x = cos − 1 ( x )
1
]
⇒ v = cos − 1(cosθ) . . . . . (ii)
Here,
1
x∈ ( √2 , 1 )
1
⇒ sinθ ∈ ( , 1 )
√2
π π
⇒θ∈ ( , )
4 2
π π
[
u = 2θ Since, sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, if θ ∈ ( − 2 , 2 )]
Let, u = 2sin − 1x [Since, x = sinθ ]
du 1
dx
=2 ( √1 − x ) 2
du 2
⇒ = . . . . . (iii)
dx 2
√1 − x
And, from equation (ii),
v = θ [Since, cos − 1(cosθ) = θ, if θ ∈ [0, π] ]
⇒ v = sin − 1x [Since, x = sinθ ]
dv 1
= . . . . . (iv)
dx 1 − x2
√
du
dx 2 √ 1 − x2
dv = × 1
dx √1 − x 2
du
∴ =2
dv
Q29. Differentiate the function given in Exercise: 6 Marks
1
(xcosx) x + (xsinx) x
1
Ans:
Let y = (xcosx) x + (xsinx) x
1
Putting u = (xcosx) xand v(xsinx) x , we have y = u + v
dy du dv
∴ = + …(i)
dx dx dx
Now u = (xcosx) x ⇒ logu = log(xcosx) 2 = xlog(xcosx)
d d
⇒ logu = x(logx + logcosx) ⇒
dx
logu =
dx {x(logx + logcosx) }
1 du 1 1
⇒
u dx
=x [ x + cos x ( − sinx) ] + (logx + logcosx).1
du
⇒ = u[1 − xtanx + log(xcosx)]
dx
du
⇒ = (xcosx) x[1 − xtanx + log(xcosx)] … (ii)
dx
1 1 1
Again v = (xsinx) x ⇒ logv = log(xsinx) x = x log(xsinx)
1 d d 1
⇒ logv = x (logx + logsinx) ⇒ { x (logx + logsinx)}
dx
logv = dx
1 dv 1 1 1 −1
⇒ v dx
= x [ x + sin x . cosx ] + (logx + logsinx) ( ) 2
x
dv 1 cot x log ( xsin x )
⇒ dx
= v[ + x − 2 ] 2
x x
dv 1 cot x 1 log ( xsin x )
⇒ = (xsinx) [ + −
x
2 ] …(iii) 2
dx x x x
Putting the values from eq. (ii) and (iii) in eq. (i),
dy 1 1 cot x log ( xsin x
dx
= (xcosx) x[1 − xtanx + log(xcosx)] + (xsinx) x [x 2
+
x
−
x2
]
Q30. Verify Rolle's theorem for the following function on the indicated intervals 6 Marks
f(x) = (x - 1) (x - 2)2 on [1, 2]
Ans: Given:
f(x) = (x - 1)(x - 2)2
i.e. f(x) = x3 + 4x - 4x2 - x2 - 4 + 4x
i.e. f(x) = x3 - 5x2 + 8x - 4
We know that a polynominal function is everywhere derivable and hence continuous.
So, being a polynomial function, f(x) is continuous and derivable on [1, 2]
Also,
f(1) = (1)3 - 5(1)2 + 8(1) - 4 = 0
f(2) = (2)3 - 5(2)2 + 8(2) - 4 = 0
∴ f(1) = f(2) = 0
Thus, all the continuous of Rolle's theorem are satisfied.
Now, we have to show that there exists c ∈ (1, 2) such that f'(c) = 0.
We have,
f(x) = x3 + - 5x2 - 8x - 4
⇒ f'(x) = 3x2 + 8 - 10x
∴ f'(x) = 0 ⇒ 3x2 - 10x + 8 = 0
⇒ 3x2 - 6x - 4x + 8 = 0
⇒ 3x(x - 2) - 4(x - 2) = 0
⇒ (x - 2)(3x - 4)
4
⇒ x = 2,
3
Thus, c ∈ (1, 2) such that f'(c) = 0.
Hence, Rolle's theorem is verified.
Q31. 1 − y2 6 Marks
√
dy
If y 1 − x 2 + x 1 − y 2 = 1, prove that
√ √ = −
dx 1 − x2
Ans: We have, y 1 − x 2 + x 1 − y 2 = 1
√ √
Let x = sinA, y = sinB
⇒ sinB 1 − sin 2A + sinA 1 − sin 2B = 1
√ √
⇒ sinBcosA + sinAcosB = 1
[ ∵ sin(x + y) = sinxcosy + cosxsiny ]
⇒ sin (A + B ) = 1
⇒ A + B = sin − 1(1)
π
⇒ sin − 1x + sin − 1y = [ ∵ x = sinA, y = sinB ]
2
d d d π
⇒
dx (sin − 1x ) + dx (sin − 1y ) = dx 2( )
1 1 dy
⇒ + =0
2 2 dx
√1 − x √1 − y
1 − y2
√
dy
⇒ = −
dx 1 − x2

log {x + 2 + √ x2 + 4x + 1 }
Ans: Let y = log {x + 2 +

√x2 + 4x + 1 }
dy d
dx
=
dx[log {x + 2 + √x2 + 4x + 1 } ]
1 d 1
=
[ x + 2 + √x + 4x + 1 ]2dx [x + 2 + (x2 + 4x + 1 ) ] 2
[Using chain rule]
1 1 1 d
=
[ x + 2 + √x 4 + 4x + 1 ]
× 1+0+ [ 2 (x 2 + 4x + 1 ) 2 dx (x 2 + 4x + 1) ]
( 2x + 4 )
1+
2( √x2 + 4x + 1 )
=
[ x + 2 + √x 4 + 4x + 1 ]
√x 2 + 4x + 1 + x + 2
=
[ x + 2 + √x 2 + 4x + 1 ] × √x 2 + 4x + 1
1
= 2
√x + 4x + 1
So,
d 1
dx [log {x + 2 + √x2 + 4x + 1 } ] = √x + 4x + 1 2
Q33. Differentiate the following w.r.t. x: 6 Marks

√ 1 + x2 + √ 1 − x2
tan − 1 (√ 1+x − 2
√1 − x
2 ), − 1 < x < 1, x ≠ 0
Ans: √1 + x 2 + √1 − x 2
Let y = tan − 1 (√ 1 + x2 − √1 − x
2 )
Substituting x 2 = cos2θ, we get
√1 + cos 2θ + √1 − cos 2θ
y = tan − 1 (√ 1 + cos 2θ − √1 − cos 2θ )
√ 1 + 2cos 2 θ−1+ √1 − 1 + 2sin 2 θ
= tan − 1 (√ 1 + 2cos 2 θ − 1 − √1 − 1 + 2sin 2 θ
)
√2cos θ + √2sin θ
= tan − 1 (√ 2cos θ − √2sin θ )
2 ( cos θ + sin θ )
= tan − 1 [ √√ 2 ( cos θ − sin θ ) ]
cos θ + sin θ
= (
tan − 1 cos θ − sin θ )
cos θ + sin θ
= tan − 1 ( cos θ
cos θ − sin θ
cos θ
)
1 + tan θ
= tan − 1( 1 − tan θ )
π tan a + tan b
= tan − 1tan ( 4 + θ ) [ ∵ tan(a+b) = 1 − tan a ⋅ tan b ]
π π 1 1
∴ y= 4
+θ= 4
+ 2 cos − 1x 2 [∵ 2θ = cos − 1x 2 ⇒ θ = 2 cos − 1x 2 ]
dy 1 −1 d
⇒ dx
=0+ 2
⋅ ⋅ dx
x2
√1 − x 4
1 − 2x −x
= ⋅ =
2 1 − x4 1 − x4
√ √
dy
Find dx
of each of the functions expressed in parametric form.
Q34. 6 Marks
Show that f(x) =
{ 12x − 13,
2x 2 + 5,
if x ≤ 3
if x > 3
is differentiable at x = 3. Also, find f(3).
Ans:
Given: f(x) =
{ 12x − 13,
2x 2 + 5,
if x ≤ 3
if x > 3
We have to show that the given function is differentiable at x = 3.
We have,
f(x) − f ( 3 )
(LHL at x = 3) = lim x−3
x→3−
12(x) − 13 − 23
= lim
x−3
x→3
12x − 36
= lim
x−3
x→3
12 ( x − 3 )
= lim
x−3
x→3
= lim 12
x→3
= 12
f(x) − f ( 3 )
(RHL at x = 3) = lim x−3
x→3+
2
2x + 5 − 23
= lim x−3
x→3
2
2x − 18
= lim x−3
x→3
2 ( x2 − 9 )
= lim x−3
x→3
= lim 2(x + 3)
x→3
=2×6
= 12
Thus, (LHL at x = 3) = (RHL at x = 3) = 12.
So, f(x) is differentiable at x = 3 and f(3) = 12.
Q35. 2x 1 − x2 6 Marks
Differentiate cos − 1 2
with respect to cos − 1(1+x ) ( 1 + x ), if 0 < x < 1
2
Ans: Let u = sin − 1 2x

(1+x ) 2
Put x = tanθ,
2tan θ
u = sin − 1 ( 1 + tan θ )2
u= sin − 1(sin2θ) . . . . . (i)

1 − x2
Let v = cos − 1
1 + x2
( )
1 − tan 2 θ
= cos − 1 (
1 + tan 2 θ )
−1
v = cos (cos2θ) . . . . . (ii)
Here, 0 < x < 1
0 < tanθ < 1
π
⇒0<θ< 4
π π
[
u = 2θ Since,sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, if θ ∈ [ 2 , 2 ]]
π
u = 2tan − 1x [Since, x = tan 2 ]
dv 2
= . . . . . (iii)
dx 1 + x2
From equation (ii),
v = 2θ [since,cos − 1(cosθ) = θ, if θ ∈ [0, π] ]
v = 2tan − 1x[since,x = tanθ]
dv 2
= . . . . . (iv)
dx 1 + x2
du
dx 2 ( 1 + x2 )
dv = 2 × 2
(1+x )
dx
du
=1
dv
Q36. 2x dy π 6 Marks
If y = {log cos xsinx }{log sin xcosx } − 1 + sin − 1 ( 1 + x 2 ), find dx
at x = 4
Ans: We have, y = 2x
{log cos xsinx }{log sin xcosx } − 1 + sin − 1 ( 1 + x 2 )
2x
⇒ y {log cos xsinx }{log cos xsinx } + sin − 1 ( 1 + x ) [ ∵ logab = (logba) − 1 ]
2
log sin x 2 2x log b
⇒y= [ log cos x ] + sin − 1 (1+x 2 ) [ ∵ logab = log a ]
d d log sin x 2 d 2x
dx
= [
dx log sin x ( )} ] +
dx {
sin − 1
1 + x2
d log sin x 1 d log sin x d 2x
= 2[
log sin x ] dx ( log sin x ) [ ]
⇒ + ×
dx 2x dx 1 + x 2
−1
d
√ ( 1+x ) 2
2
d
( log cos x ) dx ( log sin x ) − log sin x dx ( log cos x )
[ log sin x ] [ ]
d log sin x ( 1 + x2 ) ( 1 + x 2 ) ( 2 ) − ( 2x ) ( 2x )
⇒
dx
=2
( log cos x ) 3
+ [ √1 + z − 2x ][
2 2 ( 1 + x2 )3 ]
1 d 1 d
log cos × sin x dx ( sin x ) − log sin x × cos x dx ( cos x )
[ log cos x ] [ ] + [√
dy log sin x ( 1 + x2 ) ( 1 + x 2 ) ( 2 ) − ( 2x ) ( 2x )
⇒
dx
=2
( log cos x )3 1 + x 4 − 2x 2
][ ( 1 + x2 )2 ]
cos x sin x
log cos x ( sin x ) + log sin x × ( cos x )
[ log cos x ] [ ] + [√
dy log sin x 1 + x2 2 + 2x 2 − 4x 2
⇒
dx
=2
( log cos x )2 (1−x ) 2 3 ][ ( 1 + x2 )2 ]
dy log sin x 2
⇒ =2 (cosxlogcosx + tanxlogsinx) +
dx ( log cos x ) 3 1 + x2
π
Put x = 4
π
{ }(
log sin 4
⇒
dy
dx
=2
( log cos 4 ) 3
π
π π
cot 4 logcos 4 + tan 4 logsin 4 + 2
π π
) { 1+
1
( 4 )2
π }
⇒
dy
dx
=2 { ( log
1
1
√2
) 2 }( 1 × log
√2
1
+ 1 × log
√2
1
) + 2 ( 16 + π )
16
2
dy
2log ( √2 ) 32
⇒ =2 1
+
dx 16 + π 2
{ log ( √2 ) } 2
dy 1 32
⇒ =4 1
+
dx 16 + π 2
log ( √2 )
dy 1 32
⇒ =4 1
+
dx
− 2 log 2 16 + π 2
dy 8 32
⇒ = − +
dx log 2 16 + π 2
dy 4 1
So, ( dx ) a = π
4
=8 [ 16 + π 2 − log 2 ]
Q37. Differentiate w.r.t. x the function in Exercise: 6 Marks
2 2
xx − 3 + (x − 3) x , for x > 3
2−3 2
Ans: Let y = x x + (x − 3) x
2 2
Also, let u = x x − 3 and v = (x − 3) x
∴ y=u+v
dy du dv
dx
= dx dx
+ …(1)
2
u= xx − 3
2
∴ logu = log(x x − 3)
logu = (x 2 − 3)logx
Differentiating with respect to x, we obtain
1 du d d
u
⋅ dx
= logx. dx
(x 2 − 3) + (x 2 + 3) ⋅ dx
(logx)
1 du 1
⇒ u dx
= logx ⋅ 2x + (x 2 − 3) ⋅ x
⇒
du
dx
= xx
2−3
⋅ [ x2 − 3
x
+ 2xlogx ]
Also,
2
v = (x − 3) x
2
∴ logv = log(x − 3) x
⇒ logv = − 3) x 2log(x
1 dv d d
⋅ = log(x − 3) ⋅ (x 2) + x 2 ⋅ [log(x − 3) ]
v dx dx dx
1 dv 1 d
⇒ = log(x − 3) ⋅ 2x + x 2 ⋅ ⋅ (x − 3)
v dx x−3 dx
⇒
dv
dx [
= v 2xlog(x − 3) +
x2
x−3
⋅1 ]
⇒
dv
dx
= (x − 3) x
2
[ x2
x−3
+ 2xlog(x − 3) ]
du dv
Substituting the expressions of dx
and dx
in equation (1), we obtain
[ ] [ ]
2
dy 2
−3 x −3 xx
dx
= xx x
+ 2xlogx + (x − 3) x x−3
+ 2xlog(x − 3)

(x + 1) 2(x + 2) 3(x + 3) 4
Ans: Let y = (x + 1) 2(x + 2) 3(x + 3) 4

∴ logy = log {(x + 1) 2 ⋅ (x + 2) 3(x + 3) 4 }
= log(x + 1) 2 + log(x + 2) 3 + log(x + 3) 4
d dy d d d
and dy
logy ⋅
dx
=
dx [2log(x + 1) ] + dx [3log(x + 2) ] + dx [4log(x + 3) ]
1 dy 2 d 1 d 1 d d 1
y
⋅
dx
=
(x+1)
⋅
dx
(x + 1) + 3 ⋅
(x+2)
⋅
dx
(x + 2) + 4 ⋅
(x+3)
⋅
dx [
(x + 3) ∵
dx
(logx) =
x ]
2 3 4
= [x+1 + x+2 + x+3 ]
dy 2 3 4
= y[
x+3 ]
∴ + +
dx x+1 x+2
2 3 4
= (x + 1) 2 ⋅ (x + 2) 3 ⋅ (x + 3) 4 [
x+3 ]
+ +
x+1 x+2
= (x + 1) 2 ⋅ (x + 2) 3 ⋅ (x + 3) 4
[ 2(x+2) (x+3) +3(x+1) (x+3) +4(x+1) (x+2)

(x+1) (x+2) (x+3) ]
2 3 4
(x+1) (x+2) (x+3)
=
(x+1) (x+2) (x+3)
[2(x 2 + 5x + 6) + 3(x 2 + 4x + 3) + 4(x 2 + 3x + 2) ]
= (x + 1)(x + 2) 2(x + 3) 3
[2x 2 + 10x + 12 + 3x 2 + 12x + 9 + 4x 2 + 12x + 8 ]
= (x + 1)(x + 2) 2(x + 3) 3 [9x 2 + 34x + 29 ]
Q39. dx 6 Marks
If x√1 + y + y√1 + x = 0, prove that (1 + x) 2 dx + 1 = 0
Ans: We have x√1 + y + y√1 + x = 0

⇒ x√1 + y = − y√1 + x
Squaring both sides, we get,
⇒ (x√1 + y ) 2 = ( − y√1 + x ) 2
⇒ x 2 (1 + y ) = y 2(1 + x )
⇒ x 2 + x 2y = y 2 + y 2x
⇒ x 2 − y 2 = y 2x − x 2y
⇒ (x − y)(x + y) = xy(y − x)
⇒ (x + y) = − xy
⇒ y + xy = − x
⇒ y(1 + x) = − x
−x
⇒y= (1+x)
d d
− ( 1 + x ) dx ( x ) − ( − x ) dx ( x + 1 )
⇒
dy
dx
= [ ( 1 + x )2 ]
dy − (1+x) (1) +x(1)
⇒ [ (1+x)
dx
= 2 ]
dy
−1−x+x
⇒ dx = [ ] 2
(1+x)
dy −1
⇒ =
dx ( 1 + x )2
⇒ (1 + x) 2 dy = −1
dx
⇒ (1 + x) 2 dy +1=0
dx
Q40. Find the local maxima and local minima, if any, of the following function. Also find the local maximum and the local minimum values, as the case may be: 6 Marks
1 π
f(x) = sinx + 2 cos2x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
Ans: f(x) = sinx + 1 cos2x,

2
⇒ f ′ (x) = cosx − sin2x
f ′x = 0
⇒ cosx − 2sinxcosx = 0
⇒ cosx(1 − 2sinx) = 0
π π
⇒x= 2
or x = 6
π π
x= 6
∈ 0, ( 2)
f ″ (x)
= − sinx − 2cos2x
\text{f}''\Big(\frac{\pi}{6}\Big)<0\Rightarrow\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{6} is a local maxima.
Local Max. Value =\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{6}\Big)=\frac{3}{4}
Local extreme values do exist at end points \text{x}=0,\ \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2} but no marks are alotted here for that.
\frac{3\text{x}^2\sin\text{x}}{\sqrt{7-\text{x}^2}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\frac{3\text{x}^2\sin\text{x}}{\sqrt{7-\text{x}^2}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\bigg\{\frac{3\text{x}^2\sin\text{x}}{(\sqrt{7-\text{x}^2})^\frac{1}{2}}\bigg\}
=\frac{(7-\text{x}^2)^\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x}^3\sin\text{x})-(3\text{x}^2\sin\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(7-\text{x}^2)^\frac{1}{2}}{\Big[(7-
\text{x}^2)^\frac{1}{2}\Big]^2}
[Using quotient rule, chain rule and product rule]
\Bigg[\frac{(7-\text{x}^2)^\frac{1}{2}\times3\Big[\text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2)\Big]-3\text{x}^2\sin\text{x}\times\frac{1}
{2}(7-\text{x}^2)\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(7-\text{x}^2)}{(7-\text{x}^2)}\Bigg]
\Bigg[\frac{(7-\text{x}^2)^\frac{1}{2}3(\text{x}^2\cos\text{x}+2\text{x}\sin\text{x})-3\text{x}^2\sin\text{x}\times\frac{1}{2}(7-\text{x}^2)^\frac{-1}{2}(-2\text{x})}{(7-\text{x}^2)}\Bigg]
=\Bigg[\frac{(7-\text{x}^2)^\frac{1}{2}\times3(\text{x}^2\cos+2\text{x}\sin\text{x})}{(7-\text{x}^2)}+\frac{3\text{x}^2\sin\text{x}(7-\text{x}^2)^\frac{-1}{2}}{(7-\text{x}^2)}\Bigg]
\bigg[\frac{6\text{x}\sin\text{x}+3\text{x}^2\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{(7-\text{x}^2)}}+\frac{3\text{x}^3\sin\text{x}}{(7-\text{x}^2)^\frac{3}{2}}\bigg]
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{3\text{x}^2\sin\text{x}}{\sqrt{7-\text{x}^2}}\Big)\bigg[\frac{6\text{x}\sin\text{x}+3\text{x}^2\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{(7-
\text{x}^2)}}+\frac{3\text{x}^3\sin\text{x}}{(7-\text{x}^2)^\frac{3}{2}}\bigg]
Q42. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}, when 6 Marks
\text{x}=\text{e}^{\theta}\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)\text{ and y}=\text{e}^{-\theta}\Big(\theta-\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\text{e}^\theta\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)

\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{e}^\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)+\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}
(\text{e}^\theta)
[Using product rule]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{e}^\theta\Big(1-\frac{1}{\theta^{2}}\Big)+\Big(\frac{\theta^{2}+1}{\theta}\Big)\text{e}^{\theta}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{e}^{\theta}\Big(1-\frac{1}{\theta^{2}}+\frac{\theta^{2}+1}{\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{e}^\theta\Big(\frac{\theta^{2}-1+\theta^{3}+\theta}{\theta{2}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{e}^\theta(\theta^{3}+\theta^{2}+\theta-1)}{\theta^{2}}\ .....(\text{i})
And, \text{y}=\text{e}^\theta\Big(\theta-\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)
Q43. If the functions f(x), defined below is continuous at x = 0, find the value of k. 6 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{2\text{x}^2},&\text{x}<0\\\text{k},&\text{x}=0\\\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|},&\text{x}>0\end{cases}
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{2\text{x}^2},&\text{x}<0\\\text{k},&\text{x}=0\\\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|},&\text{x}>0\end{cases}

\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{2\text{x}^2},&\text{x}<0\\\text{k},&\text{x}=0\\1,&\text{x}>0\end{cases}
We have,
(\text{LHL at x}= 0)=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{1-\cos2(-\text{h})}{2(-\text{h})^2}\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{1-\cos2\text{h}}{2\text{h}^2}\Big)
=\frac{1}{2}\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{2\sin^2\text{h}}{\text{h}^2}\Big)
=\frac{2}{2}\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\sin^2\text{h}}{\text{h}^2}\Big)
=\frac{2}{2}\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\sin^2\text{h}}{\text{h}}\Big)^2
=1\times1
=1
(\text{RHL at x}= 0)=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\text{f(h)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}(1)=1
Also, \text{f}(0)=\text{k}
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0^+}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow1=1=\text{k}
Hence, the required value of k is 1
Q44. If yx + xy + xx = ab, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 6 Marks
Ans: Given that yx + xy + xx = ab

Putting u = yx, v = xy and w = xx, we get u + v + w = ab
Therefore \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}=0\ .....(\text{i})
Now, u = yx. Taking logrithm on both sides, we have
\log\text{u}=\text{x}\log\text{y}
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have
\frac{1}{\text{u}}\times\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{y})+\log\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
=\text{x}\frac{1}{\text{y}}\times\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}\times1
So, \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}\Big)=\text{y}^\text{x}\Big[\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}\Big]\ .....(\text{ii})
Also v = xy
Taking logarithm on both sides, we have
\log\text{v}=\text{y}\log\text{x}
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have
\frac{1}{\text{v}}\times\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
=\text{y}\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\times\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
So, \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{v}\Big[\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\times\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
=\text{x}^\text{y}\Big[\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\times\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
Again w = xx
Taking logarithm on both sides, we have
\log\text{w}=\text{x}\log\text{x}
Differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we have
\frac{1}{\text{w}}\times\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
=\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\times1
i.e. \frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}=\text{w}(1+\log\text{x})
=\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})\ .....(\text{iv})
From (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), we have
\text{y}^\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}\Big)+\text{x}^\text{y}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big) \\
+\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})=0
\big(\text{x}\times\text{y}^{\text{x}-1}+\text{x}^\text{y}\times\log\text{x}\big) \\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})-\text{y}\times\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}-
\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}=0
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\big[\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}+\text{y}\times\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}+\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})\big]}
{\text{x}\times\text{y}^{\text{x}-1}+\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{y}}
\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
Ans: We have, \frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}

By rationalising we get,
\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}\times\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
=\frac{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}\big)^2}{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\big)^2-\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}\big)^2}
=\frac{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\big)^2+\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}\big)^2+2\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\big)\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}\big)}{\text{x}^2+1-\text{x}^2+1}
=\frac{\text{x}^2+1+\text{x}^2-1+2\sqrt{\text{x}^4-1}}{2}
=\frac{2\text{x}^2+2\sqrt{\text{x}^4-1}}{2}
=\text{x}^2+\sqrt{\text{x}^4-1}
Now, Let \text{y}=\text{x}^2+\sqrt{\text{x}^4-1}
Differentiate it with respect to x we get,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2+\sqrt{\text{x}^4-1}\big)
=2\text{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^4-1}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^4-1)
=2\text{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^4-1}}\times(4\text{x}^3)
=2\text{x}+\frac{2\text{x}^3}{\sqrt{\text{x}^4-1}}
Q46. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of the f(x) = |x| + |x - 1| in the interval (-1, 2). 6 Marks
Ans: f(x) = |x| + |x - 1| in the interval (-1, 2).

\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}+\text{x}+1 & -1<\text{x}<0\\1 & 0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\-\text{x}-\text{x}+1&1<\text{x}<2\end{cases}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x}+1 & -1<\text{x}<0\\1 & 0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\-2\text{x}+1&1<\text{x}<2\end{cases}
We know that a polynomial and a constant function is continuous and differentiable everywhere.
So, f(x) is continuous and differentiable for \text{x}\in(-1,0),\text{x}\in(0,1) and (1, 2).
We need to check continuitly and differentiability at x = 0 and x = 1
Continuity at x = 0
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}2\text{x}+1=1
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}1=1
\text{f(0)}=1
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(x)}
\therefore f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
Continuity at x = 1
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}1=1
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}1=1
\text{f(x)}=1
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(1)
\therefore f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
Q47. Show that the function \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}|2\text{x}-3||\text{x}|, & \text{x}\geq1\\\sin\Big(\frac{\pi\text{x}}{2}\Big),& \text{x}>1\end{cases} is continuous but not differentiable at x 6 Marks
= 1.
Ans: Given: \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}|2\text{x}-3||\text{x}|, & \text{x}\geq1\\\sin\Big(\frac{\pi\text{x}}{2}\Big),& \text{x}>1\end{cases}

Continuity at x = 1:
(LHL at x = 1) = \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(1-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\sin\Big(\frac{\pi(1-\text{h})}
{2}\Big)=\sin\frac{\pi}{2}=1
(RHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(1+\text{h})
\Rightarrow\ \lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}|2(1+\text{h})-3|[1+\text{h}]=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}|2(1+\text{h})-3|=1
Hence, (LHL at x = 1) = (RHL at x = 1)
Differentiable at x = 1:
(LHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}
(LHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(1-\text{h})-\text{f}(1)}{1-\text{h}-1}
(LHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(1-\text{h})-\text{f}(1)}{-\text{h}}
(LHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin\Big(\frac{\pi(1-\text{h})}{2}\Big)-1}{-\text{h}}
(LHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\cos\frac{\pi\text{h}}{2}-1}{-\text{h}}
(LHL at x = 1) =-\frac{\pi}{2}\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\cos\frac{\pi\text{h}}{2}-1}{\frac{\pi}{2}\text{h}}=0
(RHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}
(RHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(1+\text{h})-\text{f}(1)}{1+\text{h}-1}
(RHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(1+\text{h})-\text{f}(1)}{\text{h}}
(RHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-(2(1+\text{h})-3)-1}{\text{h}}
(RHL at x = 1) =\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-2\text{h}}{\text{h}}=-2
\text{LHL}\neq\text{RHL}
Hence, the function is continuous but not differentiable at x = 1.
Q48. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the line y = 3x + 2, the x-axis and the ordinates x = -2 and x = 1. 6 Marks
Ans:
Required Area =\Big|\int\limits_{-2}^{\frac{-2}{3}}(3\text{x}+2)\text{dx}\Big|\int\limits^{1}_{\frac{-2}{3}}(3\text{x}+2)\text{dx}

=\bigg|\frac{+(3\text{x}+2)}{6}\bigg|^\frac{-2}{3}_{2}+\frac{(3\text{x}+2)}{6}\bigg|_{\frac{-2}{3}}^1
=\frac{8}{3}+\frac{25}{6}
=\frac{41}{6}
\log\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}}
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\log\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}}

\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\log\Big(\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)^\frac{1}{2}
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\log\Big(\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big) \big[\text{Using }\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentiate with respect to x we get,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\frac{1}{2}\log\Big(\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)\Big\}
=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{1}{\Big(\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1+\cos\text{x}}{1-\cos\text{x}}\Big)\bigg[\frac{(1+\cos\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\cos\text{x})-(1-\cos\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\cos\text{x})}
{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\bigg]
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1+\cos\text{x}}{1-\cos\text{x}}\Big)\bigg[\frac{(1+\cos\text{x})(\sin\text{x})-(1-\cos\text{x})(-\sin\text{x})}{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\bigg]
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1+\cos\text{x}}{1-\cos\text{x}}\Big)\Big[\frac{\sin\text{x}+\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\Big]
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1+\cos\text{x}}{1-\cos\text{x}}\Big)\Big[\frac{2\sin\text{x}}{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\Big]
=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{(1-\cos\text{x})(1+\cos\text{x})}
=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1-\cos^2\text{x}}
=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\sin^2\text{x}}
=\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}
=\text{cosec x}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\log\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}}\Big)=\text{cosec x}
Q50. Differentiate (\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}} with respect to (\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}} 6 Marks
Ans: Let, \text{u} = (\cos)^{\sin\text{x}}
\log\text{u} = \log(\cos\text{x})^{\sin \text{x}}
\Rightarrow \log\text{u} = \sin \text{x}\log(\cos\text{x})
Differentiating it with respect to x using rule,
\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\sin \text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\cos\text{x})+\log \cos \text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})
[using product rule]
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\sin \text{x}\big(\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}(\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}[(\tan\text{x})\times(-\sin\text{x})+\log\log\text{x}(\cos\text{x})]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}[\cos\text{x}\log\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\tan\text{x}]\ .....\text{(i)}
Let, \text{v = }(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}
\log\text{v}=\log(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{v}=\cos\text{x}\log(\sin\text{x})
\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})
[using product rule]
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}\big(\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}(-\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{v}[\cot\text{x}(\cos \text{x})-\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}[\cot \text{x} (\cos \text{x})-\sin \text{x}\log\sin\text{x}]\ ...(\text{ii})
Dividing equation (i) by (ii)
\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}[\cos \text{x}\log\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\tan\text{x ]}}{(\sin\text{x})^{\cot\text{x}}[\cot \text{x}(\cos\text{x})-
\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}]}
\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big),-1<\text{x}<1
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)

Put \text{x}=\cos\theta
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\cos\theta+\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big\}
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\cos\theta+\sin\theta}{\sqrt{2}}\Big\}
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\cos\theta\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)+\sin\theta\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)\Big\}
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\cos\theta\cos\frac{\pi}{2}+\sin\theta\sin\frac{\pi}{2}\Big\}
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\cos\Big(\theta-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)\Big\}\ .....(\text{i})
Here, -1<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow -1<\cos\theta<1
\Rightarrow\frac{3\pi}{4}<\theta<\frac{5\pi}{4}
\Rightarrow\Big(\frac{3\pi}{4}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)<\Big(\theta-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)<\frac{5\pi}{4}-\frac{\pi}{4}
\Rightarrow\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)<\Big(\theta-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)<\pi
\text{y}=\Big(\theta-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)\ \big[\text{Since}, \cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in[0,\pi]\big]
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{4}\big[\text{Since, x}=\sin\theta\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}+0
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
Q52. If \text{y}^\text{x}=\text{e}^{\text{x}-\text{e}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(1+\log\text{y})^2}{\log\text{y}} 6 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}^\text{x}=\text{e}^{\text{y}-\text{x}},

\Rightarrow\ \log\text{y}^\text{x}=\log^{\text{y}-\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}\log\text{y}=\text{y}-\text{x}\log_\text{e}=(\text{y}-\text{x}) [\because\log_\text{e}=1]
\Rightarrow\ \log\text{y}=\frac{(\text{y}-\text{x})}{\text{x}}\ \ \dots(\text{i})
Now, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dy}}\log\text{y}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\frac{(\text{y}-\text{x})}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}-\text{x})-(\text{y}-\text{x})\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}}
{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-1\Big)-(\text{y}-\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{x}-\text{y}+\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{y}}-\text{x}\Big)=-\text{y}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{y}^2}{\text{x}^2-\text{xy}}=\frac{-\text{y}^2}{\text{x}(\text{x}-\text{y})}
=\frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{x}(\text{y}-\text{x})}\cdot\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}}=\frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{x}^2}\cdot\frac{1}{\frac{(\text{y}-\text{x})}{\text{x}}}
=\frac{(1+\log\text{y})^2}{\log\text{y}} \Big[\because\log\text{y}=\frac{\text{y}-\text{x}}{\text{x}}\log\text{y}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}-1\Rightarrow1+\log\text{y}=\frac{\text{y}}
{\text{x}}\Big]
Hence proved.
\log\cos\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{f(x)} = \log \cos \text{x}

\Rightarrow\ \text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})=\log\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})
\therefore \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\{\text{f(x)}\}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})=\text{f(x)}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\log\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})-\log\cos\text{x}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\log^{\log(\text{x}+\text{h})}_{\cos\text{x}}}{\text{h}}\ \Big[\because\ \log\text{A}-\log\text{B}=\log\Big(\frac{\text{A}}{\text{B}}\Big)\Big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\log\Big[1+\left\{\frac{\cos(\text{z}+\text{h})}{\cos\text{z}}-1\right\}\Big]}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\log\left\{1+\frac{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})-\cos\text{z}}{\cos\text{z}}\right\}}{\left\{\frac{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})-\cos\text{x}}
{\cos\text{x}}\right\}}\times\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\left\{\frac{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})-\cos\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}\right\}
=1\times\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})-\cos\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}\times\text{h}}\ \Big[\because\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\log(1+\text{x})}
{\text{x}}=1\Big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-2\sin\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\text{h}+\text{x}}{2}\Big)\sin\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\text{h}+\text{x}}{2}\Big)}{\cos\text{x}\times\text{h}}
=-2\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin\Big(\frac{2\text{x}+\text{h}}{2}\Big)\times\sin\big(\frac{\text{h}}{2}\big)}{2\cos\text{x}\times\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)}
=\frac{-2\sin\text{x}}{2\cos\text{x}}\Big[\because \lim\limits\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}=1\Big]
=-\tan\text{x}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\cos\text{x})=-\tan\text{x}
Q54. If \text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\text{t}+\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2})\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{a}(\sin\text{t}),evaluate \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\ \text{at}\ \text{t}=\frac{\pi}{3}. 6 Marks
Ans: We have,
\text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\text{t}+\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2})\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{a}(\sin\text{t}),
On differentiating with respect to t, we get
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big[\text{a}\Big(\cos\text{t}+\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}\Big)\Big]=\text{a}\Bigg(-\sin\text{t}+\frac{1}{\tan\frac{\text{t}}
{2}}\times\sec^2\frac{\text{t}}{2}\times\frac{1}{2}\Bigg)
=\text{a}\Bigg(-\sin\text{t}+\frac{1}{2\sin\frac{\text{t}}{2}\cos\frac{\text{t}}{2}}\Bigg)=\text{a}\Big(-\sin\text{t}+\frac{1}{\sin\text{t}}\Big)
=\text{a}\Big(\frac{-\sin^2\text{t}+1}{\sin\text{t}}\Big)=\text{a}\Big(\frac{\cos^2\text{t}}{\sin\text{t}}\Big)
And
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{a}\sin\text{t})=\text{a}\cos\text{t}
Now, \Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dX}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{\text{a}\cos\text{t}}{\text{a}\frac{\cos^2\text{t}}{\sin\text{t}}}=\tan\text{t}
Therefore
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan(\text{t}))
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\tan(\text{t}))\times\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\sec^2\text{t}\times\frac{\sin\text{t}}{\text{a}\cos^2\text{t}}
=\Big(\frac{\sin\text{t}}{\text{a}\cos^4\text{t}}\Big)
\Big(\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\Big)_{\text{t}=\frac{\pi}{3}}=\Bigg(\frac{\sin\Big(\frac{\pi}{3}\Big)}{\text{a}\cos^4\Big(\frac{\pi}{3}\Big)}\Bigg)=\frac{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}
{\text{a}\Big(\frac{1}{16}\Big)}=\frac{8\sqrt{3}}{\text{a}}
Hence, \text{at}\ \text{t}=\frac{\pi}{3},\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{8\sqrt{3}}{\text{a}}
Q55. If \text{y}=\text{a}\{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^\text{n}+\text{b}\{\text{x}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^{-\text{n},} prove that (\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}} 6 Marks
{\text{dx}^2}+\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{n}^2\text{y}=0.
Ans: We have
\text{y}=\text{a}\{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^\text{n}+\text{b}\{\text{x}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^{-\text{n},}
Differentiating y with respect to x, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{an}\{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^{\text{n}-1}\Big(1+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\times2\text{x}}\Big)-\text{bn}\{\text{x}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^{-
\text{n}-1}\Big(1-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\times2\text{x}}\Big)
=\text{an}\{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^{\text{n}-1}\Big(1+\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big)-\text{bn}\{\text{x}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^{-\text{n}-1}\Big(1-\frac{\text{x}}
{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big)
=\text{an}\{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^{\text{n}-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big)-\text{bn}\{\text{x}-
\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^{\text{n}-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big)
=\text{an}\{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^{\text{n}-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big)+\text{bn}\{\text{x}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^{-
\text{n}-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big)
=\Big\{\text{a}\{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\}^\text{n}\Big(\frac{\text{n}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big)+\text{b}\{\text{x}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\Big\}^{-\text{n}}\Big(\frac{\text{n}}
{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big)
=\Big(\frac{\text{n}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big)\text{y}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{ny}
Squaring both sides, we get
(\text{x}^2+1)\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=\text{n}^2\text{y}^2...(2)
Differentiating (2) with respect to x , we get
(\text{x}^2+1)2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\times\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+2\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=\text{n}^2\Big(2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^2+1)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\text{n}^2(\text{y})
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^2+1)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\text{n}^2\text{y}=0
Hence, (\text{x}^2+1)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\text{n}^2\text{y}=0
Q56. If xx + yx = 1, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\Big\{\frac{\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})+\text{y}^\text{x}\times\log\text{y}}{\text{x}\times\text{y}^{\text{x}-1}}\Big\} 6 Marks
Ans: Here,
xx + y x = 1
\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\log\text{y}^\text{x}}=1
\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{y}}=1
\big[\text{Since},\text{e}^{\log\text{a}}=\text{a}.\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentiating it with respect to x using product rule and chain rule,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{y}}\big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1)
\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{x})+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{y})=0
\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big] \\
+\text{e}^{\log\text{y}^\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{y})+\log\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]=0
\text{x}^\text{x}\Big[\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}(1)\Big]+\text{y}^\text{x}\Big[\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{y}}\Big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}(1)\Big]=0
\text{x}^\text{x}[1+\log\text{x}]+\text{y}^\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}\Big)=0
\text{y}^\text{x}\times\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\big[\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})+\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}\big]
\big(\text{xy}^{\text{x}-1}\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\big[\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})+\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\Big[\frac{\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})+\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}}{\text{xy}^{\text{x}-1}}\Big]
(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}+(\text{x}\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}+(\text{x}\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}

Also, \text{u}=(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\text{ and }\text{v}(\text{x}\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\therefore\ \text{y}=\text{u}+\text{v}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\ .....(\text{i})
Now, \text{u}=(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\log(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\text{x}\log(\text{x}\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\text{x}\big[\log\text{x}+\log\cos\text{x}\big]
\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\text{x}\log\text{x}+\text{x}\log\cos\text{x}
Differentiate both sides with respect to x,
\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big[\Big\{\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})\Big\} \\ +\Big\
{\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\cos\text{x})\Big\}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\Big(\log\text{x}(1)+\text{x}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)\Big) \\ +\Big\{\log\cos\text{x}(1)+\text{x}\frac{1}
{\cos\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})\Big\}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[(\log\text{x}+1)+\Big\{\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}(-\sin\text{x})\Big\}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\big[(1+\log\text{x})+(\log\cos\text{x}-\text{x}\tan\text{x})\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\big[1-\text{x}\tan\text{x}+(\log\text{x}+\log\cos\text{x})\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\big[1-\text{x}\tan\text{x}+\log(\text{x}\cos\text{x})\big]\ .....(\text{ii})
Again, \text{v}=(\text{x}\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{v}=\log(\text{x}\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{v}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log(\text{x}\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\log\text{v}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}(\log\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\log\text{v}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\sin\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\text{x}\Big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log(\sin\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\Big[\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})\Big] \\
+\Big[\log(\sin\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\log(\sin\text{x})\big\}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\Big[\log\text{x}\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)+\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\Big] \\
+\Big[\log(\sin\text{x})\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big(\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}(1-\log\text{x})+\Big[-\frac{\log(\sin\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}+\frac{1}{\text{x}\sin\text{x}}(\cos\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}\sin\text{x})^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\Big[\frac{1-\log\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}+\frac{\log(\sin\text{x}+\text{x}\cos\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big[\frac{1-\log\text{x}-\log(\sin\text{x})+\text{x}\cot\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big[\frac{1-\log(\text{x}\sin\text{x})+\text{x}\cot\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}\Big]\ .....(\text{iii})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\big[1-\text{x}\tan\text{x}+\log(\text{x}\cos\text{x})\big]\\+(\text{x}\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}} \Big[\frac{\text{x}\cot\text{x}+1-
\log(\text{x}\sin\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}\Big]
Q58. Differentiate \sin^{-1}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2} with respect to \cot^2\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big), if 0 < x < 1. 6 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)

Put \text{x}=\cos\theta\Rightarrow\theta=\cos^{-1}\text{x},\text{ so}
\text{u}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
And,
Let \text{v}=\cot^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)
=\cot^{-1}\Big(\frac{\cot\theta}{\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}}\Big)
=\cot^{-1}\Big(\frac{\cos\theta}{\sin\theta}\Big)
\text{v}=\cot^{-1}(\cot\theta)\ .....(\text{ii})
Here, 0<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow0<\cos\theta<1
\Rightarrow0<\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}
\text{u}=\theta\Big[\text{Since,}\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\text{u}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{iii})
From equation (ii),
\text{v}=\theta\big[\text{Since,}\cot^{-1}(\cot\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in(0,\pi) \big]
\text{v}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{iv})
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\times\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{-1}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=1
\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{f(x)}=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}

\Rightarrow\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})=\text{e}^{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})}
\therefore\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{f(x)})=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})-\text{f}(\text{x})}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\text{e}^{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})-\cos\text{x}}-1}{\text{h}}\Big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{ e}^{\cos\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\text{e}^{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})-\cos\text{x}}-1}{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})-
\cos\text{x}}\Big]\times\frac{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})-\cos\text{x}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{ e}^{\cos\text{x}}\times\Big(\frac{\cos(\text{x}+\text{h})-\cos\text{x}}{\text{h}}\Big)
\Big[\text{Since},\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}-1}{\text{x}}=1\Big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\ \text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}\times\bigg(\frac{-2\sin\frac{\text{x}+\text{h}+\text{x}}{2}\times\sin\frac{\text{x}+\text{h}-\text{x}}{2}}{\text{h}}\bigg)
\begin{bmatrix} \cos\text{A}-\cos\text{B}=-2\sin\frac{\text{A}+\text{B}}{2}\sin\frac{\text{A}-\text{B}}{2} \end{bmatrix}
=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\sin\Big(\frac{2\text{x}+\text{h}}{2}\Big)}{2}\times\frac{\sin\Big(\frac{\text{h}}{2}\Big)}{\frac{\text{h}}{2}}
=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}\lim\limits-2\sin\Big(\frac{2\text{x}+\text{h}}{2}\Big)\times\frac{1}{2}
\Big[\text{Since},\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}=1\Big]
=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}(-\sin\text{x})
=-\sin\text{xe}^{\cos\text{x}}
Hence,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}\big)=-\sin\text{xe}^{\cos\text{x}}
Q60. If xy + yx = (x + y)x+y, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 6 Marks
Ans: Here,
xy + yx = (x + y)x+y
\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^\text{y}}+\text{e}^{\log\text{y}^\text{x}}=\text{e}^{\log(\text{x}+\text{y})^{(\text{x}+\text{y})}}
\text{e}^{\text{y}\log\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{y}}=\text{e}^{{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})}
\big[\text{Since},\text{e}^{\log\text{a}}=\text{a},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule, product rule,
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{y}\log\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{y}}\big)=\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}^{(\text{x}+\text{y})\log(\text{x}+\text{y})}
\Rightarrow\text{e}^{\text{y}\log\text{x}}\Big[\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big] \\
+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{y}}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{y}+\log\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big] \\
=\text{e}^{(\text{x}+\text{y})\log(\text{x}+\text{y})}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[(\text{x}+\text{y})\log(\text{x}+\text{y})\big]
\Rightarrow\text{e}^{\text{y}\log\text{x}}\Big[\text{y}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]+\text{e}^{\log\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\text{x}}
{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}(1)\Big] \\ =\text{e}^{\log(\text{x}+\text{y})^{(\text{x}+\text{y})}}\Big[(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})+\log(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{x}^\text{y}\Big[\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]+\text{y}^\text{x}\Big[\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}\Big]
\\ =(\text{x}+\text{y})^{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big[(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{1}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})+\log(\text{x}+\text{y})\Big(1+\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{x}^\text{y}\times\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}+\text{x}^{\text{y}}\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^\text{x}\times\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y} \\ =(\text{x}+\text{y})^{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big[1\times\Big(1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)+\log(\text{x}+\text{y})\Big(1+\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}\times\text{y}+\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^{\text{x}-1}\times\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^{\text{x}}\log\text{y} \\ =(\text{x}+\text{y})^{(\text{x}+\text{y})}+(\text{x}+\text{y})^{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ +
(\text{x}+\text{y})^{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})+(\text{x}+\text{y})^{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\text{x}^{\text{y}}\log\text{x}+\text{xy}^{\text{x}-1}-(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{x}+\text{y}}(1+\log(\text{x}+\text{y}))\Big] \\ =
(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{x}+\text{y}}(1+\log(\text{x}+\text{y}))-\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}\times\text{y}-\text{y}^{\text{x}}\log\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg[\frac{(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{x}+\text{y}}(1+\log(\text{x}+\text{y}))-\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}\times\text{y}-\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}}
{\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{x}+\text{xy}^{\text{x}-1}-(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{x}+\text{y}}(1+\log(\text{x}+\text{y}))}\bigg]
Q61. If \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}\Big), 0<\text{x}<\infty prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4}{1+\text{x}^2} 6 Marks
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}\Big)

Put \text{x}=\tan\theta
\therefore\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\tan\theta}{\sqrt{1+\tan^2\theta}}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\tan^2\theta}}\Big)
\Rightarrow \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}}{\sec\theta}\bigg)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sec\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}}{\frac{1}{\cos\theta}}\bigg)+\cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)+\cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
Here, 0<\text{x}<\infty
\Rightarrow 0<\tan\theta<\infty
\Rightarrow 0 <\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}
\text{y}=\theta+\theta
\begin{bmatrix} \text{Since}, \sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in \Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big] \\ \cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in[0,\pi] \end{bmatrix}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=2\theta
\Rightarrow\text{y}=2\tan^{-1}\text{x}\ \big[\text{Since, x}=\tan\theta\big]
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}
Q62. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of, 6 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}(\text{x}-\text{c})\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}-\text{c}}\Big), & \text{x}\neq 0\\0, & \text{x}= 0\end{cases}
Ans: \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}(\text{x}-\text{c})\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}-\text{c}}\Big), & \text{x}\neq 0\\0, & \text{x}= 0\end{cases}

(LHL at x = c) =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{-}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{c}-\text{h}-\text{c})\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{c}-\text{h}-\text{c}}\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}-\text{h}\cos\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}-\text{h}\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
=0
(RHL at x = c) =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{c}+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{c}+\text{h}-\text{c})\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{c}+\text{h}-\text{c}}\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}-\text{h}\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
=0
f(c) = 0
Since, LHL = f(x) = RHL at x = c
⇒ f(x) is continuous at x = c
(LHL at x = c) =\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{c}-\text{h})-\text{f(c)}}{-\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(\text{c}-\text{h}-\text{c})\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{c}-\text{h}-\text{c}}\Big)-0}{-\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\cos\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
(RHL at x = c) =\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{c}+\text{h})-\text{f(c)}}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(\text{c}+\text{h}-\text{c})\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{c}+\text{h}-\text{c}}\Big)-0}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
(LHL at x = c) = (RHL at x = c)
So,
f(x) is differentiable and continuous at x = c.
Q63. If \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)+\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big), 0<\text{x}<1 prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4}{1+\text{x}^2} 6 Marks
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)+\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)

\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\tan\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\tan^2\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta}\Big)
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)+\cos^{-1}(\cos2\theta)\ .....(1)
Here, 0<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow 0<\tan\theta<1
\Rightarrow 0<\theta<\frac{\pi}{4}
\Rightarrow0<(2\theta)<\frac{\pi}{2}
\text{y}=2\theta+2\theta
\begin{bmatrix} \text{Since}, \sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in \Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big] \\ \cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in[0,\pi] \end{bmatrix}
\text{y}=4\tan^{-1}\text{x}\ [\text{Since, x}=\tan\theta]
Diffrentiating it with respect to x,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4}{1+\text{x}^2}
Q64. For what value of k is the following function continuous at x = 2 6 Marks
f(x) = \begin{matrix} 2x + 1 & ; & x< 2 \\ k & ; & x = 2 \\ 3x - 1 & ; & x> 2 \end{matrix}
Ans: For continuity of the function at x = 2

\lim\limits_{h \rightarrow 0} f (2 -h) = f(2) = \lim\limits_{h \rightarrow 0} f(2 + h)
Now, f (2 - h) = 2 (2 - h) + 1 = 5 - 2h
\therefore \lim\limits_{h \rightarrow 0} f(2- h) = 5
Also, f(2 + h) = 3(2 + h) -1 = 5 + 3h
\lim\limits_{h \rightarrow 0} f(2 + h) = 5
So, for continuity f(2) = 5.
\therefore k = 5.
Q65. If \sin(\text{xy})+\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}=\text{x}^2-\text{y}^2, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 6 Marks
Ans: We have, \sin(\text{xy})+\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}=\text{x}^2-\text{y}^2

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{ xy})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2)-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}^2)
\Rightarrow \cos(\text{xy})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy})+\Bigg\{\frac{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})}
{\text{x}^2}\Bigg\}=2\text{x}-2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow \cos(\text{xy})\Big\{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big\}+\Bigg\{\frac{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}(1)}
{\text{x}^2}\Bigg\}=2\text{x}-2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow \cos(\text{xy})\Big\{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}(1)\Big\}+\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\Big(\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-
\text{y}\Big)=2\text{x}-2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow \text{x}\cos(\text{xy})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\cos(\text{xy})+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}^2}=2\text{x}-2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\text{x}\cos(\text{xy})+\frac{1}{\text{x}}+2\text{y}\Big\}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}^2}-\text{y}\cos(\text{xy})+2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}^2\cos(\text{xy})+1+2\text{xy}}{\text{x}}\Big\}=\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\big(\text{y}-\text{x}^2\text{y}\cos(\text{xy})+2\text{x}^2\big)
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\text{x}^3+\text{y}-\text{x}^2\text{y}\cos(\text{xy})}{\text{x}\big(\text{x}^2\cos(\text{xy})+1+2\text{xy}\big)}
Q66. An isosceles triangle of vertical angle 2\theta is inscribed in a circle of radius a. Show that the area of the triangle is maximum when \theta=\frac{\pi}{6}. 6 Marks
Ans:
\text{CD}=\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}
Area, \text{A}=\frac{1}{2}\times2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}(\text{a}+\text{x})
\text{Z}=\text{A}^2=(\text{a}-\text{x})(\text{a}+\text{x})^3
\frac{\text{dZ}}{\text{dx}}=2(\text{a}+\text{x})^2(\text{a}-2\text{x})
\frac{\text{dZ}}{\text{dx}}= 0 \
\Rightarrow\text{x}= \frac{\text{a}}{2}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{Z}}{\text{dx}^2}=-12 (\text{a}+\text{x})\text{x}
\Big(\frac{\text{d}^2\text{Z}}{\text{dx}^2}\Big)_{\text{x}=\frac{\text{a}}{2}}=-9\text{a}^2<0
\therefore \text{Z} is maximum when \text{x}=\frac{\text{a}}{2}
i.e., Area is maximum when \text{x}=\frac{\text{a}}{2}
For maximum area
\tan\theta =\frac{\text{CD}}{\text{AD}}=\frac{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\frac{\text{a}^2}{4}}}{\text{a}+\tfrac{\text{a}}{2{}}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}
\theta=\frac{\pi}{6}
Q67. If \text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\log\Big(\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{1+\cos2\text{x}}\Big), Prvoe that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{ cosec }2\text{x} 6 Marks
Ans: Given, \text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\log\Big(\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{1+\cos2\text{x}}\Big)

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\log\Big(\frac{2\sin^2\text{x}}{2\cos^2\text{x}}\Big)
\begin{bmatrix} \text{Since}, 1-\cos2\text{x}=2\sin^2\text{x}, \\ 1+\cos2\text{x}=2\cos^2\text{x} \end{bmatrix}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\log\big(\tan^2\text{x}\big)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{2}{2}\log\tan\text{x}
\big[\text{Since}, \log\text{a}^{\text{b}}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\log\tan\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\tan\text{x})
=\frac{1}{\tan\text{x}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{\sec^2\text{x}}{\tan\text{x}}
=\frac{1}{\cos^2\text{x}\times\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}}
=\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}}
=\frac{2}{2\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}}
=\frac{2}{\sin2\text{x}}\Big[\text{Since},\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}=\text{cosec x}}\Big]
So,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{ cosec }2\text{x}
Q68. Find the derivative of the function given by f(x) = (1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 + x4) (1 + x8) and hence find f′(1). 6 Marks
Ans: Given: \text{f(x)}=(1+\text{x})(1+\text{x}^2)(1+\text{x}^4)(1+\text{x}^8)\ \dots\text{(i)}

\Rightarrow\ \log\text{f(x)}=\log\big\{(1+\text{x})(1+\text{x}^2)(1+\text{x}^4)(1+\text{x}^8)\big\}
\Rightarrow\ \log\text{f(x)}=\log(1+\text{x})+\log(1+\text{x}^2)+\log(1+\text{x}^4)+\log(1+\text{x}^8)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{1}}{\text{f(x)}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{1}}{1+\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x})+\frac{\text{1}}{\text{1+x}^2}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x}^2)+\frac{\text{1}}{\text{1+x}^4}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x}^4)+\frac{\text{1}}{\text{1+x}^8}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x}^8)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{f(x)}}\text{f}'\text{(x)}=\frac{1}{1+\text{x}}.1+\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}.2\text{x}+\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^4}.4\text{x}^3+\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^8}8\text{x}^7
\Rightarrow\ \text{f}'\text{(x)}=\text{f}\text{(x)}\Big[\frac{1}{1+\text{x}}+\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}+\frac{4\text{x}^3}{1+\text{x}^4}+\frac{8\text{x}^7}{1+\text{x}^8}\Big]
Putting the value of f(x) from eq. (i),
\text{f}'\text{(x)}=(1+\text{x})(1+\text{x}^2)(1+\text{x}^4)(1+\text{x}^8)\Big[\frac{1}{1+\text{x}}+\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}+\frac{4\text{x}^3}{1+\text{x}^4}+\frac{8\text{x}^7}
{1+\text{x}^8}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \text{f}'\text{(x)}=(1+1)(1+1^2)(1+1^4)(1+1^8)\Big[\frac{1}{1+1}+\frac{2\times1}{1+1^2}+\frac{4\times1^3}{1+1^4}+\frac{8\times1^7}{1+1^8}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \text{f}'(1)=(2)(2)(2)(2)\Big[\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2}+\frac{4}{2}+\frac{8}{2}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \text{f}'(1)=16\Big[\frac{15}{2}\Big]=8\times15=120
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2^{\text{x}+1}}{1-4^{\text{x}}}\Big),-\infty<\text{x}<0
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2^{\text{x}+1}}{1-4^{\text{x}}}\Big\}

Put 2\text{x}=\tan\theta,\text{ so}
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2^{\text{x}}\times2}{1-(2^\text{x})^2}\Big\}
=\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2\tan\theta}{1-\tan^2\theta}\Big\}
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\big\{\tan(2\theta)\big\}\ .....(\text{i})
Here, -\infty<\text{x}<0
\Rightarrow 2^{-\infty}<2^{\text{x}}<2^{0}
\Rightarrow 0<2^{\text{x}}<1
\Rightarrow 0< \theta< \frac{\pi}{4}
\Rightarrow 0 < (2\theta) <\frac{\pi}{2}
From equation (i),
\text{y}=2\theta \Big[\text{Since}, \tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta, \text{ if }\theta\in \Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Big]
\text{y}=2\tan^{-1}(2^\text{x})
Differentiate it with respect to x using chain rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{1+(2^\text{x})^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2^\text{x})
=\frac{2\times2^\text{x}\log2}{1+4^{\text{x}}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2^{\text{x}+1}\log2}{1+4^{\text{x}}}
\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^{2\text{n}}}{1+\text{x}^{2\text{n}}}\Big), <\text{x}<\infty
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^{2\text{n}}}{1+\text{x}^{2\text{n}}}\Big)

Put \text{x}=\tan\theta,\text{ so}
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\bigg(\frac{1-(\text{x}^{\text{n}})^2}{1+(\text{x}^{\text{n}})^2}\bigg)
=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\tan^2\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta}\Big)
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}(\cos2\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
Here, 0<\text{x}<\infty
\Rightarrow 0<\text{x}^{\text{n}}<\infty
\Rightarrow 0<(2\theta)<\pi
\text{y}=2\theta\big[\text{Since}, \cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in[0,\pi]\big]
\text{y}=2\tan^{-1}\big(\text{x}^{\text{n}}\big)
Differantiating it with respect to x using chain rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\Big(\frac{1}{1+(\text{x}^{\text{n}})^2}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^{\text{n}})
=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^{2\text{n}}}\times(\text{nx}^{\text{n}-1})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\text{nx}^{\text{n}-1}}{1+\text{x}^{2\text{n}}}
\text{x}=\cos^{-1}\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}^2}}\text{ and y}=\sin^{-1}\frac{\text{t}}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}^2}},\text{t}\in\text{R}
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}^{2}}}\Big)

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}^{2}}}\Big)^{2}}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}}^{2}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{(1+\text{t}^{2})}}}\left\{\frac{-1}{2(1+\text{t}^{2})^\frac{3}{2}}\right\}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(1+\text{t}^{2})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{(1+\text{t}^{2})^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}^{2}-1}}\times\frac{1}{2(1+\text{t}^{2})^\frac{3}{2}}(2\text{t})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{t}}{\sqrt{\text{t}^{2}}\times(1+\text{t}^{2})}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{1}{1+\text{t}^{2}}...(\text{i})
Now, \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}^{2}}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}^{2}}}\Big)^{2}}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}^{2}}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{(1+\text{t}^{2})}}}\left\{\frac{-1}{2(1+\text{t}^{2})\frac{3}{2}}\right\}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(1+\text{t}^{2})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{(1+\text{t}^{2})^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}^{2}-1}}\times\frac{-1}{2(1+\text{t}^{2})^{\frac{3}{2}}}(2\text{t})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{\text{t}^{2}}\times(1+\text{t}^{2})}(2\text{t})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{-1}{1+\text{t}^{2}}....(\text{ii})
\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{1}{(1+\text{t}^{2})}\times\frac{(1+\text{t}^{2})}{-1}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-1
Q72. Differentiate the functions given in Exercise: 6 Marks
(\log\text{x})^\text{x}+\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\log\text{x})^\text{x}+\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}=\text{u}+\text{v }\text{ where u}=(\log\text{x})^\text{x}\text{ and v}=\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\ \dots\text{(i)}
Now \text{u}=(\log\text{x})^\text{x}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{u}=\log(\log\text{x})^\text{x}=\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{u}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})]\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}[\log(\log\text{x})]+\log(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}+\log(\log\text{x}).1
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log(\log\text{x})\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big[\frac{1}
{\log\text{x}}+\log(\log\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x)}^\text{x}\Big[\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}+\log(\log\text{x})\Big]\ \dots\text{(ii)}
Again \text{v}=\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{v}=\log\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}=\log\text{x}.\log\text{x}=(\log\text{x})^2
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{v}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})^2\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=2\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=2\log\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{v}\Big(\frac{2}
{\text{x}}\log\text{x}\Big)=\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}\frac{2}{\text{x}}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{x}^{\log\text{x}-1}\log\text{x}\ \dots\text{(iii)}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}+\log(\log\text{x})\Big]+2\text{x}^{\log\text{x}-1}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\frac{1+\log\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})}{\log\text{x}}\Big]+2\text{x}^{\log\text{x}-1}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x})^{\text{x}-1}(1+\log\text{x}\log(\log\text{x}))+2\text{x}^{\log\text{x}-1}\log\text{x}
Q73. Find a point on the curve y = x2 + x, where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining (0, 0) and (1, 2). 6 Marks
Ans: Let,
f(x) = x2 + x
The tangent to the curve is parallel to the chord joining the point (0, 0) and (1, 2).
\therefore a = 0, b = 1
So, f(x) = x2 + x is continuous on [0, 1] and differentiable on (0, 1).
Concequently, there exists \text{c}\in(0,1) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(1)-\text{f}(0)}{1-0}
Now,
f(x) = x2 + x ⇒ f'(x) = 2x + 1, f(1) = 2, f(0) = 0
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{\text{f}(1)-\text{f}(0)}{1-0}
\Rightarrow2\text{x}+1=\frac{2-0}{1-0}
\Rightarrow2\text{x}=1
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\frac{1}{2}
Thus, \text{c}=\frac{1}{2}\in(0,1) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(1)-\text{f}(0)}{1-0}.
Clearly,
\text{f}(\text{c})=\Big(\frac{1}{2}\Big)^2+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{4}.
Thus, (c, f(c)), i.e. \Big(\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{4}\Big), is a point on the given curve where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining the points (4, 0) and (5, 1).
Q74. Is |\sin\text{x}| differentible? What about \cos|\text{x}|? 6 Marks
Ans: Let, d(x) = |sin x|

\sin\text{x}=0, for \text{x}=\text{n}\pi,
|\sin\text{x}|=\begin{cases}-\sin\text{x}\ (2\text{m}-1)\pi<\text{x}<2\text{mx},&\text{where m}\in\text{Z}\\\sin\text{x}\ 2\text{mx}<\text{x}<(2\text{m}+1)\pi,&\text{where
m}\in\text{Z}\\-\sin\text{x}\ (2\text{m}+1)\pi<\text{x}<2(\text{m}+1)\pi,&\text{where m}\in\text{Z}\end{cases}
(\text{LHL at x}=2\text{mx})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2\text{mx}^{-}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(2\text{mx})}{\text{x}-2\text{mx}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2\text{mx}^{-}}\frac{-\sin(\text{x}-0)}{\text{x}-2\text{mx}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\sin(2\text{mx}-\text{h})}{2\text{mx}-\text{h}-2\text{mx}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin(\text{h})}{\text{h}}=-1
(\text{RHL at x}=2\text{mx})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2\text{mx}^{+}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(2\text{mx})}{\text{x}-2\text{mx}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2\text{mx}^{+}}\frac{\sin(\text{x)}-0}{\text{x}-2\text{mx}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin(2\text{mx}+\text{h})}{2\text{mx}+\text{h}-2\text{mx}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin(\text{h})}{\text{h}}=1
Here, \text{LHL}\neq\text{RHL} So, function is not differentiable at \text{x}=2\text{m}\pi, where, \text{m}\in\text{Z}\ \dots(1)
[\text{LHL at x}=(2\text{m}+1)\pi]=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow(2\text{m}+1)\pi^{-}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}[(2\text{m}+1)\pi]}{\text{x}-(2\text{m}+1)\pi}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow(2\text{m}+1)\pi^{-}}\frac{\sin(\text{x})-0}{\text{x}-(2\text{m}+1)\pi}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin[(2\text{m}+1)\pi-\text{h}]}{(2\text{m}+1)\pi-\text{h}-(2\text{m}+1)\pi}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin(\text{h})}{\text{h}}=-1
[\text{RHL at x}=(2\text{m}+1)\pi]=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow(2\text{m}+1)\pi^{+}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}[(2\text{m}+1)\pi]}{\text{x}-(2\text{m}+1)\pi}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow(2\text{m}+1)\pi^{+}}\frac{-\sin(\text{x})-0}{\text{x}-(2\text{m}+1)\pi}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\sin[(2\text{m}+1)\pi+\text{h}]}{(2\text{m}+1)\pi+\text{h}-(2\text{m}+1)\pi}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin(\text{h})}{\text{h}}=1
Here, \text{LHL}\neq\text{RHL}.
So, function is not differentiable at \text{x}=(2\text{m}+1)\pi, where, \text{m}\in\text{Z}\ \dots(2)
From, (1) and (2), we get
\text{f(x)}=|\sin\text{x}| is not differentiable at \text{x}=\text{n}\pi
We know that,
\cos|\text{x}|=\cos\text{x} For all \text{x}\in\text{R}
Also we know that cos x is differentiable at all real points.
Therefore, cos |x| is differentiable everywhere.
\sqrt{\frac{1+\sin\text{x}}{1-\sin\text{x}}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sqrt{\frac{1+\sin\text{x}}{1-\sin\text{x}}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1+\sin\text{x}}{1-\sin\text{x}}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}
=\frac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}\Big(\frac{1+\sin\text{x}}{1-\sin\text{x}}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}-1}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1+\sin\text{x}}{1-\sin\text{x}}\Big)
=\frac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}\Big(\frac{1+\sin\text{x}}{1-\sin\text{x}}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}\Big[\frac{(1-\sin\text{x})(\cos\text{x})-(1+\sin\text{x})(-\cos\text{x})}{(1-\sin\text{x})^2}\Big]
=\frac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}\frac{(1+\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{2}}{(1-\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{2}}\Big[\frac{\cos\text{x}-\cos\text{x}+\cos\text{x}\sin\text{x}+\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{(1-
\sin\text{x})^2}\Big]
=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{2\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}(1-\sin\text{x})^\frac{3}{2}}
=\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}(1-\sin\text{x})^\frac{3}{2}}
=\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}(1-\sin\text{x})}
=\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\sin^2\text{x}}(1-\sin\text{x})}
=\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}(1-\sin\text{x})} \big[\text{Using }1-\sin^2\text{x}=\cos^2\text{x}\big]
=\frac{1}{(1-\sin\text{x})}\times\frac{(1+\sin\text{x})}{(1+\sin\text{x})}
Thus, \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\cos^2\text{x}}+\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\cos^2\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sec^2\text{x}+\tan\text{x}\sec\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sec\text{x}[\tan\text{x}+\sec\text{x}]
Q76. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} in the following cases: 6 Marks
\sin\text{ xy}+\cos(\text{x}+\text{y})=1
Ans: We have, \sin\text{ xy}+\cos(\text{x}+\text{y})=1

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{xy}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos(\text{x}+\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1)
\Rightarrow\cos \text{xy}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy})-\sin(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})=0
[Using chain rule]
\Rightarrow\cos(\text{xy})\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]-\sin(\text{x}+\text{y})\Big[1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]=0
\Rightarrow\cos(\text{xy})\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}(1)\Big]-\sin(\text{x}+\text{y})+\sin(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}\cos(\text{xy})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\cos(\text{xy})-\sin(\text{x}+\text{y})+\sin(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\big[\text{x}\cos(\text{xy})+\sin(\text{x}+\text{y})\big]\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ =\big[\sin(\text{x}+\text{y})-\text{y}\cos(\text{xy})\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big[\frac{\sin(\text{x}+\text{y})-\text{y}\cos\text{xy}}{\text{x}\cos\text{xy}+\sin(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big]
Q77. If \text{x}=\text{a}\sin\text{t}-\text{b}\cos\text{t},\text{y}=\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t}, Prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}{\text{y}^2} 6 Marks
Ans: We have
\text{x}=\text{a}\sin\text{t}-\text{b}\cos\text{t},\text{y}=\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t},
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{a}\sin\text{t}-\text{b}\cos\text{t})=\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t}
and
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})=-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\cos\text{t}
\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\cos\text{t}}{\text{a}\cos+\text{b}\sin\text{t}}
Therefore
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\cos\text{t}}
{\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t}}\Big)
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\frac{-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\cos\text{t}}{\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t}}\Big)\times\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}
=\frac{(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\cos\text{t})-(-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\cos\text{t})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}
(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})}{(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})^2}
=\frac{(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})(-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\cos\text{t})-(-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\cos\text{t})}
{(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})^2}
=\frac{-(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})^2-(-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\cos\text{t})^2}{(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})}
=\frac{-(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})^2-(\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{b}\cos\text{t})^2}{(\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{b}\sin\text{t})}
=\frac{-\text{y}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{y}^3}
Q78. Find the values of a and b so that the function \text{f(x)}\begin{cases}\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+\text{a}, & \text{if x}\leq1\\\text{bx}+2, & \text{if x} > 1\end{cases} is differentiable at 6 Marks
each \text{x}\in\text{R}.
Ans: It is given that the function is differentiable at each \text{x}\in\text{R} and every differentiable function is continuous.
Therefore,
Given: \text{f(x)}=\begin{Bmatrix}\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+\text{a}, & \text{if x}\leq1\\\text{bx}+2, & \text{if x} > 1 \end{Bmatrix}
Therefore,
f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
Therefore,
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(1)
Implies that \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+\text{a}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\text{bx}+2=\text{a}+4 [Using def. of f(x)]
Implies that a + 4 = b + 2 = a + 4 ......(1)
Since, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1. Therefore,
(LHL at x = 1) = (RHL at x = 1)
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\frac{\text{f(c)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}
Implies that \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+\text{a}-\text{a}-4}{\text{x}-1}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{\text{bx}+2-4-\text{a}}{\text{x}-1} [Using def.
of f(x)]
Implies that \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{(\text{x}+4)(\text{x-1})}{\text{x}-1}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{\text{bx}-2-\text{a}}{\text{x}-1}
Implies that \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{(\text{x}+4)(\text{x}-1)}{\text{x}-1}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{\text{bx}-\text{b}}{\text{x}-1} [Using (1)]
Implies that \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{(\text{x}+4)(\text{x}-1)}{\text{x}-1}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{\text{b}(\text{x}-1)}{\text{x}-1}
Implies that 5 = b
From (1), we have
a+4=b+2
Implies that a + 4 = 5 + 2
Implies that a = 7 - 4
Implies that a = 3
Hence, a = 3, b = 5.
Q79. If \text{x}=2\cos\theta-\cot2\theta and \text{y}=2\sin\theta-\sin2\theta, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\tan\big(\frac{3\theta}{2}\big) 6 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{x}=2\cos\theta-\cos2\theta

Diffierentiating it with respect to \theta using chain rule,
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=2(-\sin\theta)-(-\sin2\theta)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(2\theta)
=-2\sin\theta+2\sin2\theta
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=2(\sin2\theta-\sin\theta)...(\text{i})
And, \text{y}=2\sin\theta-\sin\theta
Differentiating it with respect to \theta using chain rule,
\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{d}\theta}=2\cos\theta-\cos2\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(2\theta)
=2\cos\theta-\cos2\theta(2)
=2\cos\theta-\cos2\theta(2)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=2(\cos\theta-\cos2\theta)...(\text{ii})
Dividing equation (ii) by equation (i),
\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{2(\cos\theta-\cos2\theta)}{2(\sin2\theta-\sin\theta)}
=\frac{(\cos\theta-\cos2\theta)}{(\sin2\theta-\sin\theta)}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2\sin\big(\frac{\theta+2\theta}{2}\big)\sin\big(\frac{\theta-2\theta}{2}\big)}{2\cos\big(\frac{2\theta+\theta}{2}\big)\sin\big(2\theta-\theta\big)}
\Big[\sin\text{A}-\sin\text{B}=2\cos\Big(\frac{\text{A+B}}{2}\Big)\sin\Big(\frac{\text{A+B}}{2}\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow-\frac{\sin\big(\frac{3\theta}{2}\big)\big(\sin\big(\frac{-\theta}{2}\big)\big)}{\cos\big(\frac{3\theta}{2}\big)\sin\big(\frac{\theta}{2}\big)}
\Rightarrow-\frac{\sin\big(\frac{3\theta}{2}\big)\big(-\sin\frac{-\theta}{2}\big)}{\cos\big(\frac{3\theta}{2}\big)\sin\big(\frac{\theta}{2}\big)}
\Rightarrow\frac{\sin\big(\frac{3\theta}{2}\big)}{\cos\big(\frac{3\theta}{2}\big)}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\tan\big(\frac{3\theta}{2}\big)
Q80. Differentiate \sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big) with respect to \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big), if -1 < x < 1. 6 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)

put \text{x}=\tan\theta\Rightarrow \theta=\tan^{-1}\text{x},\text{so}
\text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\tan\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta}\Big)
\text{u}=\sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
Let \text{v}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\tan\theta}{1-\tan^2\theta}\Big)
\text{v}=\tan^{-1}(\tan2\theta)\ .....(\text{ii})
Here, -1<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow-1<\tan\theta<1
\Rightarrow -\frac{\pi}{4}<\theta<\frac{\pi}{4}
\text{u}=2\theta
\Big[\text{Since,}\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Big]
\text{u}=2\tan^{-1}\text{x}
Diffrerentiating it with respect to x,
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{(1+\text{x}^2)}\ .....\text{(iii)}
From equation (ii),
\text{v}=2\theta
\Big[\text{Since,}\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Big]
\text{v}=2\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}\ .....\text{(iv)}
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}\times\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{2}
Q81. If \text{x}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{t}}{1+\text{t}^2}\Big) and \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{t}}{1-\text{t}^2}\Big),-1<\text{t}<1, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1 6 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{t}}{1+\text{t}^{2}}\Big)

Put \text{t}=\tan\theta
\Rightarrow-\frac{\pi}{4}<\theta<\frac{\pi}{4}
\Rightarrow-\frac{\pi}{2}<2\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}
\therefore\text{x}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\tan\theta}{1+\tan^{2}\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)
\Rightarrow\text{x}=2\theta
\Big[\therefore-\frac{\pi}{2}<2\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{x}=2(\tan^{-1}\text{t})
\big[\therefore \text{t}=\sin\theta\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{t}^{2}}\ .....(\text{i})
Now, \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{t}}{1-\text{t}^{2}}\Big)
Put \text{t}=\tan\theta
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{t}}{1-\text{t}^{2}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\tan\theta}{1-\tan\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}(\tan2\theta)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=2\theta
\Big[\therefore-\frac{\pi}{2}<2\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{y}= 2 \tan^{-1}\text{t}
\big[\therefore\text{t}=\tan\theta\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{t}^{2}}\ .....(\text{ii})
\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{t}^{2}}\times\frac{1+\text{t}^{2}}{2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1
Q82. If \text{x}=\cos\text{t}+\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2},\text{y}=\sin\text{t}, Then find the value of \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}\ \text{and}\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\ 6 Marks
\text{at}\ \text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4}.
Ans: \text{x}=\cos\text{t}+\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2},\text{y}=\sin\text{t}
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\cos\text{t}+\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}\Big)=-\sin\text{t}+\frac{1}{\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}}\times\sec^2\frac{\text{t}}{2}\times\frac{1}{2}
=-\sin\text{t}+\frac{1}{2\sin\frac{\text{t}}{2}\cos\frac{\text{t}}{2}}=-\sin\text{t}+\frac{1}{\sin\text{t}}
=\frac{-\sin^2\text{t}+1}{\sin\text{t}}=\frac{-\sin^2\text{t}+1}{\sin\text{t}}
=\frac{\cos^2\text{t}}{\sin\text{t}}
and
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin\text{t})=\cos\text{t}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos\text{t})=-\sin\text{t}
\Big(\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}\Big)_{(\text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4})}=-\sin\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}...(1)
Also, \Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{\cos\text{t}}{\frac{\cos^2\text{t}}{\sin\text{t}}}=\frac{\sin\text{t}}
{\cos\text{t}}=\tan\text{t}
Now, \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\tan\text{t})\times\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\sec^2\text{t}\times\frac{\sin\text{t}}{\cos^2\text{t}}
=\frac{\sin\text{t}}{\cos^4\text{t}}
\Big(\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\Big)_{\text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{\sin\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)}{\cos^4\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)}=2\sqrt{2}...(2)
Hence, at \text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4},\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\ \text{and}\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2\sqrt{2}
Q83. Show that f(x) = |x − 2| is continuous but not differentiable at x = 2. 6 Marks
Ans: Given: \text{f}(\text{x})=|\text{x}-3|=\begin{vmatrix}\text{x}-3,&\text{x}\geq3 \\-\text{x}+3, & \text{x}<3 \end{vmatrix}

Continuity at X = 2: We have,
(LHL at x = 3)
=\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 2}\text{f}(\text{x})
=\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(3-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}0(-3+\text{h})+3
=0.
(RHL at x = 3)
=\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 2^{-}}\text{f}(\text{x})
=\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(3+\text{h})
=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}3+\text{h}-3
=0.
and f(2) = 0
Thus, \lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 2^{-}}\text{f}(\text{x})=\text{f}(2).
Hence,
f(x) is continuous at x = 3
We have,
(LHL at x = 3)
=\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 2^{-}}-\frac{\text{f}(\text{x})-\text{f}(2)}{\text{x}-3}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 2}\frac{(-\text{x}+3)-0}{\text{x}-3}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 2}\text{f}(\text{x}-3)\text{x}-2
\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 2}(-1)
=-1
(RHL at x = 3)
=\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 2^{-}}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x})-\text{f}(2)}{\text{x}-3}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x} \rightarrow 2}\frac{(\text{x}-3)-0}{\text{x}-3}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2}1=1
Thus, =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{-}}\text{f}(\text{x})\neq\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{-}}\text{f}(\text{x}).
Hence, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 3.
Q84. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 6 Marks
\text{y}=\frac{(\text{x}^2-1)^3(2\text{x}-1)}{\sqrt{(\text{x}-3)(4\text{x}-1)}}
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\frac{(\text{x}^2-1)^3(2\text{x}-1)}{\sqrt{(\text{x}-3)(4\text{x}-1)}}.....(\text{i})

\text{y}=\frac{(\text{x}^2-1)^3(2\text{x}-1)}{(\text{x}-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}(4\text{x}-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}}
\log\text{y}=\log\Bigg[\frac{(\text{x}^2-1)^3(2\text{x}-1)}{(\text{x}-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}(4\text{x}-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}}\Bigg]
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\log(\text{x}^2-1)^3+\log(2\text{x}-1)-\log(\text{x}-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}-\log(4\text{x}-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\log(\text{x}^2-1)^3+\log(2\text{x}-1)-\frac{1}{2}\log(\text{x}-3)-\frac{1}{2}\log(4\text{x}-1)
Differentiating with respect to x using chain rule,
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\log(\text{x}^2-1)\Big\}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\log(2\text{x}-1)\Big\}\\-\frac{1}{2}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\Big\{\log(\text{x}-3)\Big\}-\frac{1}{2}\Big\{\log(4\text{x}-1)\Big\}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2-1}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2-1)+\frac{1}{(2\text{x}-1)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x}-1)\\-
\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}-3}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-3)-\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{(4\text{x}-1)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(4\text{x}-1)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2-1}\Big)(2\text{x})+\frac{1}{2\text{x}-1}(2)-\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}-3}\Big)(1)-\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}
{4\text{x}-1}\Big)(4)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big[\frac{6\text{x}}{\text{x}^2-1}+\frac{2}{2\text{x}-1}-\frac{1}{2(\text{x}-3)}-\frac{2}{4\text{x}-1}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{6\text{x}}{\text{x}^2-1}+\frac{2}{2\text{x}-1}-\frac{1}{2(\text{x}-3)}-\frac{2}{4\text{x}-1}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{(\text{x}^2-1)^3(2\text{x}-1)}{\sqrt{(\text{x}-3)(4\text{x}-1)}}\Big[\frac{6\text{x}}{\text{x}^2-1}+\frac{2}{2\text{x}-1}-\frac{1}{2(\text{x}-3)}-\frac{2}{4\text{x}-1}\Big]
[Using equation (i)]
Q85. Finde the value of a and b, if the function f(x) defined by \text{f(x)}\begin{cases}\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+\text{a}, &\text{x}\leq1\\\text{bx}+2, & \text{x}>1\end{cases}is differentiable at x = 1. 6 Marks
Ans: Given that f(x) is differentiable at x = 1, Therefore, f(x) is countinuous at x = 1.

\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(1)}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}(\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+\text{a})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}(\text{bx}+2)=1+3+\text{a}
\Rightarrow1+3+\text{a}=\text{b}+2
\Rightarrow\text{a}-\text{b}+2=0\dots(1)
Again, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1. So,
(LHL at x = 1) = (RHL at x = 1)
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\frac{\text{f(z)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{z}-1}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\frac{\text{f(z)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{z}-1}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{(\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+\text{a})-(4+\text{a})}{\text{x}-1}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{(\text{bx}+2)-(4+\text{a})}{\text{x}-1}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{\text{x}^2+3\text{x}-4}{\text{x}-1}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{(\text{bx}-2-\text{a})}{\text{x}-1}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}(\text{x}-4)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{\text{b}(\text{x}-1)}{\text{x}-1}
\Rightarrow5=\text{b}
Hence, a = 3 and b = 5.
Q86. Differentiate \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\text{ax}}{1-\text{ax}}\Big) with respect to \sqrt{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2} 6 Marks
Ans: Let, \text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\text{ax}}{1-\text{ax}}\Big)

Put \text{ax}= \tan\theta
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\tan\theta}{1-\tan\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\tan\frac{\pi}{4}+\tan\theta}{1-\tan\frac{\pi}{4}\tan\theta}\bigg)
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big[\tan\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}+\theta\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\frac{\pi}{4}+\theta
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\frac{\pi}{4}+\tan^{-1}(\text{ax}) [\text{since,}\tan\theta=\text{ax}]
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=0+\frac{1}{1+(\text{ax}^2)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{ax})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{a}}{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}\ .....(\text{i})
Now,
Let, \text{v}=\sqrt{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}}(2\text{a}^2\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{a}^2\text{x}}{\sqrt{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{ii})
Dividing equation (i) by (ii),
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{\text{a}}{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}\times\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}}{\text{a}^2\text{x}}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{1}{\text{ax}\sqrt{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}}
Q87. Show that the function \text{f(x)}\begin{cases}\text{x}^\text{m}\sin(\frac{1}{\text{x}}), &\text{x}\neq0 \\0 ,& \text{x}=0\end{cases} 6 Marks
Continuous but not diffierentiable at x = 0, if 0 < m < 1
Ans: \text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(-\text{h})^\text{m}\sin\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(-\text{h})^\text{m}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
=0\times\text{k}\ [\text{Where}-1\leq\text{k}\leq1]
=0
\text{RHL }=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f}(0+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(+\text{h})^\text{m}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{0+\text{h}}\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}(-\text{h})^\text{m}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
=0\times\text{k'}\ [\text{When}-1\leq\text{k}'\leq1]
=0
LHL = f(0) = RHL
\therefore f(x) is continuous at x = 0
For differentiable at x = 0
(LHL at x = 0) =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(0-\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{(0-\text{h})-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(-\text{h})^\text{m}\sin\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)}{-\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(-\text{h})^\text{m-1}\sin\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
= Not definded [Since 0 < m < 1]
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0+\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{(0+\text{h})-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^\text{m}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{h})^\text{m-1}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
= Not defined [as 0, m < 1]
\therefore (LHL at x = 0) and (RHL at x = 0) are not defined, so f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0, when 0 < m < 1.
Q88. If \text{y}=\text{x}^\text{n}\{\text{a}\cos(\log\text{x})+\text{b}\sin(\log\text{x})\}, prove that \text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+(1-2\text{n})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+ 6 Marks
(1+\text{n}^2)\text{y}=0.
Ans: We have,
\text{y}=\text{x}^\text{n}\{\text{a}\cos(\log\text{x})+\text{b}\sin(\log\text{x})\},...(1)
Differentiating y with respect to x, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{nx}^{\text{n}-1}\{\text{a}\cos(\log\text{x})+\text{b}\sin(\log\text{x})\}+\text{x}^\text{n}\\\Big\{-\text{a}\sin(\log\text{x})\times\frac{1}
{\text{x}}+\text{b}\cos(\log\text{x})\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big\}
=\frac{\text{n}}{\text{x}}\text{x}^\text{n}\{\text{a}\cos(\log\text{x})+\text{b}\sin(\log\text {x})\}+\text{x}^{\text{n}-1}\{-\text{a}\sin(\log\text{x})+\text{b}\cos(\log\text{x})\}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{n}}{\text{x}}\text{y}+\text{x}^{\text{n}-1}\{-\text{a}\sin(\log\text{x})+\text{b}\cos(\log\text{x})\}\ [\text{from}(1)]
\Rightarrow\text{x}^{\text{n}-1}\{-\text{a}\sin(\log\text{x})+\text{b}\cos(\log\text{x})\}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{\text{n}}{\text{x}}\text{y}...(2)
Differentiating \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} with respect to x, we get
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{n}}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{ny}}{\text{x}^2}+(\text{n}-1)\text{x}^{\text{n}-2}\{-
\text{a}\sin(\log\text{x})+\text{b}\cos(\log\text{x})\}\\+\text{x}^{\text{n}-1}\Big\{-\text{a}\cos(\log\text{x})\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\text{b}\sin(\log\text{x})\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big\}
=\frac{\text{n}}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dy}}-\frac{\text{ny}}{\text{x}^2}+(\text{n}-1)\frac{\text{x}^{\text{n}-1}}{\text{x}}\{-\text{a}\sin(\log\text{x})+\text{b}\cos(\log\text{x})\}\\-
\frac{\text{x}^\text{n}}{\text{x}^2}\{\text{a}\cos(\log\text{x})+\text{b}\sin(\log\text{x})\}
\frac{\text{n}}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{\text{ny}}{\text{x}^2}+\Big(\frac{\text{n}-1}{\text{x}}\Big)\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{\text{n}}{\text{x}}\text{y}\Big)-
\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}^2}
=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{n}+\text{n}-1}{\text{x}}\Big)-\frac{(\text{n}+\text{n}^2+\text{n}+1)\text{y}}{\text{x}^2}
=\Big(\frac{2\text{n}-1}{\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(\text{n}^2+1)\text{y}}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-\text{x}(2\text{n}-1)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+(\text{n}^2+1)\text{y}=0
Hence, \text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+(1-2\text{n})\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+(1+\text{n}^2)\text{y}=0
Q89. Differentiate \cos^{-1}(4\text{x}^3-3\text{x}) with respect to \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{\text{x}}\Big), if \frac{1}{2}<\text{x}<1 6 Marks
Ans: Let, \text{u}=\cos^{-1}(4\text{x}^3-3\text{x})

Put, \text{x}=\cos\theta
\Rightarrow\theta=\cos^{-1}\text{x}
Now, \text{u}=\cos^{-1}(4\cos^3\theta-3\cos\theta)
\Rightarrow \text{u}=\cos^{}-1(\cos3\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
Let, \text{v}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{v}=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{-1\cos^2\theta}}{\cos\theta}\bigg)
\Rightarrow\text{v}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{v}=\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)\ .....(\text{ii})
Here,
\frac{1}{2}<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}<\cos<1
\text{u}=3\theta\big[\text{Since,} \cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in[0,\pi]\big]
\Rightarrow\text{u}=3\cos^{-1}\text{x}
Differenting it with respect to x,
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-3}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{iii})
From equation (ii),
\text{v}=\theta \Big[\text{since,}\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\in\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{v}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\Big(\frac{-3}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)\Big(\frac{-\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{1}\Big)
\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=3
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{a}^{\text{x}}}{1-\text{a}^{2\text{x}}}\Big),\text{a}>1, -\infty<\text{x}<0
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{a}^{\text{x}}}{1-\text{a}^{2\text{x}}}\Big)

Put \text{a}^{\text{x}}=\tan\theta
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2\times\text{a}^\text{x}}{1-(\text{a}^{\text{x}})^2}\Big\}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\tan\theta}{1-\tan^2\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}(\tan2\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
Here, -\infty<\text{x}<0
\Rightarrow\text{a}^{-\infty}<\text{a}^{\text{x}}<2^{0}
\Rightarrow 0<\tan\theta<1
\Rightarrow 0<2\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}
\text{y}=2\theta\Big[\text{Since},\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{y}=2\tan^{-1}(\text{a}^{\text{x}})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{1+(\text{a}^{\text{x}})^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{a}^{\text{x}})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\times\text{a}^{\text{x}}\log_\text{e}\text{a}}{1+\text{a}^{2\text{x}}}
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\text{a}^{\text{x}}\log_\text{e}\text{a}}{1+\text{a}^{2\text{x}}}
\text{x}^{\text{x}^2-3}+(\text{x}-3)^{\text{x}^2}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^{\text{x}^2-3}+(\text{x}-3)^{\text{x}^2}

Also, let \text{u}=\text{x}^{\text{x}^2-3}\text{ and v}=(\text{x}-3)^{\text{x}^2}
\therefore \text{y}=\text{u}+\text{v}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\ .....(\text{i})
\text{u}=\text{x}^{\text{x}^2-3}
\log\text{u}=(\text{x}^2-3)\log\text{x}
Differentiating with respect to x, we obtain
\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\log\text{x}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2-3\big)+\big(\text{x}^2-3\big)\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\log\text{x}\times2\text{x}+(\text{x}^2-3)\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{x}^2-3}\times\Big[\frac{\text{x}^2-3}{\text{x}}+2\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big]
Also,
\text{v}=(\text{x}-3)^{\text{x}^2}
\therefore\log\text{v}=\log(\text{x}-3)^{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\log\text{v}=\text{x}^2\log(\text{x}-3)
Differentaiting both sides with respect to x, we obtain
\frac{1}{\text{v}}\times\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\log(\text{x}-3)\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2)+\text{x}^2\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\log(\text{x}-3)]
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\log(\text{x}-3)\times2\text{x}+\text{x}^2\times\frac{1}{\text{x}-3}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-3)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{v}\Big[2\text{x}\log(\text{x}-3)+\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{x}-3}\times1\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}-3)^{\text{x}^2}\Big[\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{x}-3}+2\text{x}\log(\text{x}-3)\Big]
Substituting the expressions of \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} and \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} in equation (1), we obtain
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{x}^2-3}\Big[\frac{\text{x}^2-3}{\text{x}}+2\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big] \\ +(\text{x}-3)^{\text{x}^2}\Big[\frac{\text{x}^2}
{\text{x}-3}+2\text{x}\log(\text{x}-3)\Big]
Q92. If \text{x}=3\cot-2\cos^3\text{t},\text{y}=3\sin\text{t}-2\sin^3\text{t} find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}. 6 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{x}=3\cot-2\cos^3\text{t},
\text{y}=3\sin\text{t}-2\sin^3\text{t}
Differentiating both w.r.t. t,
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=-3\sin\text{t}-6\cos^2\text{t}(-\sin\text{t})
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=-3\sin\text{t}+6\cos^2\text{t}\sin\text{t}
And \text{y}=3\sin\text{t}-2\sin^2\text{t}
Differentiating both w.r.t. t,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=3\cos\text{t}-6\sin^2\text{t}\cos\text{t}
Now,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cot-2\sin^2\text{t}\cos\text{t}}{-\sin\text{t}+2\cos^2\text{t}\sin\text{t}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cot[1-2\sin^2\text{t]}}{\sin\text{t}[2\cos^2\text{t}-1]}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cot\text{t}
Differentiating both w.r.t. x,
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}(\cot\text{x})}{\text{dx}}=-\text{cosec}^2\text{x}
Q93. Find a point on the curve y = x3 + 1 where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining (1, 2) and (3, 28). 6 Marks
Ans: Let,
f(x) = x2 + 1
The tangent to the curve is parallel to the chord joining the points (1, 2) and (3, 28).
\therefore a = 1, b = 3
So, f(x) = x2 + 1 is continuous on [1, 3] and differentiable on (1, 3).
Concequently, there exists \text{c}\in(1,3) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(3)-\text{f}(1)}{3-1}
Now,
f(x) = x2 + 1
⇒ f'(x) = 3x2, f(1) = 2, f(3) = 28
\Rightarrow3\text{x}^2=\frac{26}{2}
\Rightarrow3\text{x}^2=13
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\pm\sqrt{\frac{13}{3}}
Thus, \text{c}=\sqrt{\frac{13}{3}} such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(3)-\text{f}(1)}{3-1}
Clearly,
\text{f}(\text{c})=\bigg[\Big(\frac{13}{3}\Big)^{\frac{3}{2}}+1\bigg]
Thus, c, f(c), i.e. \bigg(\sqrt{\frac{13}{3}},1+\Big(\frac{13}{3}\Big)^{\frac{3}{2}}\bigg), is a point on the given curve where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining the points (1, 2) and (3,
28).
Q94. If \sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}+\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}=\text{a}(\text{x}-\text{y}), prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}}{1-\text{x}^2} 6 Marks
Ans: We have, \sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}+\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}=\text{a}\big(\text{x}-\text{y}\big)

Let \text{x}=\sin\text{A},\text{y}=\sin\text{B}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-\sin^2\text{A}}+\sqrt{1-\sin^2\text{B}}=\text{a}\big(\sin\text{A}-\sin\text{B}\big)
\Rightarrow\cos\text{A}+\cos\text{B}=\text{a}\big(\sin\text{A}-\sin\text{B}\big)
\Rightarrow\text{a}=\frac{\cos\text{A}+\cos\text{B}}{\sin\text{A}-\sin\text{B}}
\Rightarrow\text{a}=\frac{2\cos\frac{\text{A}+\cos\text{B}}{2}\cos\frac{\text{A}-\text{B}}{2}}{2\cos\frac{\text{A}+\text{B}}{2}\sin\frac{\text{A}-\text{B}}{2}}
\begin{bmatrix}\because\sin\text{A}-\sin\text{B}=2\cos\frac{\text{A}+\text{B}}{2}\sin\frac{\text{A}-\text{B}}{2} \\ \because\cos \text{A}+\cos\text{B}=2\cos\frac{\text{A}+\text{B}}
{2}\cos\frac{\text{A}-\text{B}}{2}\end{bmatrix}
\Rightarrow\text{a}=\cot\Big(\frac{\text{A}-\text{B}}{2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\cot^{-1}\text{a}=\frac{\text{A}-\text{B}}{2}
\Rightarrow2\cot^{-1}\text{a}={\text{A}-\text{B}}
\Rightarrow2\cot^{-1}\text{a}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}-\sin^{-1}\text{y}
\Big[\because \text{x}=\sin\text{A},\text{y}=\sin\text{B}\Big]
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(2\cot^{-1}\text{a}\big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big)-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sin^{-1}\text{y}\big)
\Rightarrow0=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sqrt\frac{1-\text{y}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}
Q95. If \text{y}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}{\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1-\text{y}^2 6 Marks
Ans: Givne, \text{y}=\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}{\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}

Differentiate with respect to x,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}{\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}\Big)
=\Bigg[\frac{\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)}{\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)^2}\Bigg]
[Using quotient rule and chain rule]
=\begin{bmatrix} \frac{\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)\Big[\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(-\text{x})-\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-
\text{x}}\big)\Big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(-\text{x})\Big)\Big]}{\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)^2} \end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix} \frac{\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)-\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-
\text{x}}\big)\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)}{\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)^2} \end{bmatrix}
=\bigg[\frac{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}+2\text{e}^{\text{x}}\times\text{e}^{-\text{x}}-\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}+2\text{e}^{\text{x}}\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}
{\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)^2}\bigg]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg[\frac{4}{(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}})^2}\bigg]\ .....(\text{i})
Now,
1-\text{y}^2=1-\Big(\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}{\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}\Big)^2
=1-\frac{(\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}})^2}{(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}})^2}
=\frac{(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}})^2-(\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}})^2}{(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}})^2}
=\frac{4}{(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}})^2}
\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}
Ans: Let \text{f(x)} =\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}

\Rightarrow\ \text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})=\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}
\therefore \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\{\text{f(x)}\}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})=\text{f(x)}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}}-\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}\Big(\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}-1\Big)}{\text{h}}
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\bigg(\frac{\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}-1}{{\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}}-
\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}\bigg)\times\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}{\text{h}}\bigg)
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}{\text{h}}\times\frac{\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}
{\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}
\Big[\text{Since, } \lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}-1}{\text{x}}=1\text{ and rationalizing numerator}\Big]
\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})-\cot\text{x}}{\text{h}\big(\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\big)}
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\frac{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})\cot\text{x}+1}{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h}-\text{x})}}
{\text{x}\big(\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\big)}
\Big[\text{Since,} \cot(\text{A}-\text{B})=\frac{\cot\text{A}\cot\text{B}+1}{\cot\text{A}-\cot\text{B}}\Big]
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})\cot\text{x}+1}{\cot(-
\text{h})\times\text{h}\big(\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\big)}
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})\cot\text{x}+1}{\Big(\frac{\text{h}}
{\cot\text{h}}\Big)\big(\sqrt{\cot(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\big)}
=\frac{\text{e}^\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\times(\cot^2\text{x}+1)}{2\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}\ \Big[\because\ \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\tan\text{x}}{\text{x}}=1\Big]
=-\frac{\text{e}^\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\times\text{cosec}^2\text{x}}{2\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}\ \big[\because(1+\cot^2\text{x})=\text{cosec}^2\text{x}\big]
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{e}^\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\Big)=-\frac{\text{e}^\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\times\text{cosec}^2\text{x}}{2\sqrt{\cot}\text{x}}
Q97. If x and y are connected parametrically by the equations given in Exercise without eliminating the parameter, Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 6 Marks
\text{x}=\frac{\sin^3\text{t}}{\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}},\text{y}\frac{\cos^3\text{t}}{\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}
Ans: The given equations are \text{x}=\frac{\sin^3\text{t}}{\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}\text{ and y}=\frac{\cos^3\text{t}}{\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}

Then, \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}= \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big[\frac{\sin^3\text{t}}{\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}\Big]
=\frac{\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin^3\text{t})-\sin^3\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}{\cos2\text{t}}
=\frac{\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}.3\sin^2\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin\text{t})-\sin^3\text{t}\times\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos2\text{t})}{\cos2\text{t}}
=\frac{3\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}.\sin^2\text{t}\cos\text{t}-\frac{\sin^3\text{t}}{2\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}.(-2\sin2\text{t})}{\cos2\text{t}}
=\frac{3\cos2\text{t}\sin^2\text{t}\cos\text{t}+\sin^3\text{t}\sin2\text{t}}{\cos2\text{t}\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big[\frac{\cos^3\text{t}}{\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}\Big]
=\frac{\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos^3\text{t})-\cos^3\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}})}{\cos2\text{t}}
=\frac{\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}\cos^2\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos\text{t})-\cos^3\text{t}.\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos2\text{t})}{\cos2\text{t}}
=\frac{3\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}.\cos^2\text{t}(-\sin\text{t})-\cos^3\text{t}.\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}.(-2\sin2\text{t})}{\cos2\text{t}}
=\frac{-3\cos2\text{t}\cdot\cos^2\text{t}\cdot\sin\text{t}+\cos^3\text{t}.\sin2\text{t}}{\cos2\text{t}\cdot\sqrt{\cos2\text{t}}}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}
{\text{dt}}\Big)}=\frac{-3\cos2\text{t}.\cos^2\text{t}.\sin\text{t}+\cos^3\text{t}\sin2\text{t}}{3\cos2\text{t}\sin^2\text{t}\cos\text{t}+\sin^3\text{t}\sin2\text{t}}
=\frac{-3\cos2\text{t}.\cos^2\text{t}.\sin\text{t}+\cos^3\text{t}(2\sin\text{t}\cos\text{t})}{3\cos2\text{t}\sin^2\text{t}\cos\text{t}+\sin^3\text{t}(2\sin\text{t}\cos\text{t})}
=\frac{\sin\text{t}\cos\text{t}[-3\cos2\text{t}.\cos\text{t}+2\cos^3\text{t}]}{\sin\text{t}\cos\text{t}[3\cos2\text{t}\sin\text{t}+2\sin^3\text{t}]}
=\frac{[-3(2\cos^2\text{t}-1)\cos\text{t}+2\cos^3\text{t}]}{[3(1-2\sin^2\text{t})\sin\text{t}+2\sin^3\text{t}]} \begin{bmatrix}\cos2\text{t}=(2\cos^2\text{t}-1). \\\cos2\text{t}=(1-
2\sin^2\text{t}) \end{bmatrix}
=\frac{-4\cos^3\text{t}+3\cos\text{t}}{3\sin\text{t}-4\sin^3\text{t}}
=\frac{-\cos3\text{t}}{\sin3\text{t}} \begin{bmatrix}\cos3\text{t}=4\cos^3\text{t}-3\cos\text{t}. \\\sin3\text{t}=3\sin\text{t}-4\sin^3\text{t} \end{bmatrix}
=-\cot3\text{t}
\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}
Ans: Let \text{f(x)}=\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}

\Rightarrow\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})=\text{e}^{\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{h})}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0 }\frac{\text{e}^{\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{h})}}-\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}\frac{\text{e}^{\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\sqrt{2\text{x}}}-1}{\text{h}}
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg(\frac{\big(\text{e}^{2(\text{x}+\text{h})-\sqrt{2\text{x}}}-1\big)}{\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{h})}-
\sqrt{2\text{x}}}\Bigg)\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\sqrt{2\text{x}}}{\text{h}}\bigg)
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sqrt{2}(\text{x}+\text{h})-\sqrt{2\text{x}}}{\text{h}}\
\Big[\text{Since},\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^\text{h}-1}{\text{h}}=1\Big]
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\sqrt{2\text{x}}}{\text{h}}\times\frac{\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\sqrt{2\text{x}}}
{\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{x})}+\sqrt{2\text{x}}}
[\text{Rationalizing the numerator]}
=\text{de}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2(\text{x}+\text{h})-2\text{x}}{\text{h}\big(\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\sqrt{2\text{x}}\big)}
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{x}+2\text{h}-2\text{x}}{\text{h}\big(\sqrt{2}(\text{x}+\text{h})+\sqrt{2\text{x}}\big)}
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{h}}{\text{h}\big(\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\sqrt{2\text{x}}\big)}
=\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{h}}{\big(\sqrt{2(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\sqrt{2\text{x}}\big)}
=\frac{\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}}{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}\big)=\frac{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}}{\sqrt{2\text{x}}}
Q99. \text{If y}=\text{e}^{\text{a}\cos^{-1}\text{x}},-1\leq\text{x}\leq1,\ \text{show that}(1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}- 6 Marks
\text{a}^2\text{y}=0.
Ans: it is given that, \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{a}\cos^{-1}\text{x}}

Taking logarithm on both the sides we obtain
\log\text{y}=\text{a}\cos^{-1}\text{x}\log\text{e}
\log\text{y}=\text{a}\cos^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{a}\times\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{ay}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
By squaring both the sides, we obtain
\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=\frac{\text{a}^2\text{y}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\ (1-\text{x}^2)\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=\text{a}^2\text{y}^2
(1-\text{x}^2)\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=\text{a}^2\text{y}^2
Again differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}^2)+(1-\text{x}^2)\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}\Big)^2\Big]=\text{a}^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}^2)
\Rightarrow\ \Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2(-2\text{x})+(1-\text{x}^2)\times2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}.\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{a}^2.2\text{y}.\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ -\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+(1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{a}^2.\text{y}\ \Big[\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\neq0\Big]
\Rightarrow\ (1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{a}^2\text{y}=0
Hence, proved.
Q100. Differentiate \sin^{-1}\Big(2\text{ax}\sqrt{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}\Big) with respect to \sqrt{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}, if -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{ax}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}. 6 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(2\text{ax}\sqrt{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}\Big)

Put \text{ax} =\sin\theta\Rightarrow\theta=\sin^{-1}(\text{ax})
\therefore\text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(2\sin\theta\sqrt{1-\sin^{2}\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}(2\sin\theta\cos\theta)
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
And
Let, \text{v}=\sqrt{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2\big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\frac{0-2\text{a}^2\text{x}}{2\sqrt{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{a}^2\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{ii})
Here,
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{ax}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\sin\theta<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\text{u}=2\theta\Big[\text{Since},\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{u}=2\sin^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=2\times\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(\text{ax})^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{ax})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}(\text{a})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\text{a}}{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}\ .....(\text{iii})
Dividing equation (iii) by (ii),
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\Big(\frac{2\text{a}}{\sqrt{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}}\Big)\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}}{\text{-a}^2\text{x}}\Big)
\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=-\frac{2}{\text{ax}}
\text{x}^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}+\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2+1}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}+\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2+1}\Big)

\text{y}=\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^{\sin\text{c}-\cos\text{x}}}+\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2+1}\Big)
\text{y}=\text{e}^{(\sin\text{c}-\cos\text{x})\log\text{x}}+\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2+1}\Big)
\big[\text{Since},\text{e}^{\log\text{a}}=\text{a},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule and quotient rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\text{e}^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\log\text{x}}\Big]+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2+1}\Big]
=\text{e}^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\log\text{x}}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\log\text{x}\big\} \\ +\bigg[\frac{(\text{x}^2+1)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2-
1)-(\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+1)}{(\text{x}^2+1)^2}\bigg]
=\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}}\Big[(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\Big]
\\+\Big[\frac{(\text{x}^2+1)(2\text{x})-(\text{x}^2-1)(2\text{x})}{(\text{x}^2+1)^2}\Big]
=\text{e}^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}\Big[(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)+\log\text{x}(\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x})\Big] \\
+\Big[\frac{2\text{x}^3+2\text{x}-2\text{x}^3+2\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+1)^2}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}}\Big[\frac{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}(\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x})\Big]+\frac{4\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+1)^2}
Q102. If \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{ax}^2-\text{b}, & \text{if |x|}<1\\\frac{1}{|\text{x}|}, & \text{if |x|}\geq1\end{cases} is differentiable at x = 1, find a, b. 6 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{ax}^2-\text{b}, & \text{if |x|}<1\\\frac{1}{|\text{x}|}, & \text{if |x|}\geq1\end{cases}
=\begin{cases}-\frac{1}{\text{x}}, & \text{if |x|}\leq-1\\\text{ax}^2-\text{b}, & \text{if}-1<\text{x}<1\\\frac{1}{\text{x}},&\text{if x}\geq1\end{cases}
\text{LHL }=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(1-\text{h})
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{a}(1-\text{h})^2-\text{b}
= \text{a}- \text{b}
\text{RHL }=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(1+\text{h})
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{1}{1+\text{h}}
Since, f(x) is continuous, so
LHL = RHL
a - b = 1 .......(1)
(LHL at x = 1) =\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(1-\text{h})-1}{1-\text{h}-1}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{a}(1-\text{h})^2-\text{b}-1}{-\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{a}(1-\text{h})^2-(\text{a}-1)-1}{-\text{h}}
Using equation (1),
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{a}+\text{ah}^2-2\text{ah}-\text{a}+1-1}{-\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{ah}^2-2\text{ah}}{-\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(2\text{a}-\text{ah})
=2\text{a}
RHL at x = 1 =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}
\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(1+\text{h})-{\text{f}(1)}}{1+\text{h}-1}
\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\frac{1}{1+\text{h}}-1}{\text{h}}
\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-1-\text{h}}{(1+\text{h})\text{h}}
= -1
Since f(x) is differentiable at x = 1,
(LHL at x = 1) = (RHL at x = 1)
2a = -1
\text{a}=\frac{-1}{2}
Put \text{a}=\frac{-1}{2} in equation (1),
a-b=1
\Big(\frac{-1}{2}\Big)-\text{b}=1
\text{b}=\frac{-1}{2}-1
\text{b}=\frac{-3}{2}
\text{a}=\frac{-1}{2}
Q103. If \text{x}=\text{a}\Big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)\text{ and y}=\text{a}\Big(\text{t}-\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big), prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}} 5 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{x}=\text{a}\Big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)

Differentiating it with respect to t,
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)
=\text{a}\Big(\text{t}-\frac{1}{\text{t}^{2}}\Big)
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}\Big(\frac{\text{t}^{2}-1}{\text{t}^{2}}\Big)\ .....(\text{i})
And, \text{y}=\text{a}\Big(\text{t}-\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)
Differetiating it with respect to t,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\text{t}-\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)
=\text{a}\Big(1+\frac{1}{\text{t}^{2}}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}\Big(\frac{\text{t}^{2}+1}{\text{t}^{2}}\Big)\ .....(\text{ii})
\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\text{a}\frac{(\text{t}^{2}+1)}{\text{t}^{2}}\times\frac{\text{t}^{2}}{\text{a}(\text{t}^{2}-1)}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{t}^{2}+1}{\text{t}^{2}-1}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}
\Big[\text{Since},\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}=\frac{\text{a}(\text{t}^{2}+1)}{\text{t}}\times\frac{\text{t}}{\text{a}(\text{t}^{2}-1)}=\Big(\frac{\text{t}^{2}+1}{\text{t}^{2}-1}\Big)\Big]
y = xn + nx + xx + nn
Ans: We have, y = xn + nx + xx + nx
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{x}^\text{n}+\text{n}^\text{x}+\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^\text{x}}+\text{n}^\text{n}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{x}^\text{n}+\text{n}^\text{x}+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}+\text{n}^\text{n}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^\text{n})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{n}^\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}})+\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(\text{n}^\text{n})
=\text{nx}^{\text{n}-1}+\text{n}^\text{x}\log\text{n}=\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]
=\text{nx}^{\text{n}-1}+\text{n}^\text{x}\log\text{n}=\text{x}^{\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)+\log\text{x}\Big]
=\text{nx}^{\text{n}-1}+\text{n}^\text{x}\log\text{n}=\text{x}^{\text{x}}\big[1+\log\text{x}\big]
=\text{nx}^{\text{n}-1}+\text{n}^\text{x}\log\text{n}=\text{x}^{\text{x}}\big[\log\text{e}+\log\text{x}\big] \\ \big[\because\log_\text{e}\text{e}=1\text{ and
}\log\text{A}+\log\text{B}=\log(\text{AB})\big]
=\text{nx}^{\text{n}-1}+\text{n}^\text{x}\log\text{n}=\text{x}^{\text{x}}\log\big(\text{ex}\big)
Q105. If the value of c prescribed in Roll's theorem for the function 5 Marks
\text{f}(\text{x})=2\text{x}(\text{x}-3)^{\text{n}} on the interval \big[0,2\sqrt3\big] is \frac{3}{4}, write the value of n (a positive integers).
Ans: We have,
\text{f}(\text{x})=2\text{x}(\text{x}-3)^{\text{n}}
Differentiating the given function with respect to x, we get
\text{f}'(\text{x})=2\big[\text{xn}(\text{x}-3)^{\text{n}-1}+(\text{x}-3)^{\text{n}}\big]
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=2(\text{x}-3)^{\text{n}}\Big[\frac{\text{xn}}{(\text{x}-3)}+1\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{c})=2(\text{c}-3)^{\text{n}}\Big[\frac{\text{cn}}{(\text{c}-3)}+1\Big]
Given:
\text{f}'\Big(\frac{3}{4}\Big)=0
\therefore\ 2-\Big(\frac{9}{4}\Big)^{\text{n}}\Bigg[\frac{\frac{3}{4}\text{n}}{\big(\frac{-9}{4}\big)}+1\Bigg]=0
\Rightarrow2-\Big(\frac{9}{4}\Big)^{\text{n}}\Big[\frac{-\text{n}}{3}+1\Big]=0
\Rightarrow\Big[\frac{-\text{n}}{3}+1\Big]=0
\Rightarrow-\text{n}+3=0
\Rightarrow\text{n}=3
Q106. If ey= yx, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(\log\text{y})^2}{\log\text{y}-1} 5 Marks
Ans: We have, ey = yx
\log\text{e}^{\text{y}}=\log\text{y}^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{y}\log\text{e}=\text{x}\log\text{y}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{x}\log\text{y}\ .....(\text{i})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{y})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{y})+\log\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(1-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big)=\log\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big(\frac{\text{y}-\text{x}}{\text{y}}\big)=\log\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}\log\text{y}}{\text{y}-\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{y}\log\text{y}}{\Big(\text{y}-\frac{\text{y}}{\log\text{y}}\Big)}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}\log\text{y}(\log\text{y})}{\text{y}\log\text{y}-\text{y}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}(\log\text{y})^2}{\text{y}(\log\text{y}-1)}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(\log\text{y})^2}{(\log\text{y}-1)}
Q107. If \text{x}=\text{e}^{\cos2\text{t}} and \text{y}=\text{e}^{\sin2\text{t}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}\log\text{x}}{\text{x}\log\text{y}} 5 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{x}=(\text{e}^{\cos2\text{t}}) and \text{y}=\text{e}^{\sin2\text{t}}

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\big(\text{e}^{\cos2\text{t}}\big) and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\big(\text{e}^{\sin2\text{t}}\big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{e}^{\cos2\text{t}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos2\text{t}) and \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{e}^{\cos2\text{t}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}
(\cos2\text{t})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{e}^{\cos2\text{t}}(-\sin2\text{t})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(2\text{t}) and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\text{e}^{\sin2\text{t}}
(\cos2\text{t})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(2\text{t})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=-2\sin 2\text{t}\text{e}^{\cos2\text{t}} and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=2\cos 2\text{t}\text{e}^{\sin2\text{t}}
\because\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{2\cos2\text{te}^{\sin2\text{t}}}{-2\sin2\text{te}^{\cos2\text{t}}}
\begin{bmatrix} \because\text{x}=\text{e}^{\cos2\text{t}}\Rightarrow\log\text{x}=\cos2\text{t} \\ \text{y}=\text{e}^{\sin2\text{t}}\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\sin2\text{t} \end{bmatrix}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}\log\text{x}}{\text{x}\log\text{y}}
Q108. Verify Rolle's theorem of the following function on the indicated interval 5 Marks
\text{f}(\text{x})=2\sin\text{x}+\sin2\text{x}\text{ on }[0,\pi]
Ans: Here,
\text{f}(\text{x})=2\sin\text{x}+\sin2\text{x}\text{ on }[0,\pi]
We know that sine function is continuous and differentiable every where, so f(x) is continuous is [0,\pi] and differentiable is (0,\pi).
Now,
\text{f}(0)=2\sin0+\sin0=0
\text{f}(\pi)=2\sin\pi+\sin2\pi=0
\Rightarrow\text{f}(0)=\text{f}(\pi)
So, Rolle's theorem is applicable, so there must exist a point \text{c}\in(0,\pi) such that f'(c) = 0.
Now,
\text{f}(\text{x})=2\sin\text{x}+\sin2\text{x}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=2\cos\text{x}+2\cos2\text{x}
Now,
\text{f}'(\text{c})=0
2\cos\text{c}+2\cos2\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow2(\cos\text{c}+2\cos^2\text{c}-1)=0
\Rightarrow(2\cos^2+2\cos\text{c}-\cos\text{c}-1)=0
\Rightarrow(2\cos\text{c}-1)(\cos\text{c}+1)=0
\Rightarrow\cos\text{c}=\frac{1}{2},\cos\text{c}=-1
\Rightarrow\tan\text{c}=1
\text{c}=\frac{\pi}{3}\in(0,\pi),\text{c}=\pi
\frac{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}}{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}}
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\frac{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}}{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}}{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}}\Big]
=\Bigg[\frac{\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)-
\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)}{\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{4\text{x}}\big)^2}\Bigg]
=\frac{(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}})\Big[\text{e}^{2\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(-2\text{x})\Big]-
\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)\Big[\text{e}^{2\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(-2\text{x})\Big]}
{\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{2\text{x}}\big)^2}
=\frac{\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)\big(2\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-2\text{e}^{-2\text{e}}\big)-
\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)\big(2\text{e}^{2\text{e}}+2\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)}{\big(\text{e}^{2\text{e}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)^2}
=\frac{2\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)^2-2\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)^2}{\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)^2}
=\frac{2\big[\text{e}^{4\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-4\text{x}}-2\text{e}^{2\text{x}}\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{4\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-4\text{x}}-2\text{e}^{2\text{x}}\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big]}
{\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)^2}
=\frac{-8}{\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)^2}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}}{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}}\Big)=\frac{-8}{\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}\big)^2}
Q110. If \text{y}=(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}},\frac{\pi}{4}<\text{x}<\frac{3\pi}{4}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 5 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}) \\ +(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}) \\ +\frac{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})+(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})[1+\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\big[(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})\big\{1+\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\big\}\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})} \\ \big[(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})\big\{1+\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\big\}\big]
Q111. If (\sin\text{x})^{\text{y}}=\text{x}+\text{y}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1-(\text{x}+\text{y})\text{y}\cot\text{x}}{(\text{x}+\text{y})\log\sin\text{x}-1} 5 Marks
Ans: Here,
(\sin\text{x})^{\text{y}}=\text{x}+\text{y}
Taking log on both the sides,
\log(\sin\text{x})^\text{y}=\log(\text{x}+\text{y})
\text{y}\log(\sin\text{x})=\log(\text{x}+\text{y})\ \big[\text{Since},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule, product rule,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}\log(\sin\text{x}))=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})
\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\sin\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}+\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})
\frac{\text{y}}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big[1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
\frac{\text{y}(\cos\text{x})}{(\sin\text{x})}+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}+\frac{1}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\log\sin\text{x}-\frac{1}{\text{x}+\text{y}}\Big)=\frac{1}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}-\text{y}\cot\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{(\text{x}+\text{y})\log\sin\text{x}-1}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big)=\Big(\frac{1-\text{y}(\text{x}+\text{y})\cot\text{x}}{\text{x}+\text{y}}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\frac{1-\text{y}(\text{x}+\text{y})\cot\text{x}}{(\text{x}+\text{y})\log\sin\text{x}-1}\Big)
(\log\text{x})^\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\log\text{x})^\text{x}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log(\log\text{x})^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})\ \big[\text{Since}, \log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentiating with respect to x, using product rule, chain rule,
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\log\text{x})+\log\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
=\text{x}\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\log\text{x}(1)
=\frac{\text{x}}{\log\text{x}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\log\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}+\log\log\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}+\log\log\text{x}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}+\log\log\text{x}\Big]
Q113. If \text{xy}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})=1, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}(\text{x}^2\text{y}+\text{x}+\text{y})}{\text{x}(\text{xy}^2+\text{x}+\text{y})} 5 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{xy}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})=1\ .....(\text{i})
Differentiaitng with respect to x using chain rula, product rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy}\log(\text{x}+\text{y}))=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1)
\text{xy}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})+\text{x}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})=0
\frac{\text{xy}}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big(1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)+\text{x}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})(1)=0
\Big(\frac{\text{xy}}{\text{x}+\text{y}}\Big)\Big(1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)+\text{x}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{x}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})=0
\Big(\frac{\text{xy}}{\text{x}+\text{y}}\Big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{xy}}{\text{x}+\text{y}}+\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{xy}}\Big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\Big(\frac{1}
{\text{xy}}\Big)=0
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{\text{xy}}{\text{x}+\text{y}}+\frac{1}{\text{y}}\Big]=-\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\frac{\text{xy}}{\text{x}+\text{y}}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{\text{xy}^2+\text{x}+\text{y}}{(\text{x}+\text{y})\text{y}}\Big]=-\Big[\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}+\text{x}^2\text{y}}{\text{x}(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}+\text{x}^2\text{y}}{\text{x}+\text{y}+\text{xy}^2}\Big)
(\sin\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log(\sin\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\log\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log\text{x}\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\log\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}}(\cos\text{x})+\frac{\log\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\log\text{x}\cot\text{x}+\frac{\log\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}\Big[\log\text{x}\cot\text{x}+\frac{\log\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big]
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{a}+\text{b}\tan\text{x}}{\text{b}-\text{a}\tan\text{x}}\Big)
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big[\frac{\text{a}+\text{b}\tan\text{x}}{\text{b}-\text{a}\tan\text{x}}\Big]

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\bigg[\frac{\frac{\text{a}+\text{b}\tan\text{x}}{\text{b}}}{\frac{\text{b}-\text{a}\tan\text{x}}{\text{b}}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\bigg[\frac{\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}+\tan\text{x}}{1-\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}\tan\text{x}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Bigg[\frac{\tan\Big(\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}\Big)+\tan\text{x}}{1-\tan\Big(\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}\Big)\times\tan\text{x}}\Bigg]
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big[\tan\Big(\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}+\text{x}\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}\big)+\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0+1
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1
\text{y}=(\tan\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}+\cos^2\big(\frac{\pi}{4}\big)
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=(\tan\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}+\cos^2\big(\frac{\pi}{4}\big)
\text{y}=\text{e}^{\log(\tan\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}}+\cos^2\big(\frac{\pi}{2}\big)
\text{y}=\text{e}^{\log\text{x}\log\tan\text{x}}+\cos\text{x}^2\big(\frac{\pi}{4}\big)
\big[\text{Since, e}^{\log\text{a}}=\text{a and}\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentiating ti using chain rule and product rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\log\text{x}\log\tan\text{x}})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos^2\big(\frac{\pi}{4}\big)
=\text{e}^{\log\text{x}\log\tan\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x}\log\tan\text{x})+0
=\text{e}^{\log(\tan\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}}\Big[\log\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\tan\text{x})+\log\tan\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})\Big]
=(\tan\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}\Big[\log\times\Big(\frac{1}{\tan\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})+\log\tan\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\Big]
=(\tan\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}\Big[\log\times\Big(\frac{1}{\tan\text{x}}\Big)\big(\sec^2\text{x}\big)+\frac{\log\tan\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\tan\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}\Big[\log\times\Big(\frac{\sec^2\text{x}}{\tan\text{x}}\Big)+\frac{\log\tan\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big]
Q117. Derivative of y = f(x) w.r.t. x (if exists) is denoted by \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} or f'(x) and is called the first order derivative of y. If we take derivative of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} again, then 5 Marks
we get \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} or f''(x) and is called the second order derivative of y. Similarly, \frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\Big) is denoted and defined as \frac{\text{d}^3\text{y}}{\text{dx}^3} or f'''(x) and is known as third order derivative of y and so on.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
1. If \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\log(\frac{\text{e}}{\text{x}^2})}{\log(\text{ex}^2)}\Big)+\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{3+2\log\text{x}}{1-6\log\text{x}}\Big), then \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}
{\text{dx}^2} is equal to:
1. 2
2. 1
3. 0
4. -1
2. If u = x2 + y2 and x = s + 3t, y = 2s - t, then \frac{\text{d}^2\text{u}}{\text{ds}^2} is equal to:
1. 12
2. 32
3. 36
4. 10
3. If \text{f}(\text{x})=2\log\sin\text{x}, then f''(x) is equal to:
1. 2\text{cosec}^3\text{x}
2. 2\cot^2\text{x}-4\text{x}^2\text{cosec}^2\text{x}^2
3. 2\text{x}\cot\text{x}^2
4. -2\text{cosec}^2\text{x}
4. If \text{f}(\text{x})=\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}, then f'''(x) =
1. 2\text{e}^\text{x}(\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x})
2. 2\text{e}^\text{x}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})
3. 2\text{e}^\text{x}(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})
4. 2\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}
5. If \text{y}^2=\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}, then \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}^3\text{y}_2)=
1. 1
2. -1
3. \frac{4\text{ac}-\text{b}^2}{\text{a}^2}
4. 0
Ans: 1. (c) 0
Solution:
Given, \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{\log\big(\frac{\text{e}}{\text{x}^2}\big)}{\log\text{ex}^2}\Bigg)+\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{3+2\log\text{x}}{1-6\log\text{x}}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\log\text{x}^2}{1+\log\text{x}^2}\Big)+\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{3+2\log\text{x}}{1-6\log\text{x}}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}(1)-\tan^{-1}(2\log\text{x})+\tan^{-1}(3)+\tan^{-1}(2\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}(1)+\tan^{-1}(3)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=0
2. (d) 10
Solution:
Given, \text{x}=\text{s}+3\text{t},\text{y}=2\text{s}-\text{t}\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{ds}}=1,\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{ds}}=2
Now, \text{u}=\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{ds}}=2\text{x}\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{ds}}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{ds}}=2\text{x}+4\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{u}}{\text{ds}^2}=2\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{ds}}\Big)+4\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{ds}}\Big)\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{u}}{\text{ds}^2}=2(1)+4(2)=10
3. (d) -2\text{cosec}^2\text{x}
Solution:
We have, \text{f}(\text{x})=2\log\sin\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=2\cdot\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\cdot\cos\text{x}=2\cot\text{x}\Rightarrow\text{f}''(\text{x})=-2\text{cosec}^2\text{x}
4. (b) 2\text{e}^\text{x}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})
Solution:
We have, \text{f}(\text{x})=\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}+\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}=\text{e}^\text{x}(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\text{f}''(\text{x})=\text{e}^\text{x}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})+\text{e}^\text{x}(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})=2\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'''(\text{x})=2[\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}-\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}]=2\text{e}^\text{x}[\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}]
5. (d) 0
Solution:
Given, y2 = ax2 + bx + c
⇒ 2yy1 = 2ax + b
⇒ 2yy1 + y1(2y1) = 2a
\Rightarrow\text{yy}_2=\text{a}-\text{y}^2_1\Rightarrow\text{yy}_2=\text{a}-\Big(\frac{2\text{ax}+\text{b}}{2\text{y}}\Big)^2
=\frac{4\text{y}^2\text{a}-(4\text{a}^2\text{x}^2+\text{b}^2+4\text{abx})}{4\text{y}^2}
\Rightarrow\text{y}^3\text{y}_2=\frac{4\text{a}(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c})-(4\text{a}^2\text{x}^2+\text{b}^2+4\text{abx})}{4}
=\frac{4\text{ac}-\text{b}^2}{4}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}^3\text{y}_2)=0
f(x) = x2 + 5 x + 6 on the interval [-3, -2]
Ans: Here, f(x) = x2 + 5 x + 6 on [-3, -2]

f(x) is continuous is [-3, -2] and f(x) is differentiable is (-3, -2) since it is a polynomial function.
Now,
f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6
f(-3) = (-3)2 +5(-3) + 6
= 9 - 15 + 6
f(-3) = 0 ....(i)
f(-2) = (-2)2 + 5(-2) + 6
= 4 - 10 + 6
f(-2) = 20 ....(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii),
f(-3) = f(-2)
So, Rolle's theorem is applicable is [-3, -2], we have to show that
f'(c) = 0 as \text{c}\in (-3,-2)
Now,
f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6
f'(x) = 2x + 5
⇒ f'(c) = 0
2c + 5 = 0
\text{c}=\frac{-5}{2}\in(-3,-2)
So, Rolle's theorem is verified.
Q119. If (\cos\text{x})^{\text{y}}=(\tan\text{y})^{\text{x}}, Prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\log\tan\text{y}-\text{y}\tan\text{x}}{\log\cos\text{x}-\text{x}\sec\text{y cosec y}} 5 Marks
Ans: Here,
(\cos\text{x})^{\text{y}}=(\tan\text{y})^{\text{x}}
\log(\cos\text{x})^{\text{y}}=\log(\tan\text{y})^{\text{x}}
\text{y}\log(\cos\text{x})=\text{x}\log(\tan\text{y})
\big[\text{Since}, \log\text{e}^{\text{b}}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule and product rule,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}\log\cos\text{x})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\tan\text{y})
\Big(\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\cos\text{x}+\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big) \\ =\Big(\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\tan\text{y}+\log\tan\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big)
\Big(\text{y}\big(\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big) \\ =\Big(\text{x}\frac{1}{\tan\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{y})+\log\tan\text{y}(1)\Big)
\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\cos\text{x}}(-\sin\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)\\ =\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\tan\text{y}}(\sec^2\text{y})\Big)\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}+\log\tan\text{y}-\text{y}\tan\text{x}+\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ =\Big(\sec\text{y cosec y}\times\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\tan\text{y}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big[\log\cos\text{x}-\text{x}\sec\text{y cosec y}\big] \\ =\log\tan\text{y}+\text{y}\tan\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big[\frac{\log\tan\text{x}+\text{y}\tan\text{x}}{\log\cos\text{x}-\text{x}\sec\text{y cosec y}}\Big]
Q120. If \text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\theta+\theta\sin\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}(\sin\theta-\theta\cos\theta) prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{x}}{\text{d}\theta^2}=\text{a}(\cos\theta- 5 Marks
\theta\sin\theta),\frac{\text{d}^2}{\text{d}\theta^2} =\text{a}(\sin\theta-\theta\cos\theta)\ \text{and}\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\sec^3\theta}{\text{a}\theta}
Ans: It is given that, \text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\text{t}+\text{t}\sin\text{t}),\text{y}=\text{a}(\sin\text{t}-\text{t}\cos\text{t})

\therefore\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos\text{t}+\text{t}\sin\text{t})
=\text{a}\Big[-\sin\text{t}+\sin\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}.}(\text{t})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin\text{t})\Big]
=\text{a}[-\sin\text{t}+\sin\text{t}+t\cos\text{t}]=\text{at}\cos\text{t}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin\text{t}-\text{t}\cos\text{t})
=\text{a}\Big[\cos\text{t}-\Big\{\cos\text{t}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{t})+\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos\text{t})\Big\}\Big]
=\text{a}[\cos\text{t}-\{\cos\text{t}-\text{t}\sin\text{t}\}]=\text{at}\sin\text{t}
then, \therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}=\frac{\text{at}\sin\text{t}}{\text{at}\cos\text{t}}=\tan\text{t}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{t})=\sec^2\text{t}.\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}
=\sec^2\text{t}.\frac{1}{\text{at}\cos\text{t}}\ \Big[\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{at}\cos\text{t}\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{at}\cos\text{t}}\Big]
=\frac{\sec^3\text{t}}{\text{at}},0<\text{t}<\frac{\pi}{2}
Q121. If \text{y}=\cot^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}+\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}}{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}-\sqrt{1-\sin\theta}}\Big\}, show that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} is independent of x. 5 Marks
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cot^{-1}\Big[\frac{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}+\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}}{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}-\sqrt{1-\sin\theta}}\Big] \ .....(\text{i})

Then, \frac{\sqrt{1+\sin\theta}+\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}}{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}-\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}}
=\frac{\big(\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}+\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}\big)^2}{\big(\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}-\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}\big)\big(\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}+\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}\big)}
=\frac{(1+\sin\text{x})+(1-\sin\text{x})+2\sqrt{(1-\sin\text{x})(1+\sin\text{x})}}{(1+\sin\text{x})-(1-\sin\text{x})}
=\frac{2+2\sqrt{1-\sin^2\text{c}}}{2\sin\text{x}}
=\frac{1+\cos\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}}
=\frac{2\cos^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{2\sin\frac{\text{x}}{2}\cos\frac{\text{x}}{2}}
=\cot\frac{\text{x}}{2}
Therefore, equation (i) becomes
\text{y}=\cot^{-1}\Big(\cot\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\frac{\text{x}}{2}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}
\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}+(\tan\text{x})^\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}+(\tan\text{x})^\text{x}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\log(\tan\text{x})^\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log(\tan\text{x})}
Differentiating with resepect to x,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\text{e}^{\text{x}\log(\tan\text{x})}\big\}
=\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log(\tan\text{x})}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\tan\text{x})
=\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}(\cos\text{x})+\text{e}^{\log(\tan\text{x})^\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\tan\text{x})+\log\tan\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]
=\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}(\cos\text{x})+(\tan\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\frac{\text{x}}{\tan\text{x}}(\sec^2\text{x})+\log\tan\text{x}\Big]
=\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}(\cos\text{x})+(\tan\text{x})^\text{x}\big[\text{x}\sec\text{x cosec x}+\log\tan\text{x}\big]
Q123. If \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2-\text{y}^2}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}\Big)=\text{a} prove that \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\frac{(1-\tan\text{a})}{(1+\tan\text{a})} 5 Marks
Ans: We have, \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2-\text{y}^2}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}\Big)=\text{a}

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{x}^2-\text{y}^2}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}=\tan\text{a}
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2-\text{y}^2=\tan\text{a}(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2-\text{y}^2)=\tan\text{a}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)
\Rightarrow\Big(2\text{x}-2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\tan\text{a}\Big(2\text{x}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)
\Rightarrow2\text{x}-2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{x}\tan\text{a}+2\text{y}\tan\text{a}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow2\text{y}\tan\text{a}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{x}-2\text{x}\tan\text{a}
\Rightarrow2\text{y}(1+\tan\text{a})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{x}(1-\tan\text{a})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big(\frac{1-\tan\text{a}}{1+\tan\text{a}}\Big)
Q124. Find whether the function is differentiable at x = 1 and x = 2 5 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x} & \text{x}\leq1\\2-\text{x} & 1\leq\text{x}\leq2\\-2+3\text{x}&\text{x}>2\end{cases}
Ans: \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x} & \text{x}\leq1\\2-\text{x} & 1\leq\text{x}\leq2\\-2+3\text{x}&\text{x}>2\end{cases}

\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x} & \text{x}\leq1\\-1 & 1\leq\text{x}\leq2\\3-2\text{x}&\text{x}>2\end{cases}
Now,
LHL =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}1=1
RHL =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}-1=-1
Since, at \text{x}=1,\text{LHL}\neq\text{RHL}
Hence, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1
Again,
LHL =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{-}}\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{-}}-1=-1
RHL =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{+}}\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{+}}3-2\text{x}=3-4=-1
Since, at x = 2, LHL = RHL
Hence, f(x) is differentiable at x = 2.
Q125. Find the values of a and b such that the function f defined by \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}-4}{|\text{x}-4|}+\text{a},&\text{if x}<4\\\text{a+}\text{b},&\text{if x}=4\\\frac{\text{x}-4} 5 Marks
{|\text{x}-4|}+\text{b},&\text{if x}>4\end{cases} is a continuous function at x = 4.
Ans: Consider, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}-4}{|\text{x}-4|}+\text{a},&\text{if x}<4\\\text{a+}\text{b},&\text{if x}=4\\\frac{\text{x}-4}{|\text{x}-4|}+\text{b},&\text{if x}>4\end{cases}

At x = 4 \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4^-}\frac{\text{x}-4}{|\text{x}-4|}+\text{a}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{4-\text{h}-4}{|4-\text{h}-4|}+\text{a}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\text{h}}{\text{h}}+\text{a}
=-1+\text{a}
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4^+}\frac{\text{x}-4}{|\text{x}-4|}+\text{b}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{4+\text{h}-4}{|4+\text{h}-4|}+\text{b}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}}{\text{h}}+\text{b}=1+\text{b}
\text{f}(4)=\text{a}+\text{b}
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0
\therefore L.H.L = R.H.L = f(0)
⇒ -1 + a = 1 + b = a + b
⇒ -1 + a = a + b and 1 + b = a + b
\therefore b = -1 and a = 1
Q126. Verify Lagrange's mean value theorem for the following function on the indicated intervals. find a point 'c' in the indicated interval as stated by the Lagrange's mean value theorem. 5 Marks
\text{f}(\text{x})=\tan^{-1}\text{x}\text{ on }[0,1]
Ans: We have,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\tan^{-1}\text{x}
Clearly, f(x) is continuous on 0, 1 and derivable on 0, 1
Concequently, there exist some \text{c}\in-3,4 such that
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(1)-\text{f}(0)}{1-0}=\frac{\text{f}(1)-\text{f}(0)}{1}
Now,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2},\text{f}(1)=\frac{\pi}{4},\text{f}(0)=0
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}=\frac{\pi}{4}-0
\Rightarrow49\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}-1\Big)=\text{x}^2
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\pm\sqrt{\frac{4-\pi}{\pi}}
Thus, \text{c}=\sqrt{\frac{4-\pi}{\pi}}\in(0,1) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(1)-\text{f}(0)}{1-0}
Hence, Lagrange's mean value theorem is verified.
Q127. If x13 y7 = (x + y)20, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}} 5 Marks
Ans: Here,
x13y7 = (x + y)20
\log(\text{x}^{13}\text{y}^7)=\log(\text{x}+\text{y})^{20}
13\log\text{x}+7\log\text{y}=20\log(\text{x}+\text{y})
\big[\text{Since},\log(\text{AB})=\log\text{A}+\log\text{B},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
13\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+7\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{y})=20\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}+\text{y})
\frac{13}{\text{x}}+\frac{7}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{20}{\text{x}+\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})
\frac{13}{\text{x}}+\frac{7}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{20}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big[1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
\frac{7}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{20}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}=\frac{20}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}-\frac{13}{\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{\text{7}}{\text{y}}-\frac{20}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big]=\frac{20}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}-\frac{13}{\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{2(\text{x}+\text{y})-20\text{y}}{\text{y}(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big]=\Big[\frac{20\text{x}-13(\text{x}+\text{y})}{\text{x}(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big[\frac{20\text{x}-13\text{x}-13\text{y}}{\text{x}(\text{x}+\text{y})}\Big]\Big(\frac{\text{y}(\text{x}+\text{y})}{7\text{x}+7\text{y}-20\text{y}}\Big)
=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big(\frac{7\text{x}-13\text{y}}{7\text{x}-13\text{y}}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}
\text{y}=\frac{\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\times\log\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-2\text{x}}}
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\frac{\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\times\log\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-2\text{x}}}\ .....(\text{i})
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\times\sec^\text{x}\times\log\text{x}}{(1-2\text{x})^\frac{1}{2}}
\log\text{y}=\log\text{e}^{\text{ax}}+\log{\sec\text{x}}+\log\log\text{x}-\frac{1}{2}\log(1-2\text{x}) \\ \begin{bmatrix} \text{Since}, \log\Big(\frac{\text{A}}{\text{B}}\Big)=\log\text{A}-
\log\text{B},\\ \log(\text{AB})=\log\text{A}+\log\text{B} \end{bmatrix}
\log\text{y}=\text{ax}+\log{\sec\text{x}}+\log\log\text{x}-\frac{1}{2}\log(1-2\text{x}) \\ \big[\text{Since}, \log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a and }\log_\text{e}\text{e}=1\big]
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{ax})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sec\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\log\text{x})-\frac{1}{2}\log(1-
2\text{x})
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{a}+\frac{1}{\sec\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sec\text{x})+\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{1-
2\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-2\text{x})
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{a}+\frac{\sec\text{x}\tan\text{x}}{\sec\text{x}}+\frac{1}{(\log\text{x})}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)-\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{1-2\text{x}}\Big)
(-2)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\text{a}+\tan\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}+\frac{1}{1-2\text{x}}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\log\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-2\text{x}}}\Big[\text{a}+\tan\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}+\frac{1}{1-2\text{x}}\Big]
f(x) = x(x - 2)2 on the interval [0, 2]
Ans: Given function is f(x) = x(x - 2)2. Which can be rewritten as f(x) = x3 - 4x2 + 4x.
We know that a polynomial function is everywhere derivable and hence continuous.
So, being a polynomial function f(x) is continuous and derivable on [0, 2].
Also,
f(0) = f(2) = 0
Thus, all the conditions of Rolle's theorem are satisfied.
Now, we have to show that there exists \text{c}\in[0,2] such that f'(c) = 0.
We have
f(x) = x3 - 4x2 + 4x
⇒ f'(x) = 3x2 - 8x + 4
When, f'(x) = 0
3x2 - 8x + 4 = 0
⇒ 3x2 - 6x - 2x + 4 = 0
⇒ 3x(x - 2) - 2(x - 2) = 0
⇒ (x - 2)(3x - 2)
\Rightarrow\text{x}=2,\frac{2}{3}
Thus, \text{c}=\frac{2}{3}\in(0,2) such that f'(c) = 0.
Q130. If \text{x}=\Big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)^\text{a},\text{y}=\text{a}^{\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 5 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{x}=\Big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)^{\text{a}}

Differentiating it with respect to t using chain rule,
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\left[\Big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)^{\text{a}}\right]
=\text{a}\Big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)^{\text{a-1}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}\Big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)^{\text{a-1}}\Big(\text{1}-\frac{1}{\text{t}^{2}}\Big)\ .....(\text{i})
And, \text{y}=\text{a}^{(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}})}
Differentiating it with respect to t using chain rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\bigg[\text{a}^{\big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\big)}\bigg]
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\text{a}^{\big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\big)}\times\log\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\left(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\right)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}^{\big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\big)}\times\log\text{a}\Big(\text{t}-\frac{1}{\text{t}^{2}}\Big)\ .....(\text{ii})
\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{\text{a}^{\big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\big)}\times\log\text{a}\left(1-\frac{1}{\text{t}^{2}}\right)}
{\text{a}\big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\big)^{\text{a}-1}\big(1-\frac{1}{\text{t}}^{2}\big)}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{a}^{\big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\big)}\times\log\text{a}}{\text{a}\big(\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}}\big)^{\text{a}-1}}
Q131. Find the points of discontinuity, if any of the following function: 5 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^4+\text{x}^3+2\text{x}^2}{\tan^{-1}\text{x}},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\10,&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}
Ans: When \text{x}\neq0, we have \text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{x}^4+\text{x}^3+2\text{x}^2}{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}

We know that a polynomial is continuous for x < 0 and x > 0, Also the inverse trignometric function is continuous in its domain.
Here, X4 + x3 + 2x2 is polnomial, so is continuous for x < 0 and x > 0 and \tan^{-1}\text{x} is also continuous for x < 0 and x > 0
So, the quotient function \text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{x}^4+\text{x}^3+2\text{x}^2}{\tan^{-1}\text{x}} is continuous for each x < 0 and x > 0
Now, consider the point x = 0
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(-\text{h})^4+(-\text{h})^3+2(-\text{h})^2}{\tan^{-1}(-\text{h})}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^4-\text{h}^3+2\text{h}^2}
{\tan^{-1}\text{h}}=0
\text{RHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^4+\text{h}^3+2\text{h}^2}{\tan^{-1}\text{h}}=0
\text{f}(0)=10
Thus, \text{LHL}=\text{RHL}\neq\text{f}(0)
Hence, the function is not continuous at x = 0
Q132. A function f : R → R satisfies the equation f(x + y) = f(x)f(y) fot all x, y ∈ R, f(x) ≠ 0. Suppose that the function is differentiable at x = 0 and f'(0) = 2. Prove that f'(x) = 2 f(x). 5 Marks
Ans: Let f : R → R satisfies the equation \text{f(x+y})=\text{f(x).f(y)},\forall\text{ x, y}\in\text{R, f(x)} \neq0.

Let f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 and f'(0) = 2.
\Rightarrow\ \text{f}'(0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}-0}
\Rightarrow\ 2=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ 2=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0+\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{0+\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\ 2=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0).\text{f(h)}-\text{f}(0)}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\ 2=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0)[\text{f(h)-1]}}{\text{h}} [\because\text{f}(0)=\text{f(h)}]\ \dots(\text{i})
Also, \text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f(x}+\text{h)}-\text{f(x)}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f(x)}.\text{f(h)}-\text{f(h)}}{\text{h}} [\because\text{f(x+y)}=\text{f(x).f(y)}]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f(x)}[\text{f(h)}-1]}{\text{h}}=2 \text{f(x) }[\text{using Eq.(i)}]
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{x})=2\text{f(x)}
Q133. Extend the definition of the following by continuity \text{f(x)}=\frac{1-\cos7(\text{x}-\pi)}{5(\text{x}-\pi)^2} at the point \text{x}=\pi. 5 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=\frac{1-\cos7(\text{x}-\pi)}{5(\text{x}-\pi)^2},\text{ x}=\pi
If f(x) is continuous at \text{x}=\pi, then
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(\pi)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi}\frac{1-\cos7(\text{x}-\pi)}{5(\text{x}-\pi)^2}=\text{f}(\pi)
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{5}\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi}\frac{\sin^2\Big(\frac{7(\text{x}-\pi)}{2}\Big)}{(\text{x}-\pi)^2}=\text{f}(\pi)
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{5}\times\frac{49}{4}\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi}\frac{\sin^2\Big(\frac{7(\text{x}-\pi)}{2}\Big)}{\frac{49}{4}(\text{x}-\pi)^2}=\text{f}(\pi)
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{5}\times\frac{49}{4}\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi}\frac{\sin^2\Big(\frac{7(\text{x}-\pi)}{2}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{7}{2}(\text{x}-\pi)\Big)^2}=\text{f}(\pi)
\Rightarrow\begin{bmatrix}\frac{2}{5}\times\frac{49}{4}\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi}\frac{\sin\Big(\frac{7(\text{x}-\pi)}{2}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{7}{2}(\text{x}-
\pi)\Big)}\end{bmatrix}^2=\text{f}(\pi)
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{5}\times\frac{49}{4}\times1=\text{f}(\pi)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{5}\times\frac{49}{2}\times1=\text{f}(\pi)
\Rightarrow\frac{49}{10}=\text{f}(\pi)
Hence, the given function will be continuous at \text{x}=\pi, if \text{f}(\pi)=\frac{49}{10}
Q134. Examine the differentiability of f, where f is defined by: 5 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}1+\text{x},&\text{if x}\leq2\\5-\text{x},&\text{if x}>2\end{cases}
at x = 2.
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}1+\text{x},&\text{if x}\leq2\\5-\text{x},&\text{if x}>2\end{cases} at x = 2.

Let's first check continuity at x = 2
For continuity at x = 0,
\text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}(1+\text{x})=3
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^+}(5-\text{x})=3
\text{f}(2)=1+2=3
So, f(x) is continuous at x = 2
For differentiability at x = 2,
\text{Lf}'(2)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(2)}{\text{x}-2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(2-\text{h})-\text{f}(2)}{2-\text{h}-2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(1+2-\text{h})-3}{2-
\text{h}-2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\text{h}}{-\text{h}}=1
\text{Rf}'(2)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^+}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(2)}{\text{x}-2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(2+\text{h})-\text{f}(2)}{2+\text{h}-2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{5-(2+\text{h})-3}
{2+\text{h}-2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\text{h}}{\text{h}}=-1
Since, Lf'(2) ≠ Rf'(2)
So, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.
Q135. If for function \phi(\text{x})=\lambda\text{x}^2+7\text{x}-4, \phi(5)=97, find \lambda. 5 Marks
Ans: Given: \phi(\text{x})=\lambda\text{x}^2+7\text{x}-4

Clearly, being a polynomial function, is differentiable everywhere. Therefore the derivative of \phi at x is given by:
\phi'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\phi(\text{x}+\text{h})-\phi(\text{x})}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\phi'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\lambda(\text{x}+\text{h})^2+7(\text{x}+\text{h})-4-\lambda\text{x}^2-7\text{x}+4}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\phi'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\lambda(\text{x}+\text{h})^2+7(\text{x}+\text{h})-4-\lambda\text{x}^2-7\text{x}+4}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\phi'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\lambda\text{h}^2+2\lambda\text{xh}+7\text{h}}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\phi'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\text{h}(\lambda\text{h}+2\lambda\text{x}+7)}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\phi'(\text{x})=2\lambda\text{x}+7
It is given \phi'(5)=97
Thus, \phi'(5)=10\lambda+7=97
\Rightarrow10\lambda+7=97
\Rightarrow10\lambda=90
\Rightarrow\lambda=9
Q136. If a relation between x and y is such that y cannot be expressed in terms of x, then y is called an implicit function of x. When a given relation expresses y as an implicit function of x and we 5 Marks
want to find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}, then we differentiate every term of the given relation w.r.t. x, remembering that a tenn in y is first differentiated w.r.t. y and then multiplied
by \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}.
Based on the ab:ve information, find the value of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} in each of the following questions.
1. x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3 = 81
1. \frac{(3\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}+\text{y}^2)}{\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}+3\text{y}^2}
2. \frac{-(3\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}+\text{y}^2)}{\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}+3\text{y}^2}
3. \frac{(3\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}-\text{y}^2)}{\text{x}^2-2\text{xy}+3\text{y}^2}
4. \frac{3\text{x}^2+\text{xy}+\text{y}^2}{\text{x}^2+\text{xy}+3\text{y}^2}
2. xy = ex-y
1. \frac{\text{x}-\text{y}}{(1+\log\text{x})}
2. \frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{(1+\log\text{x})}
3. \frac{\text{x}-\text{y}}{\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})}
4. \frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})}
3. \text{e}^{\sin\text{y}}=\text{xy}
1. \frac{-\text{y}}{\text{x}(\text{y}\cos\text{y}-1)}
2. \frac{\text{y}}{\text{y}\cos\text{y}-1}
3. \frac{\text{y}}{\text{y}\cos\text{y}+1}
4. \frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}(\text{y}\cos\text{y}-1)}
4. \sin^2\text{x}+\cos^2\text{y}=1
1. \frac{\sin2\text{y}}{\sin2\text{x}}
2. -\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{\sin2\text{y}}
3. -\frac{\sin2\text{y}}{\sin2\text{x}}
4. \frac{\sin2\text{x}}{\sin2\text{y}}
5. \text{y}=(\sqrt{\text{x}})^{\sqrt{\text{x}}^\sqrt{\text{x}}...\infty}
1. \frac{-\text{y}^2}{\text{x}(2-\text{y}\log\text{x})}
2. \frac{\text{y}^2}{2+\text{y}\log\text{x}}
3. \frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{x}(2+\text{y}\log\text{x})}
4. \frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{x}(2-\text{y}\log\text{x})}
Ans: 1. (b) \frac{-(3\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}+\text{y}^2)}{\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}+3\text{y}^2}

Solution:
\text{x}^3+\text{x}^2\text{y}+\text{xy}^2+\text{y}^3=81
\Rightarrow3\text{}^2+\text{x}^2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\text{xy}+2\text{xy}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2+3\text{y}^2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}+3\text{y}^2)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-3\text{x}^2-2\text{xy}-\text{y}^2
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-(3\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}+\text{y}^2)}{\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}+3\text{y}^2}
2. (c) \frac{\text{x}-\text{y}}{\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})}
Solution:
\text{x}^\text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}-\text{y}}\Rightarrow\text{y}\log\text{x}=\text{x}-\text{y}
\text{y}\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}[\log\text{x}+1]=1-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}-\text{y}}{\text{x}[1+\log\text{x}]}
3. (d) \frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}(\text{y}\cos\text{y}-1)}
Solution:
\text{e}^{\sin\text{y}}=\text{xy}\Rightarrow\sin\text{y}=\log\text{x}+\log\text{y}
\Rightarrow\cos\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\cos\text{y}-\frac{1}
{\text{y}}\Big]=\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}(\text{y}\cos\text{y}-1)}
4. (d) \frac{\sin2\text{x}}{\sin2\text{y}}
Solution:
\sin^2\text{x}+\cos^2\text{y}=1
\Rightarrow2\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}+2\cos\text{y}\Big(-\sin\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\sin2\text{x}}{-\sin2\text{y}}=\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{\sin2\text{y}}
5. (d) \frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{x}(2-\text{y}\log\text{x})}
Solution:
\text{y}=(\sqrt{\text{x}})^{\sqrt{\text{x}}^\sqrt{\text{x}}...\infty}\Rightarrow\text{y}=(\sqrt{\text{x}})^\text{y}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{y}(\log\sqrt{\text{x}})\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}(\text{y}\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\Big[\text{y}\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\frac{1}{\text{y}}-\frac{1}{2}\log\text{x}\Big\}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{2\text{x}}\times\frac{2\text{y}}{(2-\text{y}\log\text{x})}=\frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{x}(2-\text{y}\log\text{x})}
y = ex + 10x + xx
Ans: Here, \text{y}=\text{e}^\text{x}+10^\text{x}+\text{x}^\text{x}

\text{e}^{\text{x}}+10^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^\text{x}}
\big[\text{Since, e}^{{\log}_\text{a}^\text{b}}=\text{a},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
\text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}}+10^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^\text{x}}
Differentiating it with respect to x using product rule, chain rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(10^{\text{x}})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\big)
=\text{e}^\text{x}+10^\text{x}\log10+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{x})
=\text{e}^\text{x}+10^\text{x}\log10+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]
=\text{e}^\text{x}+10^\text{x}\log10+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}(1)\Big]
=\text{e}^\text{x}+10^\text{x}\log10+\text{x}^{\text{x}}[1+\log\text{x}]
=\text{e}^\text{x}+10^\text{x}\log10+\text{x}^{\text{x}}[\log\text{e}+\log\text{x}] \big[\text{Since}, \log_\text{e}\text{e}=1\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^\text{x}+10^\text{x}\log10+\text{x}^\text{x}(\log\text{ex})\ \big[\text{Since}\log\text{A}+\log\text{B}=\log\text{AB}]
Q138. 5 Marks
Let C be a curve defined parametrically as \text{x}=\text{a}\cos^3\theta,\text{y}=\text{a}\sin^3\theta,0\leq\theta\leq\frac{\pi}{2}. Determine a point P on C, where the tangent to C is
parallel to the chord joining the points (a, 0) and (0, a).
Ans: As, \text{x}=\text{a}\cos^3\theta

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=-3\text{a}\cos^2\theta\sin\theta
And, \text{y}=\text{a}\sin^3\theta
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=3\text{a}\sin^2\theta\cos\theta
So, \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}=\frac{3\text{a}\sin^2\theta\cos\theta}
{-3\text{a}\cos^2\theta\sin\theta}=-\tan\theta
For the tangent to be parallel to the chord joining the points (a, 0) and (0, a).
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{0-\text{a}}{\text{a}-0}
\Rightarrow-\tan\theta=-1
\Rightarrow\tan\theta=1
\Rightarrow\theta=\frac{\pi}{4}
Now,
\text{x}=\text{a}\cos^3\frac{\pi}{4}=\text{a}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)^3=\frac{\text{a}}{2\sqrt2} and
\text{y}=\text{a}\sin^3\frac{\pi}{4}=\text{a}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)^3=\frac{\text{a}}{2\sqrt2}
So, the point P on the curve C is \Big(\frac{\text{a}}{2\sqrt2},\frac{\text{a}}{2\sqrt2}\Big).
Q139. A function f(x) is said to be continuous in an open interval (a, b), if it is continuous at every point in this interval. 5 Marks
A function f(x) is said to be continuous in the closed interval [a, b), if f(x) is continuous in (a, b) and \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{a}+\text{h})=\text{f}
(\text{a}) and \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{b}-\text{h})=\text{f}(\text{b})
If function \text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin(\text{a}+1)\text{x}+\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}&,\text{x}<0\\\text{c}&,\text{x}=0\\\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}+\text{bx}^2}-\sqrt{\text{x}}}
{\text{bx}^{\frac{3}{2}}}&,\text{x}>0\end{cases} is continuous at x = 0, then answer the following questions.
1. The value of a is:
1. -\frac{3}{2}
2. 0
3. \frac{1}{2}
4. -\frac{1}{2}
2. The value of b is:
1. 1
2. -1
3. 0
4. Any real number.
3. The value of c is:
1. 1
2. \frac{1}{2}
3. -1
4. -\frac{1}{2}
4. The value of a + c is:
1. 1
2. 0
3. -1
4. -2
5. The value of c - a is:
1. 1
2. 0
3. -1
4. 2
Ans: \text{L.H.L.}(\text{at x})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin(\text{a}+1)\text{x}+\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big(\frac{0}{0}\text{ form}\Big)

Using L' Hospital rule, we get
\text{L.H.L.} (\text{at x} = 0)
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}(\text{a}+1)\cos(\text{a}+1)\text{x}+\cos\text{x}=\text{a}+2
\text{R.H.L.} (\text{at x} = 0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}+\text{bx}^2}-\sqrt{\text{x}}}{\text{bx}^\frac{3}
{2}}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{bx}}-1}{\text{bx}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{bx}}+1}=\frac{1}{2}
Since,f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
\therefore From (i) and (ii), we get
\text{a}+2=\text{c}=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow\text{a}=-\frac{3}{2},\text{c}=\frac{1}{2}
Also, value of b does not affect the continuity of f(x), so b can be any real number.
1. (a) -\frac{3}{2}
2. (d) Any real number.
3. (b) \frac{1}{2}
4. (c) -1
Solution:
\text{a}+\text{c}=-\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=-1
5. (d) 2
Solution:
\text{c}-\text{a}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{2}=2
Q140. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}, if \text{y}=\text{x}^{\tan\text{x}}+\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}}. 5 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\text{x}^{\tan\text{x}}+\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}}

Let \text{u}=\text{x}^{\tan\text{x}} and \text{v}=\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}}
\therefore\ \log\text{u}\log\text{x}^{\tan\text{x}}=\tan\text{x}\log\text{x}
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
\frac{1}{\text{u}}\cdot\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\tan\text{x}\cdot\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\cdot\sec^2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big[\frac{\tan\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\cdot\sec^2\text{x}\Big]
=\text{x}^{\tan\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\tan\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\cdot\sec^2\text{x}\Big]
Now, \text{v}=\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}\Big)^{\frac{-1}{2}}\frac{2\text{x}}{2}=\frac{\text{x}}{2}\sqrt{\frac{2}{\text{x}^2+1}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{2(\text{x}^2+1)}}
Now, \text{y}=\text{u}+\text{v}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} =\text{x}^{\tan\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\tan\text{x}}
{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\cdot\sec^2\text{x}\Big]+\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{2(\text{x}^2+1)}}
Q141. If \text{y}=\text{x}\sin(\text{a}+\text{y}), prove that \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin^2(\text{a}+\text{y})}{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})-\text{y}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})} 5 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\text{x}\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})
Differentiate with respect to y,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\text{x}\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})\}+\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
[Using product rule and chain rule]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}+\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})(1)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\{1-\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})\}=\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})}{1-\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})}{1-\frac{\text{y}}{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin^2(\text{a}+\text{y})}{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y}){-\text{y}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})}}
Hence, proved.
Q142. If \text{x}=\text{a}\sin2\text{t}(1+\cos 2\text{t}) and \text{y}=\text{b}\cos\text{t}(1-\cos2\text{t}), show that at \text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4},\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\text{ 5 Marks
t}=\frac{\pi}{4},\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}
Ans: Consider the given functions,

\text{x}=\text{a}\sin(2\text{t})(1+\cos2\text{t})\text{ and y}=\text{b}\cos2\text{t}(1-\cos2\text{t})
Rewriting the above function, we have,
\text{x}=\text{a}\sin2\text{t}+\frac{\text{a}}{2}\sin4\text{t}
Differentiating the above function w.r.t. 't', we have,
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{a}\cos2\text{t}+2\text{a}\cos4\text{t}\ .....(\text{i})
\text{y}=\text{b}\cos2\text{t}(1-\cos2\text{t})
\text{y}=\text{b}\cos2\text{t}-\text{b}\cos^22\text{t}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=-2\text{b}\sin2\text{t}+2\text{b}\cos2\text{t}\sin2\text{t} \\ =-2\text{b}\sin2\text{t}+\text{b}\sin4\text{t}\ .....(\text{ii})
From (1) and (2),
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{-2\text{b}\sin2\text{t}+\text{b}\sin4\text{t}}{2\text{a}\cos2\text{t}+2\text{a}\cos4\text{t}}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big|_{\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}\Bigg|_{\text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{-2\text{b}}
{-2\text{a}}=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}
Q143. If xx + yx = 1, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}(\text{y}+\text{x}\log\text{y})}{\text{x}(\text{y}\log\text{x}+\text{x})} 5 Marks
Ans: Here,
xx + y x = 1
Taking on bith sides,
\log(\text{x}^\text{y}\times\text{y}^\text{x})=\log(1)
\text{y}=\log\text{x}+\text{x}\log\text{y}=\log1
\big[\text{Since}, \log(\text{AB})=\log\text{A}+\log\text{B},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentiating it with respect to x using product rule,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}\log\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log1)
\Big[\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]+\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{y})+\log\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\text{(x)}\Big]=0
\Big[\text{y}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]+\Big[\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)+\log\text{y}(1)\Big]=0
\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\log\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}=0
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\log\text{x}+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big)=-\Big[\log\text{y}+\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{\text{y}\log\text{x}+\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big]=-\Big[\frac{\text{x}\log\text{y}+\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\text{x}\log\text{y}+\text{y}}{\text{y}\log\text{x}+\text{x}}\Big]
\log(3\text{x}+2)-\text{x}^2\log(2\text{x}-1)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\log(3\text{x}+2)-\text{x}^2\log(2\text{x}-1)

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\log(3\text{x}+2)-\text{x}^2\log(2\text{x}-1)\big]
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(3\text{x}+2)-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2\log(2\text{x}-1)\big)
=\frac{1}{3\text{x}+2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x}+2)-\Big[\text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(2\text{x}-1)+\log(2\text{x}-1)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2\big)\Big]
=\frac{3}{3\text{x}+2}\Big[\text{x}^2\times\frac{1}{2\text{x}-1}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x}-1)+\log(2\text{x}-1)\times2\text{x}\Big]
=\frac{3}{3\text{x}+2}-\frac{2\text{x}^2}{2\text{x}-1}-2\text{x}\log(2\text{x}-1)
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\log(3\text{x}+2)-\text{x}^2\log(2\text{x}-1)\big) \\ =\frac{3}{3\text{x}+2}-\frac{2\text{x}^2}{2\text{x}-1}-2\text{x}\log(2\text{x}-1)
Q145. Show that the function f defined as follows, 5 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}3\text{x}-2, & 0<\text{x}\leq1\\2\text{x}^2-\text{x,} & 1<\text{x}\leq2\\5\text{x}-4,&\text{x}>2\end{cases}
is countinuous at x = 2, but not differentiable there at x = 2.
Ans: Given:
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}3\text{x}-2, & 0<\text{x}\leq1\\2\text{x}^2-\text{x,} & 1<\text{x}\leq2\\5\text{x}-4,&\text{x}>2\end{cases}
First, we will show that f(x) is continuos at x = 2.
We have,
(LHL at x = 2)
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{-}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2-\text{h)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}2(2-\text{h)}^2-(2-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}(8+2\text{h}^2-8\text{h}-2+\text{h})
=6
(RHL at x = 2)
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{+}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2+\text{h)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}5(2+\text{h)}-4
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}(10+5\text{h}-4)
=6
and \text{f}(2)=2\times4-2=6
Thus, =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{-}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{+}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(2)
Hence the function is continuous at x = 2.
Now, we will check whether the given function is differerentiable at x = 2.
We have,
(LHL at x = 2)
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{-}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(2)}{\text{x}-2}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(2-\text{h})-\text{f}(2)}{-\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{h}^2-7\text{h}+6-6}{-\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}-2\text{h}+7
=7
(RHL at x = 2)
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{+}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(2)}{\text{x}-2}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(2+\text{h})-\text{f}(2)}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{10+5\text{h}-4-6}{\text{h}}
=5
Thus, LHL at x = 2 \neq RHL at x = 2.
Hence, function is no differentiable at x = 2.
Neirher continuous but not diffierentiable, if \text{m}\leq0
Ans: \text{LHL }=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\text{f(x)}

=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(-\text{h})^\text{m}\sin\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
= Not defined as \text{m}\leq0
\text{RHL }=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(+\text{h})^\text{m}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{0+\text{h}}\Big)
=Not defined, as \text{m}\leq0
Since RHL and LHL are not difined, so f(x) is not continuous
Let x = 0 for \text{m}\leq0.
(LHL at x = 0) =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-1}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0-\text{h})-(0)}{0-\text{h}-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(-\text{h})^\text{m}\sin\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)}{-\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(-\text{h})^\text{m-1}\sin\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
= Not definded, as \text{m}\leq0
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0+\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{0+\text{h}-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^\text{m}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{h})^{\text{m}^{-1}}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
= Not defined \text{m}\leq0
Thus,
f(x) is neither continuous not differentiable at x = 0 for \text{m}\leq0.
Q147. If yx = ey-x, Prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(1+\log\text{y})^2}{\log\text{y}} 5 Marks
Ans: Here,
yx = ey-x
\log\text{y}=\log\text{e}^{(\text{y}-\text{x})}
\big[\text{Since},\log\text{a}^{\text{b}}=\text{b}\log\text{a and}\log_\text{e}\text{e}=1\big]
\text{x}\log\text{y}=(\text{y}-\text{x})\log\text{e}
\text{x}\log\text{y}=\text{y}-\text{x}\ .....(\text{i})
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}-\text{x})
\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{y})+\log\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-1
\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}(1)=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-1
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}-1\Big)=-1-\log\text{y}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{(1+\log\text{y})\text{y}}\Big)=-(1+\log\text{y})
\Big[\text{Since, from equation (i), x}=\frac{\text{y}}{(1+\log\text{y})}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{1-1-\log\text{y}}{(1+\log\text{y})}\Big]=-(1+\log\text{y})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{(1+\log\text{y})^2}{-\log\text{y}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(1+\log\text{y})^2}{\log\text{y}}
Q148. If \text{y}\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}=\log\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\text{x}\Big), prove that \big(\text{x}^2+1\big)\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}+\text{xy}+1=0 5 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}=\log\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\text{x}\Big)

Differentiating with respect to x, we get,
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{y}\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\text{x}\Big)
[Using Product rule and chain rule]
\Rightarrow\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\big)+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ =\frac{1}{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-
\text{x}\big)}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\text{x}\big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{y}}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+1)+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}} \\ =\frac{1}{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-
\text{x}\big)}\times\Big[\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+1)-1\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{2\text{xy}}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ =\frac{1}{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\text{x}\big)}\Big[\frac{2\text{x}}
{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}-1\Big]
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ =\Big[\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\text{x}}\Big]\Big[\frac{\text{x}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big]-\frac{\text{xy}}
{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-(1+\text{xy})}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}
\Rightarrow\big(\text{x}^2+1\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-(1+\text{xy})
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^2+1)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+1+\text{xy}=0
Q149. Discuss the continuity of the following functions at the indicated point: 5 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}|\text{x}-\text{a|}\sin(\frac{1}{\text{x}-\text{a}}), &\text{for} \text{ x} \neq\text{a}\\0,&\text{for} \text{ x} = \text{a}\end{cases}\text{ at x}=0
Ans: \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}|\text{x}-\text{a|}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}-\text{a}}\Big),&\text{for }\text{x }\neq \text{a}\\0, &\text{for x } = \text{a}\end{cases}

(\text{LHL at x}=\text{a})\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \text{a}^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow \text{0}}\text{f}\text{(a}-\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow0}\text{|a}-\text{h}-\text{a|}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{a}-\text{h}-\text{a}}\Big)=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow0}\text{h}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{-\text{h}}\Big)
= 0 × (an oscillating number between -1 and 1)
=0
(\text{RHL at x}=\text{a})\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \text{a}^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow \text{0}}\text{f}\text{(a}+\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow0}\text{|a}+\text{h}-\text{a|}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{a}+\text{h}-\text{a}}\Big)=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow0}\text{h}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
= 0 × (an oscillating number between -1 and 1)
Thus, we obtian \lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow\text{a}^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow\text{a}^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{f}\text{(a)}
\therefore f(x) is continuous at x = a.
\text{e}^\text{x}\log\sin2\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{e}^\text{x}\log\sin2\text{x}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\text{e}^\text{x}\log\sin2\text{x}\big]
=\text{e}^\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\sin2\text{x}+\log\sin2\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)
=\text{e}^\text{x}\frac{1}{\sin2\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin2\text{x})+\log\sin2\text{x}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)
=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{\sin2\text{x}}\cos2\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})+\text{e}^\text{x}\log\sin2\text{x}
=\frac{2\cos2\text{xe}^\text{x}}{\sin2\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{x}\log\sin2\text{x}
=\text{e}^\text{x}(2\cot2\text{x}+\log\sin2\text{x})
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\log\sin2\text{x}\big)=\text{e}^\text{x}(2\cot2\text{x}+\log\sin2\text{x})
Q151. Let f : A → B and g : B → C be two functions defined on non-empty sets A, B, C, then gof : A → C be is called the composition of f and g defined as, \text{gof}(\text{x})=\text{g}\ 5 Marks
{\text{f(x)}\}\forall\text{ x }\epsilon\text{ A}.
Consider the functions \text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\sin\text{x},&\text{x}\geq0\\1-\cos\text{x},&\text{x}\leq0\end{cases},\text{g}(\text{x})=\text{e}^\text{x} and then answer the
following questions.
1. The function gof(x) is defined as:
1. \text{gof}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\text{e}^\text{x}&,\text{x}\geq0\\1-\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}&,\text{x}\leq0\end{cases}
2. \text{gof}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}&,\text{x}\leq0\\\text{e}^{1-\cos\text{x}}&,\text{x}\geq0\end{cases}
3. \text{gof}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}&,\text{x}\leq0\\1-\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}&,\text{x}\geq0\end{cases}
4. \text{gof}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}&,\text{x}\geq0\\\text{e}^{1-\cos\text{x}}&,\text{x}\leq0\end{cases}
2. \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\{\text{gof}(\text{x})\}=
1. [\text{gof}(\text{x})]'=\begin{cases}\cos\text{x}\cdot\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}&,\text{x}\geq0\\\text{e}^{1-\cos\text{x}}\cdot\sin\text{x}&,\text{x}\leq0\end{cases}
2. [\text{gof}(\text{x})]'=\begin{cases}\cos\text{x}\cdot\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}&,\text{x}\geq0\\-\sin\text{x}\cdot\text{e}^{1-\cos\text{x}}&,\text{x}\leq0\end{cases}
3. [\text{gof}(\text{x})]'=\begin{cases}\cos\text{x}\cdot\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}&,\text{x}\geq0\\\sin\text{x}\cdot({1-\cos\text{x}})&,\text{x}\leq0\end{cases}
4. [\text{gof}(\text{x})]'=\begin{cases}\cos\text{x}\cdot\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}&,\text{x}\geq0\\(1-{\sin\text{x}})\cdot\text{e}^{1-\cos\text{x}}&,\text{x}\leq0\end{cases}
3. R.H.D. of gof(x) at x = 0 is:
1. 0
2. 1
3. -1
4. 2
4. L.H.D. of gof(x) at x = 0 is:
1. 0
2. 1
3. -1
4. 2
5. The value of f'(x) at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4} is:
1. \frac{1}{9}
2. \frac{1}{\sqrt2}
3. \frac{1}{2}
4. Not defined.
Ans: 1. (d) \text{gof}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}&,\text{x}\geq0\\\text{e}^{1-\cos\text{x}}&,\text{x}\leq0\end{cases}

2. (a) [\text{gof}(\text{x})]'=\begin{cases}\cos\text{x}\cdot\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}&,\text{x}\geq0\\\text{e}^{1-\cos\text{x}}\cdot\sin\text{x}&,\text{x}\leq0\end{cases}
3. (b) 1
4. (a) 0
5. (b) \frac{1}{\sqrt2}
(\cos\text{x})^\text{x}+(\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\cos\text{x})^\text{x}+(\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{e}^{\log(\cos\text{x})^\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\log(\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}\log(\cos\text{x})}+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\sin\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\cos\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\sin\text{x}}\big)
=\text{e}^{\log\cos\text{x}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\cos\text{x})+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\sin}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\sin\text{x}\big)
=\text{e}^{\log(\cos\text{x})^\text{x}}\times\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\cos\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big] \\
+\text{e}^{\log(\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\times\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)\Big]
=(\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\text{x}\big(\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}+\log\cos\text{x}(1)\Big] \\ +(\sin)^\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big[\frac{1}
{\text{x}}\times\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)\Big]
=(\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}\Big)(-\sin\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}\Big] \\ +(\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}\times\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}
(\cos\text{x})-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\log\sin\text{x}\Big]
=(\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\big[\log\cos\text{x}-\text{x}\tan\text{x}\big](\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}} \\ \Big[\frac{\cot\text{x}}{\text{x}}-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\log\sin\text{x}\Big]
Q153. Find \text{y}=\text{Ae}^{-\text{kt}}\cos\text({pt}+\text{c})prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}+2\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}} 5 Marks
{\text{dt}}+\text{n}^2\text{y}=0,Where \text{n}^2=\text{p}^2+\text{k}^2.
Ans: We have,
\text{y}=\text{Ae}^{-\text{kt}}\cos\text({pt}+\text{c})...(1)
Differentiating y with respect to t, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=-\text{KAe}^{-\text{kt}}\cos(\text{pt}+\text{c})-\text{PAe}^{-\text{kt}}\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})
=-\text{ky}-\text{PAe}^{-\text{kt}}\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})\ [\text{from}(1)]
\Rightarrow\text{pAe}^{-\text{kt}}\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})=-\text{ky}-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}...(2)
Differentiating \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}} with respect to t, we get
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}}=-\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}+\text{pkAe}^{-\text{kt}}\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})-\text{p}^2\text{Ae}^{-\text{kt}}\cos(\text{pt}+\text{c})
=-\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}+\text{k}\Big(-\text{ky}-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)-\text{p}^2\text{y}\ [\text{from}(1)\ \text{and}\ (2)]
=-\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}-\text{k}^2\text{y}-\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}-\text{p}^2\text{y}
=-2\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}-(\text{k}^2+\text{p}^2)\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}+2\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}+(\text{k}^2+\text{p}^2)\text{y}=0
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}+2\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}} \text{n}^2\text{y}=0, where \text{n}^2=\text{p}^2+\text{k}^2.
Hence,
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}+2\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}} \text{n}^2\text{y}=0, where \text{n}^2=\text{p}^2+\text{k}^2.
Q154. If y = f(u) is a differentiable function of u and u = g(x) is a differentiable function of x, then y = f(g(x)] is a differentiable function of x and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{dy}} 5 Marks
{\text{du}}\times\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}. This rule is also known as CHAIN RULE.
Based on the above information, find the derivative of functions w.r.t. x in the following questions.
1. \cos\sqrt{\text{x}}
1. \frac{-\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}
2. \frac{\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}
3. \sin\sqrt{\text{x}}
4. -\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}
2. 7^{\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}}
1. \Big(\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)\cdot7^{\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\cdot\log7
2. \Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)\cdot7^{\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\cdot\log7
3. \Big(\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)\cdot7^{\text{x}-\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\cdot\log7
4. \Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)\cdot7^{\text{x}-\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\cdot\log7
3. \sqrt\frac{{1-\cos\text{x}}}{1+\cos\text{x}}
1. \frac{1}{2}\sec^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}
2. -\frac{1}{2}\sec^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}
3. \sec^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}
4. -\sec^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}
4. \frac{1}{\text{b}}\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{b}}\Big)+\frac{1}{\text{a}}\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)
1. \frac{-1}{\text{x}^2+\text{b}^2}+\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}
2. \frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{b}^2}+\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}
3. \frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{b}^2}-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}
4. None of these.
5. \sec^{-1}\text{x}+\text{cosec}^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
1. \frac{2}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
2. \frac{-2}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
3. \frac{1}{|\text{x}|\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
4. \frac{2}{|\text{x}|\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
Ans: 1. (a) \frac{-\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}

Solution:
Let \text{y}=\cos\sqrt{\text{x}}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\sqrt{\text{x}})=-\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sqrt{\text{x}})
=-\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}\times\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}=\frac{-\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}
2. (a) \Big(\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)\cdot7^{\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\cdot\log7
Solution:
Let \text{y}=7^{\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(7^{\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\Big)
=7^{\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\cdot\log7\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)=7^{\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\cdot\log7\cdot\Big(1-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)
=\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)\cdot7^{\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\cdot\log7
3. (a) \frac{1}{2}\sec^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}
Solution:
Let \text{y}=\sqrt\frac{{1-\cos\text{x}}}{1+\cos\text{x}}=\sqrt{\frac{1-1+2\sin^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{2\cos^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}-1+1}}=\tan\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sec^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\sec^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}
4. (b) \frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{b}^2}+\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}
Solution:
Let \text{y}=\frac{1}{\text{b}}\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{b}}\Big)+\frac{1}{\text{a}}\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{b}}\times\frac{1}{1+\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{b}^2}}\times\frac{1}{\text{b}}+\frac{1}{\text{a}}\times\frac{1}{1+\frac{\text{x}^2}
{\text{a}^2}}\times\frac{1}{\text{a}}
=\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{b}^2}+\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}
5. (d) \frac{2}{|\text{x}|\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
Solution:
Let \text{y}=\sec^{-1}\text{x}+\text{cosec}^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
Put \text{x}=\sec\theta\Rightarrow\theta=\sec^{-1}\text{x}
\therefore\text{y}=\sec^{-1}(\sec\theta)+\text{cosec}^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sec\theta}{\sqrt{\sec^2\theta-1}}\Big)
=\theta+\sin^{-1}\Big[\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}\Big]
=\theta+\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta+\theta=2\theta=2\sec^{-1}\text{x}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sec^{-1}\text{x})=2\times\frac{1}{|\text{x}|\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
=\frac{2}{|\text{x}|\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
Q155. If \log\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big), prove that \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x}-\text{y}} 5 Marks
Ans: Here,
\log\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\log(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)^{\frac{1}{2}}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\log(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\times\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=\frac{1}{1+\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)^2}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}\Big)\Big[2\text{x}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]=\frac{\text{x}^2}
{(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)}\bigg[\frac{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}\Big)\times2\Big(\text{x}+\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{x}^2}
{(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)}\bigg[\frac{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}(1)}{\text{x}^2}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\text{x}+\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}
\Rightarrow\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{y}-\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}-\text{x})=-(\text{y}+\text{x})
x2 e x .
Ans: Let f(x) = x2ex

⇒ f(x + h) = (x + h)2 e(x+h)
\therefore \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\{\text{f(x)}\}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})-\text{f(x)}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(\text{x}+\text{h})^2\text{e}^{(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\text{x}^2\text{e}^{\text{x}}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2\text{e}^{(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\text{x}^2\text{e}^\text{x}}{\text{h}}+\frac{2\text{xhe}^{(\text{x}+\text{h})}}
{\text{h}}+\frac{\text{h}^2\text{e}^{(\text{x}+\text{h})}}{\text{h}}\Big)
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\bigg(\frac{\text{x}^2\text{e}^\text{x}\big(\text{e}^{(\text{x}+\text{h}-\text{x})}-1\big)}
{\text{x}}+2\text{xe}^{(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\text{he}^{(\text{x}+\text{h})}\bigg)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\bigg[\text{x}^2\text{e}^{\text{x}}\frac{\big(\text{e}^\text{h}-1\big)}{\text{h}}+2\text{xe}^{(\text{x}+\text{h})}+\text{h}^{\text{e}}(\text{x}+\text{h})\bigg]
=\text{x}^2\text{e}^\text{x}+2\text{xe}^\text{x}+0\times\text{e}^\text{x}\ \Big[\text{Since,}\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}-1}{\text{x}}=1\Big]
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2\text{e}^\text{x})=\text{e}^\text{x}(\text{x}^2+2\text{x})
\log\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\log\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}\Big)^\frac{1}{2}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\big[\log(\text{x}-1)-\log(\text{x}+1)\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\Big[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\log(\text{x}-1)\big\}-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\log(\text{x}+1)\big\}\Big]
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}-\frac{1}{\text{x}+1}\Big)
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{2}{\text{x}^2-1}\Big)
=\frac{2}{\text{x}^2-1}
So,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{\text{x}^2-1}
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2-1}}{\text{ax}}\Big),\text{x}\neq0
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}-1}{\text{ax}}\Big)

Put \text{ax}=\tan\theta
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2}-1}{\text{ax}}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sec\theta-1}{\tan\theta}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\cos\theta}{\sin\theta}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{2\sin^2\theta}{2}}{\frac{2\sin\theta}{2}\frac{\cos\theta}{2}}\bigg)
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\tan\theta}{2}\Big)
=\frac{\theta}{2}
\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\tan^{-1}(\text{ax})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\times\Big(\frac{1}{1+(\text{ax})^2}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{ax})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2(1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2)}(\text{a})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{a}}{2(1+\text{a}^2\text{x}^2)}
(\sin^{-1}\text{x})^\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\sin^{-1}\text{x})^\text{x}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log(\sin^{-1}\text{x})^\text{x}
\log\text{y}=\text{x}\log(\sin^{-1}\text{x})\ \big[\text{Since},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin^{-1}\text{x})+\log\sin(-1)\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
=\text{x}\times\frac{1}{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big)+\log\sin^{-1}\text{x}(1)
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}}{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)+\log\sin^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\bigg[\log\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\frac{\text{x}}{\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big(\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\big)}\bigg]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin^{-1}\text{x})^2\Big[\log\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\frac{\text{x}}{\sin^{-1}\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big]
Q160. If \text{x}=3\sin\text{t}-\sin3\text{t}, \text{y}=3\cos-\cos3\text{t} find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} at \text{t}=\frac{\pi}{3}. 5 Marks
Ans: \text{x}=3\sin\text{t}-\sin3\text{t}, \text{y}=3\cos\text{t}-\cos3\text{t},

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=3.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\sin\text{t}-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin3\text{t}
=3\cos\text{t}-\cos3\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}3\text{t}=\cos\text{t}-3\cos3\text{t}\ \ \dots(\text{i})
and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=3.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\cos\text{t}-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\cos3\text{t}
=3\sin\text{t}+\sin3\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}3\text{t}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=3\sin3\text{t}-3\text{t}\sin\text{t}\ \ \dots(\text{ii})
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{3(\sin3\text{t}-\sin\text{t})}{3(\cos\text{t}-\cos3\text{t})}
Now, \Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)_{\text{t}=\frac{\pi}{3}}=\frac{\sin\frac{3\pi}{3}-\sin\frac{\pi}{3}}{\Big(\cos\frac{\pi}{3}-\cos3\frac{\pi}{3}\Big)} =\frac{0-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\frac{1}
{2}-(-1)}
=\frac{-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{-\sqrt{3}}{3}=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{3}}
Q161. If (\sin\text{x})^{\text{y}}=(\cos\text{y})^{\text{x}}, Prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\log\cos\text{y}-\text{y}\cot\text{x}}{\log\sin\text{x}+\text{x}\tan\text{y}} 5 Marks
Ans: We have, (\sin\text{x})^{\text{y}}=(\cos\text{y})^{\text{x}}

\log(\sin\text{x})^\text{y}=\log(\cos\text{y})^{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}\log(\sin\text{x})=\text{x}\log(\cos\text{y})
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\text{y}\log\sin\text{x}\big]=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\text{x}\log\cos\text{y}\big]
\Rightarrow\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ =\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\log\cos\text{y})+\log\cos\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
\Rightarrow\text{y}\Big(\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ =\frac{\text{x}}{\cos\text{y}}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{dx}}
(\cos\text{y})+\log\cos\text{y}(1)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{y}}{\sin\text{x}}(\cos\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ =\frac{\text{x}}{\cos\text{y}}(-\sin\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\cos\text{y}
\Rightarrow \text{y}\cot\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ =-\text{x}\tan\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\cos\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x}+\text{x}\tan\text{y}) \\ =\log\cos\text{y}-\text{y}\cot\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\log\cos\text{y}-\text{y}\cot\text{x}}{\log\sin\text{x}+\text{x}\tan\text{y}}
Q162. If \text{x}=\text{a}\sin\text{t}\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{a}(\cos\text{t}+\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}), find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} 5 Marks
Ans: \text{x}=\text{a}\sin\text{t}\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{a}(\cos\text{t}+\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}),

\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}\cos\text{t}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{x}}{\text{dt}^2}=-\text{a}\sin\text{t}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{a}\frac{1}{\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}}\times\sec^2\frac{\text{t}}{2}\times\frac{1}{2}
=-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{a}\frac{1}{2\sin\frac{\text{t}}{2}\cos\frac{\text{t}}{2}}
=-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{a}\ \text{cosec}\ \text{t}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}=-\text{a}\cos\text{t}-\text{a cosec t}\cot\text{t}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\frac{\text{d}^2\text{x}}{\text{dt}^2}}
{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}\Big)^3}
=\frac{\text{a}\cos\text{t}(-\text{a}\cos\text{t}-\text{a}\ \text{cosec t}\cot\text{t})-(-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{a}\text{cosec t})(-\text{a}\sin\text{t})}{(\text{a}\cos\text{t})^3}
=\frac{-\text{a}^2\cos^2\text{t}-\text{a}^2\cot^2\text{t}-\text{a}^2\sin^2\text{t}+\text{a}^2}{\text{a}^3\cos^3\text{t}}
=\frac{-\text{a}^2\cos^2\text{t}-\text{a}^2\sin^2\text{t}-\text{a}^2\cot^2\text{t}+\text{a}^2}{\text{a}^3\cos^3\text{t}}
=\frac{-\text{a}^2(\cos^2\text{t}+\sin^2\text{t})-\text{a}^2\cot^2\text{t}+\text{a}^2}{\text{a}^3\cos^3\text{t}}
=-\frac{1}{\text{a}\sin^2\text{t}\cos\text{t}}
Q163. Logarithmic differentiation is a powerful technique to differentiate functions of the form \text{f}(\text{x})=[\text{u}(\text{x})]^{\text{v}(\text{x})}, where both u(x) and v(x) are differentiable 5 Marks
functions and f and u need to be positive functions.
Let function \text{y}=\text{f}(\text{x})=(\text{u}(\text{x}))^{\text{v}(\text{x})}, then \text{y}'=\text{y}\Big[\frac{\text{v}(\text{x})}{\text{u}
(\text{x})}\text{u}'(\text{x})+\text{v}'(\text{x})\cdot\log[\text{u}(\text{x})]\Big]
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.
1. Differentiate xx w.r.t. x.
1. \text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})
2. \text{x}^\text{x}(1-\log\text{x})
3. -\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})
4. \text{x}^\text{x}\log\text{x}
x x a a
2. Differentiate x + a + x + a w.r.t. x.
1. (1+\log\text{x})+(\text{a}^\text{x}\log\text{a}+\text{ax}^{\text{a}-1})
2. \text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})+\log\text{a}+\text{ax}^{\text{a}-1}
3. \text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})+\text{x}^\text{a}\log\text{x}+\text{ax}^{\text{a}-1}
4. \text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})+\text{a}^\text{x}\log\text{a}+\text{ax}^{\text{a}-1}
3. If \text{x}=\text{e}^\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}, then find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}.
1. -\frac{(\text{x}+\text{y})}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}
2. -\frac{(\text{x}-\text{y})}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}
3. \frac{(\text{x}+\text{y})}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}
4. \frac{\text{x}-\text{y}}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}
4. If y = (2 - x)3(3 + 2x)5, then find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}.
1. (2-\text{x})^3(3+2\text{x})^5\Big[\frac{15}{3+2\text{x}}-\frac{8}{2-\text{x}}\Big]
2. (2-\text{x})^3(3+2\text{x})^5\Big[\frac{15}{3+2\text{x}}+\frac{3}{2-\text{x}}\Big]
3. (2-\text{x})^3(3+2\text{x})^5\Big[\frac{10}{3+2\text{x}}-\frac{3}{2-\text{x}}\Big]
4. (2-\text{x})^3(3+2\text{x})^5\cdot\Big[\frac{10}{3+2\text{x}}+\frac{3}{2-\text{x}}\Big]
5. If \text{y}=\text{x}^\text{x}\cdot\text{e}^{(2\text{x}+5)}, then find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}.
1. \text{x}^\text{x}\text{e}^{2\text{x}+5}
2. \text{x}^\text{x}\text{e}^{2\text{x}+5}(3-\log\text{x})
3. \text{x}^\text{x}\text{e}^{2\text{x}+5}(1-\log\text{x})
4. \text{x}^\text{x}\text{e}^{2\text{x}+5}\cdot(3+\log\text{x})
Ans: 1. (a) \text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})

Solution:
Let \text{y}=\text{x}^\text{x}\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\text{x}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\text{x}[1\times\log\text{x}+\text{x}\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}]
=\text{x}^\text{x}[1+\log\text{x}]
2. (d) \text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})+\text{a}^\text{x}\log\text{a}+\text{ax}^{\text{a}-1}
3. (d) \frac{\text{x}-\text{y}}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}
Solution:
Given \text{x}=\text{e}^\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Rightarrow\log\text{x}=\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\log\text{e}\Rightarrow\text{y}\log\text{x}=\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{y}\frac{1}{\text{x}}+(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(1-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}(\text{x}-\text{y})
4. (c) (2-\text{x})^3(3+2\text{x})^5\Big[\frac{10}{3+2\text{x}}-\frac{3}{2-\text{x}}\Big]
Solution:
\text{y}=(2-\text{x})^3(3+2\text{x})^5
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\log(2-\text{x})^3+\log(3+2\text{x})^5
=3\log(2-\text{x})+5\log(3+2\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{3\times(-1)}{2-\text{x}}+\frac{5}{3+2\text{x}}\times(2)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(2-\text{x})^3(3+2\text{x})^5\Big[\frac{10}{3+2\text{x}}-\frac{3}{2-\text{x}}\Big]
5. (d) \text{x}^\text{x}\text{e}^{2\text{x}+5}\cdot(3+\log\text{x})
Solution:
\text{y}=\text{x}^\text{x}\cdot\text{e}^{(2\text{x}+5)}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\text{x}\log\text{x}+(2\text{x}+5)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\text{x}\cdot\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\Big)+2
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\text{x}\cdot\text{e}^{2\text{x}+5}\cdot(3+\log\text{x})
(\log\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\log\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

Taking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain
\log\text{y}=\log\text{x}.\log(\log\text{x})
Differentiating both sides with resepect to x, we obtain
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\log\text{x}.\log(\log\text{x})\big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log(\log\text{x}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\log(\log\text{x})]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\log(\log\text{x}).\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}.\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log(\log\text{x})+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big]
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\frac{\log(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}\Big]
Q165. If \text{y}=(\text{x}-1)\log(\text{x}-1)-(\text{x}+1)\log(\text{x}+1) prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{1+\text{x}}\Big) 5 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=(\text{x}-1)\log(\text{x}-1)-(\text{x}+1)\log(\text{x}+1)

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[(\text{x}-1)\log(\text{x}-1)-(\text{x}+1)\log(\text{x}+1)\big]
=\Big[(\text{x}-1)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}-1)+\log(\text{x}-1)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-1)\Big] \\ -\Big[(\text{x}+1)\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}+1)+\log(\text{x}+1)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+1)\Big]
=\Big[(\text{x}-1)\times\frac{1}{(\text{x}-1)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-1)+\log(\text{x}-1)\times(1)\Big] \\ -\Big[(\text{x}+1)\times\frac{1}{(\text{x}+1)}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\text{x}+1)+\log(\text{x}+1)(1)\Big]
=\big[1+\log(\text{x}-1)\big]-\big[1+\log(\text{x}+1)\big]
=\log(\text{x}-1)-\log(\text{x}+1)
=\log\frac{(\text{x}-1)}{(\text{x}+1)}
So,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log\frac{(\text{x}-1)}{(\text{x}+1)}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}},&\text{if x}\neq0\\0,&\text{if x}=0\end{cases}
at x = 0.
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}},&\text{if x}\neq0\\0,&\text{if x}=0\end{cases} at x = 0.

For differentiability at x = 0,
\text{Lf}'(0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}-0}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}-0}{\text{x}-0}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(0-\text{h})^2\sin\Big(\frac{1}{0-\text{h}}\Big)}{0-\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^2\sin\Big(\frac{-1}{\text{h}}\Big)}{-
\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}+\text{h}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)\ [\because\sin(-\theta)=-\sin\theta]
= 0 × [an oscillating number between -1 and 1] = 0
\text{Rf}'(0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}-0}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}-0}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(0+\text{h})^2\sin\Big(\frac{1}{0+\text{h}}\Big)}{0+\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^2\sin\big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\big)}
{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{h}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)
\because Lf'(0) = Rf'(0)
So, f(x) is differentiable at x = 0.
\log\text{cosec x}
Ans: Let \text{f(x)}=\log\text{cosec x}

\Rightarrow\ \text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})=\log\text{cosec x}
\therefore \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\{\text{f(x)}\}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})-\text{f(x)}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\log\text{cosec}(\text{x}+\text{h})-\log\text{cosec x}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\log\Big\{\frac{\text{cosec}(\text{x}+\text{h})}{\text{cosec x}}\Big\}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\log\Big\{1+\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\sin(\text{x}+\text{h})}-1\Big)\Big\}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\begin{Bmatrix}\frac{\log\Big\{1+\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}-\sin(\text{x}+\text{h})}{\sin(\text{x}+\text{h})}\Big)\Big\}}{\Big\{\frac{\sin\text{x}-
\sin(\text{x}+\text{h})}{\sin(\text{x}+\text{h})}\Big\}} \end{Bmatrix}\frac{\Big\{\frac{\sin\text{x}-\sin(\text{x}+\text{h})}{\sin(\text{x}+\text{h})}\Big\}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\cos\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\text{x}+\text{h}}{2}\Big)\sin\Big(\frac{\text{x}-\text{x}-\text{h}}{2}\Big)}{\sin(\text{x}+\text{h})\text{h}}
\Big[\because\ \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\log(1+\text{x})}{\text{x}}=1\text{ and }\sin\text{A}-\sin\text{B} \\ =2\cos\Big(\frac{\text{A}+\text{B}}{2}\Big)\sin\Big(\frac{\text{A}-
\text{B}}{2}\Big)\Big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\cos\Big(\frac{2\text{x}+\text{h}}{2}\Big)}{\sin(\text{x}+\text{h})(-2)}\bigg\{\frac{\sin\big(-\frac{\text{h}}{2}\big)}{-\frac{\text{h}}{2}}\bigg\}
=-\cot\text{x}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{cosec x})=-\cot\text{x}
\log\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)
Ans: Let, \log\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)
[Using chain rule]
=\Big(\frac{1+\cos\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}}\Big)\Bigg[\frac{(1+\cos\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})-\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\cos\text{x})}{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\Bigg]
=\frac{(1+\cos\text{x})}{\sin\text{x}}\bigg[\frac{(1+\cos\text{x})(\cos\text{x})-\sin\text{x}(-\sin\text{x})}{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\bigg]
=\frac{(1+\cos\text{x})}{\sin\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\cos\text{x}+\cos^2\text{x}+\sin^2\text{x}}{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\Big]
=\frac{(1+\cos\text{x})}{\sin\text{x}}\Big[\frac{(1+\cos\text{x})}{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\Big]
=\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}
=\text{cosec x}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\log\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)\Big)=\text{cosec x}
\text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}+\sin^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^{\text{x}}+\sin^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}
=\text{e}^{\log(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}}+\sin^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}
\text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}+\sin^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}
\big[\text{Since},\log_\text{e}^\text{e}=1,\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentitating it with respect to x using chain rule and product rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin^{-1}\big(\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)
=\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\sin\text{x})+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\big(\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)
=\text{e}^{\log(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\sin\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}}}\times\frac{1}
{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big]
=(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\text{x}\times\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}(1)\Big]+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}-\text{x}^2}}
=(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\frac{\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}}(\cos\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\Big]+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}-\text{x}^2}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\text{x}\cot\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}\Big]+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}-\text{x}^2}}
Q170. If \text{x}=10(\text{t}-\sin\text{t}),\text{y}=12(1-\cos\text{t}), find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 5 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{x}=10(\text{t}-\sin\text{t}),\text{y}=12(1-\cos\text{t})

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=10(1-\cos\text{t})\ ...(\text{i})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=12(\sin\text{t})\ ...(\text{ii})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{12(\sin\text{t})}{10(1-\cos\text{t})} From equation (i) and (ii)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{12\sin\frac{\text{t}}{2}\cdot\cos\frac{\text{t}}{2}}{10\sin^2\frac{\text{t}}{2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{6}{5}\cot\frac{\text{t}}{2}
Q171. If x16y9 = (x + y)17, prove that \text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{y} 5 Marks
Ans: Here,
x16y9 = (x + y)20
Taking log on both the siede,
\log(\text{x}^{16}\times\text{y}^{19})=\log(\text{x}^2+\text{y})^{17}
\big[\text{since}, \log(\text{AB})=\log\text{A}+\log\text{B},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
16\log\text{x}+9\log\text{y}=17\log(\text{x}^2+\text{y})
Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule
16\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+9\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{y})=17\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}^2+\text{y})
\frac{16}{\text{x}}+\frac{9}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=17\frac{1}{(\text{x}^2+\text{y})}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+\text{y})
\frac{16}{\text{x}}+\frac{9}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{17}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}}\Big[2\text{x}+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
\frac{9}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{17}{(\text{x}^2+\text{y})}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\frac{34\text{x}}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}}\Big)-\frac{16}{\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{9}{\text{y}}-\frac{17}{(\text{x}^2+\text{y})}\Big]=\frac{34\text{x}^2-16\text{x}^2-16\text{y}}{\text{x}(\text{x}^2+\text{y})}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{9\text{x}^2+9\text{y}-17\text{y}}{\text{y}(\text{x}^2+\text{y})}\Big]=\frac{18\text{x}^2-16\text{y}}{\text{x}(\text{x}^2+\text{y})}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big(\frac{2(9\text{x}^2-8\text{y})}{9\text{x}^2-8\text{y}}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\text{y}}{\text{x}}
\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{y}
Q172. The function f(x) will be discontinuous at x = a if f(x) has 5 Marks
Discontinuity of first kind : \lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{h}) and \lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{a}+\text{h}) both exist but are not equal. If is
also known as irremovable discontinuity.
Discontinuity of second kind : If none of the limits \lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{h}) and \lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{a}+\text{h}) exist.
Removable discontinuity : \lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{h}) and \lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{a}+\text{h}) both exist and equal but not
equal to f(a).
1. If \text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-9}{\text{x}-3},&\text{for x}\neq3\\4,&\text{for x}=3\end{cases}, then at x = 3
1. f has removable discontinuity.
2. f is continuous.
3. f has irremovable discontinuity.
4. None of these.
2. Let \text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\text{x}+2,&\text{if x}\leq4\\\text{x}+4,&\text{if x}\geq4\end{cases} then at x = 4
1. f is continuous.
2. f has removable discontinuit.
3. f has irremovable discontinuit.
4. None of thesee.
3. Consider the function f(x) defined as \text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-4}{\text{x}-2},&\text{for x}\neq2\\5,&\text{for x}=2\end{cases}, then at x = 2
3. f is continuous.
4. f is continuous if f(2) = 3
4. If \text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}-|\text{x}|}{\text{x}},&\text{x}\neq0\\2,&\text{x}=0\end{cases}, then at x = 0
1. f is continuous.
4. None of these.
5. If \text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}-1}{\log(1+2\text{x})},&\text{if x}\neq0\\7,&\text{if x}=0\end{cases}, then at x = 0
1. fis continuous if f(0) = 2
2. f is continuous
Ans: 1. (a) f has removable discontinuity.

Solution:
f(3) = 4
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow3}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow3}\frac{\text{x}^2-9}{\text{x}-3}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow3}\frac{(\text{x}+3)(\text{x}-3)}
{(\text{x}-3)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow3}(\text{x}+3)=6\because\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow3}\text{f}(\text{x})\neq\text{f}(3)
\therefore f(x) has removable discontinuity at x = 3.
2. (c) f has irremovable discontinuit.
Solution:
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4^-}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4}(\text{x}+2)=4+2=6
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4^+}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4}(\text{x}+4)=4+4=8
\therefore\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4^-}\text{f}(\text{x})\neq\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4^+}\text{f}(\text{x})
\therefore f(x) has an irremovable discontinuity at x = 4.
3. (a) f has removable discontinuity.
Solution:
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2}\frac{(\text{x}^2-4)}{(\text{x}-2)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2}(\text{x}+2)=4
and f(2) = 5 (given) \therefore\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2}\text{f}(\text{x})\neq\text{f}(2)
4. (c) f has irremovable discontinuity.
Solution:
f(0) = 2
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{x}+\text{x}}{\text{x}}=2
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{x}-\text{x}}{\text{x}}=0
\because\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f}(\text{x})\neq\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f}(\text{x})
\therefore f(x) has an irremovable discontinuity at x = 0.
5. (d) f has removable discontinuity.
Solution:
f(0) = 7
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}-1}
{\log(1+2\text{x})}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}-1}{\text{x}}\Big)}{\frac{\log(1+2\text{x})}{2\text{x}}\cdot2}=\frac{1}{2}
\because\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{x})\neq\text{f}(0)
Q173. Let f(x) be a real valued function, then its 5 Marks
Left Hand Derivative (L.H.D.) : \text{Lf}'(\text{a})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{h})-\text{f}(\text{a})}{-\text{h}}
Right Hand Derivative (R.H.D.) : \text{Rf}'(\text{a})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{a}+\text{h})-\text{f}(\text{a})}{\text{h}}
Also, a function f(x) is said to be differentiable at x = a if its L.H.D. and R.H.D. at x = a exist and are equal.
For the function \text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}|\text{x}-3|,\text{x}\geq1\\\\\frac{\text{x}^2}{4}-\frac{3\text{x}}{2}+\frac{13}{4},\text{x}<1\end{cases}, answer the following questions.
1. R.H.D. of f(x) at x = 1 is:
1. 1
2. -1
3. 0
4. 2
2. L.H.D. of f(x) at x = 1 is:
1. 1
2. -1
3. 0
4. 2
3. f(x) is non-differentiable at:
1. x = 1
2. x = 2
3. x = 3
4. x = 4
4. Find the value of f'(2).
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. -1
5. The value of f'(-1) is:
1. 2
2. 1
3. -2
4. -1
Ans: We have, \text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\text{x}-3&,\text{x}\geq3\\3-\text{x}&,1\leq\text{x}<3\\\\\frac{\text{x}^2}{4}-\frac{3\text{x}}{2}+\frac{13}{4}&,\text{x}<1\end{cases}
1. (b) -1
Solution:
\text{Rf}'(1)=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(1+\text{h})-\text{f}(1)}{\text{h}}
\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{3-(1+\text{h})-2}{\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}-\frac{\text{h}}{\text{h}}=-1
2. (b) -1
Solution:
\text{Lf}'(1)=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(1-\text{h})-\text{f}(1)}{-\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-1}{\text{h}}\Big[\frac{(1-\text{h})^2}{4}-\frac{3(1-\text{h})}{2}+\frac{13}{4}-2\Big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-1}{\text{h}}\Big(\frac{1+\text{h}^2-2\text{h}-6+6\text{h}+13-8}{-4\text{h}}\Big)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\text{h}^2+4\text{h}}{-4\text{h}}\Big)=-1
3. (c) x = 3
Solution:
Since, R.H.D. at x = 3 is 1
and L.H.D. at x = 3 is - 1
\therefore f(x) is non-differentiable at x = 3.
4. (d) -1
5. (c) -2
Solution:
From above, we have
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{\text{x}}{2}-\frac{3}{2},\text{x}<1
\therefore\text{f}'(-1)=\frac{-1}{2}-\frac{3}{2}=-2
\sin^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big\},-\frac{3\pi}{4}<\text{x}<\frac{\pi}{4}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big\}

=\sin^{-1}\bigg\{\sin\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)+\cos\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)\bigg\}
=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\sin{\text{x}}\cos\frac{\pi}{4}+\cos\text{x}\times\sin\frac{\pi}{4}\Big\}
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\sin\Big(\text{x}+\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)\Big\}
Here, \frac{-3\pi}{4}<\text{x}<\frac{\pi}{4}
\Rightarrow\Big(\frac{-3\pi}{4}+\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)
\Big[\text{Since},\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta, \text{ if }\theta\in\Big[\frac{-\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1
f(x) = (x2 - 1)(x - 2) on [-1, 2]
Ans: Here,
f(x) = (x2 - 1)(x - 2) on [-1, 2]
f(x) is continuous is [-1, 2] and differentiable in (-1, 2) as it is a polynomial functions.
Now,
f(-1) = (1-1)(-1-2) = 0
f(2) = (4-1)(2-2) = 0
⇒ f(-1) = f(2)
So, Rolle's theorem is applicable on f(x) is [-1, 2] therefore, we have to show that there exist a \text{c}\in(-1,2) such that f'(c) = 0
Now,
f(x) = (x2 - 1)(x - 2)
f'(x) = 2x(x - 2) + (x2 - 1)
= 2x2 - 4 + x2 - 1
f'(x) = 3x2 - 5
Now,
f'(c) = 0
⇒ 3x2 - 5 = 0
\Rightarrow\text{x}=-\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}} or \text{x}=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}}\in(-1,2)
Thus, Rolle's theorem is verified.
Q176. If \text{x}=\text{a}(\theta-\sin\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta) find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} 5 Marks
Ans: \text{x} =\text{a} (\theta -\sin\theta)\dots\text{ eq. } 1

\text{y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)\dots\text{ eq. 2}
To find: \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}
As, \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)
So, lets first find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} using parametric form and differentiate it again.
\frac{\text{dx}\text{}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\text{a}(\theta-\sin\theta)=\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)\dots\ \text{eq. 3}
Similarly,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)=-\text{a}\sin\theta\dots\text{ eq. }4
\Big[\because\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}=-\sin\text{x},\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}=\cos\text{x}\Big]
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{-\text{a}\sin\theta}{\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)}=\frac{-\sin\theta}{(1-
\cos\theta)}\dots\ \text{eq. }5
Differentiating again w.r.t. x:
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\sin\theta}{1-\cos\theta}\Big)
Using product rule and chain rule of differentiation together:
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\Big\{-\frac{1}{1-\cos\theta}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\sin\theta-\sin\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\frac{1}{(1-
\cos\theta)}\Big\}\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}
Apply chain rule to determine \frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\frac{1}{(1-\cos\theta)}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}}=\Big\{\frac{-\cos\theta}{1-\cos\theta}+\frac{\sin^2\theta}{(1-\cos\theta)^2}\Big\}\frac{1}{\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)} [using eq.3]
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\bigg\{\frac{-\cos\theta(1-\cos\theta)+\sin^2\theta}{(1-\cos\theta)^2}\bigg\}\frac{1}{\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\bigg\{\frac{-\cos\theta+\cos^2\theta+\sin^2\theta}{(1-\cos\theta)^2}\bigg\}\frac{1}{\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\Big\{\frac{1-\cos\theta}{(1-\cos\theta)^2}\Big\}\frac{1}{\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)}[\because\cos^2\theta+\sin^2\theta=1]
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{1}{\text{a(1}-\cos\theta)^2}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{1}{\text{a}\Big(2\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2}\Big)^2}\big[\because-\cos\theta=2\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2}\big]
\therefore\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{1}{\text{4a}}\text{cosec}^4\frac{\theta}{2}
\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1}{\text{x}^3-\text{x}+1}\Big)
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1}{\text{x}^3-\text{x}+1}\Big)

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1}{\text{x}^3-\text{x}+1}\Big)\Big]
=\frac{1}{\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1}{\text{x}^2-\text{x}+1}\Big)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1}{\text{x}^2-\text{x}+1}\Big)
[Using chain rule and quotient rule]
=\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1}{\text{x}^3-\text{x}+1}\Big)\bigg[\frac{\text{x}^2-\text{x}+1\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1)-(\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\text{x}^2-\text{x}+1)}{(\text{x}^2-\text{x}+1)^2}\bigg]
=\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1}{\text{x}^3-\text{x}+1}\Big)\bigg[\frac{(\text{x}^2-\text{x}+1)(2\text{x}+1)-(\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1)(2\text{x}-1)}{(\text{x}^2-\text{x}+1)^2}\bigg]
=\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1}{\text{x}^3-\text{x}+1}\Big)\bigg[\frac{2\text{x}^3-2\text{x}^2+2\text{x}+\text{x}^3-\text{x}+1-2\text{x}^3-2\text{x}^2-2\text{x}+\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1}
{(\text{x}^2-\text{x}+1)^2}\bigg]
=\frac{-4\text{x}^2+2\text{x}^3+2}{(\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1)(\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1)}
=\frac{-4\text{x}^2+2\text{x}^3+2}{(\text{x}^2+1)^2-(\text{x})^2}
=\frac{-2(\text{x}^2-1)}{\text{x}^4+1+2\text{x}^2-\text{x}^2}
=\frac{-2(\text{x}^2-1)}{\text{x}^4+\text{x}^2+1}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}+1}{\text{x}^2-\text{x}+1}\Big)\Big\}=\frac{-2(\text{x}^2-1)}{\text{x}^4+\text{x}^2+1}
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}}\Big), \frac{\pi}{4}<\text{x}<\frac{\pi}{4}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big[\frac{\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}}\Big]

=\tan\bigg[\frac{\frac{\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}}{\frac{\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}}\bigg]
=\tan^{-1}\bigg[\frac{\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}+\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}}{\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}-\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}}\bigg]
=\tan^{-1}\Big[\frac{1+\tan\text{x}}{1-\tan\text{x}}\Big]
=\tan^{-1}\bigg[\frac{\frac{\tan\pi}{4}+\tan\text{x}}{1-\frac{\tan\pi}{4}\tan\text{x}}\bigg]
=\tan^{-1}\Big[\tan\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}+\text{x}\Big)\Big]
\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{4}+\text{x}
Q179. If a real valued function f{x) is finitely derivable at any point of its domain, it is necessarily continuous at that point. But its converse need not be true. 5 Marks
For example, every polynomial, constant function are both continuous as well as differentiable and inverse trigonometric functions are continuous and differentiable in its domains etc.
1. If \text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}\text{x},\text{for x}\leq0\\0,\text{for x}>0\end{cases}, then at x = 0
1. f(x) is differentiable and continuous.
2. f(x) is neither continuous nor differentiable.
3. f(x) is continuous but not differentiable.
4. None of these.
2. If \text{f}(\text{x})=|\text{x}-1|,\text{x }\epsilon\text{ R}, then at x = 1
1. f(x) is not continuous.
3. f(x) is continuous and differentiable.
4. None of these.
3. f(x) = x3 is:
1. Continuous but not differentiable at x = 3
2. Continuous but not differentiable at x = 3
3. Neither continuous nor differentiable at x = 3
4. None of these.
4. If \text{f}(\text{x})=[\sin\text{x}], then which of the following is true?
1. f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x = 0.
2. f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
3. f(x) is continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable.
4. f(x) is differentiable but not continuous at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2}.
5. If \text{f}(\text{x})=\sin^{-1}\text{x},-1\leq\text{x}\leq1, then:
1. f(x) is both continuous and differentiable.
2. f(x) is neither continuous nor differentiable.
4. None of these.
Ans: 1. (c) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable.

2. (b) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable.
3. (b) Continuous but not differentiable at x = 3
4. (b) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
5. (a) f(x) is both continuous and differentiable.
(\text{x}^\text{x})\sqrt{\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\text{x}^\text{x})\sqrt{\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log(\text{x}^\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x}})
\log\text{y}=\text{x}\log\text{x}+\frac{1}{2}\log\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\frac{1}{2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}(1)+\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1+\log\text{x}+\frac{1}{2\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[1+\log\text{x}+\frac{1}{2\text{x}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x}}\Big[1+\log\text{x}+\frac{1}{2\text{x}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{x}+\frac{1}{2}}\Big[\Big(\frac{2\text{x}+1}{2\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}\Big]
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-\text{a}}{\text{x}+\text{a}}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-\text{a}}{\text{x}+\text{a}}\Big)

=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{\text{x}-\text{a}}{\text{x}}}{\frac{\text{x}+\text{a}}{\text{x}}}\bigg)
=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}}-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}}}{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\frac{\text{a}}{\text{x}}}\bigg)
=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{1-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}}}{1+1\times\frac{\text{a}}{\text{x}}}\bigg)
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}(1)-\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{a}}{\text{x}}\big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0-\frac{1}{1+\big(\frac{\text{a}}{\text{x}}\big)^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\frac{\text{a}}{\text{x}}\big)
=-\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}\Big(\frac{-\text{a}}{\text{x}^2}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{a}}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}
Q182. Find A and B so that \text{y}=\text{A}\sin3\text{x}+\text{B}\cos3\text{x} satisfy the equation \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+4\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+3\text{y}=10\cos3\text{x}. 5 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\text{Ae}^{-kt}\cos(\text{pt}+\text{c})
Differentiating w.r.t.x,
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\text{A}\Big\{\text{e}^{-\text{kt}}(-\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})\times\text{p})+(\cos(\text{pt}+{c}))(-\text{re}^{-\text{kt}})\Big\}
\Rightarrow-\text{Ape}^{-\text{kt}}\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})-\text{KAe}^{-\text{kt}}\cos(\text{pt}+\text{c})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=-\text{Ape}^{-\text{kt}}\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})-\text{ky}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}=-\text{Ap}\Big\{\text{e}^{-\text{kt}}(\cos(\text{pt}+\text{c})\times\text{p})+(\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c}))(\text{e}^{-\text{kt}}\times-\text{R})-
\text{ky}^1\Big\}
=-\text{p}^2\text{y}+\text{Apke}^{-\text{kt}}\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})-\text{ky}^1
Adding & substracting ky1 on RHS
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}=+\text{Apke}^{-\text{kt}}\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})-\text{p}^2\text{y}-2\text{ky}^1+\text{ky}^1
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}=\text{Apke}^{-\text{kt}}\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})-\text{p}^2\text{y}-2\text{ky}^1-\text{k}\text{ape}^{-\text{kt}}\sin(\text{pt}+\text{c})-\text{k}^2\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}=-(\text{p}+\text{k}^2)\text{y}-2\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}+2\text{k}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}+\text{n}^2\text{y}=0
Q183. Find the points on the curve \text{y}=(\cos\text{x}-1) in [0, 2\pi], where the tangent is parallel to x-axis. 5 Marks
Ans: The equation of the curve is \text{y}=\cos\text{x}-1.

Now, we have to find a point on the curve in [0,2\pi].
where the tangent is parallel to X-axis i.e., the tangent to the curve at x = c has a slope o,
where \text{c}\in[0,2\pi].
Let us apply Rolle’s theorem to get the point.
1. \text{y}=\cos\text{x}-1 is a continuous function in [0,2\pi].
[since it is a combination of cosine function and a constant function]
2. \text{y}'=-\sin\text{x}, which exists in (0,2\pi).
Hence, y is differentiable in (0,2\pi).
3. \text{y}(0)=\cos0-1=0 and \text{y}(2\pi)=\cos2\pi-1=0
\therefore\ \text{y}(0)=\text{y}(2\pi)
Since, conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a real number c such that
\Rightarrow-\sin\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}=\pi or 0, where \pi\in(0,2\pi)
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}=\pi
\therefore\ \text{y}=\cos\pi-1=-2
Hence, the required point on the curve, where the tangent drawn is parallel to the X-axis is (\pi,2).
\text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}+(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}
Ans: We have, \text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}+(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{e}^{\log(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}}+\text{e}^{\log(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}\log\cos\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}\log\cos\text{x}}\big)
=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\cos\text{x}\log\sin\text{x})+\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}\log\cos\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x}\log\cos\text{x})
=\text{e}^{\log(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}}\Big[\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\sin\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})\Big] \\
+\text{e}^{\log(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}}\Big[\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\cos\text{x}+\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})\Big]
=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}\Big[\cos\text{x}\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\times(-\sin\text{x})\Big] \\ +
(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}\big[\sin\text{x}\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}\times(\cos\text{x})\Big]
=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}\big[\cot\text{x}\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}\big] \\ +(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}\big[\tan\text{x}(-\sin\text{x})+\cos\text{x}\log\cos\text{x}\big]
=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}\big[\cot\text{x}\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}\big] \\ +(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}\big[\cos\text{x}\log\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\tan\text{x}\big]
Q185. Let x = f(t) and y = g(t) be parametric forms with t as a parameter, then 5 Marks
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\times\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{g}'(\text{t})}{\text{f}'(\text{t})}, where \text{f}'(\text{t})\neq0.
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.
1. The derivative of \text{f}(\tan\text{x})\text{w.r.t.}\text{ g}(\sec\text{x})\text{ at}\text{ x}=\frac{\pi}{4}, where f'(1) = 2 and \text{g}'(\sqrt{2})=4, is:
1. \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
2. {\sqrt{2}}
3. 1
4. 0
2. The derivative of \sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big) with respect to \cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big) is:
1. -1
2. 1
3. 2
4. 4
3. The derivative of \text{e}^{\text{x}^3} with respect to log x is:
1. \text{e}^{\text{x}^3}
2. 3\text{x}^22\text{e}^{\text{x}^3}
3. 3\text{x}^3\text{e}^{\text{x}^3}
4. 3\text{x}^2\text{e}^{\text{x}^3}+3\text{x}
4. The derivative of \cos^{-1}(2\text{x}^2-1)\text{w.r.t.}\cos^{-1}\text{x} is:
1. 2
2. \frac{-1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
3. \frac{2}{\text{x}}
4. 1-\text{x}^2
5. If \text{y}=\frac{1}{4}\mu^4 and \mu=\frac{2}{3}\text{x}^3+5, then \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=
1. \frac{2}{27}\text{x}^2(2\text{x}^3+15)^3
2. \frac{2}{7}\text{x}^2(2\text{x}^3+15)^3
3. \frac{2}{27}\text{x}(2\text{x}^3+5)^3
4. \frac{2}{7}(2\text{x}^3+15)^3
Ans: 1. (a) \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}

Solution:
Now, \frac{\text{df}(\tan\text{x})}{\text{dg}(\sec\text{x})}=\frac{\text{f}'(\tan \text{x})\sec^2\text{x}}{\text{g}'(\sec\text{x})\sec\text{x}\tan \text{x}}
=\frac{\text{f}'(\tan \text{x})\sec\text{x}}{\text{g}'(\sec\text{x})\tan \text{x}}
\therefore\Big[\frac{\text{df}(\tan\text{x})}{\text{dg}(\sec\text{x})}\Big]_{\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{\text{f}'(1)\sqrt{2}}{\text{g}'(\sqrt{2})\cdot1}=\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{4\cdot1}=\frac{1}
{\sqrt{2}}
2. (b) 1
3. (c) 3\text{x}^3\text{e}^{\text{x}^3}
Solution:
Let \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^3},\text{z}=\log\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^3}(3\text{x}^2)=3\text{x}^2\text{e}^{\text{x}^3} and \therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dz}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dz}}
{\text{dx}}}=\frac{3\text{x}^2\text{e}^{\text{x}^3}}{\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)}=3\text{x}^3\text{e}^{\text{x}^3}
4. (a) 2
Solution:
Let \text{y}=\cos^{-1}(2\text{x}^2-1)=2\cos^{-1}\text{x}
Differentiating w.r.t. \cos^{-1}\text{x}, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}(\cos^{-1}\text{x})}=\frac{2\text{d}(\cos^{-1}\text{x})}{\text{d}(\cos^{-1}\text{x})}=2
5. (a) \frac{2}{27}\text{x}^2(2\text{x}^3+15)^3
Solution:
We have, \text{y}=\frac{1}{4}\text{u}^4\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{du}}=\frac{1}{4}\cdot4\text{u}^3=\text{u}^3
and \text{u}=\frac{2}{3}\text{x}^3+5\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{3}\cdot3\text{x}^2=2\text{x}^2
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{du}}\cdot\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}^3\cdot2\text{x}^2=\Big(\frac{2}{3}\text{x}^3+5\Big)^3(2\text{x})^2
=\frac{2}{27}\text{x}^2(2\text{x}^3+15)^3
Q186. If \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)+\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big),\text{x}>0, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4}{1+\text{x}^2} 5 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)+\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)

\Rightarrow \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)
\therefore \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\tan\theta}{1-\tan^2\theta}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\tan^{2}\theta}{1+\tan^{2}\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow \text{y}=\tan^{-1}(\tan2\theta)+\cos^{-1}(\cos2\theta)
\Rightarrow \text{y}=2\theta+2\theta
\Rightarrow \text{y}=4\theta
\Rightarrow \text{y}=4\tan^{-1} \text{x} \big[\text{using, x}=\tan\theta\big]
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4}{1+\text{x}^2}
\text{y}=\text{x}^{\text{x}}+\text{x}^\frac{1}{\text{x}}
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\text{x}^{\text{x}}+\text{x}^\frac{1}{\text{x}}
=\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^\frac{1}{\text{x}}}
\text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\text{x}\big)}
\big[\text{Since, e}^{\log\text{a}}=\text{a},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule and product rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\text{x}}\Big)
=\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{x})+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\text{x}\Big)
=\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big] \\ +\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\Big[\frac{1}
{\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)\Big]
=\text{x}^{\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}(1)\Big] \\ +\text{x}^\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big[\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}\Big(-
\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)\Big]
=\text{x}^\text{x}[1+\log\text{x}]+\text{x}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\log\text{x}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\text{x}[1+\log\text{x}]+\text{x}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\frac{(1-\log\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}
\cos^{-1}\Big\{\sqrt{\frac{1+\text{x}}{2}}\Big\},-1<\text{x}<1
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\sqrt{\frac{1+\text{x}}{2}}\Big\}

Put \text{x}=\cos2\theta
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos2\theta}{2}}\Big\}
=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\sqrt{\frac{2\cos^2\theta}{2}}\Big\}
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\{\cos\theta\}
Here, -1<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow\ -1<\cos2\theta<1
\Rightarrow\ 0<2\theta<\pi
\Rightarrow\ 0<\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}
So, equation (i),
\text{y}=\theta
\big[\text{Since}, \cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)=\theta\text{ if }\theta\in[0,\pi]\big]
\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\cos^{-1}\text{x}\ \big[\text{Since x}=\cos2\theta\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
Q189. If \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{e}^\frac{1}{\text {x}}, & \text{if} \text{ x}\neq 0\\1, & \text{if}\text{x} = 0\end{cases} find whethe f is continuous at x = 0. 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{e}^\frac{1}{\text {x}}, & \text{if} \text{ x}\neq 0\\1, & \text{if}\text{x} = 0\end{cases}
We observe
(\text{LHL at x}=0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0-\text{x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(-h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{e}^\frac{-1}{\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{h}}}}\bigg)=\frac{1}{\lim\limits_{\text{h}
\rightarrow 0}\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{h}}}}=0
(\text{RHL at x}=0)=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(\text{h})
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{e}^\frac{1}{\text{h}}=\infty
Given,
\text{f}(0)=1
It is known for a function f(x) to be continuous at x = a,
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \text{a}^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \text{a}^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{f}\text{(a)}
But here,
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \text{a}^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}\neq\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \text{0}^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}
Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
Q190. If \text{y}=\log\sqrt{\text{x}+1}+\sqrt{\text{x}-1}, prove that \sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\text{y}. 4 Marks
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\cos(\log\text{ x})^2

Differentiating it with respect to x and applying the chain and the product rule, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{\text{x}+1}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{\text{x}-1}
=\frac{1}{2}(\text{x}+1)^\frac{-1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}(\text{x}-1)^\frac{-1}{2}
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}+1}}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{2}\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}+\sqrt{\text{x}+1}}{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big)\big(\sqrt{\text{x}-1}\big)}\bigg)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}\Big)
So,
\sqrt{\text{x}^2}-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\text{y}
Q191. Differentiate \sin^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2^{\text{x}+1}\times3^\text{x}}{1+(36)^\text{x}}\Big\} with respect to x: 4 Marks
Ans: We have \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2^{\text{x}+1}\times3^\text{x}}{1+(36)^\text{x}}\Big\}

\Rightarrow \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2\times6^\text{x}}{1+6^{2\text{x}}}\Big\}
Put 6^\text{x}=\tan\theta
\Rightarrow \theta=\tan^{-1}(6^\text{x})
Now, \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2\tan\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta}\Big\}
\Rightarrow \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big\{\sin2\theta\big\}
\Rightarrow \text{y}=2\theta
\Rightarrow \text{y}=2\tan^{-1}(6^\text{x})
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\times\frac{1}{(6^\text{x})^2}\times6^\text{x}\log6
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2(\log6)6^\text{x}}{36^\text{x}}
x5 + y5 = 5xy
Ans: We Heve, x5 + y5 = 5xy

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^5\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{y}^5\big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(5\text{xy}\big)
\Rightarrow5\text{x}^4+5\text{y}^4\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=5\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}\big)\Big]
\Rightarrow5\text{x}^4+5\text{y}^4\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=5\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\big(1\big)\Big]
\Rightarrow5\text{x}^4+5\text{y}^4\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=5\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+5\text{y}
\Rightarrow5\text{y}^4\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-5\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=5\text{y}-5\text{x}^4
\Rightarrow5\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{y}^4-\text{x}\big)=5\big(\text{y}-\text{x}^4\big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{5(\text{y}-\text{x}^4)}{5(\text{y}^4-\text{x})}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}-\text{x}^4}{\text{y}^4-\text{x}}
Q193. Is the function f defined by 4 Marks
\text{f(x)} = \begin{cases}\text{x}, \text{if}\ \text{x}\leq1\\5, \text{if}\ \text{x} > 1\end{cases}
continuous at x = 0? At x = 1? At x = 2?
Ans: Here \text{f(x)} = \begin{cases}\text{x}, \text{if}\ \text{x}\leq1\\5, \text{if}\ \text{x} > 1\end{cases}
At x = 0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}}\text{(x)}\ [ \text{Put}\ \text{x} = 0 - \text{h}, \text{h}>0\ \text{so that}\
\text{h}\rightarrow 0\ \text{as}\ \text{x}\rightarrow 0^-]
=\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}(0-\text{h})
=\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\text{(-h)} = (0) = 0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{(x)}\ [ \text{Put}\ \text{x} = 0 + \text{h}, \text{h}>0\ \text{so that}\
\text{h}\rightarrow 0\ \text{as}\ \text{x}\rightarrow 0^+]
=\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}(0 + \text{h})
=0+0=0
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = 0
\therefore \ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}}\text{f(x)} = 0
Also f(0) = value of x at x = 0
=0
\therefore f is continous at x = 0.
At x = 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{x}\ [ \text{Put}\ \text{x} = 1 - \text{h}, \text{h}>0,\ \text{so that}\
\text{h}\rightarrow 0\ \text{on}\ \text{x}\rightarrow 1^-]
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}(1 - \text{h}) = 1 - 0 = 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}(5) = 5
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{f(x)}\neq\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
\therefore \ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} does not exist
\therefore f is discontinuous at x =1.
At x = 2
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}}(5) = 5
Also f(2) = 5
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(2)} = 5
Q194. If \text{x}=\cos\text{t}(3-2\cos^2\text{t}),\text{y}\sin\text{t}(3-2\sin^2\text{t}) find the value of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\text{ at t}=\frac{\pi}{4} 4 Marks
Ans: \text{x}=\cos\text{t}(3-2\cos^2\text{t})\text{ and }\text{y}\sin\text{t}(3-2\sin^2\text{t})

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=-\sin\text{t}(3-2\cos^2\text{t})+\cos\text{t}(4\cos\text{t}\sin\text{t}) and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{t}(3-2\sin^2\text{t})+\sin\text{t}
(-4\sin\text{t}\cos\text{t})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\sin\text{t}+6\sin\text{t}\cos^2\text{t} and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\cos\text{t}-6\sin^2\text{t}\cos\text{t}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\sin\text{t}+(1-2\cos^2\text{t}) and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=3\cos\text{t}(1-2\sin^2\text{t})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=3\sin\text{t}\cos2\text{t}\cos2\text{t} and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=3\cos\text{t}(1-2\sin^2\text{t})
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{3\cos\text{t}\cos2\text{t}}{3\sin\text{t}\cos2\text{t}}=\cot\text{t}
Now, \Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)_{\text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4}}=\cot\frac{\pi}{4}=1
Q195. If \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos\text{kx}}{\text{x}\sin\text{x}}, & \text{x} \neq 0\\\frac{1}{2}, & \text{x}= 0\end{cases} is continuous at x = 0. find k. 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos\text{kx}}{\text{x}\sin\text{x}}, & \text{x} \neq 0\\\frac{1}{2}, & \text{x}= 0\end{cases}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{f}(0)\dots(\text{i})
Consider:
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\Bigg(\frac{1-\cos\text{kx}}{\text{x}\sin\text{x}}\Bigg)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow
0}\Bigg(\frac{2\sin^2\frac{\text{kx}}{2}}{\text{x}\sin\text{x}}\Bigg)
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{2\sin^2\frac{\text{kx}}{2}}{\text{x}^2\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}
{\text{x}}\Big)}\end{pmatrix}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{\frac{2\text{k}^2}{4}\Big(\sin\frac{\text{kx}}{\text{x}}\Big)^2}
{\Big(\frac{\text{kx}}{2}\Big)^2\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big)}\end{pmatrix}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{2\text{k}^2}{4}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\Big(\sin\frac{\text{kx}}{2}\Big)^2}
{\Big(\frac{\text{kx}}{2}\Big)^2}}{\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}}\end{pmatrix}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{2\text{k}^2}{4}\times1=\frac{\text{k}^2}{2}
From equation (i), we have
\frac{\text{k}^2}{2}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{k}^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}
\Rightarrow\text{k}=\pm1
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x},&\text{ if}\text{ x}<0\\0,&\text{if }0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\4\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}>1\end{cases}
Ans: The given function is

\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x},&\text{ if}\text{ x}<0\\0,&\text{if }0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\4\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}>1\end{cases}
The given function is defined at all points of the real line.
Let c be a point on the real line.
Case I:
If c < 0 then f(c) = 2c
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(2\text{x})=2\text{c}
\therefore\ \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(c)}
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x < 0
Case II:
If c = 0, then f(c) = f(0) = 0
The left hand limit of f at x = 0 is,
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}(2\text{x})=2\times0=0
The right hand limit of at x = 0 is,
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}(0)=0
\therefore\ \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(0)
Therefore, f is continuous at x = 0
Case III:
If 0 < c < 1, then f(x) = 0 and \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(0)=0
\therefore\ \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(\text{c})
Therefore, if is continuous at all points of the interval (0, 1)
Case IV:
If c = 1, then f(c) = f(1) = 0
The left hand limit of at x = 1 is,
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}(0)=0
The right hand limit of f at x = 1 is,
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}(4\text{x})=4\times1=4
It is observes that the left and right hand limits of f at x = 1 do not coincide.
Therefore, f is not continuous at x = 1
Case V:
If c < 1, then f(c) = 4c and \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{(4x)}=4\text{c}
Therefore, f is continuouse at all points x such that x > 1
Hence, f is not continuous only at x = 1
Q197. Verify the Rolle’s theorem for each of the functions: 4 Marks
f(x) = x(x - 1)2 in [0, 1].
Ans: Consider, f(x) = x(x - 1)2 in [0, 1].

1. Since, f(x) = x(x - 1)2 is a polynomial function
So, it is continuous in [0, 1].
2. Now, f(0) = 0 and f(1) = 0 ⇒ f(0) = 1
f satisfies the above conditions of Rolle’s theorem.
Hence, by Rolle’s theorem \exists\text{ c}\in(0,1) such that
f(c) = 0
⇒ 3c2 - 4c + 1 = 0
⇒ 3c2 - 3c - c + 1 = 0
⇒ 3c(c - 1) -1(c - 1) = 0
⇒ (3c - 1)(c - 1) = 0
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}=\frac{1}{3},1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}\in(0,1)
Thus, we see that there exists a real number c in the open interval (0, 1).
Hence, Rolle’s theorem has been verified.
Q198. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{ dx}} in the following: 4 Marks
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{{1}-\text{x}^{2}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg), 0 <\text{x}<1
Ans: The given relationship is,\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{{1}-\text{x}^{2}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg)

\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{{1}-\text{x}^{2}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg)
\Rightarrow\sin\text{y}=\frac{{1}-\text{x}^{2}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}
Differentiating this relationship with respect to x, we obtain
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{y}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{1-\text{x}^{2}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Big]
\cos\text{y}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(1+\text{x}^2)(-2\text{x})-(1-\text{x}^2)\cdot2\text{x}}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-\sin^2\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2\text{x}-2\text{x}^3-2\text{x}+2\text{x}^3}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)^2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-\frac{(1-\text{x}^2)^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-\frac{(1-\text{x}^2)^2-(1-\text{x}^2)^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1+\text{x}^4+2\text{x}^2-1-\text{x}^4+2\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{4\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4\text{x}}{(1+\text{x}^2)2\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2}{1+\text{x}^2}
Q199. If \text{x}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta), find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{x}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta)
Differentiating it with respect to \theta,
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Big(\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\theta)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sin\theta)\Big)
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
And, \text{y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}(0-\sin\theta)
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\sin\theta\ .....(\text{ii})
\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{-\text{a}\sin\theta}{\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)}
=\frac{-\frac{2\sin\theta}{2}\frac{\cos\theta}{2}}{\frac{2\cos^2\theta}{2}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\tan\theta}{2}
Q200. If \log(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=2\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big), show that =\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}. 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \log(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=2\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)

\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)=\frac{1}{1+\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)^2}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}\Big)\Big[2\text{x}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]=\frac{\text{x}^2}
{(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)}\bigg[\frac{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}\Big)\Big(\text{x}+\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{x}^2}{(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)}\bigg[\frac{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}-\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}\Big)\Big(\text{x}+\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{x}^2}{(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)}\bigg[\frac{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}-\text{y}(1)}{\text{x}^2}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\text{x}+\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}
\Rightarrow\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{y}-\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}-\text{x})=-(\text{y}+\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-(\text{y}+\text{x})}{\text{y}-\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}
Q201. \text{If (cos x)}^{\text{y}}=\text{(cos y)}^{\text{x}},\text{find }\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{(cos x)}^{\text{y}}=\text{(cos y)}^{\text{x}}\Rightarrow y log cos x = x log cos y.

\therefore\text{y}.\frac{\text{(-sin x)}}{\text{cos x}}+\text{log cos x.}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}.\frac{\text{(-sin y)}}{\text{cos y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{log cos y.}
(log cos x + x tan y) \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = log cos y + y tan x
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= \frac{\text{log cos y + y tan x}}{\text{log cos x + x tan y}}.
Q202. Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\text{x} + 1,\ \ \text{if x}\geq 1 \\\text{x}^2 + 1,\ \text{if x}<1\end{cases}
Ans: Here \text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\text{x} + 1,\ \ \text{if x}\geq 1 \\\text{x}^2 + 1,\ \text{if x}<1\end{cases}
Function f is defined at all points of the real line.
Let c be any real number.
Three cases arise:
Case I: c < 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x}^2 + 1) = \text{c}^2 + 1
f(x) = c2 + 1
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(c)}
\therefore f is continuous at all points x < 1.
Case II: c > 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x} + 1) = \text{c} + 1
f(c) = c + 1
\therefore f is continuous at all points x > 1.
Case III: c = 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{(x}^2 + 1) = 1 + 1 = 2
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{(x}^2 + 1) = 1 + 1 = 2
f(1) = 1 + 1 = 2
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(1)}
\therefore f is continuous at all point of domain.
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{5\text{x}}{1+6\text{x}^3}\Big), -\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{5\text{x}}{1+6\text{x}^3}\Big)

=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{3\text{x}+2\text{x}}{1-(3\text{x})(2\text{x})}\Big)
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}(3\text{x})+\tan^{-1}(2\text{x})
\Big[\text{Since},\tan^{-1}\text{x}+\tan^{-1}\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{1-\text{xy}}\Big)\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+(3\text{x})^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x})+\frac{1}{1+(2\text{x})^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})
=\frac{1}{1+9\text{x}^2}(3)+\frac{1}{1+4\text{x}^2}(2)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{3}{1+9\text{x}^2}+\frac{2}{1+4\text{x}^2}
\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}\Big\},-\text{a}<\text{x}<\text{a}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}\Big\}

Put \text{x}=\text{a}\sin\theta
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\text{a}\sin\theta}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{a}^2\sin^2\theta}}\Big\}
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\bigg\{\frac{\text{a}\sin\theta}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2(1-\sin^2\theta)}}\bigg\}
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\text{a}\sin\theta}{\text{a}\cos\theta}\Big\}
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
Here, -\text{a}<\text{x}<\text{a}
\Rightarrow-1<\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}<1
From equation (i),
\text{y}=\theta
\Big[\text{Since},\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta \in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)\big[\text{Since x}=\text{a }\sin \theta\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\big)^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)
=\frac{\text{a}}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}\times\big(\frac{1}{\text{a}}\big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}
Q205. Differentiate \sin^{-1}\Big(4\text{x}\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}\Big) with respect to \sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}, if: 4 Marks
\text{x}\in\Big(-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}},\frac{1}{2}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(4\text{x}\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}\Big)

Put 2\text{x}=\cos\theta \text{ So},
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(2\times\cos\theta\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}(2\cos\theta\sin\theta)
Let, \text{v}=\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}\ .....(\text{ii})
Here,
\text{x}\in\Big(-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}},\frac{1}{2}\Big)
\Rightarrow2\text{x}\in\Big(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},1\Big)
\Rightarrow\cos\theta\in\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},1\Big)
\Rightarrow\theta\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)
\text{u}=2\theta
\Big[\text{Since},\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{u}=2\cos^{-1}(2\text{x})\big[\text{Since},2\text{x}=\cos\theta\big]
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=2\bigg(\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-(2\text{x})^2}}\bigg)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\frac{-2}{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}(2)\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4}{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{v})
Dividing equation (v) by (iv)
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{-4}{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}\times\frac{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}{-4\text{x}}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\text{x}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log\text{x}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}
\log\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\text{x}\log\text{x}\ \big[\text{Since},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\tan^{-1}\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan^{-1}\text{x})
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\tan^{-1}\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\frac{\log\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\frac{\log\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big]
Q207. Explain if Rolle's theorem is applicable to any one of the following functions. 4 Marks
1. \text{f}(\text{x})=[\text{x}]\text{ on }\text{x}\in[5,9]
2. \text{f}(\text{x})=[\text{x}]\text{ on }\text{x}\in[-2,2]
Can you say something about the converse of Rolle's Theorem from these functions?
Ans: By Rolle’s theorem, for a function \text{f}:[\text{a},\text{b}]\rightarrow\text{R}, if

1. f is continuous on [a, b],
2. f is differentiable on (a, b) and
3. f(a) = f(b)
Then there exists some \text{c}\in(\text{a},\text{b}) such that f'(c) = 0
Therefore, Rolle’s theorem is not applicable to those functions that do not satisfy any of the three conditions of the hypothesis.
1. \text{f}(\text{x})=[\text{x}]\text{ on }\text{x}\in[5,9]
It is evident that the given function f(x) is not continuous at every integral point.
In particular, f(x) is not continuous at x = 5 and x = 9.
Thus, f(x) is not continuous on [5, 9].
Also, f(5) = [5] = 5 and f(9) = [9] = 9
\therefore\ \text{f}(5)\neq\text{f}(9)
The differentiability of f on (5, 9) is checked in the following way.
Let n be an integer such that \text{n}\in(5,9).
The left hand limit of f at x = n is,
\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{f}(\text{n}+\text{h})-\text{f}(\text{n})}{\text{h}}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{[\text{n}+\text{h}]-[\text{n}]}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{n}-1-\text{n}}{\text{h}}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{-1}{\text{h}}=\infty
The right hand limit of f at x = n is,
\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{f}(\text{n}+\text{h})-\text{f}(\text{n})}{\text{h}}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{[\text{n}+\text{h}]-[\text{n}]}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{n}-\text{n}}{\text{h}}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}0=0
Since the left and the right hand limits of f at x = n are not equal, f is not differentiable at x = n.
Thus, f is not differentiable on (5, 9).
It is observed that f does not satisfy all the conditions of the hypothesis of Rolle’s theorem.
Hence, Rolle’s theorem is not applicable on \text{f}(\text{x})=[\text{x}]\text{ on }\text{x}\in[5,9]
2. \text{f}(\text{x})=[\text{x}]\text{ on }\text{x}\in[-2,2]
In particular, f(x) is not continuous at x = −2 and x = 2.
Thus, f (x) is not continuous on [−2, 2].
Also, f(-2) = [-2] = -2 and f(2) = [2] = 2
\therefore\ \text{f}(-2)\neq\text{f}(2)
The differentiability of f on (-2, 2) is checked in the following way.
Let n be an integer such that \text{n}\in(-2,2).
\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{f}(\text{n}+\text{h})-\text{f}(\text{n})}{\text{h}}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{[\text{n}+\text{h}]-[\text{n}]}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{n}-1-\text{n}}{\text{h}}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{-1}{\text{h}}=\infty
\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{f}(\text{n}+\text{h})-\text{f}(\text{n})}{\text{h}}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{[\text{n}+\text{h}]-[\text{n}]}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{n}-\text{n}}{\text{h}}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}0=0
Since the left and the right hand limits of f at x = n are not equal, f is not differentiable at x = n.
Thus, f is not differentiable on (-2, 2).
It is observed that f does not satisfy all the conditions of the hypothesis of Rolle’s theorem.
Hence, Rolle’s theorem is not applicable on \text{f}(\text{x})=[\text{x}]\text{ on }\text{x}\in[-2,2]
\text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}\text{ on }0\leq\text{x}\leq\pi
Ans: The given function is \text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}.

Since \cos\text{x} and \text{e}^\text{x} are everywhere continuous and differentiable, being a quotient of these two, f(x) is continuous on [0,\pi] and differentiable on (0,\pi).
Also,
\text{f}(\pi)=\text{f}(0)=0
Thus, f(x) satisfies all the conditions of Rolle's theorem.
Now, we have to show that there exists \text{c}\in(0,\pi) such that f'(c) = 0.
We have
\text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}
\Rightarrow \text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}}{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{x})=0
\Rightarrow\frac{\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}}{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}=0
\Rightarrow\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}=0
\Rightarrow\tan\text{x}=1
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4}
Thus, \text{c}=\frac{\pi}{4}\in(0,\pi) such that f'(c) = 0
Q209. If ey (x + 1) = 1, then show that \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} = \bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^{2}. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{e}^{\text{y}.} \text{(x + 1)} = 1 \Rightarrow \text{e}^{\text{y}}. \text{1 + (x + 1)}.\text{e}^{\text{y}}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = 0

\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = -\frac{1}{\text{(x + 1)}}
\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} = + \frac{1}{\text{(x + 1)}^{2}} = \big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big)^{2}
(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\cos\text{x}\log(\sin\text{x})
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}(-\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}}(\cos\text{x})-\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}[\cos\text{x}\cot\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}[\cos\text{x}\cot\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}]
Q211. Discuss the continuity of the f(x) at the indicated points f(x) = |x| + |x - 1| at x = 0, 1. 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=|\text{x}|+|\text{x}-1|
We have,
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[|0-\text{h}|+|0-\text{h}-1|\big]=1
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[|0+\text{h}|+|0+\text{h}-1|\big]=1
Also, \text{f}(1)=|1|+|1-1|=1+0=1
\therefore\ \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}
(0) and \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}=1
Hence, f(x) is continuous at x = 0, 1
Q212. If xm + yn = 1, Prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{my}}{\text{nx}} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, xm + yn = 1
Taking log on both side,
\log(\text{x}^\text{m}\text{y}^{\text{n}})=\log(1)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\text{m}\log\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{n}\log\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\log(1)\big\}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{m}}{\text{n}}+\frac{\text{n}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{m}}{\text{x}}\times\frac{\text{y}}{\text{n}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{my}}{\text{nx}}
Q213. If \text{y}=\log\sqrt{\frac{1+\tan\text{x}}{1-\tan\text{x}}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sec2\text{x} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\sqrt{\frac{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}{1-\text{e}^\text{x}}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\sqrt{\frac{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}{1-\text{e}^\text{x}}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{\sqrt[2]{\Big(\frac{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}{1-\text{e}^\text{x}}\Big)}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}{1-\text{e}^\text{x}}\Big)
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{2}\times\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{e}^\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}}\Bigg[\frac{\big(1-\text{e}^\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{e}^\text{x})-(1+\text{e}^\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(1-\text{e}^\text{x})\big)}{(1-\text{e}^\text{x})^2}\Bigg]
=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{e}^\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}}\bigg[\frac{(1-\text{e}^\text{x})\text{e}^\text{x}+(1+\text{e}^\text{x})\text{e}^\text{x}}{(1-\text{e}^\text{x})^2}\bigg]
=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{e}^\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}}\Big[\frac{2\text{e}^\text{x}}{(1-\text{e}^\text{x})^2}\Big]
=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{\sqrt{(1+\text{e}^\text{x})\sqrt{(1+\text{e}^\text{x})}}}\frac{1}{(1-\text{e}^\text{x})}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{(1-\text{e}^\text{x})\sqrt{1-\text{e}^{2\text{x}}}}
Q214. Find the values of a and b, if the function f defined by 4 Marks
\text{f}(x) = \begin{cases} x^{2} + 3x + \text{a} \text{ }, & x \leq 1\ bx + 2 \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ },& x > 1\ \end{cases}
is differentiable at x = 1.
Ans: \text{f}'_{1-} = \text{2x + 3 = 5}

\text{f}'_{1+} = \text{b}
\text{f}_{1-} = \text{f}'_{1+} \Rightarrow \text{b = 5}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^{-}} \text{f(x)} = \text{f(1)} = \lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^{+}} \text{f(x)}
\Rightarrow \text{4 + a = b + 2}
\Rightarrow \text{a = 3}
Q215. If \text{xy}=4, prove that \text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2\Big)=3\text{y} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{xy}=4

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{4}{\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\frac{4}{\text{x}}\big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=4\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^{-1}\big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=4(-1\times\text{x}^{-1-1})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=4\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{4}{\big(\frac{4}{\text{y}}\big)^2}\ \Big[\because\text{x}=\frac{4}{\text{y}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{4\text{y}^2}{16}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}^2}{4}
\Rightarrow4\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{y}^2
\Rightarrow4\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+4\text{y}^2=3\text{y}^2
\Rightarrow4\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2\Big)=3\text{y}^2
Dividing both side by x,
\Rightarrow\frac{4}{\text{x}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2\Big)=\frac{3\text{y}^2}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2\Big)=\frac{3\text{y}^2}{\text{y}}
\Rightarrow\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2\Big)=\frac{3\text{y}^2}{\text{y}}
\Rightarrow\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2\Big)=3\text{y}
Q216. Find the value of k in this question, so that the function f is continuous at the indicated point: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{kx}}-\sqrt{1-\text{kx}}}{\text{x}},&\text{if}-1\leq0\\\frac{2\text{x}+1}{\text{x}-1},&\text{if }0\leq\text{x}\leq1\end{cases} at x = 0.
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{kx}}-\sqrt{1-\text{kx}}}{\text{x}},&\text{if}-1\leq\text{x<0}\\\frac{2\text{x}+1}{\text{x}-1},&\text{if }0\leq\text{x}\leq1\end{cases} at x =

0
\text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{kx}}-\sqrt{1-\text{kx}}}{\text{x}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{kx}}-\sqrt{1-\text{kx}}}{\text{x}}\bigg)\cdot\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{kx}}+\sqrt{1-\text{kx}}}{\sqrt{1+\text{kx}}+\sqrt{1-
\text{kx}}}\bigg)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{1+\text{kx}-1+\text{kx}}{\text{x}\sqrt{1+\text{kx}}+\sqrt{1-\text{kx}}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{2\text{kx}}{\text{x}\sqrt{1+\text{kx}}+\sqrt{1-\text{kx}}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{k}}{\sqrt{1+\text{k}(0-\text{h})}+\sqrt{1-\text{k}(0-\text{h})}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{k}}{\sqrt{1-\text{kh}}+\sqrt{1+\text{kh}}}
=\frac{2\text{k}}{2}=\text{k}
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{2\text{x}+1}{\text{x}-1}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2(0+\text{h})+1}
{(0+\text{h})-1} =\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{h}+1}{\text{h}-1}=-1
Also \text{f}(0)=\frac{2\times0+1}{0-1}=-1
We must have L.H.L = R.H.L = f(0)
⇒ k = -1
Q217. If f is defined by \text{f(x)}=\text{x}^2-4\text{x}+7, show that \text{f}'(5)=2\text{f}'\Big(\frac{7}{2}\Big). 4 Marks
Ans: f(x) = x2 - 4x + 7 is a polynomial function, So it is differentiable everywhere.

\text{f}'(5)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(5+\text{h})-\text{f}(5)}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\big\{(5+\text{h})^2-4(5+\text{h})+7\big\}-[25-20+7]}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^2+25+10\text{h}-20-4\text{h}+7-12}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^2+6\text{h}}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{h}+6)
=6
\text{f}'\Big(\frac{7}{2}\Big)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}\Big(\frac{7}{2}+\text{h}\Big)^2-\text{f}\Big(\frac{7}{2}\Big)}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\Big[\Big(\frac{7}{2}+\text{h}\Big)^2-4\Big(\frac{7}{2}+\text{h}\Big)+7\Big]-\Big[\Big(\frac{7}{2}\Big)^2-4\Big(\frac{7}{2}\Big)+7\Big]}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\Big[\frac{49}{2}+\text{h}^2+7\text{h}-14-4\text{h}+7\Big]-\Big[\frac{49}{2}-14+7\Big]}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\frac{49}{2}+\text{h}^2+7\text{h}-14-4\text{h}+7-\frac{49}{2}-14+7}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^2+3\text{h}}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{h}+3)
=3
\text{f}'(5)=6
=2(3)
=\text{f}'(5)=2\text{f}'\Big(\frac{7}{2}\Big)
Q218. If \text{y}=\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}, prove that (1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2+(2\text{x}-1)\text{y}_1=0 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{y}=\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}\dots\text{ eq. }1
To prove: (1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2+(2\text{x}-1)\text{y}_1=0
Let's find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}
So, let’s first find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}
Using chain rule we will differentiate the above expression:
Let \text{t}=\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan^{-1}\text{x}=\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big]
And y = et
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{t}}\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}=\frac{\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}}{1+\text{x}^2}\dots\text{ eq. 2}
Again differentiating with respect to x applying product rule:
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}\Big(\frac{1}{1+\text{x}}\Big)+\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\frac{\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}\Big)\frac{2\text{xe}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2} \Big[\text{using eq. 2;}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^\text{n})=\text{nx}^{\text{x}-1}\text{ and }\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan^{-1}\text{x}=\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big]
(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}}{1+\text{x}^2}-\frac{2\text{xe}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}}{1+\text{x}^2}
(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}}{1+\text{x}^2}(1-2\text{x})
Using equation 2:
(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{2x})
\therefore(1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2+(2\text{x}-1)\text{y}_1=0\dots\text{ proved.}
Q219. Using differentials, find the approximate value of \sqrt{49.5} 4 Marks
Ans: Let y = \sqrt{x}\therefore\text{ y }+\Delta\text{y}=\sqrt{\text{x}+\Delta\text{x}}

\Rightarrow\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}.\Delta\text{x}\simeq\sqrt{\text{x}+\Delta\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{\text{1}}{\text{2}\sqrt{x}}.\Delta\text{x}\simeq\sqrt{\text{x}+\Delta\text{x}}
Putting x = 49 and Δx = 0.5 we get
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\text{49}}+\frac{\text{1}}{\text{2}\sqrt{49}}(0.5)\simeq\sqrt{\text{49.5}}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\text{49}}=7+\frac{\text{1}}{\text{28}}=\text{7.0357}.
Q220. If log y = tan–1 x, then show that \text{(1 + x}^{2}) \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} + \text{(2x + 1)} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = 0. 4 Marks
Ans: Differentiating the given expression w.r.t. x, we get

\frac{1}{\text{y}} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{1}{\text{1 + x}^{2}}
\Rightarrow \text{(1 + x}^{2}) \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \text{y}
diff. again w.r.t. x,
\text{(1 + x}^{2}) \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \text{(2x)} = \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow \text{(1 + x}^{2}) \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} + \text{(2x - 1)} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = 0
Q221. If \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{2^\text{z+2}-16}{4^\text{x}-16}, &\text{if x} \neq 2\\\text{k}, & \text{x} = 2\end{cases} 4 Marks
is continuous at x = 2, Find k.
Ans: We are given that the function is continuous at x = 2

\therefore LHL = RHL = f(2)...(i)
Now,
f(2) = k...(A)
\text{LHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 2^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(2-\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{2^{(2-\text{h)+2}}-16}{4^{(2-\text{h)}}-16}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{2^{2-\text{h}}-16}{4^{2-\text{h}}-16}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{2^4-2^\text{-h}-16}{4^2.4^\text{-h}-16}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{16.2^\text{-h}-16}{16.4^\text{-h}-16}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{16\Big(2^\text{-h}-1\Big)}{16\Big(4^\text{-h}-1\Big)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{2^\text{-h}-1}{\Big(2^\text{-h}\Big)-1^2} \Big[\because2^{-2\text{h}}=\Big(2^{-\text{h}}\Big)^2=4^{-\text{h}}\Big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{2^\text{-h}-1}{\Big(2^\text{-h}-1\Big)\Big(2^\text{-h}+1\Big)}=\frac{1}{2}\dots(\text{B})
\therefore Using (i) from (A) & (B)
\text{k}=\frac{1}{2}
Q222. It is given that the Rolle's theorem holds for the function f(x) = x3 + bx2 + cx, \text{x}\in[1,2] at the point \text{x}=\frac{4}{3}, the values of b and c. 4 Marks
Ans: So, f(1) = f(2)

⇒ (1)3 + b(1)2 + c(1) = (2)3 + b(2)2 + c(2)
⇒ 1 + b + c = 8 + 4b + 2c
⇒ 3b + c + 7 = 0 ....(i)
And \text{f}'\Big(\frac{4}{3}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow3\Big(\frac{4}{3}\Big)^2+2\text{b}\Big(\frac{4}{3}\Big)+\text{c}=0 [As, f'(x) = 3x2 + 2bx + c]
\Rightarrow\frac{16}{3}+\frac{8\text{b}}{3}+\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow8\text{b}+3\text{c}+16=0\ ....(\text{ii})
(ii) - (i) × 3, we get
8b - 9b + 16 - 21 = 0
⇒ -b - 5 = 0
⇒ b = -5
Substituting b = -5 in (i), we get
3(-5) + c + 7 = 0
⇒ -15 + c + 7 = 0
⇒c=8
\text{x}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{t}+\text{e}^{-\text{t}}}{2}\text{ and y}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{t}-\text{e}^\text{-t}}{2}
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\frac{\text{e}^{\text{t}}+\text{e}^{\text{-t}}}{2} and \text{y}=\frac{\text{e}^{\text{t}}+\text{e}^{\text{-t}}}{2}

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{1}{2}\bigg[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{e}^{\text{t}})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{e}^{\text{-t}})\bigg] and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{1}
{2}\bigg[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{e}^{\text{t}})-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{e}^{\text{-t}})\bigg]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{1}{2}\bigg[\text{e}^{\text{t}}+\text{e}^{\text{-t} \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}}(\text{-t})\bigg] and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{1}
{2}\bigg[\text{e}^{\text{t}}-\text{e}^{\text{-t}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}({\text{e}^{\text{-t}}})\bigg]
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}(\text{e}^{\text{t}}-\text{e}^\text{-t})=\text{y} and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{1}{2}(\text{e}^\text{t}+\text{e}^{\text{-t}})=\text{x}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}
Q224. If x = a (cos t + t sin t) and y = a (sin t – t cos t), 0 < t < \frac{\pi}{2}, 4 Marks
\text{find }\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{x}}{\text{dt}^{2}},\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dt}^{2}}\text{ and }\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}}.
Ans: x = a [cos t + t sin t] \Rightarrow \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}[-\sin\text{t}+\sin\text{t}+\text{t cos t}]=\text{at cos t}

y = a [sin t - t cos t] \Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}[\cos\text{t}-\cos\text{t}+\text{t sin t}]=\text{at sin t}
\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{x}}{\text{dt}^{2}}=\text{a[cos t - t sin t]},\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dt}^{2}}\text{a[sin t - t cos t]}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\tan\text{t}\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}}=\sec^{2}\text{t}\cdot\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{sec}^{2}\text{t}}{\text{at cos
t}}=\frac{\text{sec}^{3}\text{t}}{\text{at}}.
Q225. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} of the functions expressed in parametric: 4 Marks
\text{x}=3\cos\theta-2\cos^3\theta,\text{ y}=3\sin\theta-2\sin^3\theta.
Ans: \because\ \text{x}=3\cos\theta-2\cos^3\theta and \text{y}=3\sin\theta-2\sin^3\theta

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(3\cos\theta)-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(2\cos^3\theta)
=3.(-\sin\theta)-2.3\cos^2\theta.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}.\cos\theta
=-3\sin\theta+6\cos^2\theta\sin\theta
and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=3\cos\text{A}-2.3\sin^2\theta.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}.\sin\theta
=3\cos\theta-6\sin^2\theta.\cos\theta
Now, \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{3\cos\theta-6\sin^2\theta\cos\theta}{-3\sin\theta+6\cos^2\theta\sin\theta}
=\frac{3\cos\theta(1-2\sin^2\theta)}{3\sin\theta(-1+2\cos^2\theta)} =\cot\theta.\frac{\cos2\theta}{\cos2\theta}=\cot\theta
Q226. If \text{f(x)}=\frac{\tan\big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\text{x}\big)}{\cot2\text{x}} for \text{x}\neq\frac{\pi}{4}, find the value which can be assigned to f(x) at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4} so that the function f(x) 4 Marks
becomes continuous every where in \Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
Ans: Where \text{x}\neq\frac{\pi}{4},\ \tan\big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\text{x}\big) and \cot2\text{x} are continuous in \Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]

Thus, the quotient function \frac{\tan\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\text{x}\Big)}{\cot2\text{x}} is continuous in \Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big] for each \text{x}\neq\frac{\pi}{4}
So, if f(x) is continuous at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4}, then it will be everywhere continuous in \Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
Now,
Let us consider the point \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4}
Given, \text{f(x)}=\frac{\tan\big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\text{x}\big)}{\cot2\text{x}},\text{x}\neq\frac{\pi}{4}
We have
\Big(\text{LHL at x}=\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{4}^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}-
\text{h}\Big)\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg(\frac{\tan\big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\pi}{4}+\text{h}\big)}{\cot\big(\frac{\pi}
{2}-2\text{h}\big)}\Bigg)=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\tan(\text{h})}{\tan(2\text{h})}\Big)\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg(\frac{\frac{\tan(\text{h})}{\text{h}}}
{\frac{2\tan(2\text{h})}{2\text{h}}}\Bigg)=\frac{1}{2}\Bigg(\frac{\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\tan(\text{h})}{\text{h}}}{\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\tan(2\text{h})}
{2\text{h}}}\Bigg)=\frac{1}{2}
\Big(\text{RHL at x}=\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{4}^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}
{4}+\text{h}\Big)\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg(\frac{\tan\big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\pi}{4}-\text{h}\big)}{\cot\big(\frac{\pi}
{2}+2\text{h}\big)}\Bigg)=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\tan(-\text{h})}{-\tan(2\text{h})}\Big)\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\tan(\text{h})}
{\tan(2\text{h})}\Big)=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg(\frac{\frac{\tan(\text{h})}{\text{h}}}{\frac{2\tan(2\text{h})}{2\text{h}}}\Bigg)\\=\frac{1}
{2}\Bigg(\frac{\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\tan(\text{h})}{\text{h}}}{\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\tan(2\text{h})}{2\text{h}}}\Bigg)=\frac{1}{2}
If f(x) is continuous at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4}, then
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{4}^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{4}^-}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)
\therefore\ \text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=\frac{1}{2}
Hence, for \text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=\frac{1}{2}, the function f(x) will be everywhere continuous in \Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
\text{x}=\text{ae}^{\theta}(\sin\theta-\cos\theta),\text{y}=\text{ae}^\theta(\sin\theta+\cos\theta)
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\text{ae}^{\theta}(\sin\theta-\cos\theta) and \text{y}=\text{ae}^{\theta}(\sin\theta+\cos\theta)

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Big[\text{e}^\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sin\theta-\cos\theta)+(\sin\theta-\cos\theta)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}
(\text{e}^\theta)\Big] and
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Big[\text{e}^\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sin\theta+\cos\theta)+(\sin\theta+\cos\theta)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\text{e}^\theta)\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Big[\text{e}^\theta(\cos\theta+\sin\theta)+(\sin\theta-\cos\theta)(\text{e}^\theta)\Big] and \frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Big[\text{e}^\theta(\cos\theta-\sin\theta)+(\sin\theta+\cos\theta)(\text{e}^\theta)\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\big[2\text{e}^\theta(\sin\theta)\big] and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\big[2\text{e}^\theta(\cos\theta)\big]
\therefore\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{\text{a}(2\text{e}^\theta\cos\theta)}{\text{a}(2\text{e}^\theta\sin\theta)}=\cot\theta
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}},&\text{if }\text{ x}<0\\2\text{x}+3,&\text{ x}\geq0\end{cases}
Ans: When x < 0, we have \text{f(x)}=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}

We know that \sin\text{x} and the identity function continuous for x < 0, so the quotient function
\text{f(x)}=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}} is continuous for x < 0
When x > 0 f(x) = 2x + 3, which is a polynomial of degree 1. So, f(x) 2x + 3 is continuous for x > 0
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin(-\text{h})}{-\text{h}}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\sin\text{h}}{-\text{h}}=1
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin(\text{h})}{\text{h}}=1
\text{f}(0)=2\times0+3=3
Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
Q229. Find the relationship between 'a' and 'b' so that the function 'f' defined by: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{ax + 1,} &\text{if x}\leq3\\\text{bx + 3,} & \text{if x > 3}\end{cases}\text{is continuous at x = 3.}
Ans: L.H.L. = 3a + 1
f (3) = 3a + 1
RHL = 3b + 3
since f(x) is continuous at x = 3, \therefore 3a + 1 = 3b + 3.
OR 3a – 3b = 2, which is the required relation.
Q230. Find the values of p and q, for which 4 Marks
is continuous at
Ans:
Q231. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} when x and y are connected by the relation: 4 Marks
\sin(\text{xy})+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}=\text{x}^2-\text{y}
Ans: Consider, \sin(\text{xy})+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}=\text{x}^2-\text{y}

\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{xy})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}^2-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \cos\text{xy}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy})+\frac{\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}-\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{y}}
{\text{y}^2}=2\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ \cos\text{xy}\cdot\Big[\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{y}+\text{y}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cdot\text{x}\Big]+\frac{\text{y}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}}
{\text{y}^2}=2\text{x}-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}\cos\text{xy}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\cos\text{xy}+\frac{\text{y}}{\text{y}^2}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}^2}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}=2\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}\cos\text{xy}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}^2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{x}-\text{y}\cos\text{xy}-\frac{1}
{\text{y}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\text{x}\cos\text{xy}-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}^2}+1\Big]=2\text{x}-\text{y}\cos\text{xy}-\frac{1}{\text{y}}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big[\frac{2\text{xy}-\text{y}^2\cos\text{xy}-1}{\text{y}}\Big]\Big[\frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{xy}^2\cos\text{xy}-\text{x}+\text{y}^2}\Big]
=\frac{2\text{xy}^2-\text{y}^3\cos\text{xy}-\text{y}}{\text{xy}^2\cos\text{xy}-\text{x}+\text{y}^2}
Q232. If x = a (cos θ + log tan \frac{\theta}{2}) and y = a sin θ, find the value of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} at θ = \frac{\pi}{4}. 4 Marks
Ans: x = a (cos θ + log tan \frac{\theta}{2}), y = a sin θ.

\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Bigg[-\sin\theta+\frac{\frac{1}{2}\sec^{2}\theta/2}{\tan\frac{\theta}{2}}\Bigg],
=\text{a}\Bigg[-\sin\theta+\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{\cos^{2}\theta/2}\frac{\cos\theta/2}{\sin\theta/2}\Bigg],
=\text{a}\Bigg[\frac{1}{\sin\theta}-\sin\theta\Bigg]=\frac{\text{a cos}^{2}\theta}{\sin\theta},\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a cos}\theta
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{a cos}\theta\times\sin\theta}{\text{a cos}^{2}\theta}=\tan\theta
\Bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Bigg)_{\text{at }\theta=\pi/4}=\text{1.}
\text{x}=\frac{1+\log\text{t}}{\text{t}^2},\text{ y}=\frac{3+2\log\text{t}}{\text{t}}.
Ans: Consider, \text{x}=\frac{1+\log\text{t}}{\text{t}^2} and \text{y}=\frac{3+2\log\text{t}}{\text{t}}

\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{t}^2\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(1+\log\text{t})-(1+\log\text{t})\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\text{t}^2}{(\text{t}^2)^2}
=\frac{\text{t}^2\cdot\frac{1}{\text{t}}-(1+\log\text{t})\cdot2\text{t}}{\text{t}^4}
=\frac{\text{t}-(1+\log\text{t})\cdot2\text{t}}{\text{t}^4}
=\frac{-1-2\log\text{t}}{\text{t}^3}
and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{t}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(3+2\log\text{t})-(3+2\log\text{t})\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\text{t}}{\text{t}^2}
=\frac{\text{t}\cdot2\cdot\frac{1}{\text{t}}-(3+2\log\text{t})\cdot1}{\text{t}^2}a
=\frac{-1-2\log\text{t}}{\text{t}^2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{-1-2\log\frac{\text{t}}{\text{t}^2}}{-1-2\log\frac{\text{t}}{\text{t}^3}}=\text{t}
\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}}{1+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^3}}\Big\},-1<\text{x}<1
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}}{1+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^3}}\Big\}

Put \text{x}=\sin\theta
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\sin\theta}{1+\sqrt{1-\sin^2\theta}}\Big\}
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\theta}{1+\cos\theta}\Big)
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\bigg\{\frac{2\sin\frac{\theta}{2}\cos\frac{\theta}{2}}{2\cos^2\frac{\theta}{2}}\bigg\}
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\tan\frac{\theta}{2}\Big)\ .....(\text{i})
Here, -1<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow\ -1<\sin\theta<1
\Rightarrow -\frac{\pi}{4}<\frac{\theta}{2}<\frac{\pi}{4}
\text{y}=\frac{\theta}{2}\ \Big[\text{Since}, \tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big[\text{Since, x}=\sin\theta\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
Q235. Find the values of p and q so that \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+\text{p},&\text{if x}\leq1\\\text{qx}+2,&\text{if x}>1\end{cases} is differentiable at x = 1. 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+\text{p},&\text{if x}\leq1\\\text{qx}+2,&\text{if x}>1\end{cases} is differentiable at x = 1.

\text{Lf}'(1)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\frac{\big(\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+\text{p}\big)-\big(1+3+\text{p}\big)}{\text{x}-1}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\big[(1-\text{h})^2+3(1-\text{h})+\text{p}\big]-[4+\text{p}]}{(1-\text{h})-1}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\big[1+\text{h}^2-2\text{h}+3-3\text{h}+\text{p}\big]-[4+\text{p}]}{-\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\big[\text{h}^2-5\text{h}+\text{p}+4-4-\text{p}\big]}{-\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}[\text{h}-5]}{-\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}-[\text{h}-5]=5
\text{Rf}'(1)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\frac{(\text{qx}+2)-(\text{q}+2)}{\text{x}-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\big[\text{q}+\text{qh}+2-2-\text{q}\big]}{\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{qh}}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{q}
Since, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1
\therefore\ \text{Lf}'(1)=\text{Rf}'(1),
\therefore\ 5=\text{q}
Substituting q = 5, we get
\text{p}=3
\therefore\ \text{p}=3\text{ and q}=5
f(x) = x3 - 2x2 - x + 3 on [0, 1]
Ans: Here,
f(x) = x3 - 2x2 - x + 3
Since f(x) is polynomial function. So, f(x) is continuous in [0, 1] and differentiable in (0, 1).
Thus, both conditions of Lagrange's mean value theorem is appplicable.
Thus, there exist a point \text{c}\in(0,1) such that
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(1)-\text{f}(0)}{1-0}
\Rightarrow3\text{c}^2-4\text{c}-1=\frac{[(1)^3-2(1)^2-(1)+3]-3}{1}
⇒ 3c2 - 4c - 1 = 1-2
⇒ 3c2 - 4c + 1 = 0
⇒ 3c2 - 3c - c + 1 = 0
⇒ 3c(c - 1) - 1(c - 1) = 0
⇒ (3c - 1)(c - 1) = 0
\Rightarrow\text{c}=\frac{1}{3}\in(0,1)
\text{f}(\text{x})=\text{e}^{\text{x}}\cos{\text{x}}\text{ on }\Big[\frac{-\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
Ans: The given function is \text{f}(\text{x})=\text{e}^{\text{x}}\cos{\text{x}}

Since \cos\text{x}\ \&\ \text{e}^{\text{x}} are everywhere continuous and differentiable.
Therefore, f(x) being a product of these two, is continuous on \Big[\frac{-\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big] and differentiable on \Big(\frac{-\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)
Also,
\text{f}\Big(\frac{-\pi}{2}\Big)=\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)=0
Now, we have to show that there exists \text{c}\in\Big(\frac{-\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that f'(c) = 0.
We have
\text{f}(\text{x})=\text{e}^{\text{x}}\cos{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\text{e}^{\text{x}}(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\text{e}^{\text{x}}(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})=0
\Rightarrow\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}=0
\Rightarrow\tan\text{x}=-1
Since, \text{c}=\frac{\pi}{4}\in\Big(\frac{\pi}{4},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that f'(c) = 0
Hence, Rolle's theorem verified.
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x[x]},&\text{if }0\leq\text{x}<2\\(\text{x}-1)\text{x},&\text{if }2\leq\text{x}<3\end{cases}
at x = 2.
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x[x]},&\text{if }0\leq\text{x}<2\\(\text{x}-1)\text{x},&\text{if }2\leq\text{x}<3\end{cases} at x = 2

Let us first check continuity at x = 2
\text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\text{x[x]} =\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(2-\text{h})[2-\text{h}]=2\times1=2
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^+}(\text{x}-1)\text{x} =\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(2+\text{h}-1)(2+\text{h})=1\times2=2
Also, f(2) = (2 - 1)2 = 2
Thus, f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
Now \text{Lf}'(2)=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(2-\text{h})-\text{f}(2)}{-\text{h}} =\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(2-\text{h})[2-\text{h}]-2}{-\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(2-\text{h}).1-2}{-\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\text{h}}{-\text{h}}=1
\text{Rf}'(2)=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(2+\text{h})-\text{f}(2)}{\text{h}} =\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(2+\text{h}-1)(2+\text{h})-2}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^2+3\text{h}}{\text{h}}=3
Clearly, Lf'(2) ≠ Rf'(2)
Thus, f(x) is not diffcrentiable at x = 2.
Q239. If \text{f(x)} = \begin{cases} \frac{\text{x}^{2}-25}{\text{x - 5}},\\\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }k,&\\ \end{cases}\quad \text{when x}\neq5\\\\\quad \text{when x = 5 }is continuous at x 4 Marks
= 5, find the value of k.
Ans: For \DeclareMathOperator*{\median}{\text{lim}} \median_{\text{x}\rightarrow5}\frac{\text{x}^{2}-25}{\text{x - 5}}=\DeclareMathOperator*{\median}{\text{lim}}

\median_{\text{x}\rightarrow5}(\text{x + 5})=10
\therefore\text{k}=10.
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\-1,&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}
Ans: The given function f is \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\-1,&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}

It is evident that f is defind at all points of the real line.
Let c be a real number.
Case I:
If \text{c}\neq0, then \text{f(c)}=\sin\text{c}-\cos\text{c}
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})=\sin\text{c}-\cos\text{c}
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that \text{x}\neq0
Case II:
If c = 0, then f(0) = -1
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\\=\sin0-\cos0=0-1=-1
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\\=\sin0-\cos0=0-1=-1
Therefore, f is continuousb at x = 0
From tha above observations, it can be continuous that f is continuous at every point of the real line.
Thus, f is a continuous function.
\text{x}^{\cos^{-1}\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^{\cos^{-1}\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log\text{x}^{\cos^{-1}\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}\log\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}\Big(\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos^{-1}}{\text{x}}-\frac{\log\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{\cos^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}}-\frac{\log\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\cos^{-1}\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\cos^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}}-\frac{\log\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big]
\sin^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}}\Big\}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}}\Big\}

Put \text{x}=\text{a}\tan\theta
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\text{a}\tan\theta}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2\tan^2\theta+\text{a}^2}}\Big\}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\bigg\{\frac{\text{a}\tan\theta}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2(\tan^2\theta+1)}}\bigg\}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{a}\tan\theta}{\text{a}\sec\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\theta
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)\big[\text{Since, x} = \text{a}\tan\theta\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+\big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\big)^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{a}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}\times\big(\frac{1}{\text{a}}\big)
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{a}}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}
Q243. If \text{xy}=1, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2=0 4 Marks
Ans: Here, xy = 1 .....(i)

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1)
\Rightarrow\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}(1)=0
\Big[\text{Put x}=\frac{1}{\text{y}}\text{ from equation (i)}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}}{\frac{1}{\text{y}}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{y}^2
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2=0
\text{f}(\text{x})=\text{e}^{1-\text{x}^2}\text{ on }[-1,1]
Ans: Here,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\text{e}^{1-\text{x}^2}\text{ on }[-1,1]
We know that, exponantial function is continuous and differentiable everywhere. So, f(x) is continuous IS [-1,1] and differentiable is (-1,1).
Now,
\text{f}(-1)=\text{e}^{1-1}=1
\text{f}(1)=\text{e}^{1-1}=1
\Rightarrow\text{f}(-1)=1
So, Rolle's theorem is applicable, so there must exist a point \text{c}\in(-1,1) such that f'(c) = 0.
Now,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\text{e}^{1-\text{x}^2}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\text{e}^{1-\text{x}^2}(-2\text{x})
Now,
-2\text{ce}^{1-\text{c}^2}=0
\Rightarrow\text{c}=0 or \text{e}^{1-\text{c}^2}=0
\Rightarrow\text{c}=0\in(-1,1)
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}\big), -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
Ans: The given relationship is,\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}\big)

\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}\big)
\Rightarrow\sin\text{y}=2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}
\cos\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\bigg[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}\big)+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-\sin^{2}\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}}=2\bigg[\frac{\text{x}}{2}.\frac{-2\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-\big(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}\big)^{2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\bigg[\frac{-\text{x}^{2}+1-\text{x}^{2}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^{2}\big({1-\text{x}^{2}}\big)}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\bigg[\frac{1-2\text{x}^{2}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}\bigg]
\sqrt{1-4x^2+4x^4}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\bigg[\frac{1-2\text{x}^{2}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\sqrt{(1-2\text{x}^{2}})^{2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\bigg[\frac{1-2\text{x}^{2}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\big(1-2\text{x}^{2}\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\bigg[\frac{1-2\text{x}^{2}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
Q246. Examine the applicability of Mean Value Theorem for all three functions given in the above exercise 2. 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=[\text{x}]\text{ for x}\in[5,\ 9]
Ans: By Rolle's Theorem, for a function \text{f}:[\text{a},\ \text{b}]\rightarrow\text{R},\text{if}

1. f is continuous on [a, b]
2. f is differentiabie on (a, b)
3. f(a) = f(b)
then, there exists some \text{c}\in(\text{a},\ \text{b}) such that f'(c) = 0
Therefore, Rolle's Theorem is not applicable to those functions that do not satisfy any of the three two conditions of the hypothesis.
\text{f(x)}=[\text{x}]\text{for x}\in[5,\ 9]
In particular, f(x) is not continuous at x = 5 and x = 9
\Rightarrow\ f(x) is not continuous in [5, 9].
The differentiability of f in (5, 9) is checked as follows.
Let n be an integer such that n \in(5, 9).
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{f(n}+\text{h})-\text{f(n)}}{\text{h}}=^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{[\text{n}+\text{h}]-[\text{n}]}{\text{h}} =^{\ \
\text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{n}-1-\text{n}}{\text{h}}=^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{-1}{\text{h}}=\infty
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{f(n}+\text{h})-\text{f(n)}}{\text{h}}=^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{[\text{n}+\text{h}]-[\text{n}]}{\text{h}} =^{\ \
\text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{n}-\text{n}}{\text{h}}=^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}0=0
Since the left and right hand limits of f at x = n are not equal, f is not differentiable at x = n
\therefore\ f is not differentiable in (5, 9).
It is observed that f dose not satisfy all the conditions of the hypothesis of Mean value Theorem.
Hence, Mean value Theorem is not applicable for \text{f(x)}=[\text{x}]\text{ for x}\in[5,\ 9].
Q247. Differentiate the following function with respect to x: 4 Marks
(\log\text{x})^{x} + \text{x}^{\log\text{x}}.
Ans: Let y =(log x)x + x logx

\Rightarrow y =u+v where u=(log x)x , v = xlog x
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} + \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} - - - - (i)
Now u=(log x)x
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
logu= x. log(log x)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
\frac{1}{\text{u}}.\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} =\text{x}.\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}.\frac{1}{\text{x}} + \log(\log\text{x} )\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} = \text{u}\left\{\frac{1}{\log\text{x}} +
\log(\log\text{x})\right\}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} = (\log\text{x})^{x}\left\{\frac{1}{\log\text{x}} + \log(\log\text{x})\right\} - - - - (ii)
Again v = xlog x
Taking logarithm of both sides , we get
log v = log xlog x
\Rightarrow\log\text{v} = \log\text{x}.\log\text{x}\Rightarrow\log v = ( \log\text{x})^{2}
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
\frac{1}{v}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} = 2 \log\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} = 2 \text{x}^{log\text{ x}}.\frac{\log\text{x}}{\text{x}} - - - - - (iii)
Putting \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}\text{ and } \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} from (ii) and (iii) in (i) we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = ( \log\text{x})^{x}\left\{\frac{1}{\log\text{x}} + \log(\log\text{x})\right\} + 2 \frac{\log\text{x.x}^{\log\text{x}}}{\text{x}}.
Q248. If \text{x}=\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{a}}\log\text{y}\Big), show that (1-\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2-\text{xy}_1-\text{a}^2\text{y}=0 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{x}=\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{a}}\log\text{y}\Big),
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{a}}\log\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{e}^\text{a}\sin^{-1}\text{x}
Differentiating w.r.t.x, we get
\text{y}_1=\text{e}^{\text{a} \sin^{-1}\text{x}}\times\frac{\text{a}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}_1=\frac{\text{ay}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\text{y}_2=\frac{\text{ay}_1\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}+\frac{\text{x}\text{ay}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}}{(1-\text{x}^2)}
\Rightarrow\text{y}_2=\frac{\text{ay}_1(1-\text{x}^2)+\text{xay}}{(1-\text{x}^2)\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}_2=\frac{\text{ay}_1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}+\frac{\text{xay}}{(1-\text{x}^2)\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}_2=\frac{\text{a}^2\text{y}}{1-\text{x}^2}+{\frac{\text{xy}_1}{(1-\text{x}^2)}}
\Rightarrow(1-\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2-\text{xy}_1-\text{a}^2\text{y}=0
Q249. If \text{x}-\text{e}^{\tan\text{x}}+\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\text{x}^{\tan\text{x}}+\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}}
\text{y}=\text{e}^{\tan\text{x}\log\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{2}\log\big(\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}\big)}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\tan\text{x}\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x}\log\text{x})+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{2}\log\big(\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}\big)}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{2}\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}\Big)\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\tan\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\tan\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\sec^3\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big]+\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}}\Big(\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{2}
{\text{x}^2+1}\times(\text{x})\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\tan\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\tan\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\sec^3\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big]+\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{2}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}^2+1}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\tan\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\tan\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\sec^3\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big]+\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{2(\text{x}^2+1)}}
f(x) = x(x - 1) on [1, 2]
Ans: We have
f(x) = x(x - 1) which can be rewritten as f(x) = x2 - x
Since a polynomial function is everywhere continuous and differentiable.
Therefore, f(x) is continuous on [1, 2] and differentiable on (1, 2).
Thus, both conditions of Lagrange's mean value theorem is satisfied.
So, there must exist at least one real number \text{c}\in(1,2) such that
Now, f(x) = x2 - x
⇒ f'(x) = 2x - 1,
⇒ f(2) = 2, f(1) = 0
\Rightarrow2\text{x}-1=\frac{2-0}{2-1}
\Rightarrow2\text{x}-1-2=0
\Rightarrow2\text{x}=3
Thus, \text{c}=\frac{3}{2}\in(1,2) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(2)-\text{f}(1)}{2-1}
Q251. If \text{x}=\text{a}\sec^3\theta,\text{y}=\text{a}\tan^3\theta, then find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} at \theta=\frac{\pi}{4}. 4 Marks
Ans: \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{3\text{a}\tan^2\theta\sec^2\theta}{3\text{a}\sec^3\theta\tan\theta}=\sin\theta
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\cos\theta\cdot\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{3\text{a}\sec^4\theta\tan\theta}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\Bigg|_{\theta=\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{1}{12\text{a}}
Q252. Discuss the continuity of the function \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x}-1,&\text{if }\text{ x}<2\\\frac{3\text{x}}{2},&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq2\end{cases} 4 Marks
Ans: When x < 2, we have

f(x) = 2x - 1
We know that a polynomial function is everywhere continuous.
So, f(x) is continuous for each x < 2
When x > 2, we have
\text{f(x)}=\frac{3\text{x}}{2}
The functions 3x and 2 are continuous being the polynomial and constant function, respectively.
Thus, the quotient function \frac{3\text{x}}{2} is continuous at each x > 2
Now,
Let us consider the point x = 2
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x}-1,&\text{if }\text{ x}<2\\\frac{3\text{x}}{2},&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq2\end{cases}
We have
(\text{LHL at x}= 2)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2-\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(2(2-\text{h})-1)=4-1=3
(\text{LHL at x}= 2)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2+\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{3(\text{h}+2)}{2}=3
Also,
\text{f}(2)=\frac{3(2)}{2}=3
\therefore\ \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(2)
Thus, f(x) is continuous at x = 2
Hence, f(x) is everywhere continuous.
\text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\text{x}^{10} - 1,\ \ \text{if x}\leq 1 \\\text{x}^2,\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if x}>1\end{cases}
Ans: Here \text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\text{x}^{10} - 1,\ \ \text{if x}\leq 1 \\\text{x}^2,\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if x}>1\end{cases}
Three cases arise:
Case I: c < 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{(x}^{10} - 1) = \text{c}^{10}- 1
f(c) = c10 - 1
Case II: c > 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{x}^{2} = \text{c}^{2}
f(c) = c2
Case III: c = 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{(x}^{10} - 1) = 1^{10}- 1 = 1 - 1 =0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{x}^2 = (1)^2 = 1
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} \neq ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
\therefore f is discontinuous at x = 1.
Q254. In the following, find the value of the constant k so that the given function is continuous at the indicated point: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}+1,&\text{if}\text{ x}\leq\pi\\\cos\text{x},&\text{if}\text{ x}>\pi\end{cases}\text{at x} = \pi
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}+1,&\text{if}\text{ x}\leq\pi\\\cos\text{x},&\text{if}\text{ x}>\pi\end{cases}
We have,
(\text{LHL at x}= \pi)=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\pi-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{k}(\pi-\text{h})+1=\text{k}\pi+1
(\text{RHL at x}= \pi)=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\pi+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\cos(\pi+\text{h})=\cos\pi=-1
If f(x) is continuous at \text{x}=\pi, then
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi^+}\text{f(x)}
\Rightarrow\text{k}\pi+1=-1
\Rightarrow\text{k}=\frac{-2}{\pi}
Q255. If \text{y}=\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}, prove that \text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{x}=0 4 Marks
Ans: DIfferentiating with respect to x,

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}\big)
=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2\big)
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}(-2\text{x})
=\frac{-\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{x}}{\text{y}}
\big[\text{Since},\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}=\text{y}\big]
\Rightarrow\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{x}
Hence, the solution is, \text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{x}=0
\text{f}(\text{x})=\cos2\text{x}\text{ on }\Big[\frac{-\pi}{4},\frac{\pi}{4}\Big]
Ans: Here
\text{f}(\text{x})=\cos2\text{x}\text{ on }\Big[\frac{-\pi}{4},\frac{\pi}{4}\Big]
We know that \cos\text{x} is continuous and differentiable everywhere. So, f(x) is continuous in \Big[\frac{-\pi}{4},\frac{\pi}{4}\Big] and differentiable is \Big(\frac{-\pi}{4},\frac{\pi}{4}\Big).
Now,
\text{f}\Big(-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=\cos2\Big(-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=\cos\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)=0
\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=\cos2\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=\cos\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow\text{f}\Big(-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)
So, Rolle's theorem is applicable, so, there must exist a \text{c}\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that f'(c) = 0
Now,
\text{f}'(\text{x})=2\sin2\text{x}
\text{f}'(\text{c})=2\sin2\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow\sin2\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow2\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow\text{c}=0\in\Big(\frac{-\pi}{4},\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)
Thus, Rolle's theorem verified.
Q257. If \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big(6\text{x}\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\big), -\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}, then find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big(6\text{x}\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\big), -\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}

So, \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\sin^{-1}\big(6\text{x}\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\big)\big]
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\sin^{-1}\big(6\text{x}\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\big)\Big]
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\big(6\text{x}\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\big)^2}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(6\text{x}\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\big)
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-[36\text{x}^2(1-9\text{x}^2)]}}\times\Big(6\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}+\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(6\text{x})\Big)
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-36\text{x}^2-324\text{x}^4}}\times\Big(6\text{x}\times\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-9\text{x}^2)+\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}(6)\Big)
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-36\text{x}^2-324\text{x}^4}}\times\Big(6\text{x}\times\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}}(-18\text{x}^2)+6\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\Big)
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-36\text{x}^2-324\text{x}^4}}\times\Big(\frac{-54\text{x}^2}{\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}}+6\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\Big)
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-36\text{x}^2-324\text{x}^4}}\times\Big(\frac{-54\text{x}^2+6\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}}{\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}}\Big)
=\frac{-54\text{x}^2+6-54\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\sqrt{1-36\text{x}^2-324\text{x}^4}}
=\frac{6-108\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}\sqrt{1-36\text{x}^2-324\text{x}^4}}
Q258. Given the function \text{f(x)}=\frac{1}{\text{x}+2}. Find the points of discontinuity of the composite function y = f(f(x)). 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\frac{1}{\text{x}+2}

\therefore\ \text{y}=\text{f}\big\{\text{f(x)}\big\}
=\text{f}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}+2}\Big)=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\text{x}+2}+2}
=\frac{1}{1+2\text{x}+4}\cdot(\text{x}+2)=\frac{(\text{x}+2)}{(2\text{x}+5)}
So, the function y will not be continuous at those points, where it is not defined as it is a rational function.
Therefore, \text{y}=\frac{(\text{x}+2)}{(2\text{x}+5)} is not defined, when 2x + 5 = 0
\therefore\ \text{x}=\frac{-5}{2}
Hence, y is discontinuous at \text{x}=\frac{-5}{2}
\text{x}=\text{e}^\theta\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big),\text{ y}=\text{e}^{-\theta}\Big(\theta-\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\text{e}^\theta\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big) and \text{y}=\text{e}^{-\theta}\Big(\theta-\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\bigg[\text{e}^\theta\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)\bigg]
=\text{e}^\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)+\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\text{e}^\theta =\text{e}^\theta\Big(1-\frac{1}
{\theta^2}\Big)+\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)\text{e}^\theta
=\text{e}^\theta\Big(1-\frac{1}{\theta^2}+\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big) =\text{e}^\theta\Big(\frac{\theta^2-1+\theta^3+\theta}{\theta^2}\Big)\ \ \dots(\text{i})
and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\bigg[\text{e}^{-\theta}\cdot\Big(\theta-\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)\bigg] =\text{e}^{-\theta}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{d}\theta}\Big(\theta-\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)+\Big(\theta-\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\text{e}^{-\theta}
=\text{e}^{-\theta}\Big(1+\frac{1}{\theta^2}\Big)-\Big(1-\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)\text{e}^{-\theta} =\text{e}^{\theta}\Big[\frac{\theta^2+1-\theta^3+\theta}{\theta^2}\Big]\ \ \dots(\text{ii})
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{\text{e}^{-\text{e}\Big(\frac{\theta^2+1-\theta^3+\theta}
{\theta^2}\Big)}}{\text{e}^\theta\Big(\frac{\theta^2-1+\theta^3+\theta}{\theta^2}\Big)} =\text{e}^{-2\theta}\Big(\frac{-\theta^3+\theta^2+\theta+1}{\theta^3+\theta^2+\theta-1}\Big)
\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big),\frac{-\pi}{4}<\text{x}<\frac{\pi}{4}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)
=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)^2}}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)
\Big[\because\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big]
=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{4-\frac{(\sin^2\text{x}+\cos^2\text{x}+2\sin\text{x}\cdot\cos\text{x})}{2}}}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})
=\frac{-1\cdot\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{1-\sin2\text{x}}}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})
\big[\because1-\sin2\text{x}=(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})^2=\cos^2\text{x}+\sin^2\text{x}-2\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}\big]
=\frac{-1(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})}{(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})}=-1
Q261. Let f: N \rightarrow N be defined by 4 Marks
\text{f(n)} = \begin{cases} \frac{\text{n + 1}}{2}, & \text{if n is odd}\\ \frac{\text{n}}{2},& \text{if n is even}\\ \end{cases}for all n \in N.
Find whether the function f is bijective.
Ans: For n = 1, we have

\text{f(1)}=\frac{1+1}{2}=\frac{2}{2}=1
For n = 2, we have
\text{f(2)}=\frac{2}{2}=1
Thus, f(1) = f(2) for 1 ≠ 2
So, f is not one-one as two distinct elements in the domain have the same image under function f.
Suppose n be an arbitrary element of N.
If n is odd natural number, then 2n –1 is also an odd natural number.
\therefore{\text{f (2n - 1)}}=\frac{\text{2n - 1 + 1}}{2}=\frac{\text{2n}}{2}=\text{n}
If n is even natural number, then 2n is also an even natural number.
\therefore{\text{f (2n)}}=\frac{\text{2n}}{2}=\text{n}
Thus, for every n in the codomain of f, there exists its pre image in the domain N. Hence, the range of f is equal to the codomain of f. So, fis onto.
The function is not one-one but onto. Hence, f is not bijective.
Q262. If (\cos\text{x})^\text{y}=(\cos\text{y})^\text{x}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 4 Marks
Ans: (\cos\text{x})^\text{y}=(\cos\text{y})^\text{x}
Taking log on both sides we get
\text{y}\log\cos\text{x}=\text{x}\log\cos\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\log\cos\text{x}-\text{y}\tan\text{x}=\log\cos\text{y}-\text{x}\tan\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\log\cos\text{x}+\text{x}\tan\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log\cos\text{y}+\text{y}\tan\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\log\cos\text{x}+\text{x}\tan\text{y})=\log\cos\text{y}+\text{y}\tan\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\log\cos\text{y}+\text{y}\tan\text{x}}{\log\cos\text{x}+\text{x}\tan\text{y}}
(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x)}^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})},\ \frac{\pi}{4}<\text{x}<\frac{3\pi}{4}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x)}^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}

Tanking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain
\log\text{y}=\log\big[(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x)}^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}\big]
\Rightarrow\ \log\text{y}=(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x)}.\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})+(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}).\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}).(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})+(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}).\frac{1}{(\sin\text{x}-
\cos\text{x})}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x)}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x)}^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}[(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x}).\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})+(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})]
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})^{(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})}(\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x})[1+\log(\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})]
\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}}
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}}\big)
=\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)
[Using chain rule]
=\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}}\times\frac{1}{1+(\sqrt{\text{x}})^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)
=\frac{\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}}}{1+\text{x}}\times\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}
=\frac{\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}}}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}(1+\text{x})}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big)=\frac{\text{e}^{\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}}}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}(1+\text{x})}
\text{f(x)}=\text{x}(\text{x}+3)\text{e}^{-\frac{\text{x}}{2}}\text{ in }[-3,0].
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\text{x}(\text{x}+3)\text{e}^{-\frac{\text{x}}{2}}

Since polynomial function x(x + 3) and exponential funxtion \text{e}^{-\frac{\text{x}}{2}} are continuous and diffferentiable in R, given function f(x) is also continuous and differentiable in R
Also f(0) = f(-3) = 0
So, conditions of Rolle's theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a real number \text{c}\in(-3,0) such that f'(c) = 0
Now \text{f(x)}=(\text{x}^2+3\text{x})\text{e}^{-\frac{\text{x}}{2}}
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{x})=(2\text{x}+3)\text{e}^{-\frac{\text{x}}{2}}-\frac{1}{2}\text{e}^{-\frac{\text{x}}{2}}(\text{x}^2+3\text{x})
=-\frac{1}{2}\text{e}^{-\frac{\text{x}}{2}}(\text{x}^2+3\text{x}-4\text{x}-6)=-\frac{1}{2}\text{e}^{-\frac{\text{x}}{2}}(\text{x}^2-\text{x}-6)
So, f'(c) = 0
\Rightarrow\ -\frac{1}{2}\text{e}^{-\frac{\text{x}}{2}}(\text{c}+2)(\text{c}-3)=0
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}=-2\in(-3,0)
Therefore, Rolle's theorem has been verified.
Q266. If \text{y}=(\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}+(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\text{x}^\text{cos x},\text{v}=(\cos\text{x})^\text{sin x}

\text{y}=\text{u}+\text{v}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\ \dots(1)
\log\text{u}=\cos \text{x}\log \text{x}
\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos \text{x}}{\text{x}}-\sin\text{x}\log \text{x}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\text{cos x}\Big(\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\text{x}}-\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big)
\log \text{v}=\sin \text{x}\log \cos\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=-\sin\text {x}+\tan\text{x} +\cos\text{x}\ \log \cos \text{x}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=(\cos\text{x})^\text{sin x}(-\sin\text{x}\tan\text{x}+\cos\text{x}\log\cos\text{x})
So,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{ x}^\text{cos x}\Big(\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\text{x}}-\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big)+(\cos\text{x})^{\sin\text{x}}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (-\sin\text{
x}\tan\text{x}+\cos\text{x}\log\cos\text{x})
\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\cos2\text{x}
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\cos2\text{x}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\cos2\text{x}
=\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos2\text{x})+\cos2\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{3\text{x}})
[Using chain rule]
=\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\times(-\sin2\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})+\cos2\text{xe}^{3\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x})
[Using chain rule]
=-2\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\sin2\text{x}+3\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\cos2\text{x}
=\text{e}^{3\text{x}}(3\cos2\text{x}-2\sin2\text{x})
Hence, the solution is, \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\cos2\text{x})=\text{e}^{3\text{x}}(3\cos2\text{x}-2\sin2\text{x})
Q268. If \text{y}=\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sin^{-1}\text{x} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\Big]
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\big)
=\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\sin^{-1}\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}^2)
=\Big[\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}+\sin^{-1}\text{x}\Big]-\frac{2\text{x}}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
=\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}+\sin^{-1}\text{x}-\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
=\sin^{-1}\text{x}
Q269. If \text{x}=\text{a}\Big(\frac{1+\text{t}^2}{1-\text{t}^2}\Big)\text{ and y}=\frac{2\text{t}}{1-\text{t}^2}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\text{a}\Big(\frac{1+\text{t}^{2}}{1-\text{t}^{2}}\Big)

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}\bigg[\frac{(1-\text{t}^{2})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(1+\text{t}^{2})-(1+\text{t}^{2})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(1-\text{t}^{2})}{(1-
\text{t}^{2})}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}\bigg[\frac{(1-\text{t}^{2})(2\text{t)}-(1+\text{t}^{2})(-2\text{t})}{(1-\text{t}^{2})^{2}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}\bigg[\frac{2\text{t}-2\text{t}^{3}+2\text{t}+2\text{t}^{3}}{(1-\text{t}^{2})^{2}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{4\text{a}\text{t}}{(1-\text{t}^{2})^{2}}\ .....(\text{i})
and, \text{y}=\frac{2\text{t}}{1-\text{t}^{2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=2\bigg[\frac{(1-\text{t}^{2})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{t})-\text{t}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(1-\text{t}^{2})}{(1-\text{t}^{2})^{2}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=2\bigg[\frac{(1-\text{t}^{2})(1)-\text{t}(-2\text{t})}{(1-\text{t}^{2})^{2}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=2\bigg[\frac{(1-\text{t}^{2})+2\text{t}^{2}}{(1-\text{t}^{2})^{2}}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{2(1-\text{t}^{2})}{(1-\text{t}^{2})^{2}}\ .....(\text{ii})
\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{2(1+\text{t}^{2})}{(1-\text{t}^{2})^{2}}\times\frac{(1-\text{t}^{2})^{2}}{4\text{a}\text{t}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(1+\text{t}^{2})}{2\text{a}\text{t}}
Q270. Show that the function f defined as follows, is continuous at x = 2, but not differentiable thereat: 4 Marks
f(x) = \begin{matrix} \text{3x - 2}, && 0<x\leq1 \\ \text{ 2x}^{2}-\text{x}, && 1<x\leq2 \\ \text{5x - 4}, && x>2 \end{matrix}.
Ans: \DeclareMathOperator*{\median}{\text{lim}} \median_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{ f(2 - h)}=\DeclareMathOperator*{\median}{\text{lim}} \median_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}[2(2 -

\text{h})^{2}-(2 - \text{h})]=6\ .......\text{(i)}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\median}{\text{lim}} \median_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{ f(2 + h)}=\DeclareMathOperator*{\median}{\text{lim}} \median_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}[5(2 + \text{h})-4
]=6\ ............\text{(ii)}
f(2) = 8 – 2 = 6 ...........(iii)
From (i), (ii), and (iii), f(x) is continuous at x = 2
\text{RHD}=\DeclareMathOperator*{\median}{\text{lim}} \median_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg[\frac{\left\{5{(2+h)-4}-(6)\right\}}{h}\Bigg]\neq\text{LHD}=\DeclareMathOperator*
{\median}{\text{lim}} \median_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg[\frac{\left\{(2h - 3)(h - 2) - 6\right\}}{-h}\Bigg]\text{as 5}\neq7
\therefore f(x) is not differentiable there at.
Q271. If x = a sin 2t (1 + cos 2t) and y = b cos 2t (1 – cos 2t), show that at \text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4},\big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big)=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}} 4 Marks
Ans: \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}= 2a cos 2t (1 + cos 2t) – 2a sin22t

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}= 2b cos 2t sin 2t – 2b sin 2t (1 – cos 2t)
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\Bigg(\frac{\sin2\text{t}\cos2\text{t}-\sin2\text{t}(1-\cos2\text{t})}{\cos2\text{t}(1+\cos2\text{t})-\sin^22\text{t}}\Bigg)
At t = \frac{\pi}{4} sin 2t = 1 and cos 2t = 0
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{at t}=\frac{\pi}{4}\big)=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\Big(\frac{0-1}{0-1}\Big)
\sin(2\sin^{-1}\text{x})
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\sin(2\sin^{-1}\text{x})

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\sin(2\sin^{-1}\text{x})\Big)
=\cos\big(2\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(2\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big)
[Using chain rule]
=\cos\big(2\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big)\times2\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
=\frac{2\cos\big(2\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big)}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\sin\big(2\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big)\Big)=\frac{2\cos\big(2\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big)}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
Q273. \text{If x = a}\sin 2\text{t} (1 + \cos\text{2t) and y = b}\cos\text{2t (1} - \cos \text{2t)}, find the values of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \text{at t} = \frac{\pi}{4} \text{and t} \frac{\pi}{3}. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{Here x = a} \bigg(\sin \text{2t} + \frac{1}{2}\sin \text{4t }\bigg).\text{y = b}(\cos \text{2t} - \cos^{2}\text{2t})
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}} = 2\text{a}[\cos\text{2t}+ \cos\text{4t}], \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}} = \text{2b}[-\sin \text{2t} + 2\cos\text{2t}\sin \text{2t}] = \text{2b}[\sin\text{4t} - \sin\text{2t}]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}} \bigg[\frac{\sin\text{4t}- \sin\text{2t}}{\cos\text{4t} + \cos \text{2t}}\bigg]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg]_{\text{t} = \frac{\pi}{4}} = \frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}
\text{and} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg]_{\text{t} = \frac{\pi}{3}} = \sqrt{3}\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}
Q274. If y = 2 \cos (\log x) + 3 \sin (\log x), Prove that x^{2} \frac{d^{2}y}{dx}^{2} + x\frac{dy}{dx} + y = 0. 4 Marks
Ans: \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{-2\sin(\log \text{x})}{\text{x}} + \frac{3\cos(\log \text{x})}{\text{x}}

\Rightarrow\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = -2\sin(\log\text{x}) + 3 \cos(\log\text{x}), \text{differentiate w.r.t 'x'}
\Rightarrow\text{x}\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} + \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{-2\cos(\log \text{x})}{\text{x}} - \frac{3\sin(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} + \text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = -\text{y} \Rightarrow\text{x}^{2}\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} +
\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} +\text{y} = 0
Q275. If \text{x}=\text{a}\cos\theta,\text{y}=\text{b}\sin\theta Show that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{\text{b}^4}{\text{a}^2\text{y}^3} 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{x}=\text{a}\cos\theta\dots\text{ eq. }1
\text{y}=\text{b}=\sin\theta\dots\text{ eq. }2
To prove: \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{\text{b}^4}{\text{a}^2\text{y}^3}
As \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)
So, let's first find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} using parametric form and defferentiate it again.
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\text{a}\cos\theta=-\text{a}\sin\theta\dots\text{ eq. 3}
Similarly, \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{b}\cos\theta\dots\text{ eq. 4}
\Big[\because\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}=-\sin\text{x}\tan\text{x},\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}=\cos\text{x}\Big]
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=-\frac{\text{b}\cos\theta}{\text{a}\sin\theta}=-\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\cot\theta
Differentiating again w.r.t. x:
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(-\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\cot\theta\Big)
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\text{cosec}^2\theta\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}\dots\text{ eq. 5}
\Big[Using chain rule and \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cot\text{x}=-\text{cosec}^2\text{x}\Big]
From equation 3:
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=-\text{a}\sin\theta
\therefore\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-1}{\text{a}\sin\theta}
Putting the value in equation 5:
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{\text{b}}{a}\text{cosec}^2\theta\frac{1}{\text{a}\sin\theta}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-\text{b}}{\text{a}^2\sin^3\theta}
From equation 1:
\text{y}=\text{b}\sin\theta
\therefore\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-\text{b}}{\frac{\text{a}^2\text{y}^3}{\text{b}^3}}=-\frac{\text{b}^4}{\text{a}^2\text{y}^3}\dots\text{proved.}
\text{y}=\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\sin4\text{x}\times2^\text{x}
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\sin4\text{x}\times2^\text{x}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log\text{e}^{3\text{x}}+\log\sin4\text{x}+\log2^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=3\text{x}\log\text{e}+\log\sin4\text{x}+\text{x}\log2
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=3\text{x}+\log\sin4\text{x}+\text{x}\log2
Differentiating with resepect to x,
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin4\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log2)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3+\frac{1}{\sin4\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin4\text{x})+\log2(1)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3+\frac{1}{\sin4\text{x}}(\cos4\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(4\text{x})+\log2
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3+\cot4\text{x}(4)+\log2
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3+4\cot4\text{x}+\log2
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\big[3+4\cot4\text{x}+\log2\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\sin4\text{x}2^\text{x}\big[3+4\cot4\text{x}+\log2\big]
\cos^{-1}\big\{2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\big\},\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<1
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\Big\}

\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{2\cos\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}\Big\}
=\cos^{-1}\big\{2\cos\theta\sin\theta\big\}
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\big\{\sin2\theta\big\}
\big[\text{Since}, \sin2\theta=2\sin\theta\cos\theta,\sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta=1\big]
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big[\cos\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta\Big)\Big]\ .....(\text{i})
Now,
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\cos\theta<1
\Rightarrow 0<2\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}
\Rightarrow 0>-2\theta>-\frac{\pi}{2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\pi}{2}>\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-2\theta\Big)>0
Hence, from equation (i),
\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{2}-2\theta
\big[\text{Sicne}, \cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in[0,\pi]\big]
\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{2}-2\cos^{-1}\text{x}\ \big[\text{Since x}=\cos\theta\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)-2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\cos^{-1}\text{x}\big)
=0-2\Big(\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
Q278. Find the values of p and q, for which 4 Marks
\text{f(x)} = \begin{matrix} \frac{1- sin^{3}x}{3\cos^{2}x} & , & \text{if x} < \frac{\pi}{2} \\ \text{p} & , & \text{if x} = \frac{\pi}{2} \\ \frac{\text{q}(1 - \sin x)}{(\pi - 2x)^{2}} & , & \text{if x}>
\frac{\pi}{2} \end{matrix}
is continuous at x = \frac{\pi}{2}.
Ans: \text{L.H.S} = \lim\limits_{x\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{2}^{-}} \frac{(1 - \sin\text{x)}(1 + \sin \text{x} + \sin^{2}\text{x})}{3(1 - \sin\text{x)}(1 + \sin\text{x})}
= \frac{1}{2}
\therefore \text{p} = \frac{1}{2}
\text{R.H.S} = \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{2}^{+}} \frac{\text{q}(1 - \sin\text{x)}}{(\pi - 2\text{x)}^{2}} =\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac{\text{q}(1 - \cos\text{h)}}
{(2\text{h})^{2}}, \text{where x -}\frac{\pi}{2} = \text{h}
= \lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow{0}} \frac{2\text{q} \sin^{2}\frac{\text{h}}{2}}{4.4.\frac{\text{h}^{2}}{4}}= \frac{\text{q}}{8}
\therefore \frac{\text{q}}{8} = \frac{1}{2} \Rightarrow \text{q} = 4
Q279. Show that \text{f}(\text{x})=\text{x}^\frac{1}{3} is not differentible at x = 0. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{f}(\text{x})=\text{x}^\frac{1}{3}
(LHL at x = 0) =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x})-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0-\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{0-\text{h}-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x})-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{(-\text{h})^\frac{1}{3}}{-\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{(-1)^\frac{1}{3}\text{h}^\frac{1}{3}}{(-1)-\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}(-1)^\frac{-2}{3}\text{h}^\frac{-2}{3}
= Not defined
(RHL at x = 0) =\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x})-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0+\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{0+\text{h}-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{(\text{h})^\frac{1}{3}-0}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{h}^\frac{-2}{3}
= Not defined
Since,
LHL and RHL does not exists at x = 0
\therefore f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0
\text{x}^{\frac{2}{3}}+\text{y}^{\frac{2}{3}}=\text{a}^{\frac{2}{3}}
Ans: We have, \text{x}^{\frac{2}{3}}+\text{y}^{\frac{2}{3}}=\text{a}^{\frac{2}{3}}

Differentiating it with respect to x, we get,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{x}^{\frac{2}{3}}\Big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{y}^{\frac{2}{3}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{a}^{\frac{2}{3}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3}\big(\text{x}\big)^{\frac{2}{3}-1}+\frac{2}{3}\big(\text{y}\big)^{\frac{2}{3}-1}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3}\big(\text{x}\big)^{\frac{-1}{3}}+\frac{2}{3}\big(\text{y}\big)^{\frac{-1}{3}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3}\big(\text{y}\big)^{\frac{-1}{3}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{2}{3}\big(\text{x}\big)^{\frac{-1}{3}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{2}{3}\big(\text{x}\big)^{\frac{-1}{3}}\times\frac{3}{2\text{y}^{\frac{-1}{3}}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{x}^{\frac{-1}{3}}}{\text{y}^{\frac{-1}{3}}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{x}^{\frac{1}{3}}}{\text{y}^{\frac{1}{3}}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\big)^{\frac{1}{3}}
Q281. \text{If y} = \tan^{-1} \bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}+{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}} - {\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}}\bigg), x^{2}\leq 1, \text{then find} \frac{dy}{dx}. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{Putting x}^{2} = \cos\theta, \text{we get}

\text{y} = \tan^{-1} \bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1 +\cos \theta}+{\sqrt{1-\cos\theta}}}{\sqrt{1 +\cos\theta} - {\sqrt{1- \cos\theta }}}\bigg)
= \tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\cos\theta/2+\sin\theta/2}{\cos\theta/2-{\sin\theta/2}}\bigg)= \tan^{-1} \bigg(\frac{1 + \tan\theta/2}{1 - \tan\theta/2}\bigg)
\text{y} = \frac{\pi}{4} + {\theta}/{2} = \frac{\pi}{4} + \frac{1}{2} \cos^{-1}\text{x}^{2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = -\frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \text{x}^{4}}}. 2\text{x} = -\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1 - \text{x}^{4}}}
Q282. Prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}}{2}\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}+\frac{\text{a}^2}{2}\sin^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big\}=\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2} 4 Marks
Ans: \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}}{2}\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}+\frac{\text{a}^2}{2}\sin^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big\}=\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}
\text{L.H.S}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}}{2}\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}+\frac{\text{a}^2}{2}\sin^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big\}
=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}\Big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{a}^2}{2}\sin^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{2}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}+\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big] \\ +\frac{\text{a}^2}{2}\times\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-
\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big)^2}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)
[Using product rule, chain rule]
=\frac{1}{2}\bigg[\text{x}\times\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2\big)+\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}\Big] \\ +\Big(\frac{\text{a}^2}
{2}\Big)\times\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2}}}\times\Big(\frac{1}{\text{a}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{2}\Big[\frac{\text{x}(-2\text{x})}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}+\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}\Big]+\Big(\frac{\text{a}^2}{2}\Big)\times\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-
\text{x}^2}}\times\Big(\frac{1}{\text{a}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{2}\bigg[\frac{-2\text{x}^2+2\big(\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2\big)}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}\bigg]+\frac{\text{a}^2}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}
=\frac{1}{2}\bigg[\frac{2\big(\text{a}^2-2\text{x}^2\big)}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}\bigg]+\frac{\text{a}^2}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}
=\frac{\text{a}^2-2\text{x}^2}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}+\frac{\text{a}^2}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}
=\frac{\text{a}^2-2\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}
=\frac{2\text{a}^2-2\text{x}^2}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}
=\frac{2\big(\text{a}^2-\text{a}^2\big)}{2\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}
=\frac{(\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2)}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}}
=\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}
=\text{R.H.S}
Q283. If \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\text{x}, find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} in terms of y alone. 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\text{x} [ondifferentiating w.r.t. x]

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2} [again differentiating w.r.t. x]
Now, \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x}^2)^{-1}
=-1(1+\text{x}^2)^{-2}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x}^2)
=-\frac{1}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}\cdot2\text{x}
=\frac{-2\tan\text{y}}{(1+\tan^2\text{y})^2} [\because\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\text{x}\Rightarrow\tan\text{y}=\text{x}]
=\frac{-2\tan\text{y}}{(\sec^2\text{y})^2}
=-2\frac{\sin\text{y}}{\cos\text{y}}\cdot\cos^2\text{y}\cdot\cos^2\text{y}
=-\sin2\text{y}\cdot\cos^2\text{y} [\because\sin2\text{x}=2\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}]
Q284. Differentiate tan-1 \Bigg[\frac{\sqrt{\text{1+x}^{2}-1}}{\text{x}}\Bigg] with respect to x. 4 Marks
Ans: Let x = tan θ

\therefore Given expression becomes y = tan-1 \Bigg(\frac{\sec\theta-1}{\tan\theta}\Bigg)=\tan^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{1-\cos\theta}{\sin\theta}\Bigg)
\therefore\text{y = tan}^{-1}\Bigg(\tan\frac{\theta}{2}\Bigg)=\frac{1}{2}\theta=\frac{1}{2}\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{2(1+x}^{2})}.
Q285. \text{If y = 3} \cos (\log\text{x}) + 4\sin (\log \text{x}), \text{then show that x}^{2} .\frac{\text{d}^{2}{\text{y}}}{\text{dx}^{2}} + \text{y} = 0 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y} = 3\cos(\log\text{x}) + 4\sin (\log\text{x}) \Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = - \frac{3\sin(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}} +\frac{4\cos(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}

\text{x} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = -3\sin (\log\text{x}) + 4\cos(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow \text{x} \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} = - \frac{3\cos(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}} -\frac{4\sin(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow \text{x} \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} + \text{x} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = -[3\cos (\log\text{x}) + 4\sin (\log{\text{x}})] = \text{-y}
\text{or x}^{2} \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} +\text{y = o}
\frac{\text{x}^2+2}{\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\frac{\text{x}^2+2}{\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+2)-(\text{x}^2+2)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sqrt{\cos\text{x}})}{(\sqrt{\cos\text{x}})^2}
=\frac{2\text{x}\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}-(\text{x}^2+2)\Big(-\frac{1}{2}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}}\Big)}{\cos\text{x}}
=\frac{2\text{x}\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}+\frac{(\text{x}^2+2)\sin\text{x}}{2\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}}}{\cos\text{x}}
=\frac{4\text{x}\cos\text{x}+(\text{x}^2+2)\sin\text{x}}{2(\cos\text{x})^\frac{3}{2}}
=\frac{2\text{x}}{\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{(\text{x}^2+2)\sin\text{x}}{(\cos\text{x})^\frac{3}{2}}
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}}\Big\{2\text{x}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{(\text{x}^2+2)\sin\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}\Big\}
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}}\Big\{2\text{x}+\frac{(\text{x}^2+2)\tan\text{x}}{2}\Big\}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+2}{\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}}\Big)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}}\Big\{2\text{x}+\frac{(\text{x}^2+2)\sin\text{x}}{2}\Big\}
Q287. If \text{y}=(\cot^{-1}\text{x})^2, show that 4 Marks
(\text{x}^2+1)^2\frac{\text{d}^\text{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+2\text{x}(\text{x}^2+1)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2.
Ans: \text{y}=(\cot^{-1}\text{x})^2\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\cot^{-1}\text{x}.\Big(\frac{-1}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-2\cot^{-1}\text{x}=-2\sqrt{\text{y}}
Squaring both sides,
we get (1+\text{x}^2)^2.\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=4\text{y}
differentiating, w.r.t. x,
Given,
(1+\text{x}^2)^2\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=4\text{y}
On defferentiation,
2(1+\text{x}^2)^2\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+2(1+\text{x}^2).2\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=4\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)
2\Big[(1+\text{x}^2)^2\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+2\text{x}(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]=4
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+2\text{x}(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2
Q288. If \text{y}=\frac{\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}, prove that (1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}+\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}} 4 Marks
Ans: Givne, \text{y}=\frac{\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)
=\bigg[\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x})-(\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2})}{(\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2})^2}\bigg]
[Using quotient rule, product rule, chain rule]
=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\Big\{\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\sin^{-1}\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big\}-
\big(\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}\big)\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(1-\text{x}^2\big)}{\big(1-\text{x}^2\big)} \end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\Big\{\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}+\sin^{-1}\text{x}\Big\}-\frac{\text{x}\sin{-1}\text{x}(-2\text{x})}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}}{\big(1-
\text{x}^2\big)} \end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{\text{x}+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\frac{\text{x}^2\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}}{\big(1-\text{x}^2\big)} \end{bmatrix}
\Rightarrow\big(1-\text{x}^2\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}+\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\sin^{-1}}{1}+\frac{\text{x}^2\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\big(1-\text{x}^2\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}+\bigg(\frac{(1-\text{x}^2)\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\text{x}^2\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\bigg)
\Rightarrow\big(1-\text{x}^2\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}+\bigg(\frac{\sin^{-1}\text{x}-\text{x}^2\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\text{x}^2\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\bigg)
\Rightarrow\big(1-\text{x}^2\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}+\bigg(\frac{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\bigg)
\Rightarrow(1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}+\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\ \Big\{\text{Since, given y}=\frac{\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big\}
Q289. If \text{x}=\cos\theta,\text{y}=\sin^3 prove that \text{y}\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}^2}\Big)=3\sin^2\theta(5\cos^2\theta-1) 4 Marks
Ans: Here
\text{x}=\cos\theta,\text{y}=\sin^3
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=-\sin\theta\ \text{and}\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=3\sin^2\theta\cos\theta
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{3\sin^2\theta\cos\theta}{-\sin\theta}=-3\sin\theta\cos\theta
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=(-3\cos^2\theta+3\sin^2\theta)\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}\frac{)-3\cos^2\theta+3\sin^2\theta)}{-\sin\theta}
Now,
\text{LHS}=\text{y}\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2
=\sin^3\theta\times\frac{(-3\cos^2\theta+3\sin^2\theta)}{\sin\theta}+(-3\sin\theta\cos\theta)^2
=3\sin^2\theta\cos^2\theta-3\sin^4\theta+9\sin^2\theta\cos^2\theta
=12\sin^2\theta\cos^2\theta-3\sin^4\theta
=3\sin^2\theta(4\cos^2\theta-\sin^2\theta)
=3\sin^2\theta(5\cos^2\theta-1)
=\text{RHS}
Q290. If \cos\text{y}=\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y}), with \cos\text{a}\neq\pm1, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos^2(\text{a}+\text{y})}{\sin\text{a}} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \cos\text{y}=\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})\big\}
\Rightarrow -\sin\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow -\sin\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})+\text{x}\big[-\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})\big]\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\big[\text{x}\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})-\sin\text{y}\big]\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow\Big[\frac{\cos\text{y}}{\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})}\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})-\sin\text{y}\Big]\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos(\text{a}+\text{y}) \\ \Big[\because
\cos\text{y}=\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})\Rightarrow\text{x}=\frac{\cos\text{y}}{\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})}\Big]
\Rightarrow\big[\cos\text{y}\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})-\sin\text{y}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})\big]\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos^2(\text{a}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow \sin(\text{a}+\text{y}-\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos^2(\text{a}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos^2(\text{a}+\text{y})}{\sin\text{a}}
\text{f(x)}=\sqrt{4-\text{x}^2}\text{ in }[-2,2].
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\sqrt{4-\text{x}^2}=(4-\text{x}^2)^{\frac{1}{2}}

1. \text{f(x)}=\sqrt{4-\text{x}^2} is continuous function.
[since every polynomial function is a continuous function]
Hence, f(x) is continuous in [-2, 2]
2. \text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{1}{2}(4-\text{x}^2)^{\frac{-1}{2}}\cdot(-2\text{x})
=-\text{x}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{4-\text{x}^2}}, which exists everywhere except at \text{x}=\pm2.
Hence, f(x) is differentiable in (-2, 2).
3. \text{f}(-2)=\sqrt{(4-4)}=0 and \text{f}(2)=\sqrt{(4-4)}=0
\Rightarrow\ \text{f}(-2)=\text{f}(2)
Conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a real number c such that f'(c) = 0
\Rightarrow\ -\text{c}\frac{1}{\sqrt{4-\text{c}^2}}=0
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}=0\in(-2,2)
Q292. Differentiate \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}-1}{\text{x}}\Big) w.r.t. \tan^{-1}\text{x} when \text{x}\neq0. 4 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\tan^{-1}\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}-1}{\text{x}} and \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\text{x}

\Rightarrow\ \text{u}=\tan^{-1}\frac{\sqrt{1+\tan^2\theta}-1}{\tan\theta}
=\tan^{-1}\frac{\sec\theta-1}{\tan\theta}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\cos\theta}{\sin\theta}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\bigg[\frac{2\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2}}{2\sin\frac{\theta}{2}\cos\frac{\theta}{2}}\bigg] =\tan^{-1}\Big[\tan\frac{\theta}{2}\Big]=\frac{\theta}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}\ \ \dots(\text{i})
and \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan^{-1}\text{x}=\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}\ \ \dots(\text{ii})
\therefore\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{1}{2}
\text{If x}=\sqrt{\text{a}^{\sin^{-1}}\text{t}},\text{y}=\sqrt{\text{a}^{\cos^{-1}}\text{t}},\text{ Show that}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}
Ans: The given equations are \text{x}=\sqrt{\text{a}^{\sin{-1}}\text{t}}\text{ and y}=\sqrt{\text{a}^{\cos^{-1}}\text{t}}

\text{x}=\sqrt{\text{a}^{\sin^{-1}}\text{t}}\text{ and y}=\sqrt{\text{a}^{\cos^{-1}}\text{t}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}=\Big({\text{a}^{\sin^{-1}}\text{t}\Big)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\text{ and y}=\Big({\text{a}^{\cos^{-1}}\text{t}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}=\text{a}^{\frac{1}{2}\sin^{-1}\text{t}}\text{ and y}=\text{a}^{\frac{1}{2}\cos^{-1}\text{t}}
Consider \text{x}=\text{a}^{\frac{1}{2}\sin^{-1}\text{t}}
\log\text{x}=\frac{1}{2}\sin^{-1}\text{t}\log\text{a}
\therefore \frac{1}{\text{x}}.\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{1}{2}\log\text{a}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin^{-1}\text{t})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{x}}{2}\log\text{a}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{t}^2}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{x}\log\text{a}}{2\sqrt{1-\text{t}^2}}
Then, consider \text{a}^{\frac{1}{2}\cos^{-1}\text{t}}
\log\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\cos^{-1}\text{t}\log\text{a}
\therefore \frac{1}{\text{y}}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\log\text{a}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos^{-1}\text{t})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{-\text{y}\log\text{a}}{2}.\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{t}^2}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{-\text{y}\log\text{a}}{2\sqrt{1-\text{t}^2}}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}\Big)}=\frac{\Big(\frac{-\text{y}\log\text{a}}{2\sqrt{1-\text{t}^2}}\Big)}
{\Big(\frac{\text{x}\log\text{a}}{2\sqrt{1-\text{t}^2}}\Big)}=-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}.
Hence, proved.
Q294. Differentiate the following with respect to x: \tan^{-1} \bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x}}{\sqrt{1 + x + \sqrt{ 1 - x}}}\bigg) 4 Marks
Ans: \text{Let x} = \cos 2 \theta , \sqrt{1 + x} = \sqrt{2} \cos\theta, \sqrt{1 - x} = \sqrt{2} \sin\theta
\text{Let y} = \bigg[\frac{\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x}}{\sqrt{1 + x + \sqrt{ 1 - x}}}\bigg] = \tan^{-1} \bigg[\frac{1 - \tan \theta}{1 + \tan \theta}\bigg] = \tan^{-1} \tan \bigg(\frac{\pi}{4} -
\theta\bigg)
= \frac{\pi}{4} - \theta = \frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{1}{2} \cos^{-1} \text{x}
\therefore \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{-1}{2} \bigg(\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}\bigg) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}
Q295. If \text{y}=\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}, prove that 2\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sqrt{\text{x}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}} 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big)
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{x}^{-1\frac{1}{2}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}+\Big(-\frac{1}{2}\times\text{x}^{-\frac{1}{2}-1}\Big)
=\frac{2}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt[\text{x}]{\text{x}}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}-1}{2\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x}}}
\Rightarrow 2\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}
Hence, the solution is, 2\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}
Q296. Find the value of k if f(x) is continuous at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2}, where 4 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{k}\cos\text{x}}{\pi-2\text{x}}, &\text{ x}\neq\frac{\pi}{2}\\3, &\text{ x}=\frac{\pi}{2}\end{cases}
Ans: Since f(x) is continuous at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2}, L.H.Limit = R.H.Limit.

\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \frac{\pi^-}{2}}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \frac{\pi^+}{2}}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \frac{\pi}
{2}}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \frac{\pi^-}{2}}\frac{\text{k}\cos\text{x}}{\pi-2\text{x}}=3
\Rightarrow\text{k}\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\sin\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}\Big)}{2\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}\Big)}=3
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{k}}{2}\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\sin\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}\Big)}{2\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}\Big)}=3
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{k}}{2}=3
\Rightarrow\text{k}=6
Q297. \text{If y}=3\cos(\log \text{x})+4\sin(\log\text{x}),\text{ show that }\text{x}^2\text{y}_2+\text{xy}_1+\text{y}=0 4 Marks
Ans: Given: \text{y}=3\cos(\log\text{x})+4\sin(\log\text{x})\ \dots\text{(i)}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}_1=-3\sin(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}+4\cos(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}_1=-3\sin(\log\text{x})\frac{1}{\text{x}}+4\cos(\log\text{x})\frac{1}{\text{x}} =\frac{1}{\text{x}}[-3\sin(\log\text{x})+4\cos(\log\text{x})]
\Rightarrow\ \text{xy}_1=-3\sin(\log\text{x})+4\cos(\log\text{x})
Now \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy}_1)=-3\cos(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}-4\sin(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}_1)+\text{y}_1\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x} =-3\cos(\log\text{x})\frac{1}{\text{x}}-4\sin(\log\text{x})\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{xy}_2+\text{y}_1=-\frac{[3\cos(\log\text{x})+4\sin(\log\text{x})]}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}(\text{xy}_2+\text{y}_1)=-[3\cos(\log\text{x})+4\sin(\log\text{x})]
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}(\text{xy}_2+\text{y}_1)=-\text{y}\ \ [\text{From eq.(i)}]
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}^2\text{y}_2+\text{xy}_1+\text{y}=0 \ \text{ Hence proved}.
Q298. Differentiate sin (2x + 3) w.r.t. x from first principle. 4 Marks
Ans: y = \sin(2x + 3)
y = \triangle y = \sin (2x +2\triangle x + 3)
\therefore \triangle y \sin (2x + 2\triangle x + 3) -\sin (2x + 3)
= 2\cos (2x + 3 + \triangle x) \sin \triangle x
\therefore \lim\limits_{\triangle x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\triangle y}{\triangle x} = \lim\limits_{\triangle x \rightarrow 0} 2\cos (2x +3 +\triangle x) \lim\limits_{\triangle x\rightarrow 0} \frac
{\sin\triangle x}{\triangle x}
OR
\frac{dy}{dx} = \text2\cos (2x + 3) 1 = 2\cos (2x + 3)
Q299. Find the value of 'a' for which the function f defined as 4 Marks
\begin{matrix} & \text{a sin}\frac{\pi}{2}\text{(x + 1)}, & x\leq0 \\ \text{f(x)} \\ & \frac{\text{tan x - sin x}}{\text{x}^{3}}, & x<0 \\ \end{matrix}
is continuous at X = 0.
Ans: L.H.L = \DeclareMathOperator*{\median}{\text{lim}} \median_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}} f(x) = a

f(0) = a.sin\pi/\text{r} = a
R.H.L. = \DeclareMathOperator*{\median}{\text{lim}} \median_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}} \frac{\text{tan x}}{\text{x}}\cdot\frac{\text{(1 - cos x)}}{\text{x}^{2}}
= \DeclareMathOperator*{\median}{\text{lim}} \median_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\frac{\tan \text{x}}{\text{x}}\cdot2\Bigg(\frac{\sin\text{x/2}}{2\text{x/2}}\Bigg)^{2}=\frac{1}{2}
\therefore\text{a}=\frac{1}{2}
\text{f}(\text{x})=\cos2\Big(\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)\text{ on }\Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
Ans: The given function is \text{f}(\text{x})=\cos2\Big(\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)

=\cos\Big(2\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)=\sin2\text{x}.
Thus, we have to show that there exists \text{c}\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that f'(c) = 0.
We have
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sin2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=2\cos2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=0
\Rightarrow2\cos2\text{x}=0
\Rightarrow\cos2\text{x}=0
Thus, \text{c}=\frac{\pi}{4}\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=0.
Hence, Rolle's theorem is verified .
Q301. \text{if y } = \sqrt{\frac{(x - 3)(x^{2} + 4)}{3x^{2} + 4x + 5}}, \text{find} \frac{dy}{dx} 4 Marks
Ans: y = \sqrt{\frac{(x - 3)(x^{2} + 4)}{3x^{2} + 4x + 5}} \dots\dots\dots \text{(i})

Talking log of both sides of (i), we get
\text{\log y} = \frac{1}{2} \bigg[\log (x - 3) + \log (x^{2} + 4) - \log (3x^{2} + 4x +5)\bigg]
\therefore \frac{1}{y} \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2}\bigg[ \frac{1}{x-3} + \frac{2x}{x^{2} + 4} - \frac{6x + 4}{3x^{2} + 4x + 5}\bigg]
\therefore \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{y}{2}\bigg[ \frac{1}{x-3} + \frac{2x}{x^{2} + 4} - \frac{6x + 4}{3x^{2} + 4x + 5}\bigg]
OR
\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{x - 3)(x ^{2} + 4)}{3x^{2} + 4x +5}} \bigg[ \frac{1}{x - 3} + \frac{2x}{x^{2} + 4} - \frac{6x + 4}{3x^{2} + 4x + 5}\bigg]
Q302. If \text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\text{y}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}}(\text{e}^\text{y}-1)}{\text{e}^{\text{y}} 4 Marks
(\text{e}^{\text{x}}-1)} or \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{e}^{\text{y}-\text{x}}=0
Ans: \text{e}^\text{x}+\text{e}^\text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}
\Rightarrow\text{e}^\text{x}+\text{e}^\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\Big(1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{e}^\text{x}+\text{e}^{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}+\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\text{e}^\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dy}}(\text{e}^\text{y}-\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}})=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}}}{\text{x}^\text{y}-\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}}
=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}(\text{e}^\text{y}-1)}{\text{e}^\text{y}({1-\text{e}}^\text{x})}
=-\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}(\text{e}^\text{y}-1)}{\text{e}^\text{y}(\text{e}^\text{x}-1)}
Q303. Differentiate xx cos x + \frac{\text{x}^{2}+1}{\text{x}^{2}-1} w.r.t.x. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\text{x}^{\text{x cos x}}+\frac{\text{x}^{2}+1}{\text{x}^{2}-1}=\text{u + v}

\text{u}=\text{x}^{\text{x cos x}}\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\text{x cos x}\cdot{\text{log x}}
\therefore\frac{1}{\text{u}}\cdot\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x cos x}}{\text{x}}+\text{cos x}\cdot{\text{log x - sin x log x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{x cos x}}(\text{cos x+cos x log x}\text{ - sin x log x})
\text{v}=\frac{\text{x}^{2}+1}{\text{x}^{2}-1},\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(\text{x}^{2}-1)\text{2x}-\text{(x}^{2}+1)\text{2x}}{\text{(x}^{2}-1)^{2}}=-\frac{\text{4x}}{\text{(x}^{2}-1)^{2}}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{x cos x}}\text{(cos x + log x}\cdot\text{cos x - sin x log x})-\frac{\text{4x}}{(\text{x}^{2}-1)^{2}}
Q304. If \text{y}=(\cot^{-1}\text{x})^2 prove that \text{y}^2(\text{x}^2+1)^2+2\text{x}(\text{x}^2+1)\text{y}_1=2. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=(\cot^{-1}\text{x})^2
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}_1=\frac{-2\cot^{-1}\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}
=\frac{-2\cot^{-1}\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\ (\text{chain rule})
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-2\cot^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}^2+2\text{xy}_1=+2\Big(\frac{+1}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)
(Multiplication rule on LHS)
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)^2\text{y}_2+2\text{x}(1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_1=2
Hence proved
Q305. Discuss the applicability of Rolle’s theorem on the function given by. 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^2+1,&\text{if }0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\3-\text{x},&\text{if }1\leq\text{x}\leq2\end{cases}
Ans: Consider, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^2+1,&\text{if }0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\3-\text{x},&\text{if }1\leq\text{x}\leq2\end{cases}

We know that, polynomial function is everywhere continuous and differentiability.
So, f(x) is continuous and differentiable at all points except possibly at x = 1.
Now, check the differentiability at x = 1,
At x = 1 \text{L.D.H}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{(\text{x}^2+1)-(1+1)}{\text{x}-1} [\because\ \text{f(x)}=\text{x}^2+1,\forall\ 0\leq\text{x}\leq1]
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}-1}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{(\text{x}+1)(\text{x}-1)}{\text{x}-1}
and \text{R.D.H}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{(3-\text{x})\text{f}(1+1)}{(\text{x}-1)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{3-\text{x}-2}{\text{x}-1}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\frac{-(\text{x}-1)}{\text{x}-1}=-1
\therefore L.H.D ≠ R.H.D
Hence, polle’s theorem is not applicable on the interval [0, 2]
Q306. Differentiate \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\cos\text{x}}{1+\sin\text{x}}\Big) with respect to \sec^{-1}\text{x} 4 Marks
Ans: Let, \text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\cos\text{x}}{1+\sin\text{x}}\Big)

\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big[\tan\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\text{x}}{2}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=0-\big(\frac{1}{2}\big)
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{2}\ .....(\text{i})
Let, \text{v}=\sec^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}\ .....\text{(ii)}
Differentiating equation (i) by (ii),
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=-\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}{1}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{-\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}{2}
Q307. If \text{x}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta)\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta) prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{\text{a}}{\text{y}^2}. 4 Marks
Ans: Here
\text{x}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta)\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)
Differentiating w.r.t.\theta, we get
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}+\text{a}\cos\theta\ \text{and}\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=-\text{a}\sin\theta
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{a}\sin\theta}{\text{a}+\text{a}\cos\theta}=\frac{-\sin\theta}{1+\cos\theta}
Differentiating w.r.t.\theta, we get
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\Big\{\frac{(1+\cos\theta)\cos\theta+\sin^2\theta}{(1+\cos\theta)^2}\Big\}\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}
=\frac{-\cos\theta-\cos^2\theta-\sin^2\theta}{(1+\cos\theta)^2}\times\frac{1}{\text{a}+\text{a}\cos\theta}
=\frac{-(1+\cos\theta)}{\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)^3}
=\frac{-1}{\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)^2}
=\frac{-\text{a}}{\text{y}^2}\ [\because\text{y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)]
Hence proved
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{{1}-\text{x}^\text{n}}{1-\text{x}}, & \text{x} \neq1\\\text{n}-1, & \text{ x} = 1\end{cases}\text{ n }\in\ \text{N at x}=1
Ans: We want, to check the continuity at x = 1

\text{LHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^-}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0} \text{f}(1-\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1-(1-\text{h})^\text{n}}{1-(1-\text{h})}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1-\Big[1-\text{nh}+\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}-1)}
{2}\text{h}^2+\dots\Big]}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{n}-\frac{\text{n(n-1)}}{2!}\text{h}+\dots
=\text{n}
\text{RHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^+}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0} \text{f}\text{(1+h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1-(1+\text{h})^\text{n}}{1-(1+\text{h})}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1-\Big[1-\text{nh}+\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}-1)}
{2}\text{h}^2+\dots\Big]}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{n}+\frac{\text{n}(\text{n}-1)}{2!}\text{h}+\dots
=\text{n}
\text{f}(1)=\text{n}-1
Thus, \text{LHL}=\text{RHL}\neq\text{f}( 1)
Hence, funtion is discontinuous at x = 1
This is removable discotinuity.
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{a}\cos\text{x}-\text{b}\sin\text{x}}{\text{b}\cos\text{x}+\text{a}\sin\text{x}}\Big),-\frac{\pi}{2}<\text{x}<\frac{\pi}{2}\text{ and }\frac{\text{a}}
{\text{b}}\tan\text{x}>-1
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{a}\cos\text{x}-\text{b}\sin\text{x}}{\text{b}\cos\text{x}+\text{a}\sin\text{x}}\Big)

=\tan^{-1}\Bigg[\frac{\frac{\text{a}\cos\text{x}}{\text{b}\cos\text{x}}-\frac{\text{b}\sin\text{x}}{\text{b}\cos\text{x}}}{\frac{\text{b}\cos\text{x}}
{\text{b}\cos\text{x}}+\frac{\text{a}\sin\text{x}}{\text{b}\cos\text{x}}}\Bigg]
=\tan^{-1}\Bigg[\frac{\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}-\tan\text{x}}{1+\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}\tan\text{x}}\Bigg]
=\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}-\tan^{-1}\tan\text{x} \bigg[\because\tan^{-1}\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-\text{y}}{1+\text{xy}}\Big)\bigg]
\therefore\ \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}-\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}\Big)-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
=0-1\bigg[\because\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}\Big)=0\bigg]
=-1
Q310. Differentiate \sin^{-1}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2} with respect to \cos^{-1}\text{x}, if 4 Marks
\text{x}\in(0, 1)
Ans: Let \text{u}=\sin^{-1}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}

\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
And, \text{v}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}\ .....(\text{ii})
Now, \text{x}\in(0,1)
\Rightarrow\cos\theta\in(0,1)
\Rightarrow\theta\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)
\text{u}=\theta
\Big[\text{Since},\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta\text{ if }\theta\in\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}\big[\text{Since},\cos\theta=\text{x}\big]
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{iii})
From equation (ii),
\text{v}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}
Differentaiting it with respect to x,
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\times\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{-1}
\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=1
Q311. Prove that the function f defined by \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|+2\text{x}^2},&\text{if x}\neq0\\\text{k},&\text{ if x}=0\end{cases} remains discontinuous at x = 0, 4 Marks
regardless the choice of k.
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|+2\text{x}^2},&\text{if x}\neq0\\\text{k},&\text{ if x}=0\end{cases}

At x = 0, \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|+2\text{x}^2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(0-\text{h})}{|0-\text{h}|+2(0-\text{h})^2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\text{h}}{\text{h}+2\text{h}^2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\text{h}}{\text{h}(1+2\text{h})}=-1
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|+2\text{x}^2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{0+\text{h}}{|0+\text{h}|+2(0+\text{h})^2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}}{\text{h}+2\text{h}^2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}}{\text{h}(1+2\text{h})}=1
And f(0) = k
Since, L.H.L ≠ R.H.L for any value of k.
Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0 regardless the choice of k.
Q312. If f(x), defined by the following, is continuous at x = 0, find the values of a, b and c. 4 Marks
\text{f(x)} = \begin{cases} \frac{\text{sin (a + 1)x + sin x}}{\text{x}},\quad&\text{if x < 0}\\ \text{c}, \quad &\text{if x = 0}\\ \frac{\sqrt{\text{x + bx}^{2}}-\sqrt{\text{x}}}
{\text{bx}^{3/2}},\quad&\text{if x > 0} \end{cases}.
Ans: \text{L.H.L.}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \to 0^{-}}\Bigg(\frac{\sin\text{(a+1)x}}{\text{(a+1)x}}\text{(a+1)}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Bigg)=\text{a+2}

\text{R.H.L.}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \to 0^{+}}\Bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{bx}}-1}{\text{bx}}\Bigg)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \to 0^{+}}\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{bx}}+1}=\frac{1}{2}.
f(0) = c
As f(x) is continuous at x = 0,
\therefore\text{c}=\frac{1}{2},\text{a+2}=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow\text{a}=-3/2, b can take any arbitrary value.
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\cos\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\5,&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}
Ans: When \text{x}\neq0, then

\text{f(x)}=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\cos\text{x}
We know that \sin\text{x} as well as the identity function x both are everwhere continuous.
So, the quotient function \frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}} is continuous at each \text{x}\neq0
Also, \cos\text{x} is everwhere continuous.
Therefore, \text{f(x)}=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\cos\text{x} is continuous at each \text{x}\neq0
Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\cos\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\5,&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}
We have
(\text{LHL at x}=0)=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin(-\text{h})}{-\text{h}}+\cos(-\text{h})\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin(-\text{h})}{-\text{h}}\Big)+\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\cos(-\text{h})=1+1=2
(\text{RHL at x}=0)=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin(\text{h})}{\text{h}}+\cos(\text{h})\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin(\text{h})}{\text{h}}\Big)+\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\cos(\text{h})=1+1=2
Also, f(0)=5
\therefore\ \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}\neq\text{f}(0)
Thus, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
Hence, the only point of discontinuity for f(x) is x = 0
Q314. Show that the function g(x) = x - [x] is discontinuous at all integral points. Here [x] denotes the greatest integer function. 4 Marks
Ans: The given function is g(x) = x - [x]

It is evident that g is defined at all integral points.
Let n be an integer.
Then,
g(n) = n - [n] = n - n = 0
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{n}^-}\text{g(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{n}^-}\big(\text{x}-[\text{x}]\big)=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{n}^-}(\text{x})-
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{n}^-}[\text{x}]\\=\text{n}-(\text{n}-1)=1
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{n}^+}\text{g(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{n}^+}\big(\text{x}-[\text{x}]\big)\\=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{n}^+}(\text{x})-
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{n}^+}[\text{x}]=\text{n}-\text{n}=0
It is observed that the left and right hand limits of f at x = n do not coincide.
Therefore, f is not continuous at x = n
Hence, g is discontinuous at all integral points.
Q315. At what points on the following curves, is the tangent parallel to x-axis? 4 Marks
\text{y}=\text{e}^{1-\text{x}^2}\text{ on }[-1,1]
Ans: Let \text{f}(\text{x})=\text{e}^{1-\text{x}^2}

Since f(x) is a exponential function, which is continuous and differentiable on its domain.
Also,
f(1) = f(-1) = 1
Consequently, there exists at least one point \text{c}\in(-1,1) for which f'(c) = 0.
But \text{f}'(\text{c})=0\Rightarrow2\text{c}\text{e}^ {1-\text{c}^2}=0\Rightarrow\text{c}=0 \Big(\because\ \text{e}^{1-\text{c}^2}\neq0\Big)
\therefore f(c) = f(0) = e
By the geometrical interpretetion of Rolle's theorem, (0, e) is the point on \text{y}=\text{e}^{1-\text{x}^2}where the tangent is parallel to the x-axis.
Q316. If \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{x}}+\sqrt{1-\text{x}}}{2}\Big), then show that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}} 4 Marks
Ans: Put \text{x}\cos2\theta\Rightarrow\theta=\frac{1}{2}\cos^{-1}\text{x}

\cos2\theta=\cos^2\theta-\sin^2\theta
\cos2\theta=2\cos^2\theta-1
\cos2\theta=1-2\sin^2\theta
\therefore\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{2}\cos\theta+\sqrt{2}\sin\theta)}{2}\bigg)
=\sin^{-1}\Big(\sin\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}+0\Big)\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{4}+\theta=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\cos^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}}^2}
Q317. In the following, determine the values of constants involved in the definition so that the given function is continuous: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq3\\\text{ax}+\text{b},&\text{if }3<\text{ x}<5\\9,&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq5\end{cases}
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq3\\\text{ax}+\text{b},&\text{if }3<\text{ x}<5\\9,&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq5\end{cases}

If f(x) is continuous at x = 3 and 5, then
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow3^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow3^+}\text{f(x)} and \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow5^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow5^+}\text{f(x)}
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(3-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(3+\text{h}) and \lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(5-
\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(5+\text{h})
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(2)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big(\text{a}(3+\text{h})+\text{b}\big) and \lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big(\text{a}(5-
\text{h})+\text{b}\big)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(9)
\Rightarrow2=3\text{a}+\text{b} and 5\text{a}+\text{b}=9
Q318. Let \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\sin^3\text{x}}{3\cos^2\text{x}},&\text{if }\text{ x}<\frac{\pi}{2}\\\text{a},&\text{if }\text{ x}=\frac{\pi}{2}\\\frac{\text{b}(1-\sin\text{x})}{(\pi- 4 Marks
2\text{x})}^2,&\text{x}>\frac{\pi}{2}\end{cases} if f(x) is continuous at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2}, find a and b.
Ans: It is given that the function is continuous at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2}

\therefore\ \text{LHL}=\text{RHL}=\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\ ...(\text{i})
Now, \text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)=\text{a}
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\frac{\pi^-}{2}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{h}\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{1-\sin^3\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{h}\Big)}{3\cos^2\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{h}\Big)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{1-\cos^3\text{h}}
{3\sin^2\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{(1-\cos\text{h})(1+\cos^2\text{h}+\cos\text{h})}{3\sin^2\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{2\sin^2\frac{\text{h}}{2}(1+\cos^2\text{h}+\cos\text{h})}{3\sin^2\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{2\Bigg(\frac{\sin\frac{\text{h}}{2}}{\frac{\text{h}}{2}}\Bigg)^2\times\frac{\text{h}^2}{4}\times(1+\cos^2\text{h}+\cos\text{h})}
{3\Big(\frac{\sin\text{h}}{\text{h}}\Big)^2\times\text{ h}^2}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{2\times\frac{1}{4}(1+\cos^2\text{h}+\cos\text{h})}{3}=\frac{1}{2}
\text{RHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\frac{\pi^-}{2}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}+\text{h}\Big)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{b}\Big(1-\sin\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}+\text{h}\Big)\Big)}{\Big(\pi-2\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}+\text{h}\Big)\Big)^2}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow
0}\frac{\text{b}(1-\cos\text{h})}{(\pi-\pi-2\text{h})^2}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{b }\times\ 2\sin^2\frac{\text{h}}{2}}{(2\text{h})^2}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{b}}{2}\Bigg(\frac{\sin\frac{\text{h}}{2}}{\frac{\text{h}}{2}}\Bigg)^2\times\frac{1}{4}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{b}}{8}=\frac{\text{b}}{8}
Thus, using (i) we get,
\text{a}=\frac{1}{2}
And \frac{\text{b}}{8}=\frac{1}{2}
\Rightarrow\text{b}=4
Thus, \text{a}=\frac{1}{2} and \text{b}=4
Q319. Prove that \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}},&\text{x}<0\\\text{x}+1,&\text{x}\geq0\end{cases} is everywhere continuous. 4 Marks

\text{f(x)}=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}
We know that \sin\text{x} as well as the identity function x are everywhere continuous.
So, the quotient function \frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}} is continuous at each x < 0
When x > 0, we have
f(x) = x + 1, which is a polynomial function.
Therefore, f(x) is continuous at each x > 0
Now,
Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}},&\text{x}<0\\\text{x}+1,&\text{x}\geq0\end{cases}
We have,
(\text{LHL at x = 0})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-
\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin(-\text{h})}{-\text{h}}\Big)=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin(\text{h})}{\text{h}}\Big)=1
(\text{RHL at x = 0})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}
(0+\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f(h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{h}+1)=1
Also, \text{f}(0)=0+1=1
\therefore\ \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(0)
Hence, f(x) is everywherefore continuous.
Q320. Differentiate (\log\text{x})^\text{x} with respect to x. 4 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=(\log1+\text{x})^\text{x}

\log\text{u}=\log(\log\text{x})^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\log(\log\text{x})\big\}+\log(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\log\text{x}(1)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big[\frac{\text{x}}{\log\text{x}}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)+\log\log\text{x}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}+\log\log\text{x}\Big]\ .....(\text{i})
Again, let \text{v}=\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\ .....(\text{ii})
Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we get
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{(\log\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}+\log\log\text{x}\Big]}{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{(\log\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\frac{1+\log\text{x}(\log\log\text{x})}{\log\text{x}}\Big]}{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\text{x}(\log\text{x})^{\text{x}{-1}}(1+\log\text{x}\times\log\log\text{x})
Q321. If ex + xy = ex+y, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{e}^{\text{y}-\text{x}}=0 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
ex + ey = ex+y ......(i)
Differentiating both the sides using chain rule,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}})
\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})
\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\Big[1+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
\text{e}^{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}-\text{e}^\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}-\text{e}^\text{x}}{\text{e}^\text{y}-\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}}
=\Big(\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}+\text{e}^\text{x}-\text{e}^\text{x}}{\text{e}^\text{y}-\text{e}^\text{x}-\text{e}^\text{y}}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{e}^{\text{y}-\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{e}^{\text{y}-\text{x}}=0
Q322. Evaluate: 4 Marks
\lim\limits_{X\rightarrow \frac{\pi}{6}} \bigg[ \frac{\sqrt{3}\sin x - \cos x}{x- \frac{\pi}{6}}\bigg]
Ans: \lim\limits_{X\rightarrow \frac{\pi}{6}} \Bigg[ \frac{\sqrt{3}\sin x - \cos x}{x- \frac{\pi}{6}}\Bigg] \lim\limits_{X\rightarrow \frac{\pi}{6}} \Bigg[2\frac{\Big( \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\sin x-\frac{1}
{2}\cos x\Big)}{x-\frac{\pi}{6}}\Bigg]
\lim\limits_{X\rightarrow \frac{\pi}{6}} \Bigg[\frac{2\big(\cos \frac{\pi}{6}.\sin x-\sin\frac{\pi}{6}.\cos x\big)}{x-\frac{\pi}{6}}\Bigg]
2\lim\limits_{X\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{\sin\big(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\big)}{\big(x - \frac{\pi}{6}\big)}
\frac{\text{x}^2(1-\text{x}^2)}{\cos2\text{x}}
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\frac{\text{x}^2+2}{\sqrt{\cos\text{x}}}
Differentiate it with respect to x and applying the chain and product rule, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos2\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}^2(1-\text{x}^2)^3-\text{x}^2(1-\text{x}^2)^3\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos2\text{x}}{\cos^2 2\text{x}}
=\frac{\cos2\text{x}\Big[\text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}^2)^3+(1-\text{x}^2)^3\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}^2-\text{x}^2(1-\text{x}^2)^3(-2\sin2\text{x})\Big]}{\cos^2
2\text{x}}
=\frac{\cos2\text{x}\Big[-6\text{x}^2(1-\text{x}^2)^2+(1-\text{x}^2)^32\text{x}+2\text{x}^2(1-\text{x}^2)^3\sin2\text{x}\Big]}{\cos^2 2\text{x}}
=\frac{2\text{x}(1-\text{x}^2)^2}{\cos2\text{x}}-\frac{6\text{x}^3(1-\text{x}^2)^2}{\cos2\text{x}}+\frac{2\text{x}^2(1-\text{x}^2)^3\sin2\text{x}}{\cos^2 2\text{x}}
=2\text{x}(1-\text{x}^2)\sec2\text{x}\big\{1-4\text{x}^2+\text{x}(1-\text{x}^2)\tan2\text{x}\big\}
Therefore,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{x}(1-\text{x}^2)\sec2\text{x}\big\{1-4\text{x}^2+\text{x}(1-\text{x}^2)\tan2\text{x}\big\}
Q324. If \sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}+\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}=\text{a}(\text{x}-\text{y}),\ |\text{x}|<1,\ |\text{y}|<1, show that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{y}^2}{{1-\text{x}^2}}}. 4 Marks
Ans: \sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}+\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}=\text{a}(\text{x}-\text{y}), put \text{x}=\sin\theta, \text{y}= \sin\phi

\sqrt{1-\sin^2\theta}+\sqrt{1-\sin^2\phi}=\text{a}(\sin\theta-\sin\theta)
\Rightarrow\cos \theta =\cos \phi = \text{a}( \sin\theta -\sin\phi)
\Rightarrow 2\cos \Big(\frac{\theta+\phi}{2}\Big)\cos\Big( \frac{\theta+\phi}{2}\Big)=2\text{a}\cos\Big(\frac{\theta+\phi}{2}\Big)\sin\Big( \frac{\theta-\theta}{2}\Big)
\Rightarrow \tan\Big( \frac{ \theta+\phi}{ 2}\Big)=\frac{1}{\text{a}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\theta-\phi}{2}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{a}}\Big)
\Rightarrow \sin^{-1}\text{x}-\sin ^{-1}\text{ y}=2\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{a}}\Big)
Differentating both sides w.e.r. x
\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\frac{\text {dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{y}}^2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}} or \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sin3\text{x}\text{ on }[0,\pi]
Ans: The given function is \text{f}(\text{x})=\sin3\text{x}

Since \sin3\text{x} everywhere continuous and differentiable,
\sin3\text{x} is continuous on [0,\pi] and differentiable on (0,\pi).
Also,
\text{f}(\pi)=\text{f}(0)=0
Now, we have to show that there exists \text{c}\in(0,\pi) such that f'(c) = 0.
We have
\Rightarrow \text{f}'(\text{x})=3\cos3\text{x}
\Rightarrow3\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{3\pi}{2},....
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{6},\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{5\pi}{6}
Since, \text{c}=\frac{\pi}{4}\in(0,\pi) such that f'(c) = 0
Q326. If \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2\text{x}-3\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{\sqrt{13}}\Big\}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2\text{x}-3\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{\sqrt{13}}\Big\}

Let \text{x}=\cos\theta, \text{So},
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2\cos\theta-3\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}}{\sqrt{13}}\Big\}
=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}\cos\theta-\frac{3}{13}\sin\theta\Big\}
Let \cos\phi=\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}
\Rightarrow\sin\phi=\sqrt{1-\cos^2\phi}
=\sqrt{1-\Big(\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}\Big)^2}
=\sqrt{\frac{13-4}{13}}
=\sqrt{\frac{9}{13}}
\sin\phi=\frac{3}{\sqrt{13}}
So,
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\big\{\cos\phi\cos\theta-\sin\phi\sin\theta\big\}
=\cos^{-1}\big[\cos(\theta+\phi)\big]
\text{y}=\phi+\theta
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\text{x}
\Big[\text{Since, x}=\cos\theta,\cos\phi=\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0+\Big(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)
(x2 + y2)2 = xy
Ans: Given, (x2 + y2)2 = xy

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)^2\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy})
\Rightarrow2(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}\big)
[Using chain rule]
\Rightarrow2(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)\Big(2\text{x}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}(1)
\Rightarrow4\text{x}(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)+4\text{y}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}
\Rightarrow4\text{y}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}-4\text{x}(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big[4\text{y}\text{x}^2+4\text{y}^3-\text{x}\big]=\text{y}-4\text{x}^3-4\text{x}\text{y}^2
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\frac{\text{y}-4\text{x}^3-4\text{x}\text{y}^2}{4\text{y}\text{x}^2+4\text{y}^3-\text{x}}\Big)
Q328. \text{If y} = \sin (\log x) , \text{prove that} 4 Marks
x^{2} \frac{d^{2}y}{dx^{2}} + x \frac{dy}{dx} + y =0
Ans: y = \sin(\log x)
\therefore \frac{dy}{dx} = \cos (\log x) . \frac{1}{x} \Rightarrow x \frac{dy}{dx} = \cos (\log x)
\therefore x \frac{d^{2}y}{dx^{2}} + \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{-1}{x} \sin (\log x) = -\frac{y}{x}
\Rightarrow x^{2} \frac{d^{2}y}{dx^{2}} + x \frac{dy}{dx} + y = 0
Q329. If xy = ex-y, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 4 Marks
Ans: The given function is xy = ex-y

\log(\text{xy})=\log\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}-\text{y}})
\Rightarrow\log\text{x}+\log\text{y}=(\text{x}-\text{y})\log\text{e}
\Rightarrow\log\text{x}=\log\text{y}=(\text{x}-\text{y})\times1
\Rightarrow\log\text{x}=\log\text{y}=\text{x}-\text{y}
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\big(1+\frac{1}{\text{y}}\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1-\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\big(\frac{\text{y}+1}{\text{y}}\big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}(\text{x}-1)}{\text{x}(\text{y}+1)}
\log_\text{x}3
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\log_\text{x}3

\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\frac{\log3}{\log\text{x}}\ \Big[\because\ \log_\text{a}\text{b}=\frac{\log\text{b}}{\log\text{a}}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\log3}{\log\text{x}}\Big)
=\log3\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})^{-1}
=\log3\times\Big[-1(\log\text{x})^{-2}\Big]\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})
[Using chain rule]
=-\frac{\log 3}{(\log\text{x})^2}\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}
=-\Big(\frac{\log 3}{\log\text{x}}\Big)^2\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}\times\frac{1}{\log3}
=-\frac{1}{\text{x}\log3(\log_3\text{x})^2} \Big[\because \frac{\log\text{b}}{\log\text{a}}=\log_\text{a}\text{b}\Big]
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log_\text{x}3)=-\frac{1}{\text{x}\log3(\log_3\text{x})^2}
Q331. If x and y are connected parametrically by the equations given in Exercise without eliminating the parameter, Find0 \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
\text{x}=\text{a}\Big(\cos\text{t}+\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}\Big)\text{y}=\text{a}\sin\text{t}
Ans: The given equations are \text{x}=\text{a}\Big(\cos\text{t}+\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}\Big)\text{ and y}=\text{a}\sin\text{t}

Then, \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}= \text{a}.\Big[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos\text{t})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\log\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}\Big)\Big]
=\text{a}\Bigg[-\sin\text{t}+\frac{1}{\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\tan\frac{\text{t}}{2}\Big)\Bigg]
=\text{a}\Big[-\sin\text{t}+\cot\frac{\text{t}}{2}.\sec^2\frac{\text{t}}{2}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\frac{\text{t}}{2}\Big)\Big]
=\text{a}\Bigg[-\sin\text{t}+\frac{\cos\frac{\text{t}}{2}}{\sin\frac{\text{t}}{2}}\times\frac{1}{\cos^2\frac{\text{t}}{2}}\times\frac{1}{2}\Bigg]
=\text{a}\Bigg[-\sin\text{t}+\frac{1}{2\sin\frac{\text{t}}{2}\cos\frac{\text{t}}{2}}\Bigg]
=\text{a}\Big(-\sin\text{t}+\frac{1}{\sin\text{t}}\Big)
=\text{a}\Big(\frac{-\sin^2\text{t}+1}{\sin\text{t}}\Big)
=\text{a}\frac{\cos^2\text{t}}{\sin\text{t}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin\text{t})=\text{a}\cos\text{t}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}=\frac{\text{a}\cos\text{t}}{\Big(\text{a}\frac{\cos^2\text{t}}
{\sin\text{t}}\Big)}=\frac{\sin\text{t}}{\cos\text{t}}=\tan\text{t}
Q332. Verify mean value theorem for the function: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\sqrt{25-\text{x}^2}\text{ in }[1,5].
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\sqrt{25-\text{x}^2}\text{ in }[1,5]

Since 25 - x2 and square root function are continuous and differentiable in their domain, given function f(x) is also continuous and differentiable.
So, conditions of mean value thecorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists atleast one \text{c}\in(1,5) such that,
\Rightarrow\ \frac{-\text{c}}{\sqrt{25-\text{c}^2}}=\frac{0-\sqrt{24}}{4}
\Rightarrow\ 16\text{c}^2=24(25-\text{c}^2)
\Rightarrow\ 40\text{c}^2=600
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}^2=15
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}=\sqrt{15}\in(1,5)
Hence, mean value theorem has been verified.
Q333. \text{If}\cos\text{y}=\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y}),\ \text{with}\cos\text{a}\neq\pm1,\ \text{prove that}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos^2(\text{a}+\text{y})}{\sin\text{a}} 4 Marks
Ans: It is given that, \cos\text{y}=\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})

\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\cos\text{y}]=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})]
\Rightarrow\ -\sin\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos(\text{a}+\text{y}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})]
\Rightarrow\ -\sin\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})+\text{x}.[-\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})]\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ [\text{x}\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})-\sin\text{y}]\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})\ \dots(1)
Since \cos\text{y}=\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y}),\text{x}=\frac{\cos\text{y}}{\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})}
Then, equation (1) reduces to
\Big[\frac{\cos\text{y}}{\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})}.\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})-\sin\text{y}\Big]\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow\ \ [\cos\text{y}.\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})-\sin\text{y}.\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})].\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos^2(\text{a}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow\ \sin(\text{a}+\text{y}-\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos^2(\text{a}+\text{b})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos^2(\text{a}+\text{b})}{\sin\text{a}}
Hence, proved.
Q334. Find which of the function in Exercises 2 to 10 is continuous or discontinuos at the indicated point: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}}{1+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}},&\text{if x}\neq0\\0,&\text{if x }=\text{a}\end{cases}
at x = 0
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}}{1+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}},&\text{if x}\neq0\\0,&\text{if x }=\text{a}\end{cases} at x = 0.

At x = 0 \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}}{1+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^\frac{1}{0-\text{h}}}{1+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{0-\text{h}}}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{h}}}}{1+\text{e}^{-
\frac{1}{\text{h}}}} =\frac{\text{e}^{-\infty}}{1+\text{e}^{-\infty}}=\frac{0}{1+0}=0
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}}{1+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{\frac{1}{0+\text{h}}}}{1+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{0+\text{h}}}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{h}}}}{1+\text{e}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{1}{\text{e}^{-\frac{1}{\text{h}}}+1} =\frac{1}
{\text{e}^{-\infty}+1}=\frac{1}{0+1}=1
Thus, L.H.L ≠ R.H.L at x = 0.
So, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
Q335. Verify Rolle's Theorem for the following function: 4 Marks
f (x) = (x - 1) (x - 2)^{2}, [1,2]
Ans: f (x) = (x - 1) (x - 2)^{2}, [1,2]

The function f(x) is differentiable on [1, 2] and so it is continuous on [1, 2]
\therefore Al conditions of Rolles Theorem are satisfied
\therefore f' (x) = (x - 1) 2 (x -2) + (x - 2)^{2}
= (x - 2)[2x - 2 + x- 2] = (x - 2) (3x - 4)
\therefore f' (c) = 0 \Rightarrow c = 2 \text{ and}\ {c}\frac{4}{3}
As 1<\frac{4}{3}<2, \text{the Roll's theorem is verfied}
Q336. If \text{y}=(\sin^{-1}\text{x})^2, prove that (1-\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2-\text{xy}_1-2=0 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{y}=(\sin^{-1}\text{x})^2\dots\text{ eq.1}
To prove: (1-\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2-\text{xy}_1-2=0
So, lets first find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^{-1}\text{x})^2
Let \text{t}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{(1-\text{x}^2)}} [using formula for derivative of \sin^{-1}\text{x}]
And y = t2
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{t}\frac{1}{\sqrt{(1-\text{x}^2)}}=2\sin^{-1}\text{x}\frac{1}{\sqrt{(1-\text{x}^2)}}\dots\text{ eq. 2}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2\sin^{-1}\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)+\frac{2}{\sqrt{(1-\text{x}^2)}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{2\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{2(1-\text{x}^2)\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}(-2\text{x})+\frac{2}{(1-\text{x}^2)} \bigg[\text{using }\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\text{x}^\text{n})=\text{nx}^{\text{n}-1}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin^{-1}\text{x}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{(1-\text{x}^2)}}\bigg]
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{2\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{(1-\text{x}^2)\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}+\frac{2}{(1-\text{x}^2)}
(1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2+\frac{2\text{x}\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
Using eq. 2:
(1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\therefore(1-\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2-\text{xy}_1-2=0\dots\text{ proved.}
Q337. If sin y = x sin (a + y), prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{sin}^{2}\text{(a+y)}}{\text{sin a}}. 4 Marks
Ans: sin y = x sin (a + y) \Rightarrow cos y \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = x cos (a + y) \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} + sin (a + y)

\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= \frac{\text{sin (a + y)}}{\text{cos y - x cos (a + y)}}
\text{x} = \frac{\text{sin y}}{\text{sin (a+y)}}\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{sin (a+y)}}{\text{cos y -}\frac{\text{sin y}}{\text{sin (a+y)}}.\text{cos (a+y)}}
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= \frac{\text{sin}^{2}\text{(a+y)}}{\text{sin (a+y) cos y - cos (a + y) sin y}} = \frac{\text{sin}^{2}\text{(a + y)}}{\text{sin a}}.
Q338. Evaluate: 4 Marks
\lim\limits_{\text{y|} \to \infty}\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}^{2}+\text{x + 1}}-\text{x}\Big).
Ans: \lim\limits_{x \to \infty}\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}^{2}+\text{x + 1}}-\text{x}\Big)=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}^{2}+\text{x + 1}}-

\text{x}\Big)\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}^{2}+\text{x + 1}}+\text{x}\Big)}{\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}^{2}+\text{x + 1}}+\text{x}\Big)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\text{x + 1}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^{2}+\text{x + 1}}+\text{x}}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1+\frac{1}{\text{x}}}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}
{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\text{x}^{2}}+1}}
\frac{1}{1+1}=\frac{1}{2}.
Q339. If f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C is such that f(a) = f(b), then write the value of c in Rolle's theorem. 4 Marks
Ans: We have,
f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C
Differentiating the given function with respect to x, we get
f'(x) = 2Ax + B
⇒ f'(c) = 2Ac + B
\therefore f'(c) = 0
⇒ 2Ac + B = 0
\Rightarrow\text{c}=\frac{-\text{b}}{2\text{A}}\ ...1
\because f(a) = f(b)
\therefore Aa2 + Ba + C = Ab2 + bB + C
⇒ Aa2 + Ba = Ab2 + bB
⇒ A(a2 - b2) + B(a - b) = 0
⇒ A(a - b)(a + b) + B(a - b) = 0
⇒ (a - b)[A(a + b) + B] = 0
\Rightarrow\text{a}=\text{b},\text{A}=\frac{-\text{B}}{\text{a}+\text{b}}
\Rightarrow(\text{a}+\text{b})=\frac{-\text{B}}{\text{A}} (\because\ \text{a}\neq\text{b})
From (1) we have,
\text{c}=\frac{\text{a}+\text{b}}{2}
Q340. If \text{y}=3\cos(\log\text{x})+4\sin(\log\text{x}), prove that \text{x}^2\text{y}_2+\text{xy}_1+\text{y}=0 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=3\cos(\log\text{x})+4\sin(\log\text{x}),
\text{y}_1=-3\sin(\log\text{x})\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}+4\cos(\log\text{x})\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}
=\frac{-3\sin(\log\text{x})+4\cos(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}
\text{y}_2=\frac{\Big(\frac{-3\cos(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}-\frac{4\sin(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}\Big)\times \text{ x}-\{-3\sin(\log\text{x})+4\cos(\log\text{x})\}}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\text{y}_2=\frac{-3\cos(\log\text{x})-4\sin(\log\text{x})-\{-3\sin(\log\text{x})+4\cos(\log\text{x})\}}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\text{y}_2=\frac{-3\cos(\log\text{x})-4\sin(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}-\frac{\{-3\sin(\log\text{x})+4\cos(\log\text{x})\}}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\text{y}_2=\frac{-3\cos(\log\text{x})+4\sin(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}-\frac{\{-3\sin(\log\text{x})+4\cos(\log\text{x})\}}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\text{y}_2=\frac{-\text{y}}{\text{x}^2}-\frac{\text{y}_1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2\text{y}_2=-\text{y}-\text{xy}_1
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2\text{y}_2+\text{y}+\text{xy}_1=0
Hence proved
\log(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1})
Ans: Let \text{y}=\log(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1})

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dy}}\log\big(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\big)
=\frac{1}{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{x}+\big(\text{x}^2+1\big)^\frac{1}{2}\Big)
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big[1+\frac{1}{2}\big(\text{x}^2+1\big)^{\frac{1}{2}-1}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2+1\big)\Big]
=\frac{1}{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big[1+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\times2\text{x}\Big]
=\frac{1}{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big[\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}\Big]
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\log\big(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\big)\Big)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}}
Q342. Differentiate the following function w.r.t. x: 4 Marks
X^{\sin x} + (\sin x)^{\cos x}
Ans: \text{Let x}^{\sin x} = \text{u, and} ( \sin \text{x)}^{\cos \text{x}} = \text{v} \therefore \text{y = u + v} \Rightarrow \frac{\text {dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} + \frac{\text{dv}}
{\text{dx}}
\text{Getting} \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} = \text{x}^{\sin{\text{x}}} \bigg[\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}} + \log \text{x} . \cos{\text{x}} \bigg]
\text{and} \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} = ( \sin \text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}[\cos\text{x} .\cot\text{x} - \sin\text{x} \log \sin \text{x}]
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \text{x}^{\sin \text{x}} \bigg[ \frac{\sin \text{x}}{\text{x}} + \log\text{x}.\cos\text{x}\bigg] + (\sin\text{x}) ^{\cos{\text{x}}} [\cos\text{x}. \cot\text{x} -
\sin\text{x} \log\sin\text{x}]
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{a}+\text{bx}}{\text{b}-\text{ax}}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{a}+\text{bx}}{\text{b}-\text{ax}}\Big)

=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{\text{a}+\text{bx}}{\text{b}}}{\frac{\text{b}-\text{ax}}{\text{b}}}\bigg)
=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}+\frac{\text{bx}}{\text{b}}}{\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}-\frac{\text{ax}}{\text{b}}}\bigg)
=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}+\text{x}}{1-\big(\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}\big)\text{x}}\bigg)
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{a}}{\text{b}}\big)+\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0+\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}
\sin^{-1}\big(2\text{x}^2-1\big),0<\text{x}<1
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big\{2\text{x}^2-1\big\}

Let \text{x}=\cos\theta
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big(2\cos^2\theta-1\big)
=\sin^{-1}(\cos2\theta)
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\sin\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-2\theta\Big)\Big\}\ .....(\text{i})
Here, 0<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow\ 0<\cos\theta<1
\Rightarrow\ 0<2\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}
\Rightarrow\ 0> -2\theta>-\pi
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\pi}{2}>\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-2\theta\Big)>-\frac{\pi}{2}
\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{2}-2\theta
\Big[\text{Sicne}, \sin^{-1}(\cos\theta)=\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{2}-2\cos^{-1}\text{x}\ \big[\text{Since x}=\cos\theta\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0-2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\cos^{-1}\text{x}\big)
=-2\Big(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)
y3 - 3xy2 = x3 + 3x2y
Ans: Here, y3 - 3xy2 = x3 + 3x2y

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dy}}(\text{y}^3)-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{xy}^2)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^3)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x}^2\text{y})
\Rightarrow 3\text{y}^2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-3\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{y}^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]=3\text{x}^2+3\Big[\text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(\text{y})+\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2)\Big]
\Rightarrow 3\text{y}^2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-3\Big[\text{x}(2\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2\Big]=3\text{x}^2+3\Big[\text{x}^2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}
(2\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow 3\text{y}^2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-6\text{xy}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-3\text{y}^2+3\text{x}^2+3\text{x}^2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+6\text{xy}
\Rightarrow 3\text{y}^2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-6\text{xy}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-3\text{x}^2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\text{x}^2+6\text{xy}+3\text{y}^2
=3\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}^2-2\text{xy}-\text{x}^2)=3(\text{x}^2+2\text{xy}+\text{y}^2)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{3(\text{x}+\text{y})^2}{3(\text{y}^2-2\text{xy}-\text{x}^2)}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(\text{x}+\text{y})^2}{\text{y}^2-2\text{xy}-\text{x}^2)}
Q346. Differentiate \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1 + \text{x}^{2}}-1}{\text{x}}\Big)with respect to \sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Big), when \text{x}\neq0. 4 Marks
Ans: let x = \tan\theta\ \ \therefore\ \ \theta=\tan^{-1}\text{x}

\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1+\tan^2\theta}-1}{\tan\theta}\Bigg)=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\tan\frac{\theta}{2}\bigg)=\frac{\theta}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\text{v}=\sin^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{2\tan\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta}\Bigg)=\sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)=2\theta={2}\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2(1+\text{x}^2)};\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{1}{2(1+\text{x}^2)}\times\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{2}=\frac{1}{4}
\text{In case, if x}= \cot\theta\text{ answer is}-\frac{1}{4}
Q347. \text{ If }\text{ x } =\cos\text{t} (3-2\cos^2\text{t)}\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\sin\text{t}(3-2\sin\text{ t}),\text{ find the value of}\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \text{ at t}=\frac{\pi}{\text{4}}. 4 Marks
Ans: x = 3 cos t – 2 cos3t \therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-3\sin\text{t}+6\cos^2\text{t}\sin\text{t}

{\text{y}}=3\sin\text{t}-2\sin^3\text{t} \therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-3\cos\text{t}-6\sin^2\text{t}\cos\text{t}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} =\frac{3\cos \text{t}(1-2\sin^2\text{t})}{3\sin\text{t}(-1+2\cos^2\text{t})} = \cot\text{t}
\text{at t}=\frac{\pi}{4},\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1
\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}}

\text{y}=\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)^\frac{1}{2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)^\frac{1}{2}
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}-1}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)^{\frac{-1}{2}}\bigg[\frac{(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}^2)-(1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x}^2)}
{\big(1+\text{x}^2\big)^2}\bigg]
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}\bigg[\frac{(1+\text{x}^2)(-2\text{x})-(1-\text{x}^2)(2\text{x})}{\big(1+\text{x}^2\big)^2}\bigg]
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}\bigg[\frac{-2\text{x}-2\text{x}^3-2\text{x}+2\text{x}^3}{\big(1+\text{x}^2\big)^2}\bigg]
=\frac{1}{2}\frac{-4\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\big(1+\text{x}^2)^\frac{3}{2}}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\bigg(\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}}\bigg)=\frac{-4\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\big(1+\text{x}^2)^\frac{3}{2}}
\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x})-(\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}^2}{\big(\text{x}^2\big)^2}
=\frac{\text{x}^2\Big\{\text{e}^\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^\text{x})\Big\}-\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}\times2\text{x}}
{\text{x}^4}
=\frac{\text{x}^2\Big[\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big]-2\text{xe}^\text{x}\log\text{x}}{\text{x}^4}
=\frac{\frac{\text{x}^2\text{e}^\text{z}(1+\text{x}\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}-2\text{xe}^\text{z}\log\text{x}}{\text{x}^4}
=\frac{\text{xe}^\text{x}[1+\text{x}\log\text{x}-2\log\text{x}]}{\text{x}^4}
=\frac{\text{xe}^\text{x}}{\text{x}^3}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\frac{\text{x}\log\text{x}}{\text{x}}-\frac{2\log\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big]
=\text{e}^\text{x}\text{x}^{-2}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}-\frac{2}{\text{x}}\log\text{x}\Big]
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}\Big]=\text{e}^\text{x}\text{x}^{-2}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}-\frac{2}{\text{x}}\log\text{x}\Big]
\tan^{-1}\bigg[\frac{\text{x}^\frac{1}{3}+\text{a}^{\frac{1}{3}}}{1-(\text{ax})^\frac{1}{3}}\bigg]
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\bigg[\frac{\text{x}^\frac{1}{3}+\text{a}^{\frac{1}{3}}}{1-(\text{ax})^\frac{1}{3}}\bigg]

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\big(\text{x}^\frac{1}{3}\big)+\tan^{-1}\big(\text{a}^\frac{1}{3}\big)
Differentiate it with respect to x usign chain rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+\big(\text{x}^\frac{1}{3}\big)^2}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^\frac{1}{2}\big)+0
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\bigg(\frac{1}{2}\times\text{x}^{\frac{1}{3}-1}\bigg)}{1+\text{x}^\frac{2}{3}}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{3\text{x}^\frac{2}{3}\Big(1+\text{x}^\frac{2}{3}\Big)}
Q351. Write the number of points where f(x) = |x| + |x − 1| is continuous but not differentiable. 4 Marks
Ans: Given:
f(x) = |x| + |x - 1|
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}-\text{x}-(\text{x}-1),&\text{x}<0\\\text{x}-(\text{x}-1),&0\leq\text{x}<1\\\text{x}+(\text{x}-1),&\text{x}\geq1\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}-2\text{x}+1,&\text{x}<0\\1,&0\leq\text{x}<12\\\text{x}-1,&\text{x}\geq1\end{cases}
When x < 0, we have:
f(x) = -2x + 1 which, being a polynomial function is continuous and differentiable.
When 0\leq\text{x}<1, we have:
f(x) = 1 which, being a polynimial function is continuous and differentiable on (0, 1).
When \text{x}\leq1, we have:
f(x) = 2x - 1 which, being a polynimial function is continuous and differentiable on x > 2.
Thus, the possible points of non differentiability of f(x) are 0 and 1.
Now,
(LHL at x = 0)
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}-0}
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\frac{2\text{x}+1-1}{\text{x}-0}\ [\because\text{f(x)}=-2\text{x}+1,\text{x}<0]
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{-2\text{x}}{\text{x}}=-2
(RHL at x = 0)
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(0)\text{x}-0
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1-1}{\text{x}-1}
=0\ [\because\text{f(x)}=1,0\leq\text{x}<1]
Thus, (LHL at x = 1) \neq (RHL at x = 1)
Hence f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.
Therefore, 0, 1 are the points where f(x) is continuous but not differentiable.
Q352. \text{if x} = a \cos\theta + b \sin\theta, y = a\sin\theta - b\cos\theta, \text{show that y} ^{2} \frac{d^{2}y}{dx^{2}}- x \frac{dy}{dx} + y = 0. 4 Marks
Ans: \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta} = - \text{a} \sin\theta + {b} \cos\theta

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta} = \text{a} \cos\theta + {b} \sin\theta
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{a} \cos\theta + {b} \sin\theta}{\text{a} \sin\theta + {b} \cos\theta} = -\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}
\text{or y} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} + \text{x} = 0
\therefore \text{y} \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} + \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} + 1 = 0
\text{Using (i) we get y} \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} - \frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} +1 = 0
\therefore \text{y}^{2} \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} - \text{x} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} + \text{y} = 0
Q353. Show that \text{f(x)}=|\cos\text{x}| is a continuous function. 4 Marks
Ans: If f is a real function on a subset of the real numbers and c be a point in the domain off, then f is
continuous at c is \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(c)}
Step I:
Let \text{g(x)}=|\text{x}|
\text{h(x)}=\cos\text{x}
\text{f(x)}=(\text{goh})(\text{x})
=\text{g}(\text{h(x)})
=\text{g}(\cos\text{x})
={|\cos\text{x}|}
\text{g(x)}=|\text{x}| and \text{h(x)}=\cos\text{x}
Both are continuous for all values of \text{x}\in\text{R}
Step II:
(goh)(x) is also continuous
\text{f(x)}=(\text{goh})(\text{x})
={|\cos\text{x}|}
\text{f(x)}={|\cos\text{x}|} is continuous for all values of \text{x}\in\text{R}
Q354. Find the value of \sin\Big(\cos^{-1}\frac{4}{5}+\tan^{-1}\frac{2}{3}\Big). 4 Marks
Ans: \sin\Big[\cos^{-1}\big(\frac{4}{5}\big)+\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{2}{3}\big)\Big]
=\sin\Big[\cos^{-1}\big(\frac{3}{4}\big)+\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{2}{3}\big)\Big]
=\sin\Bigg[\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{3}{4}+\frac{2}{3}}{1-\frac{3}{4}.\frac{2}{3}}\bigg)\Bigg]=\sin\bigg[\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{17}{6}\Big)\bigg]
=\sin\bigg[\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{17}{\sqrt{325}}\Big)\bigg]=\frac{17}{\sqrt{325}}
Q355. If \text{y}=\text{x}^3\log\text{x}, Prove that \frac{\text{d}^4\text{y}}{\text{dx}^4}=\frac{6}{\text{x}} 4 Marks
Ans: here,
\text{y}=\text{x}^3\log\text{x},
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\text{x}^2\log{x}+\text{x}^3\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}
=3\text{x}^2\log{\text{x}}+\text{x}^2
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=6\text{x}\log\text{x}+3\text{x}^2\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}+2\text{x}
=6\text{x}\log\text{x}+5\text{x}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=6\log\text{x}+6\text{x}\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}+5=6\log\text{x}+11
\text{f(x)}=\frac{1}{4\text{x}-1}\text{ in }[1,4].
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\frac{1}{4\text{x}-1}\text{ in }[1,4]

f(x) is continuous in [1, 4].
Also, at \text{x}=\frac{1}{4}. f(x) is discontinuous.
Hence, f(x) is continuous in [1, 4].
\text{f}'(\text{x})=-\frac{4}{(4\text{x}-1)^2}, which exists in (1, 4).
Since, conditions of mean value theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a real number \text{c}\in[1,4] such that
\Rightarrow\ \frac{-4}{(4\text{c}-1)^2}=\frac{\frac{1}{16-1}-\frac{1}{4-1}}{4-1}=\frac{\frac{1}{15}-\frac{1}{3}}{3}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{-4}{(4\text{c}-1)^2}=\frac{1-5}{45}=\frac{-4}{45}
\Rightarrow\ (4\text{c}-1)^2=45
\Rightarrow\ 4\text{c}-1=\pm3\sqrt{5}
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}=\frac{3\sqrt{5}+1}{4}\in(1,4) [neglecting (-ve) value]
Q357. If \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}\Big),, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}\Big)
Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule and quotinet rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+\big(\frac{1-\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}\big)^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}\Big)
=\frac{(1+\text{x})^2}{(1+\text{x}^2+2\text{x}+1+\text{x}^2-2\text{x})}\bigg[\frac{(1+\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x})-(1-\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x})}
{(1+\text{x})^2}\bigg]
=\frac{(1+\text{x})^2}{2\text{x}^2+2}\Big[\frac{(1+\text{x})(-1)-(1-\text{x})(1)}{(1+\text{x})^2}\Big]
=\frac{(1+\text{x})^2}{2(\text{x}^2+1)}\Big(\frac{-\text{x}-1-1+\text{x}}{(1+\text{x})^2}\Big)
=\frac{(1+\text{x})^2}{2(\text{x}^2+1)}\times\frac{-2}{(1+\text{x})^2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+1}
\text{x}^{\sin\text{x}}+(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^{\sin\text{x}}+(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}

Putting \text{u}=\text{x}^{\sin\text{x}}\text{ and v }(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}},\text{we get }\text{ y}=\text{u}+\text{v}
Now \text{u}=\text{x}^{\sin\text{x}}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{u}=\log\text{x}^{\sin\text{x}}=\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{u}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}) \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\sin\text{x}\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}(\cos\text{x}) \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin\text{x}}
{\text{x}}+\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big) \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}
{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\sin\text{x}}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big) \dots\text{(ii)}
Again \text{v}=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{v}=\log(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}=\cos\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{v}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\cos\text{x}\log(\sin\text{x})] \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log\sin\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}(-\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\cot\text{x}.\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x} \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{v}(\cot\text{x}.\cos\text{x}-
\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}(\cot\text{x}.\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x})\ \dots\text{(iii)}
Putting values from eq. (ii) and (iii) in eq. (i),
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\sin\text{x}}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big)+(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}(\cot\text{x}.\cos\text{x}-
\sin\text{x}\log\sin\text{x})
Q359. If xy2 = 1, prove that 2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^3=0 4 Marks
Ans: We have xy2 = 1 .....(i)

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy}^2)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1)
\Rightarrow\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}^2)+\text{y}^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}(2\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^2(1)=0
\Rightarrow2\text{xy}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{y}^2
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{y}^2}{2\text{xy}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{y}}{2\text{x}}
Put \text{x}=\frac{1}{\text{y}^2} from equation (i)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{y}}{2\Big(\frac{1}{\text{y}^2}\Big)}
\Rightarrow2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{y}^3
\Rightarrow2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^3=0
\text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{6\text{x}}{\pi}-4\sin^{2}\text{x}\text{ on }\Big[0,\frac{\pi}{6}\Big]
Ans: The given function is \text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{6\text{x}}{\pi}-4\sin^{2}\text{x}

Since \sin\text{x}\ \&\ \text{x} are everywhere continuous and differentiable, f(x) is continuous on \Big[0,\frac{\pi}{6}\Big] and differentiable on \Big(0,\frac{\pi}{6}\Big)
Also,
\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{6}\Big)=\text{f}(0)=0
Now, we have to show that there must exist a point \text{c}\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{6}\Big) such that f'(c) = 0.
We have
\text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{6\text{x}}{\pi}-4\sin^{2}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{6}{\pi}-8\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{6}{\pi}-8\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}=0
\Rightarrow\sin2\text{x}=\frac{3}{2\pi}
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\frac{1}{2}\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{3}{2\pi}\Big)
Thus, \text{c}=\frac{1}{2}\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{3}{2\pi}\Big)\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{6}\Big) such that f'(c) = 0.
Q361. Using properties of determinants, find the value of x for which, 4 Marks
\begin{vmatrix}4-\text{x}&4+\text{x}&4+\text{x}\\4+\text{x}&4-\text{ x}&4+ \text{x}\\4+\text{x}&4+\text{x}&4-\text{x}\end{vmatrix}=0.
Ans: \text{R}_1\rightarrow\text{R}_1+\text{R}_2+\text{R}_3
And taking 12 + x common
(12+\text{x})\begin{vmatrix}1&1&1\\4+\text{x}&4-\text{ x}&4+ \text{x}\\4+\text{x}&4+\text{x}&4-\text{x}\end{vmatrix}=0
\text{C}_2\rightarrow\text{C}_2-\text{C}_1,\ \text{C}_3\rightarrow\text{C}_3-\text{C}_1
(12+\text{x})\begin{vmatrix}1&0&0\\4+\text{x}&-2\text{x}&0\\4+\text{x}&0&-2\text{x}\end{vmatrix}=0
4\text{x}^2\ (12+\text{x})\ =0
\text{x}=0 Or \text{x}=-12
\text{x}^{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log\text{x}^{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}
\log\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}\log\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^{-1}\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+(\log\text{x})\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\frac{\log\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\frac{\log\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big]
\frac{2^\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+3)^2}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\frac{\text{2}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+3)^3}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{\text{2}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+3)^3}\Big]
=\bigg[\frac{(\text{x}^2+3)^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2^\text{x}\cos\text{x})-(2^\text{x}\cos\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+3)^2}{\big[(\text{x}^2+3)\big]^2}\bigg]
=\Bigg[\frac{(\text{x}^2+3)^2\Big\{2^\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}+\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}2^\text{x}\Big\}-(2^\text{x}+3)2(\text{x}^2+3)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\text{x}^2+3)}{(\text{x}^2+3)^4}\Bigg]
[Using Product rule and chain rule]
=\bigg[\frac{(\text{x}^2+3)^2\big\{-2^\text{x}\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}2^\text{x}\log_\text{e}2\big\}-2(2^\text{x}\cos\text{x})(\text{x}^2+3)(2\text{x})}{(\text{x}^2+3)^4}\bigg]
=\bigg[\frac{2^\text{x}(\text{x}^2+3)\big\{(\text{x}^2+3)(\cos\text{x}\log_\text{e}2-\sin\text{x})-4\text{x}\cos\text{x}\big\}}{(\text{x}^2+3)^4}\bigg]
=\frac{2^\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+3)^2}\bigg[\cos\text{x}\log_\text{e}2-\sin\text{x}-\frac{4\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+3)}\bigg]
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{2^\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+3)^2}\Big]=\frac{2^\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+3)^2}\bigg[\cos\text{x}\log_\text{e}2-\sin\text{x}-\frac{4\text{x}\cos\text{x}}
{(\text{x}^2+3)}\bigg]
\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}^4\big)^4
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}^4\big)^4

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}^4\big)^4
=4\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}^4\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}^4\big)
[Using chain rule]
=4\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}^4\big)^3\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\big(\text{x}^4\big)^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^4\big)
=4\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}^4\big)^3\frac{4\text{x}^3}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^8}}
=\frac{16\text{x}^3\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}^4\big)^3}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^8}}
Hence, the solution is, \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}^4\big)=\frac{16\text{x}^3\big(\sin^{-1}\text{x}^4\big)^3}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^8}}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^\text{x}-1}{\log(1+2\text{x})}&,\text{ if x}\neq0&\\ \ &&\text{at x}=0\\7&,\text{ if x}=0\end{cases}
Ans: In this problem we need to check continuity at x = 0

Given function is,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^\text{x}-1}{\log(1+2\text{x})}&,\text{ if x}\neq0&\\ \ &&\text{at x}=0\\7&,\text{ if x}=0\end{cases}
\therefore We need to check L.H.L, R.H.L and value of function at x = 0
Idea of logarithmic limit and exponential limit,
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\log(1+\text{x})}{\text{x}}=1\ ...(\text{i})
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}-1}}{\text{x}}=1\ ...(\text{ii})
You must have read such limits. You can verify these by expanding log(1 + x) and ex in its taylor form.
Numerator and denominator conditions also hold for this limit like sandwich theorem.
E.g: \lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\log(1+2\text{x})}{2\text{x}}=1
But, \lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\log(1+2\text{x})}{\text{x}}\neq1 as denominator does not have 2x
Now we are ready to solve the problem.
Given function is,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}-1}{\log(1+2\text{x})}&,\text{ if x}\neq0&\\ \ \ \ \ &&\text{at x}=0\\7&,\text{ if x}=0\end{cases}\ ...(\text{iii})
Clearly,
f(0) = 7 [from equation 2]
\text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(-\text{h}) [putting x = -h in equation iii]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{e}^{-\text{h}}-1}{\log1+2(-\text{h})}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{e}^{-\text{h}}-1}{\log(1-2\text{h})}
Using logarithmic and exponential limit as explained above, we have,
\text{L.H.L}=\frac{1}{2}\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\frac{(\text{e}^{-\text{h}}-1)}{-\text{h}}}{\frac{\log(1-2\text{h})}{-2\text{h}}}=\frac{1}{2}
\text{RHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f(h)} [putting x = h in equation iii]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{e}^{\text{h}}-1}{\log1+2\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{e}^{\text{h}}-1}{\log(1+2\text{h})}
Using logarithmic and exponential limit as explained above, we have,
\text{R.H.L}=\frac{1}{2}\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\frac{(\text{e}^\text{h}-1)}{\text{h}}}{\frac{\log(1+2\text{h})}{2\text{h}}}=\frac{1}{2}
Thus, \text{L.H.L}=\text{R.H.L}\neq\text{f(0)}
\therefore\ \text{f(x)} is discontinuous at x = 0
\text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{\text{x}}{2}-\sin\frac{\pi\text{x}}{6}\text{ on }[-1,0]
Ans: The given function is \text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{\text{x}}{2}-\sin\frac{\pi\text{x}}{6}

Since \sin\text{x}\ \&\ \frac{\text{x}}{2} are everywhere continuous and differentiable, f(x) is continuous on [-1, 0] and differentiable on (-1, 0).
Also,
f(-1) - f(0) = 0
Now, we have to show that there must exist a point \text{c}\in(-1,0) such that f'(c) = 0.
We have
\text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{\text{x}}{2}-\sin\frac{\pi\text{x}}{6}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\pi}{6}\cos\frac{\pi\text{x}}{6}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\text{x}}{6}\cos\frac{\pi\text{x}}{6}=0
\Rightarrow\cos\frac{\pi\text{x}}{6}=\frac{3}{\pi}
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\frac{-6}{\pi}\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{3}{\pi}\Big)
Thus, \text{c}=\frac{-6}{\pi}\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{3}{\pi}\Big)\in(-1,0) such that f'(c) = 0.
Q367. If \text{y}=(\tan\text{x})^{(\tan\text{x})^{(\tan\text{x})^{....\infty}}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{ at x}=\frac{\pi}{4} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=(\tan\text{x})^{(\tan\text{x})^{(\tan\text{x})^{....\infty}}}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=(\tan\text{x})^{\text{y}}
\log\text{y}=\log(\tan\text{x})^\text{y}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\text{y}\log\tan\text{x}
Differentaiting with respect to x using chain rule,
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\log\tan\text{x}\big\}+\log\tan\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\tan\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})+\log\tan\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{y}}-\log\tan\text{x}\Big)=\frac{\text{y}}{\tan\text{y}}\sec^2\text{x}
Now, \Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)_{\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{\text{y}\sec^3\big(\frac{\pi}{4}\big)}{\tan\big(\frac{\pi}{4}\big)}\times\frac{\text{y}}{1-\text{y}\log\tan\big(\frac{\pi}
{4}\big)}
\Rightarrow\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)_{\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{\text{y}^2\big(\sqrt{2}\big)^2}{1(1-\text{y}\log\tan1)}
\Rightarrow \Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)_{\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{2(1)^2}{(1-0)}\Bigg[\because(\text{y})_{\frac{\pi}{4}}=\big(\tan\frac{\pi}{4}\big)^{\big(\tan\frac{\pi}
{4}\big)^{\big(\tan\frac{\pi}{4}\big)^{\ .....\infty}}}=1\Bigg]
\Rightarrow \Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)_{\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{4}}=2
Q368. Show that the derivative of the function f given by f(x) = 2x3 - 9x2 + 12x + 9, at x = 1 and x = 2 are equal. 4 Marks
Ans: Given: f(x) = 2x3 - 9x2 + 12x + 9

Clearly, being a polynomial function, is differentiable everywhere. Therefore the derivative of f at x is given by:
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})-\text{f(x)}}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2(\text{x}+\text{h})^3-9(\text{x}+\text{h})^2+12(\text{x}+\text{h})+9-2\text{x}^3+9\text{x}^2-12\text{x}-9}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{x}^3+2\text{h}^3+6\text{x}^2\text{h}+6\text{xh}^2-9\text{x}^2-9\text{h}^2-
18\text{xh}+12\text{x}+12\text{h}+9-2\text{x}^3+9\text{x}^2-12\text{x}-9}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{h}^3+6\text{x}^2\text{h}+6\text{xh}^2-9\text{h}^2-18\text{xh}+12\text{h}}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}(\text{h}^2+6\text{x}^2+6\text{xh}-9\text{h}-18\text{x}+12)}{\text{h}}
=6\text{x}^2-18\text{x}+12
So,
\text{f}'(1)=6(\text{x}^2-3\text{x}+2)
=6\times(1-3+2)
=0
\text{f}'(2)=6(\text{x}^2-3\text{x}+2)
=6\times(4-6+2)
=0
Hence, the derivative at x = 1 and x = 2 are equal.
\text{x}^\text{x}+\text{x}^\text{a}+\text{a}^\text{x}+\text{a}^\text{a}, for some fixed a > 0 and x > 0
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^\text{x}+\text{x}^\text{a}+\text{a}^\text{x}+\text{a}^\text{a}

Also, let xx = u, xa = v, ax = w, and aa = s
\therefore\ y = u + v + w + s
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{ds}}{\text{dx}}
U = xx
\Rightarrow\ \log\text{u}=\log\text{x}^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \log\text{u}=\text{x}\log\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\log\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x)}+\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big[\log\text{x}.1+\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big]
V = xa
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^\text{a})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{ax}^{\text{a}-1}\ \dots(3)
W = ax
\Rightarrow\ \log\text{w}=\log\text{a}^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \log\text{w}=\text{x}\log\text{a}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}=\text{w}\log\text{a}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}=\text{a}^\text{x}\log\text{a}\ \dots(4)
S = aa
Since a is constant, aa is also a constant.
\therefore\ \frac{\text{ds}}{\text{dx}}=0\ \dots(5)
From (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5), we obtain
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})+\text{ax}^{\text{a}-1}+\text{a}^\text{x}\log\text{a}+0
Q370. Discuss the continuity of \text{f(x)}=\sin|\text{x}| 4 Marks
Ans: Let \text{f(x)}=\sin|\text{x}|
This function f is defined for every real number and f can be written as the composition of two functions as,
f = goh, where g(x) = |x| and \text{h(x)}=\sin\text{x}
\big[\because (\text{goh})(\text{x})=\text{g(h(x))}=\text{g}(\sin\text{x})=|\sin\text{x}|=\text{f(x)}]\Big]
It has to be proved first that g(x) = |x| and \text{h(x)}=\sin\text{x} are continuous functions.
g(x) = |x| can be written as
\text{g(x)}=\begin{cases}-\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}<0\\\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq0\end{cases}
Clearly, g is defined for all real numbers.
Let c be real number.
Case I:
If c < 0, then g(c) = -c and \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{g(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}(-\text{x})=-\text{c}
\therefore\ \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{g(x)}=\text{g(c)}
Therefore, g is continuous at all points x, such that x < 0
Case II:
If c > 0, then g(c) = c and \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{g(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}(\text{x})=\text{c}
Therefore, g is continuous at all points x, such that x > 0
Case III:
If c = 0, then g(c) = g(0) = 0
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{g(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{g}(-\text{x})=0
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{g(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{g(x)}=0
\therefore\ \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{g(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{g(x)}=\text{g}(0)
Therefore, g is continuous at x = 0
From the above three observations, it can be concluded that g is continuous at all points.
\text{h(x)}=\sin\text{x}
It is evident that \text{h(x)}=\sin\text{x} is defined for every real number.
Let c be a real number. Put x = c + k
If x → c, then k → 0
\text{h(c)}=\sin\text{c}
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{h(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\sin\text{x}
=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\sin(\text{c}+\text{k})
=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\big[\sin\text{c}\cos\text{k}+\cos\text{c}\sin\text{k}\big]
=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}(\sin\text{c}\cos\text{k})+\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}(\cos\text{c}\sin\text{k})
=\sin\text{c}\cos0+\cos\text{c}\sin0
=\sin\text{c}+0
=\sin\text{c}
\therefore\ \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{h(x)}=\text{g(c)}
It is know that for real valued functions g and h, such that (goh) is defind at c, if g is continuse at c and if f is continuous at g(c), then (fog) is continuous at c.
Therefore, \text{f(x)}=(\text{goh})(\text{x})=\text{g(h(x))}=\text{g}(\sin\text{x})=|\sin\text{x}| is a continuous function.
Q371. Differentiate the function (\sin x)^{x} + \sin^{-1} \sqrt{x} with respect to x. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y} = (\sin \text{x})^{\text{x}} + \sin^{-1} \sqrt{\text{x}}

\text{y = u + v} \Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} + \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}
\text{u} = (\sin \text{x})^{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow \log \text{u = x } \log \sin \text{x}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} = (\sin \text{x})^{\text{x}} [\text{x} \cot \text{x} + \log \sin \text{x}]
\text{v} = \sin^{-1} \sqrt{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x - x}^{2}}}
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = (\sin \text{x})^{\text{x}} [\text{x} \cot \text{x} + \log \sin \text{x}] + \frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x - x}^{2}}}
Q372. Find which of the function: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{2\text{x}^2-3\text{x}-2}{\text{x}-2},&\text{if x}\neq2\\5,&\text{if x}=2\end{cases}
at x = 2
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{2\text{x}^2-3\text{x}-2}{\text{x}-2},&\text{if x}\neq2\\5,&\text{if x}=2\end{cases} at x = 2.

At x = 2, \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\frac{2\text{x}^2-3\text{x}-2}{\text{x}-2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2(2-\text{h})^2-3(2-\text{h})-2}{(2-\text{h})-2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{8+2\text{h}^2-8\text{h}-6+3\text{h}-2}{-\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{h}^2-5\text{h}}{-\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}(2\text{h}-5)}{-\text{h}}=5
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow2^+}\frac{2\text{x}^2-3\text{x}-2}{\text{x}-2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2(2+\text{h})^2-3(2+\text{h})-2}{(2+\text{h})-2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{8+2\text{h}^2+8\text{h}-6-3\text{h}-2}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{h}^2+5\text{h}}{\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}(2\text{h}+5)}{\text{h}}=5
and f(2) = 5
So, f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
Q373. If \text{y}=\sin(\sin\text{x}) prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\tan\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\cos^2\text{x}=0 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{y} = \sin (\sin \text{x})\dots\text{ eq. } 1
To prove: \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\tan\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\cos^2\text{x}=0
So, lets first find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin(\sin\text{x})
Using chain rule, we will differentiate the above expression:
Let \text{t}=\sin\text{x}\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dy}}\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{t}\cos\text{x}=\cos(\sin\text{x})\cos\text{x}\dots\text{ eq. 2}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos(\sin\text{x})+\cos(\sin\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}
Using chain rule again in the next step:
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\cos\text{x}\cos\text{x}\sin(\sin\text{x})-\sin\text{x}\cos(\sin\text{x})
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\text{y}\cos^2\text{x}-\tan\text{x}\cos\text{x}\cos(\sin\text{x})
[using eq. 1: \text{y} = \sin (\sin \text{x})]
And using eq. 2, we have:
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\text{y}\cos^2\text{x}-\tan\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\text{y}\cos^2\text{x}+\tan\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0\dots\text{ proved.}
\sin^{-1}\big\{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\big\},0<\text{x}<1
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big\{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\big\}

\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big\{\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}\big\}
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
Here, 0<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow\ 0<\cos2\theta<1
From equation (i),
\text{y}=\theta
\Big[\text{Since, } \sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta\text{ if }\theta \in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}\ \big[\text{Since x}=\cos\theta\big]
Q375. If \text{y}=\Big[\log\Big(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}\Big)\Big]^2 show that (1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2 4 Marks
Ans: Given:
\text{y}=\Big[\log\Big(\text{x}+\sqrt{1+\text{x}}\Big)\Big]^2
Differentiating w.r.t. x,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}\big[\log\big(\text{x}+\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}\big)\big]^2}{\text{dx}}
Using formula (ii),
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\log\big(\text{x}+\sqrt{1+\text{x}}\big).\frac{1}{(\text{x}+\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2})}.\Big(1+\frac{2\text{x}}{2\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}\Big)
Using formula (i),
\Rightarrow\text{y}_1=\frac{2\log(\text{x}+\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}{\text{x}+\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}.\frac{\text{x}+\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}{\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}_1=\frac{2\log(\text{x}\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2})}{\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}
Squaring both sides:
\text{(y}_1)^2=\frac{4}{1+\text{x}^2}[\log\big(\text{x}\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}\big)
Differentiating w.r.t. x,
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2\text{y}_1+2\text{x}(\text{y}_1)^2=4\text{y}_1
Using formual (iii),
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2+\text{xy}_1=2
Hence proved.
\text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\text{x}^3 - 3,\ \ \text{if x}\leq 2 \\\text{x}^2 + 1,\ \text{if x}>2\end{cases}
Ans: Here \text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\text{x}^3 - 3,\ \ \text{if x}\leq 2 \\\text{x}^2 + 1,\ \text{if x}>2\end{cases}
Three cases arise:
Case I: c < 2
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x}^2 - 3) = \text{c}^3 - 3
Also f(c) = c3 - 3
Case II: c > 2
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x}^{2} + 1) = \text{c}^{2} + 1
Also f(c) = c2 + 1
Case III: c = 2
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}^{-}}\text{(x}^3 - 3) = 8 - 3 = 5
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}^{+}}\text{(x}^2 + 1) = 4 + 1 = 5
Also f(2) = (2)3 - 3 = 8 - 3 = 5
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(2)}
\therefore f is continuous at x = 2.
f(x) = x3 - 5x2 - 3x on [1, 3]
Ans: We have,
f(x) = x3 - 5x2 - 3x
Since, polynomial function is everywhere continuous and differentiable.
Therefore, f(x) is continuous on 1, 3 and differentiable on 1, 3
Thus, both the conditions of Lagrange's theorem is satisfied.
Concequently, there exist some \text{c}\in1,3 such that
Now, f(x) = x3 - 5x2 - 3x
f'(x) = 3x2 - 10x - 3
⇒ f(3) = -27
⇒ f(1) = -7
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{\text{f}(3)-\text{f}(1)}{2}
\Rightarrow3\text{x}^2-10\text{x}-3=\frac{-20}{2}
\Rightarrow3\text{x}^2-10\text{x}+7=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}=1,\frac{7}{3}
\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}+\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2-1}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}+\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2-1}

Also, let \text{u}=\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}\text{ and v}=\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2-1}
\therefore\ \text{y}=\text{u}+\text{v}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\ .....(\text{i})
\text{u}=\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \log\text{u}=\log(\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}})
\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\text{x}\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}
Diffrerentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}).\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}+\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\cos\text{x}).\log\text{x}+\text{x}\cos\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big[1.\cos\text{x}.\log\text{x}+\text{x}.(-\sin\text{x})\log\text{x}+\text{x}\cos\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}(\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}-\text{x}\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}+\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}\big[\cos\text{x}(1+\cos\text{x})-\text{x}\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}\big]\ .....(\text{ii})
\text{v}=\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2-1}
\Rightarrow\log\text{v}=\log(\text{x}^2+1)-\log(\text{x}^2-1)
\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\text{x}}{\text{x}^2+1}-\frac{2\text{x}}{\text{x}^2-1}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{v}\Big[\frac{2\text{x}(\text{x}^2-1)-2\text{x}(\text{x}^2+1)}{(\text{x}^2+1)(\text{x}^2-1)}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2-1}\times\Big[\frac{-4\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+1)(\text{x}^2-1)}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2-1)^2}\ .....(\text{iii})
From (1), (2) and (3), we obtain
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}\big[\cos\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})-\text{x}\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}\big]-\frac{4\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2-1)^2}
Q379. Differentiate x^{sin x} + (\sin x)^{\cos x} with respect to x. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{let y = u + v, u = x}^{\sin\text{x}}, \text{v }={(\sin \text{x})}^{\cos \text{x}}

\log \text{u} = \sin \text{x}\log \text{x}\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} = \text{x}^{\sin \text{x}}.\left\{\cos\text{x}\log\text{x} + \frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}\right\}
\log \text{v} = \cos \text{x}.\log(\sin \text{x})\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} = (\sin\text{x})^{\cos \text{x}}. \left\{\cos \text{x}. \cot\text{x} - \sin\text{x}. \log(\sin \text{x})\right\}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} + \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} = \text{x}^{\sin \text{x}}.\left\{ \cos\text{x}.\log\text{x} + \frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}} +
(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}\right\}\left\{\cos \text{x}.\cot \text{x} - \sin\text{x}. \log (\sin \text{x})\right\}
(\log\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\log\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=(\log\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\cos\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\log\text{x})+\log(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log(\log\text{x})\times(-\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\log\text{x}}\times\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)-\sin\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}-\sin\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x}^{\cos\text{x}})\Big[\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}-\sin\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})\Big]
Q381. If \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}-1},& \text{for }\text{ x}\neq1 \\2,&\text{for }\text{ x}=1\end{cases} Find whether f (x) is continuous at x = 1. 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}-1},\text{ if}\text{ x}\neq1
\text{f}\text{(x)}=2,\text{ if}\text{ x}=1
We observe
\text{(LHL at x = 1)}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^-}\text{f}\text{ (x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}(1-\text{h})
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}(1-\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(1-\text{h})^2-1}{(1-\text{h})^2-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1-\text{h}^2-2\text{h}-1}{1-\text{h}-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{h}^2-2\text{h}}{-\text{h}}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}2-\text{h}
=2
(\text{RHL at x}=1)
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}(1+\text{h)}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}(1-\text{h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(1+\text{h})^2-1}{(1+\text{h})-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1+\text{h}^2+2\text{h}-1}{1+\text{h}-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{h}^2+2\text{h}}{\text{h}}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{h}+2
=2
Also f(x) = 2
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{f}(1)
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
\text{f}(\text{x})=4^{\sin\text{x}}\text{ on }[0,\pi]
Ans: Here,
\text{f}(\text{x})=4^{\sin\text{x}}\text{ on }[0,\pi]
We know that exponential and \sin\text{x} both are continuous and differentiable, so f(x) is continuous is [0,\pi] and differentiable is (0,\pi).
Now,
\text{f}(0)=4^{\sin0}=4^0=1
\text{f}(\pi)=4^{\sin\pi}=4^0=1
So, Rolle's theorem is applicable, there must exist a point \text{c}\in(0,\pi) such that f'(c) = 0.
Now,
\text{f}(\text{x})=4^{\sin\text{x}}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=4^{\sin\text{x}}\log4\times\cos\text{x}
Now,
4^{\sin\text{c}}\times\cos\times\text{c}\log4=0
\Rightarrow\cos\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow\text{c}=\frac{\pi}{2}\in(0,\pi)
Q383. Find the values of a so that the function 4 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{ax}+5, &\text{if}\text{ x}\leq2\\\text{x}-1, &\text{if}\text{ x}>2\end{cases} is continuous at x = 2.
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{ax}+5, &\text{if}\text{ x}\leq2\\\text{x}-1, &\text{if}\text{ x}>2\end{cases}
We observe
\text{(LHL at x}=2)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 2^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(2-\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{a}(2-\text{h)}+5=2\text{a}+5
\text{(RHL at x}=2)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 2^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(2+\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}(2+\text{h}-1)=1
And, \text{f}(2)=\text{a}(2)+5=2\text{a}+5
Since f(x) is continuous at x = 2, we have
=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 2^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 2^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{f}(2)
\Rightarrow2\text{a}+5=1
\Rightarrow2\text{a}=-4
\Rightarrow\text{a}=-2
Q384. Find all points of discontinuity of f, where 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}},\text{if x}<0\\ \text{x}+ 1, \text{if} \text{x}\geq0\end{cases}
Ans: It is given that \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}},\text{if x}<0\\ \text{x}+ 1, \text{if} \text{x}\geq0\end{cases}

We know that f is defined at all point of the real line.
Case I: k < 0,
Then \text{f(k)} = \frac{\sin\text{k}}{\text{k}}
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}\big) = \frac{\sin \text{k}}{\text{k}}
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(k)}
Thus, f is continuous at all points x that is x < 0.
Case II: k > 0
Then f(k) = c + 1
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}(\text{x} + 1) = {\text{k}+ 1}
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} =\text{f(k)}
Thus, fi s continous at all points x that is x > 0.
Case III: k = 0
THen f(k) = f(0) = 0 + 1 = 1
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}\big) = 1
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}(\text{x} + 1) = 1
\Rightarrow ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(x)}
Hence , f is continuous at x = 0.
Therefore, f is continuous at all points of the real line.
\text f(\text x)=\begin{cases}\left|\text x\right|+3, \text{if x}\leq-3\\-2 \text{x},\text{if}-3 < \text x > 3\\6\text{x}+2,\text{if}\ \text{x}\geq3\end{cases}
Ans: Here \text f(\text x)=\begin{cases}\left|\text x\right|+3, \text{if x}\leq-3\\-2 \text{x},\text{if}-3 < \text x > 3\\6\text{x}+2,\text{if}\ \text{x}\geq3\end{cases}
Function f is defined for all points of thr real line.
Five cases arise:
Case I: c < -3
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(|\text{x}|+ 3) = |\text{c}| + 3
Also f(c) = |c| + 3
\therefore f is continuous at all point x < -3.
Case II: c = -3
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}{-}}(|\text{x}|+ 3) = |-3| + 3 = 3 +3 =6
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}{ +}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}{ +}}\text{(-2x)} = 6
Also f(c) = f(-3) = |-3|+3 = 3 + 3 = 6
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{+}}\text{f(x)} =\text{f(c)}= 6
\therefore f is continuous at x= -3
Case III: -3 < c < 3
f(x) = -2 x is a continuous function as it is a polynomial.
Case IV: c = 3
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{-}}\text{(-2x)} = -6
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{+}}\text{(6x + 2)} = 18 + 2 = 20
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{-}}\text{f(x)}\neq ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
Case V: c > 3
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{(6x+2)}= \text{6c}+ 2
Also f(c) = 6c +2
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\ \text{f(x)} = \text{f(c)}
Q386. The function f(x) is befined as follows: \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^2+\text{ax}+\text{b},&0\leq\text{x} 4 Marks
<2\\3\text{x}+2,&2\leq\text{x}\leq4\\2\text{ax}+5\text{b},&4<\text{x}\leq8\end{cases} if is continuous on [0, 8] find the value of a and b.
Ans: It is given that the f(x) is continuous on [0, 8]

f(x) is continuous at x = 2 and x = 4
Now, At x = 2
LHL = RHL = f(2) ....(A)
f(2) = 3 × 2 + 2 = 8 ....(i)
\text{LHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(2-\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(2-\text{h}^2)+\text{a}(2-
\text{h})+\text{b}=4+2\text{a}+\text{b}
From (A)
4 + 2a + b = 8
2a + b = 4 ....(B)
Now, At x = 4
LHL = RHL = f(4) ....(C)
f(4) = 3 × 4 + 2 = 14 ....(ii)
\text{RHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(4+\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}2\text{a}
(4+\text{h})+5\text{b}=8\text{a}+5\text{b}
From (c) we get
8a + 5b = 14 ....(D)
Solving (B) and (D) we get
a = 3 and b = -2
Q387. Discuss the applicability of Lagrange's mean value theorem for the function: 4 Marks
f(x) = |x| on [−1, 1]
Ans: Here,
f(x) = |x| on [−1, 1]
\text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}-\text{x},&\text{x}<0\\\text{x},&\text{x}\geq0\end{cases}
For differentiability at x = 0
\text{LHD}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{\text{f}(0-\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{-\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-(0-\text{h})-0}{-\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}}{-\text{h}}
\text{LHD}=-1
\text{RHD}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{\text{f}(0+\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(0+\text{h})-0}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}}{\text{h}}
=1
\text{LHD}\neq\text{RHD}
⇒ f(x) is not differentiable at \text{x}=0\in(-1,1)
Q388. If \text{f}:[-5,5]\rightarrow\text{R} is differentiable and if f'(x) does not vanish anywhere, then prove that \text{f}(-5)\pm\text{f}(5). 4 Marks
Ans: It is given that \text{f}:[-5,5]\rightarrow\text{R} is a differentiable function.

Since every differentiable function is continuous function, we obtain
1. f is continuous on [-5, 5].
2. f is differentiable on (-5, 5).
Therefore, by the Mean Value Theorem, there exists \text{c}\in(-5,5) such that
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(5)-\text{f}(-5)}{5-(-5)}
\Rightarrow10\text{f}'(\text{c})=\text{f}(5)-f(-5)
It is also given that f'(x) does not vanish anywhere.
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{c})\neq0
\Rightarrow10\text{f}'(\text{c})\neq0
\Rightarrow\text{f}(5)-\text{f}(-5)\neq0
\Rightarrow\text{f}(5)\neq\text{f}(-5)
Hence, proved.
\text{f(x)}=\text{x}^3-2\text{x}^2-\text{x}+3\text{ in }[0,1].
Ans: Consider, \text{f(x)}=\text{x}^3-2\text{x}^2-\text{x}+3\text{ in }[0,1]

Since, f(x) is a polynomial function
Hence, f(x) is continuous in [0,1]
\text{f(x)}=3\text{x}^2-4\text{x}-1 which ecists in (0, 1).
Hence, f(x) is differentiable in (0, 1).
Since, conditions of mean value theorem are satisfied.
Therefore, by mean value theorem \exists\text{ c}\in(0,1), such that
\Rightarrow\ 3\text{c}^2-4\text{c}-1=\frac{[1-2-1+3]-[0+3]}{1-0}
\Rightarrow\ 3\text{c}^2-4\text{c}-1=\frac{-2}{1}
\Rightarrow\ 3\text{c}^2-4\text{c}+1=0
\Rightarrow\ 3\text{c}^2-3\text{c}-\text{c}+1=0
\Rightarrow\ 3\text{c}(\text{c}-1)-1(\text{c}-1)=0
\Rightarrow\ (3\text{c}-1)(\text{c}-1)=0
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}=\frac{1}{3},1, where \frac{1}{3}\in(0,1)
Hence, the mean value theorem has been verified.
Q390. If \text{x}=\text{a}(\theta-\sin\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}(1-\cos\theta),\text{a}>0, then find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} at \theta=\frac{\pi}{3}. 4 Marks
Ans: \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\sin\theta,\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin\theta}{1-\cos\theta}=\frac{2\sin\frac{\theta}{2}\cos\frac{\theta}{2}}{2\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2}}=\cot\frac{\theta}{2}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\text{cosec}^2\frac{\theta}{2}\cdot\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{cosec}^2\frac{\theta}{2}}{2\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\Big]_{\theta=\frac{\pi}{3}}=-\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{4}{\text{a}\Big(1-\frac{1}{2}\Big)}=-\frac{4}{\text{a}}
(\sin\text{x})^{\text{x}}+\sin^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^{\text{x}}+\sin^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}=\text{u}+\text{v }\text{ where u}=(\sin\text{x})^{\text{x}}\text{and v}\sin^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}

Now \text{u}=(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{u}=\log(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}=\text{x}\log(\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{u}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\text{x}\log(\sin\text{x}] \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}[\log(\sin\text{x})+\log(\sin\text{x)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}+\log(\sin\text{x}).1
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\cos\text{x}+\log(\sin)=\text{x}\cot\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}[\text{x}\cot\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}] \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}[\text{x}\cot\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}]\
\dots\text{(ii)}
Again \text{v}=\sin^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{v}=\log\sin^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(\sqrt{\text{x})^2}}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{\text{x}}\ \Big[\because\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin^{-1}\text{f(x)}=\frac{1}
{\sqrt{1-(\text{f(x))}^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{f(x)}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}}}\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}\sqrt{1-\text{x}}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}-\text{x}^2}}\ \dots\text{(iii)}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}[\text{x}\cot\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}]+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}-\text{x}^2}}
Q392. If y = \frac{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{1 - x}^{2}}} show that 4 Marks
(1-\text{x}^{2})\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}}-\text{3x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}=0.
Ans: \sqrt{\text{1 - x}^{2}}\text{ y}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}

\sqrt{\text{1 - x}^{2}}\text{ }\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{\text{xy}}{\sqrt{\text{1 - x}^{2}}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{1 - x}^{2}}}
\Rightarrow\text{(1 - x)}^{2}\text{ }\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{xy}=1
\Rightarrow\text{(1 - x)}^{2}\text{ }\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}}-\text{ 2x }\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{ x }\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}=0
\Rightarrow\text{(1 - x)}^{2}\text{ }\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}}-\text{ 3x }\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{ y }=0.
3\text{e}^{-3\text{x}}\log(1+\text{x})
Ans: Consider \text{y}=3\text{e}^{-3\text{x}}\log(1+\text{x})

Differentiating it with respect to x and applying the chain and product rule, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[3\text{e}^{-3\text{x}}\log(1+\text{x})\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=3\Big(\text{e}^{-3\text{x}}\frac{1}{1+\text{x}}+\log(1+\text{x})\big(-3\text{e}^{-3\text{x}}\big)\Big)
=3\Big(\frac{\text{e}^{-3\text{x}}}{1+\text{x}}-3\log(1+\text{x})\Big)
The solution is,
=3\text{e}^{-3\text{e}}\Big(\frac{1}{1+\text{x}}-3\log(1-\text{x})\Big)
Q394. If \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}}\cos\text{x}, Prvoe that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sqrt{2}\text{e}^\text{x}.\cos\Big(\text{x}+\frac{\pi}{4}\Big) 4 Marks
Ans: Given, \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}}\cos\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}\big)
=\text{e}^\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}+\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{e}^{\text{x}} [Using product rule]
=\text{e}^\text{e}(-\sin\text{x})+\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}
=\text{e}^\text{x}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})
=\sqrt{2}\text{e}^\text{x}\Big(\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big) \big[Multiplying and dividing by \sqrt{2}\big]
=\sqrt{2}\text{e}^\text{x}\Big(\cos\frac{\pi}{4}\cos\text{x}-\sin\frac{\pi}{4}\sin\text{x}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sqrt{2}\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\Big(\text{x}+\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)
Q395. Discuss the continuity of the following functions: 4 Marks
1. \text{f(x)}=\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}
2. \text{f(x)}=\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}
3. \text{f(x)}=\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}
Ans: It is know that if g and h are two continuous functions, then

g + h, g - h, and g, h are also continuous.
It has to proved first that \text{g(x)}=\sin\text{x} and \text{h(x)}=\cos\text{x} are continuous functions.
Let \text{g(x)}=\sin\text{x}
It is evident that \text{g(x)}=\sin\text{x} is defined for every real number.
Let c be a real number. Put x = c + h
If x → c, then h → 0
\text{g(c)}=\sin\text{c}
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{g(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\sin\text{x}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\sin(\text{c}+\text{h})
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[\sin\text{c}\cos\text{h}+\cos\text{c}\sin\text{h}\big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\sin\text{c}\cos\text{h})+\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\cos\text{c}\sin\text{h})
=\sin\text{c}\cos0+\cos\text{c}\sin0
=\sin\text{c}+0
=\sin\text{c}
Therefore, g is a continuous function.
Let \text{h(x)}=\cos\text{x}
It is evident that \text{h(x)}=\cos\text{x} is defined for every real number.
Let c be a real number. Put x = c + h
If x → c, then h → 0
\text{h(c)}=\cos\text{c}
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{h(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\cos\text{x}
=\lim\limits_{{\text{h}}\rightarrow0}\cos(\text{c}+\text{h})
=\lim\limits_{{\text{h}}\rightarrow0}\big[\cos\text{c}\cos\text{h}-\sin\text{c}\sin\text{h}\big]
=\lim\limits_{{\text{h}}\rightarrow0}\cos\text{c}\cos\text{h}-\lim\limits_{{\text{h}}\rightarrow0}\sin\text{c}\sin\text{h}
=\cos\text{c}\cos0-\sin\text{c}\sin0
=\cos\text{c}\times1-\sin\text{c}\times0
=\cos\text{c}
\therefore\ \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{h(x)}=\text{h(c)}
Therefore, it can be concluded that
1. \text{f(x)}=\text{g(x)}+\text{h(x)}=\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x} is a continuous function.
2. \text{f(x)}=\text{g(x)}-\text{h(x)}=\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x} is a continuous function.
3. \text{f(x)}=\text{g(x)}\times\text{h(x)}=\sin\text{x}\times\cos\text{x} is a continuous function.
Q396. Find the interval in which the function f given by 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\sin2\text{x}+\cos2\text{x},0\leq\text{x}\leq\pi is strictly decreasing.
Ans: \text{f(x)}=\sin2\text{x}+\cos2\text{x}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=2\cos2\text{x}-2\sin2\text{x}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=0
\Rightarrow2\cos2\text{x}-2\sin2\text{x}=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{8},\frac{5\pi}{8}
Possible interval are \Big(0,\frac{\pi}{8}\Big),\Big(\frac{\pi}{8},\frac{5\pi}{8}\Big),\Big(\frac{5\pi}{8},2\pi\Big)
\text{f}'(\text{x})<0 in \Big(\frac{\pi}{8},\frac{5\pi}{8}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)} is decreasing in \Big(\frac{\pi}{8},\frac{5\pi}{8}\Big)
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}5,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq2\\\text{ax}+\text{b},&\text{if }2<\text{x}<10\\21,&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq10\end{cases}
Ans: Given,
If f(x) is continuous x = 2 and 10, then
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^+}\text{f(x)} and \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow10^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow10^+}\text{f(x)}
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2+\text{h}) and \lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(10-
\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(10+\text{h})
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[\text{a}(2+\text{h})+\text{b}\big] and \lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[\text{a}(10-
\text{h})+\text{b}\big]=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(21)
\Rightarrow5=2\text{a}+\text{b}\ ....(\text{i}) and 10\text{a}+\text{b}=21\ ....(\text{ii})
On solving eqs. (i) and (ii) we get
\text{a}=2 and \text{b}=1
Q398. If \text{y}=\text{x}\sin\text{y}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}(1-\text{x}\cos\text{y})} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\text{x}\sin\text{y}\ .....(\text{i})

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\sin\text{y})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{y})+\sin\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\cos\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\sin\text{y}(1)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{x}\cos\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sin\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}\cos\text{y})=\sin\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin\text{y}}{(1-\text{x}\cos\text{y})}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}(1-\text{x}\cos\text{y})}\Big[\because\sin\text{y}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big]
Q399. Using Lagrange's mean value theorem, prove that 4 Marks
(\text{b}-\text{a})\sec^2\text{a}<\tan\text{b}-\tan\text{a}<(\text{b}-\text{a})\sec^2\text{b}
where 0<\text{a}<\text{b}<\frac{\pi}{2}.
Ans: Consider the function as

\text{f}(\text{x})=\tan\text{x}, \Big\{\text{x}\in[\text{a},\text{b}]\text{ such that }0<\text{a}<\text{b}<\frac{\pi}{2}\Big\}
We know that \tan\text{x} is continuous and differentiable in \Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big), so, Lagrange's mean value theorem is applicable on (a, b), so there exist a point c such that,
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(\text{b})-\text{f}(\text{a})}{\text{b}-\text{a}}
\Rightarrow\sec^2\text{c}=\frac{\tan\text{b}-\tan\text{a}}{\text{b}-\text{a}}\ ....(\text{i})
Now,
\text{c}\in(\text{a},\text{b})
\Rightarrow\text{a}<\text{c}<\text{b}
\Rightarrow\sec^2\text{a}<\sec^2\text{c}<\sec^2\text{b}
\Rightarrow\sec^2\text{a}<\Big(\frac{\tan\text{b}-\tan\text{a}}{\text{b}-\text{a}}\Big)<\sec^2\text{b}
Using equation (i),
(\text{b}-\text{a})\sec^2\text{a}<(\tan\text{b}-\tan\text{a})<(\text{b}-\text{a})\sec^2\text{b}
Q400. Differentiate \sin(x^{2} + 1)with respect to xfrom first principle. 4 Marks
Ans: \frac{\triangle y}{\triangle x} = \frac {\sin \bigg[( {x + \triangle x)^{2}}+ 1\bigg] -\sin ( x^{2} + 1)}{\triangle x}
\therefore \frac{dy}{dx} = \lim\limits_{\triangle x \rightarrow 0} \frac{2\cos\bigg[ \frac{( x + \triangle x)^{2} + x^{2}}{2}\bigg] .\sin \bigg[\frac{\triangle x( 2x + \triangle x}{2} \bigg]} {\triangle
x}
= 2.\cos ( x^{2} + 1) . \lim\limits_{\triangle x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin\bigg[\frac{(\triangle x+{2 x} +\triangle{x)}}{2}\bigg] \bigg[\frac{(2x +\triangle x)}{2}\bigg]}{\triangle x.\bigg(\frac{2x +
\triangle x}{2}\bigg)}
= \text{2 x} .\cos ( x^{2} + 1)
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}4,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq-1\\\text{ax}^2+\text{b},&\text{if }-1<\text{ x}<0\\\cos\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq0\end{cases}
Ans: It is given that the function is continuous

At x = -1
f(-1) = 4
\text{RHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow-1^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{a}(-1+\text{h})^2+\text{b}=\text{a}+\text{b}
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = -1
\therefore a + b = 4 ...(i)
Now, at x = 0
\text{f}(0)=\cos0^\circ=1
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{a}(-\text{h})^2+\text{b}=\text{b}
\therefore f(0) = LHL
b=1
\therefore from (i)
a=3
Thus, a = 3, b = 1
Q402. Prove that the function f(x) = xn is continuous at x = n, where n is a positive integer. 4 Marks
Ans: Here f(x) = xn, Where is a possitive integer.

^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{n}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{n}}(\text{x}^\text{n}) = \text{n}^\text{n}
Now f is defined at x = n
and f(n) = nn
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{n}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(n)}
\therefore f is continous at x = n.
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}|\text{x}|+3,&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq-3\\-2\text{x},&\text{if }-3<\text{ x}<3\\6\text{x}+2,&\text{if }\text{ x}>3\end{cases}
Ans: When x < -3,

f(x) = |x| + 3
We know that |x| is continuous for x < -3
\therefore |x| + 3 is continuous for x < -3
When x > 3
f(x) = 6x + 2 which is a polynomial of degree 1, so f(x) = 6x + 2 is continuous for x > 3
When -3 < x < 3
f(x) = -2x which is again a polynomial so, it is continuous for -3 < x < 3
Now, consider the point x = -3
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow3^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-3-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}|-3-\text{h}|+3=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}|3+\text{h}|+3=6
\text{RHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow3^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-3+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}-2(-3+\text{h})=6
\text{f}(-3)=|-3|+3=6
Thus, LHL = RHL = f(-3) = 6
So, the function is continuous at x = 3
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow3^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-3-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}-2(3-\text{h})=-6
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}6(3+\text{h})+2=20
Thus, \text{LHL}\neq\text{RHL}
Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 3
Q404. Find: \int\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{(\text{sin}^2\text{x+1}(\sin^2\text{x}+3)}\text{dx} 4 Marks
Ans: Let \text{I} =\int\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{(\text{sin}^2\text{x+1}(\sin^2\text{x}+3)}\text{dx}

\Rightarrow\text{I}=\int\frac{2\sin\text{x}.\cos\text{x}}{(\ \sin^2\text{x+1)}(\sin^2\text{x+3)}}\text{dx}
Let \sin^2\text{x}+3=\text{t}
\Rightarrow2\sin\text{x}. \cos\text{xdx}=\text{dt}
Therefore,
\text{I}=\int\frac{\text{dt}}{(\text{t}-2)\text{t}}
\Rightarrow \text{I} =\frac{1}{2}\int \Big(\frac{1}{\text{t}-2}-\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)\text{dt}
\Rightarrow\text{I}=\frac{1}{2}\big[\text{ln(}\text{t}-2)-\text{ln}\big]+\text{c}
\Rightarrow \text{I}= \frac{1}{2} \text{ln}\Big(\frac{\text{t}-2}{\text{t}}\Big)+\text{c}
\Rightarrow \text{I}=\text{}\text{ln}\sqrt{\frac{\text{t}-2}{\text{t}}}+\text{c}
\Rightarrow \text{I}= \text{ln}\sqrt{\frac{\sin^2\text{x}+1}{\sin^2\text{x}+3}}+\text{c}
Q405. If \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f(c)}}{\text{x}-\text{c}} exists finitely, write the value of \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}\text{f(x)}. 4 Marks
Ans: LHL = f(1) = RHL
So, f(x) is continuous at x = 1
Now,
(LHL at x = 1) =\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(1-\text{h})-\text{f}-(1)}{(1-\text{h})-1}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-1}{-\text{h}}
= Not defined
(RHL at x = 1) =\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{x}-1}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(1+\text{h})-\text{f}-(1)}{(1+\text{h})-1}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2(1+\text{h})-1-1}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\text{h}}{\text{h}}
=1
(LHL at x = 1) \neq (RHL at x = 1)
\therefore f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 and 1.
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f(c)}}{\text{x}-\text{c}} exists finitely
So,
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f(c)}}{\text{x}-\text{c}}
\text{f}'(\text{c})\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}(\text{x}-\text{c})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}(\text{x})-\text{f(c)}
\text{f}'(\text{c})(\text{c}-\text{c})=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}(\text{x})-\text{f(c)}
0=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}(\text{x})-\text{f(c)}
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}\text{f(x})=\text{f(c)}
Q406. Write the points where f(x) = |loge x| is not differentiable. 4 Marks
Ans: Given: \text{f(x)}=|\log_\text{e}\text{x}|=\begin{cases}-\log_\text{e}\text{x}, & 0<\text{x}<1\\\log_\text{e}\text{x}, & \text{x}\geq1\end{cases}

Clearly f(x) is differentiable for all x > 1 and for all x < 1. So, we have to check the differentiability at x = 1.
(LHL at x = 1)
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\frac{-\log\text{x}-\log1}{\text{x}-1}
=-\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{-}}\frac{\log\text{x}}{\text{x}-1}
=-\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^{-}}\frac{\log(1-\text{h})}{1-\text{h}-1}
=-\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^{-}}\frac{\log(1-\text{h})}{-\text{h}}
=-1
(RHL at x = 1)
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\frac{-\log\text{x}-\log1}{\text{x}-1}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^{+}}\frac{\log\text{x}}{\text{x}-1}
=-\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^{+}}\frac{\log(1+\text{h})}{1+\text{h}-1}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^{-}}\frac{\log(1+\text{h})}{\text{h}}
=1
Q407. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function f(x) = x2 - 4x + 3 on [1, 3]. 4 Marks
Ans: f (x) being a polynomial is continuous in [1, 3] and differentiable in (1, 3).
Also f (a) = f (1) = 0 = f (b) = f (3) \therefore Roll s Theorem is applicable
\Rightarrow\text{f'(c)}=2\text{c} - 4 = 0 \Rightarrow\text{c}=2\in(1, 3)
Hence Rolle's theorem is verified.
Q408. If the value of c prescribed bye Lagrange's mean value theorem for the function 4 Marks
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4} defined on [2, 3].
Ans: Here,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4} defined on [2, 3].
We have to find c prescribed by Lagrange's mean value theorem, so
\Rightarrow\frac{2\text{c}}{2\sqrt{\text{c}^2-4}}=\frac{(\sqrt{9-4})-(\sqrt{4-4})}{3-2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{c}}{\sqrt{\text{c}^2-4}}=\frac{\sqrt5-0}{1}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{c}}{\sqrt{\text{c}^2-4}}=\sqrt5
Squaring both sides,
⇒ c2 = (c2 - 4)5
⇒ 5c2 - c2 = 20
⇒ 4c2 = 20
⇒ c2 = 5
\Rightarrow\text{c}=\pm\sqrt5
but \text{c}=\sqrt5\text{ as }\sqrt5\in(2,3).
f(x) = x2 -4x + 3 on [1, 3]
Ans: The given function is f(x) = x2 -4x + 3

f, being a pollynomial function, is continuous in [1, 4] and is differentiable in (1, 4) whose derivative is 2x - 4.
f(1) = 12 - 4 × 1 + 3 = 0
f(4) = 42 - 4 × 4 + 3 = 3
\therefore\ \frac{\text{f}(\text{b})-\text{f}(\text{a})}{\text{b}-\text{a}}=\frac{\text{f}(4)-\text{f}(1)}{4-1}=\frac{3-(0)}{3}=\frac{3}{3}=1
Mean Value Theorem states that there is a point \text{c}\in(1,4) such that f'(c) = 1
f'(c) = 1
⇒ 2c - 4 = 1
\Rightarrow\text{c}=\frac{5}{2}, where \text{c}=\frac{5}{2}\in(1,4)
Hence, Mean Value Theorem is verified for the given function.
Q410. If \text{y}=\cos^{-1}(2\text{x})+2\cos^{-1}\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}, -\frac{1}{2}<\text{x}<0, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{y}=\cos^{-1}(2\text{x})+2\cos^{-1}\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}

Put 2\text{x}=\cos\theta, \text{So},
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)+2\cos^{-1}\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}
=\cos^2(\cos\theta)+2\cos^{-1}(\sin\theta)
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)+2\cos^{-1}\Big(\cos\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta\Big)\Big)\ .....(\text{i})
Now, -\frac{1}{2}<\text{x}<0
\Rightarrow -1<2\text{x}<0
\Rightarrow -1<\cos\theta<0
\Rightarrow \frac{\pi}{2}<\theta<\pi
And
\Rightarrow -\frac{\pi}{2}>-\theta>-\pi
\Rightarrow \Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)>\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta\Big)>\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\pi\Big)
\Rightarrow 0>\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta\Big)>-\frac{\pi}{2}
\text{y}=\theta+2\Big[-\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta\Big)\Big]
\begin{bmatrix} \text{Since}, \cos^{-1}\cos(\theta)=\theta, \text{if }\theta\in[0,\pi] \\ \cos^{-1}\cos(\theta)=-\theta, \text{if }\theta\in[-\pi,0] \end{bmatrix}
\text{y}=\theta-2\times\frac{\pi}{2}+2\theta
\text{y}=-\pi+3\theta
\text{y}=-\pi+3\cos^{-1}(2\text{x})\ \big[\text{Since}, 2\text{x}=\cos\theta\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0+3\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(2\text{x})^2}}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})
=\frac{-3}{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}(2)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{6}{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}
Q411. If \text{y}=\text{cosec}^{-1}\text{x},\text{x}>1 prove that \text{x}(\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+(2\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0. 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\text{cosec}^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-1}{\text{x}\sqrt{{}\text{x}^2-1}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}+\frac{\text{x}^2}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}}{\text{x}^2(\text{x}^2-1)}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{x}^2-1+\text{x}^2}{\text{x}^2(\text{x}^2-1)\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{2\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2(\text{x}^2-1)\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{2\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2-1)\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2(\text{x}^2-1)\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{2\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-2\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-2\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-(2\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=+(2\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
Hence proved
Q412. Differentiate \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big) with respect to \cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big), if 0 < x < 1. 4 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)

Put \text{x}=\tan\theta,\text{so}
\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\tan\theta}{1-\tan^2\theta}\Big)
\text{u}=\tan^{-1}(\tan2\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
Let \text{v}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)
=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\tan^2\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta}\Big)
\text{v}=\cos^{-1}(\cos2\theta)\ .....(\text{ii})
Hrer, 0 < x < 1
\Rightarrow0< \tan\theta<1
\text{u}=2\theta\Big[\text{Since,}\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\text{u}=2\tan^{-1}\text{x }[\text{Since,x}=\tan\theta]
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}\ .....(\text{iii})
From equation (ii),
\text{v}=\theta \big[\text{Since,} \cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\epsilon[0,\pi]\big]
\text{v}=2\tan^{-1}\text{x }[\text{Since},\text{x}=\tan\theta]
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}\ .....(\text{iv})
Dividing equation (iii) by (iv)
\frac{\frac{\text{}du}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}\times\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{2}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^{10}-1,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq1\\\text{x}^2,&\text{if }\text{ x}>1\end{cases}
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^{10}-1,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq1\\\text{x}^2,&\text{if }\text{ x}>1\end{cases}

The given function f is defind at all the points of the relline.
Let c be a point on the real line.
Case I:
If c < 1, then \text{f(c)}=\text{c}^{10}-1 and \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(\text{x}^{10}-1)=\text{c}^{10}-1
\therefore\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(c)}
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x such, that x < 1
Case II:
If c = 1, then the left hand limit of at x = 1 is,
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}(\text{x}^{10}-1)=1^{10}-1=1-1=0
The right hand limit of f at x = 1 is,
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}(\text{x}^2)=1^1=1
It is observed that the left and right hand limit of at x = 1 do not coincide.
Therefore, f is not continuouse at x = 1
Case III:
If c > 1, then f(c) = c2
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(\text{x}^2)=\text{c}^2
Therefore, f is continuous at all points x, such that x > 1
Thus, from the above observation, if can be concluded that x = 1 is the only point of discontinuity of y.
Q414. If \text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\text{t}+\text{t}\sin\text{t})\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{a}(\sin\text{t}-\text{t}\cos\text{t}), find the value of \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\ \text{at}\ 4 Marks
\text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4}.
Ans: We have,
\text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\text{t}+\text{t}\sin\text{t})\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{a}(\sin\text{t}-\text{t}\cos\text{t}),
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}[\text{a}(\cos\text{t}+\text{t}\sin\text{t})]=-\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{a}\sin\text{t}+\text{at}\cos\text{t}=\text{at}\cos\text{at}
and
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}[\text{a}(\sin\text{t}-\text{t}\cos\text{t})]=\text{a}\cos\text{t}-\text{a}\cos\text{t}+\text{at}\sin\text{t}=\text{at}\sin\text{t}
Now, \Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{\text{at}\sin\text{t}}{\text{at}\cos\text{t}}=\tan\text{t}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{t})
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\tan\text{t})\times\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\sec^2\text{t}\times\frac{1}{\text{at}\cos\text{t}}
=\frac{1}{\text{at}\cos^3\text{t}}
\Big(\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\Big)_{\text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{1}{\text{a}\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)\cos^3\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)}=\frac{8\sqrt{2}}{\text{a}\pi}
Hence, \text{at}\ \text{t}=\frac{\pi}{4},\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{8\sqrt{2}}{\text{a}\pi}
Q415. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function f ( x) = x^{2} - 5x + 4\text{ on} [ 1, 4]. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{f (x)} = x^{2} - 5x + 4 \text {( a polynomial function)}

\text{(i) the function is continuous on [1,4] }
\text{(ii) It is differentiable on (1,4)}
\text{(iii) f (1)} = \text{f (4)} = 0
\therefore All the conditions of Rolles' Theoremare satisfied.
\therefore \text{f' (c)} = 0 \Rightarrow \text{2 c - 5} = 0 \Rightarrow \text{c} = \frac{5}{2}
\text{As c} = \frac{5}{2} \in (1,4), the Rolle's theorem is verified.

\sin^{-1}\Big\{\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{x}}{2}}\Big\},0<\text{x}<1
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{x}}{2}}\Big\}

\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos2\theta}{2}}\Big\}
=\sin^{-1}\Big\{\sqrt{\frac{2\sin^2\theta}{2}}\Big\}
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
Here, 0<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow\ 0<\cos2\theta<1
\Rightarrow\ 0<\theta<\frac{\pi}{4}
\text{y}=\theta
\Big[\text{Since, } \sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta\text{ if }\theta \in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\cos^{-1}\text{x}\ \big[\text{Since x}=\cos2\theta\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\tan2\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\tan2\text{x}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\tan2\text{x})
=\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\sec\text{x}\tan2\text{x}\big\}+\sec\text{x}\tan2\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\big\}
=\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\big[\text{sec}\text{x}\tan\text{x}\tan2\text{x}+2\sec^2 2\text{x}\sec\text{x}\big]+\text{ae}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{a}\tan^{2\text{x}}
=\text{ae}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\tan2\text{x}+\text{e}^{\text{ax }}\sec\text{x}\tan\text{x}\tan2\text{x}+2\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\sec^2 2\text{x}
=\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\big\{\text{a}\tan2\text{x}+\tan\text{x}\tan2\text{x}+2\sec^22\text{x}\big\}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\tan2\text{x})=\text{e}^{\text{ax}}\sec\text{x}\big\{\text{a}\tan2\text{x}+\tan\text{x}\tan2\text{x}+2\sec^22\text{x}\big\}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2}{2},&\text{if }0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\2\text{x}^2-3\text{x}+\frac{3}{2},&\text{if }1<\text{x}\leq2\end{cases}
at x = 1
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2}{2},&\text{if }0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\2\text{x}^2-3\text{x}+\frac{3}{2},&\text{if }1<\text{x}\leq2\end{cases} at x = 1.

At x = 1, \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow1^-}\frac{\text{x}^2}{2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(1-\text{h})^2}{2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{1+\text{h}^2-2\text{h}}{2}=\frac{1}{2}
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow1^+}\Big(2\text{x}^2-3\text{x}+\frac{3}{2}\Big)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big[2(1+\text{h})^2-3(1+\text{h})+\frac{3}{2}\Big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(2+2\text{h}^2+4\text{h}-3-3\text{h}+\frac{3}{2}\Big) =-1+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}
And \text{f}(1)=\frac{1^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}
Hence, f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
f(x) = x(x + 4)2 on [0,4]
Ans: Here,
f(x) = x(x + 4)2
⇒ f(x) = x(x2 + 16 + 8x)
⇒ f(x) = x3 + 8x2 + 16x
Since f(x) is a polynomial function which is everywhere continuous and differentiable.
Therefore, f(x) is continuous on [0, 4] and derivable on (0, 4)
Thus, both the conditions of Lagrange's theorem is satisfied.
Consequently, there exists some \text{c}\in(0,4) such that
Now, f(x) = x3 + 8x2 + 16x
⇒ f(x) = 3x2 + 16x + 16,
⇒ f(4) = 64+ 128 + 64 = 256,
⇒ f(0) = 0
\Rightarrow3\text{x}^2+16\text{x}+16=\frac{256}{4}
\Rightarrow3\text{x}^2+16\text{x}-48=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}=-\frac{4}{3}\big(2+\sqrt{13}\big),\frac{4}{3}\big(\sqrt{13}-2\big)
Thus, \text{c}=\frac{-8+4\sqrt{13}}{3}\in(0,4) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(4)-\text{f}(0)}{4-0}
Q420. If \text{y}=1+\frac{\alpha}{\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\alpha\big)}+\frac{\frac{\beta}{\text{x}}}{\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\alpha\big)\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\beta\big)}+\frac{\frac{\gamma} 4 Marks
{\text{x}^2}}{\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\alpha\big)\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\beta\big)\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\gamma\big)}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
Ans: \text{y}=1+\frac{\alpha}{\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\alpha\big)}+\frac{\frac{\beta}{\text{x}}}{\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\alpha\big)\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\beta\big)}+\frac{\frac{\gamma}{\text{x}^2}}
{\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\alpha\big)\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\beta\big)\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\gamma\big)}
Using the theorem,
If \text{y}=1+\frac{\text{ax}^2}{(\text{x}-\text{a})(\text{x}-\text{b})(\text{x}-\text{c})}+\frac{\text{bx}}{(\text{x}-\text{b})(\text{x}-\text{c})}+\frac{\text{c}}{(\text{x}-\text{x})} then,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big\{\frac{\text{a}}{\text{a}-\text{x}}+\frac{\text{b}}{\text{b}-\text{x}}+\frac{\text{c}}{\text{c}-\text{x}}\Big\}
Here, we have \frac{1}{\text{x}} instead of x,
So, using above theorem we get,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\alpha}{\big(\frac{1}{\text{a}}-\alpha\big)}+\frac{\beta}{\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\beta\big)}+\frac{\gamma}{\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\gamma\big)}
10^{\log\sin\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=10^{\log\sin\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log10^{\log\sin\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\log\sin\text{x}\log10
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log10\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\sin\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log10\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log10\Big(\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\Big)(\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\big[\log10\times\cot\text{x}\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=10^{\log\sin\text{x}}\times\log10\times\cot\text{x}
Q422. The function \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{a}},&\text{if }0\leq\text{ x}<1\\\text{a},&\text{if }1\leq\text{x}<\sqrt{2}\\\frac{2\text{b}^2-4\text{b}}{\text{x}^2},&\text{if 4 Marks
}\sqrt{2}\leq\text{x}<\infty\end{cases} is continuous on (0,\infty), then find the most suitable value of a and b.
Ans: Given, f is continuous on (0,\infty)

\therefore f is continuous at x = 1 and \sqrt{2}
Ar x = 1, we have
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(1-\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\bigg[\frac{(1-\text{h})^2}{\text{a}}\bigg]=\frac{1}{\text{a}}
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(1+\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{a})=\text{a}
Also,
At \text{x}=\sqrt{2}, we have
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\sqrt{2}^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\sqrt{2}-\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{a})=\text{a}
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\sqrt{2}^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\sqrt{2}+\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\bigg[\frac{2\text{b}^2-4\text{b}}
{(\sqrt{2}+\text{h})^2}\bigg]=\frac{2\text{b}^2-4\text{b}}{2}=\text{b}^2-2\text{b}
f is continuous at x = 1 and \sqrt{2}
\therefore\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f(x)} and \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\sqrt{2}^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\sqrt{2}^+}\text
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{a}}=\text{a} and \text{b}^2-2\text{b}=\text{a}
\Rightarrow\text{a}^2=1 and \text{b}^2-2\text{b}=\text{a}
\Rightarrow\text{a}=\pm1 and \text{b}^2-2\text{b}=\text{a}\ ...(\text{i})
If a = 1, then
\text{b}^2-2\text{b}=\text{a} [From eq. (i)]
\Rightarrow\text{b}^2-2\text{b}-1=0
\Rightarrow\text{b}=\frac{2\pm\sqrt{4+4}}{2}=\frac{2\pm2\sqrt{2}}{2}\\=1\pm\sqrt{2}
If a = -1, then
\Rightarrow\text{b}^2-2\text{b}=-1 [From eq. (i)]
\Rightarrow\text{b}^2-2\text{b}+1=0
\Rightarrow(\text{b}-1)^2=0
Hence, the most suitable value of a and b are
\text{a}=-1,\text{ b}=1 or \text{a}=1,\text{ b}=1\pm\sqrt{2}
Q423. If \text{a}(1-\cos\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta), prove that, \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{1}{\text{a}} at \theta=\frac{\pi}{2}. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{a}(1-\cos\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta),
Differentiating w.r.t.\theta,
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}(0+\sin\theta);\ ...\text{Eq}\ 1
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}\ \text{a}(1+\cos\theta)\ ...\text{Eq}\ 2
Dividing (2) by (1)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}\times\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)}{\text{a}\sin\theta}
Differentiating w.r.t.\theta,
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\sin\theta(0-\sin\theta)-(1+\cos\theta)\cos\theta}{\sin^2\theta}...(3)
=-\frac{\sin^2\theta-\cos\theta-\cos^2\theta}{\sin^2\theta}
=-\frac{(1+\cos\theta)}{\sin^2\theta}...(4 )
dividing (4) by (3)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{(1+\cos\theta)}{\sin^2\theta\times\text{a}\sin\theta}
putting \theta=\frac{\pi}{2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{1}{\text{a}}
Hence proved
\cot^{-1}\Big[\frac{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}+\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}}{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}-\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}}\Big],\ 0<\text{x}<\frac{\pi}{2}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cot^{-1}\Big[\frac{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}+\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}}{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}-\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}}\Big]\ \dots(1)

Then, \frac{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}+\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}}{\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}-\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}}}
=\frac{(\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}+\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}})^2}{(\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}-\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}})(\sqrt{1+\sin\text{x}}+\sqrt{1-\sin\text{x}})}
=\frac{(1+\sin\text{x})+(1-\sin\text{x})+2\sqrt{(1-\sin\text{x})(1+\sin\text{x})}}{(1+\sin\text{x})-(1-\sin\text{x})}
=\frac{2+2\sqrt{1-\sin^2\text{x}}}{2\sin\text{x}}
=\frac{1+\cos\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}}
=\frac{2\cos^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{2\sin\frac{\text{x}}{2}\cos\frac{\text{x}}{2}}
=\cot\frac{\text{x}}{2}
Therefore, equation (1) becomes
\text{y}=\cot^{-1}\Big(\cot\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\frac{\text{x}}{2}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x)}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}
Q425. If \text{f(x)}=\log\Big\{\frac{\text{u(x)}}{\text{v(x)}}\Big\},\text{u}(1)=\text{v}(1) and u'(1) = v'(1) = 2, then find the value of f(1). 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\log\Big\{\frac{\text{u(x)}}{\text{v(x)}}\Big\}

And,
\text{u}(1)=\text{v}(1),\text{u}'(1)=\text{v}'(1)=2\ .....(\text{i})
\Rightarrow\text{f}'\text{(x)}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\text{f(x)}=\log\Big\{\frac{\text{u(x)}}{\text{v(x)}}\Big\}\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{f}'\text{(x)}=\frac{1}{\Big[\frac{\text{u(x)}}{\text{v(x)}}\Big]}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{\text{u(x)}}{\text{v(x)}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{f}'\text{(x)}=\frac{\text{v(x)}}{\text{u(x)}}\times\bigg[\frac{\text{v(x)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\{\text{u(x)}\}-\text{u(x)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\{\text{v(x)}\}}{\
{\text{v(x)}\}^2}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\text{f}'\text{(x)}=\frac{\text{v(x)}}{\text{u(x)}}\times\Big[\frac{\text{u(x)}\times\text{u}'\text{(x)}-\text{u(x)}\times\text{v}'\text{(x)}}{\{\text{v(x)}\}^2}\Big]
Putting x = 1, we get,
\text{f}'(1)=\frac{\text{v}(1)}{\text{u}(1)}\times\Big[\frac{\text{u}(1)\times\text{u}'(1)-\text{u}1\times\text{v}'(1)}{\{\text{v}(1)\}^2}\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(1)=1\times\Big[\frac{\text{u}(1)\times2-\text{u}(1)\times 2}{\{\text{u}(1)\}^2}\Big]
[Using eqn (1)]
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(1)=\Big[\frac{0}{\{\text{u}(1)\}^2}\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(1)=0
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{px}}\sqrt{1-\text{px}}}{\text{x}},&\text{if }-1\leq\text{ x}\leq-0\\\frac{2\text{x}+1}{\text{x}-2},&\text{if }0\leq\text{ x}\leq1\end{cases}
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{px}}\sqrt{1-\text{px}}}{\text{x}},&\text{if }-1\leq\text{ x}\leq-0\\\frac{2\text{x}+1}{\text{x}-2},&\text{if }0\leq\text{ x}\leq1\end{cases}

\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{h})
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{px}}\sqrt{1+\text{px}}}{-\text{h}}\bigg)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{2\text{h}+1}{\text{h}-2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg(\frac{\big(\sqrt{1-\text{ph}}\big)-(\sqrt{1+\text{ph}})\big(\sqrt{1-\text{ph}}\big)+\big(1+\text{ph}\big)}{-\text{h}\big(\sqrt{1-
\text{ph}}+\sqrt{1+\text{ph}}\big)}\Bigg)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{2\text{h}+1}{\text{h}-2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg(\frac{\big(1-\text{ph}-1-\text{ph}\big)}{-\text{h}\big(\sqrt{1-
\text{ph}}+\sqrt{1+\text{ph}}\big)}\Bigg)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{2\text{h}+1}{\text{h}-2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg(\frac{\big(-2\text{ph}\big)}{-\text{h}\sqrt{1-
\text{ph}+\sqrt{1+\text{ph}}}}\Bigg)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{2\text{h}+1}{\text{h}-2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg(\frac{\big(2\text{p}\big)}{\big(\sqrt{1-\text{ph}}+\sqrt{1+\text{ph}}\big)}\Bigg)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{2\text{h}+1}
{\text{h}-2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\Big(\frac{(2\text{p})}{(2)}\Big)=\Big(\frac{1}{-2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{p}=\frac{-1}{2}
Q427. Find all the points of discontinuity of f defined by f(x) = |x| – |x + 1|. 4 Marks
Ans: It is given function is \text{f(x)} =|\text{x}|-|\text{x} + 1|

The given function f is defined for real number and f can be written as the composition of two functions, as
f = goh, where, \text{g(x}) =| \text{x}|\ \text {and}\ \text{h(x)} = |\text{x} + 1|
Then, f = g - h
First we have to prove that \text{g(x}) =| \text{x}|\ \text {and}\ \text{h(x)} = |\text{x} + 1| are continuous functions.
g(x) = lxl can be written as
\text{g(x)}=\begin{cases}-\text{x},&\text{if}\ \text{x}<{0}\\\text{x},& \text{if}\ \text{x}\geq0\end{cases}
Now, g is defined for all real number.
Case I: If k < 0,
Then g(k) = -k
And ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{g(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}(-\text{x}) = -\text{k}
Thus ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{g(x)} =\text{g(k)}
Therefore, g is continuous at all points x, i.e. x > 0
Case II: If k > 0,
Then g(k) = k and
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{g(x)} =^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{x}=\text{k}
Therefore, g is continuous at all points x, i.e. x < 0
Case III: If k = 0,
Then, g(k) = g(0) = 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{g(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}(-\text{x}) = 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{g(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}(\text{x}) = 0
\therefore^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{g(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text g({\text x}) =\text{g}( 0)
From the above 3 cases, we get that g is continuous at all points.
g(x) = |x + 1| can be written as
\text{g(x)}=\begin{cases}-(\text{x} + 1),&\text{if}\ \text{x}<-{1}\\\text{x}+1,& \text{if}\ \text{x}\geq-1\end{cases}
Now, h is defined for all real number.
Case I: If k < -1,
Then h(k) = -(k + 1)
And^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{h(x)} =^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}[-(\text{x} + 1)] = - (\text{k} + 1)
= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{h(x)} = \text{h(k)}
Therefore, h is continuous at all points x, i.e., x > -1.
Case II: If k > -1,
Then h(k) = k + 1 and
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{h(x)} =^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}(\text{x} + 1) = \text{k} + 1
Thus = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{h(x)} = \text{h(k)}
Therefore, h is continuous at all points x, i.e., x > -1.
Case III: If k = -1,
Then, h(k) = h(-1) = -1 + 1 = 0
= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{h(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}[-(\text{x} + 1)] = -(-1 + 1) = 0
= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{h(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}(\text{x} + 1) = -(-1 + 1) = 0
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{h(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{h(x)} = \text{h}(-1)
Therefore, q is continuous at x = -1
From the above 3 cases, we get that h is continuous at all points.
Hence, g and h are continuous function.
Therefore, f = g - h is also a continuous function.
Q428. If \text{y}=\log\big\{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big\}, show that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}. 4 Marks
Ans: Here \text{y}=\log\big\{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big\}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}} \log\big\{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big\}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\big\{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big\}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\sqrt{\text{x}+1})
=\frac{1}{\big\{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big\}}\Big[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\Big]
=\frac{1}{\big\{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big\}}\Big[\frac{1}{2}(\text{x}-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}-\frac{1}{2}(\text{x}+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}\Big]
=\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{\big\{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big\}}\Big[\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}+1}}\Big]
=\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{\big\{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big\}}\Bigg(\frac{-\big\{\sqrt{\text{x}-1}-\sqrt{\text{x}-1}\big\}}{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}-1}\big)\big(\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big)}\Bigg)
=\frac{1}{2}\bigg(\frac{1}{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}-1}\big)\big(\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big)}\bigg)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
Therefore,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}
Q429. The scalar product of the vector \vec{\text{a}}=\hat{\text{i}}+\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}} with a unit vector along the sum of the 4 Marks
vectors \vec{\text{b}}=2\hat{\text{i}}+4\hat{\text{j}}-5\hat{\text{k}} and \vec{\text{c}}=\lambda\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}} k is equal to 1. Find the value of \lambda\ and
hence find the unit vector along \vec{\text{b}}+\vec{\text{c}}.
Ans: (2\hat{\text{i}}+4\hat{\text{j}}-5\hat{\text{k}})+(\lambda\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{3\text{k}})
=(2+\lambda)\hat{\text{i}}+6\hat{\text{j}}-2\hat{\text{K}}
Therefore, unit vector along
(2\hat{\text{i}}+4\hat{\text{j}}-5\hat{\text{k}})+(\lambda\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{3\text{k}})
is given us:
\frac{(2+\lambda)\hat{\text{i}}+6\hat{\text{j}}-2\hat{\text{k}}}{\sqrt{(2+\lambda)^2+6^2+(-2)^2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{(2+\lambda)\hat{\text{i}}+6\hat{\text{j}}-2\hat{\text{k}}}{\sqrt{4+4\lambda+\lambda^2+36+4}}
\Rightarrow\frac{(2+\lambda)\hat{\text{i}}+6\hat{\text{j}}-2\hat{\text{k}}}{\sqrt{\lambda^2+4\lambda+44}}
Scalar product of:
(\hat{\text{i}}+\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}})
With this unit vector is:
\Rightarrow(\hat{\text{i}}+\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}}).\frac{(2+\lambda)\hat{\text{i}}+6\hat{\text{j}}-2\hat{\text{k}}}{\sqrt{\lambda^2+4\lambda+44}}=1
\Rightarrow\frac{(2+\lambda)+6-2}{\sqrt{\lambda^2+4\lambda+44}}=1
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\lambda^2+4\lambda+44}=\lambda+6
\Rightarrow\lambda^2+4\lambda+44=(\lambda+6)^2
\Rightarrow\lambda^2+4\lambda+44=\lambda^2+12\lambda+36
\Rightarrow8\lambda=8
\Rightarrow\lambda=1
Hence, the value of \lambda\text{ is }1.
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{2\text{x}+\text{x}^2}{\text{x}}, & \text{x} \neq0\\0,&\text{ x} = 0\end{cases}\text{at x}=0
Ans: Given,
\Rightarrow\text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{2\text{x}+\text{x}^2}{\text{x}},\text{x}>0
\Rightarrow\text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{-2\text{x}+\text{x}^2}{\text{x}},\text{x}>0
\Rightarrow\text{f}\text{(x)}=0,\ \text{x}=0
\Rightarrow\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{x+2},\ \text{x}>0
\Rightarrow\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{x-2},\ \text{x}<0
\Rightarrow\text{f}\text{(x)}=0,\ \text{x}=0
We observe
(\text{LHL at x }=0)
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(0-h)}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(-h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}-\text{h-2}
=-2
(\text{RHL at x}=0)
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(0+h)}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(0+h)}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{h+2}
=2
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}\neq\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}
Q431. If xy = e(x–y), then show that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{y (x - 1)}}{\text{x (y + 1)}}. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} + \text{y} = \text{e}^{\text{x - y}} \bigg(1 - \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)

= \text{xy} \bigg(1 - \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{xy - y}}{\text{x + xy}} = \frac{\text{y (x - 1)}}{\text{x(1 + y)}}
\text{f(x)}=\log(\text{x}^2+2)-\log3\text{ in }[-1,1].
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\log(\text{x}^2+2)-\log3

1. Logarithmic functions are continuous in their domain.
Hence, \text{f(x)}=\log(\text{x}^2+2)-\log3 is continuous in [-1,1]
2. \text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{1}{\text{x}^2+2}\cdot2\text{x}-0
=\frac{2\text{x}}{\text{x}^2+2}, which exists in (-1,1).
Hence, f(x) is differentiable in (-1,1).
3. \text{f}(-1)=\log\big[(-1)^2+2\big]-\log3=\log3-\log3=0 and
\text{f}(1)=\log(1^2+2)-\log3=\log3-\log3=0
\Rightarrow\ \text{f}(-1)=\text{f}(1)
Conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a real number c such that
\Rightarrow\ \frac{2\text{c}}{\text{c}^2+2}=0
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}=0\in(-1,1)
Q433. Examine the continuity of the function 4 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}3\text{x}-2 &, \text{ if x} \leq 0\\\text{x}+1 &, \text{ if x} > 0\end{cases}\text{at x}=0
Also sketch the graph of this function.
Ans: Given function is,

\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}3\text{x}-2 &, \text{ if x} \leq 0\\\text{x}+1 &, \text{ if x} > 0\end{cases}\text{at x}=0\ ...(\text{ii})
We need to check whether f(x) is continuous at x = 0 or not.
For this we need to check L.H.L, R.H.L and value of function at x = 0
Clearly,
f(0) = 3*0 - 2 = -2 [from equation ii]
\text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}(0-\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(-\text{h})
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\big\{3(-\text{h})-2\big\}=-2
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f(h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\big\{\text{h}+1\big\}=0+1=1
As, \text{L.H.L}\neq\text{R.H.L}
\therefore\ \text{f(x)} is discontinuous at x = 0
This can also be proved by plotting f(x) on cartesian plane.
For x >0 ,we need to plot
y=x+1
put y = 0, we get x = -1 and for second point we put x = 0 and thus get y = 1
Two points are enough to plot the straight line.
Two coordinates are (-1, 0) and (0, 1)
For \text{x}\leq0, we need to plot
y = 3x - 2
put x = 0 then y = -2
On putting y = 0 we get \text{x}=\frac{2}{3}
Two coordinates are (0, -2) and \Big(\frac{2}{3},0\Big)
It can be seen from graph that there is breakage in curve at (0, 0)

Thus, it is discontinuous at x = 0
(1+\cos\text{x})^\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(1+\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log(1+\cos\text{x})^\text{x}
\log\text{y}=\text{x}\log(1-\cos\text{x})
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(1+\cos\text{x})+\log(1+\cos\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{1}{(1+\cos\text{x})}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\cos\text{x})+\log(1+\cos\text{x})(1)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}}{(1+\cos\text{x})}(0-\sin\text{x})+\log(1+\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log(1+\cos\text{x})-\frac{\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(1+\cos\text{x})}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\log(1+\cos\text{x})-\frac{\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(1+\cos\text{x})}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(1+\cos\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\log(1+\cos\text{x})-\frac{\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(1+\cos\text{x})}\Big]
Q435. If y = sin-1 \Bigg[\frac{\text{5x + 12}\sqrt{1 - \text{x}^{2}}}{13}\Bigg],\text{ find }\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: Let \frac{5}{13}= \cos \alpha and x = \sin\theta

\therefore\sin\alpha=\frac{12}{13},\ \cos\theta=\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}
\therefore\text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta\cos\alpha+\cos\theta\sin\alpha)=\sin^{-1}[\sin(\theta+\alpha)]
=\theta+\alpha=\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\text{constant}
\therefore\text{dy}/\text{dx}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}.
Q436. \text{If y} =\text{x}^{x},\text{prove that } \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} -\frac{1}{\text{y}}\bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^{2} -\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}} =0. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y} = \text{x}^{\text{x}}\therefore\log\text{ y } =\text{x}\log\text{x},

Taking log of both sides
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} =\log\text{x} + 1 ,
Diff. w r t “x”
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} -\frac{1}{\text{y}^{2}}\bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^{2} = \frac{1}{\text{x}},
Diff. w r t “x”
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} -\frac{1}{\text{y}}\bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^{2} - \frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}} - 0 .
Q437. Determine if \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}},&\text{ x}\neq0\\0,&\text{x}=0\end{cases} is a continuous function? 4 Marks
Ans: The given function f is \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}},&\text{ x}\neq0\\0,&\text{x}=0\end{cases}

It is evident that f is defind at all points of the real line.
Let c be a real number.
Case I:
If \text{c}\neq0, then \text{f(c)}=\text{c}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{c}}
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\Big(\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}
{\text{x}}\Big)=\Big(\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)=\text{c}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{c}}
\therefore\ \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(c)}
So, f is continuouse at all points \text{x}\neq0
Case II:
If c = 0, then f(0) = 0
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0^-}\Big(\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\Big(\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}
{\text{x}}\Big)
It is know that -1\leq\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\leq1,\text{x}\neq0
\Rightarrow-\text{x}^2\leq\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\leq\text{x}^2
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}(-\text{x}^2)\leq\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\Big(\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\leq\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\text{x}^2
\Rightarrow0\leq\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\Big(\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\leq0
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\Big(\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=0
Similarly, \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0^+}\Big(\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\Big(\text{x}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)=0
\therefore\ \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(0)=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}
So, f is continuous at x = 0
From the above observations, it can be continuouse that f is continuous at every point of the real line.
Thus, f is a continuous function.
Q438. Verify the Rolle’s Theorem for the function \text{f(x)}=\text{e}^{\text{x}}\cos\text{x}\text{ in}\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]. 4 Marks
Ans: The given function is \text{f(x)}=\text{e}^{\text{x}}\cos\text{x}.

Since \cos\text{x} and ex are everywhere continuous and differentialbem f(x) being a product of these two is continuous on \Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big] and differentiable on \Big(-
\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big).
Also,
\text{f}\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)=\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)=0
Thus f(x) satisfies all the conditions of Rolle's theorem.
Now, we have to show that there exists \text{c}\in\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=0.
We have
\text{f(x)}=\text{e}^{\text{x}}\cos\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\text{e}^{\text{x}}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})
\therefore\text{f}'(\text{x})=0
\Rightarrow\text{e}^{\text{x}}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})=0
\Rightarrow\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}=0
Since \text{c}=\frac{\pi}{4}\in \Big(\frac{-\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=0.
Q439. Differentiate \sqrt{\tan\text{ x}} w.r.t. x from first principles. 4 Marks
Ans: \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\lim\limits_{\Delta\rightarrow0}\frac{\sqrt{\tan(\text{x +}\Delta\text{x})}-\sqrt{\tan\text{x}}}{\Delta\text{x}}

=\lim\limits_{\Delta\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{1}{\Big(\sqrt{\tan\text{( x + }\Delta\text{x})}+\sqrt{\tan\text{x}}\Big)}\cdot\frac{[\tan\text{(x +}\Delta\text{x})-\tan\text{x}]}{\Delta\text{x}}
=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\tan\text{x}}}\lim\limits_{\Delta\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\tan\text{(x +}\Delta\text{x - x})[1+\tan\text{ (x +}\Delta\text{x}).\tan\text{x}]}{\Delta\text{x}}
=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\tan\text{x}}}.1.(1+\tan^{2}\text{x})=\frac{\sec^{2}\text{x}}{2\sqrt{\tan\text{x}}}.
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sin2\text{x}\text{ on }\Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
Ans: The given function is \text{f}(\text{x})=\sin2\text{x}

Since, \sin2\text{x} is everywhere continuous and differentiable.
Therefore \sin2\text{x} is continuous on \Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big], and differentiable on \Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)
Also,
Now, we have to show that there exists \text{c}\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that f'(c) = 0.
We have
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=2\cos2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=0
Thus, \text{c}=\frac{\pi}{4}\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=0.
Hence, Rolle's theorem is verified .
Q441. If sin y = x sin (a + y), prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin^{2}\text{(a + y)}}{\sin\text{a}}. 4 Marks
Ans: \sin\text{y}=\text{x}\sin\text{ (a + y)}\Rightarrow\cos\text{y }\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sin\text{(a + y)}+\text{x}\cos\text{(a + y)}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}........\text{(i)}

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{sin (a + y)}}{\cos\text{ y - x }\cos\text{(a + y)}}
From (i), x = \frac{\sin\text{y}}{\sin\text{(a + y)}}\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{sin (a + y)}}{\cos\text{y}-\frac{\sin\text{y}}{\sin\text{(a + y)}}\cdot\cos\text{(a + y)}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin^{2}\text{(a + y)}}{\sin(\text{a + y - y)}}=\frac{\sin^{2}\text{(a + y)}}{\sin\text{a}}.
\text{x}\sin2\text{x}+5^{\text{x}}+\text{k}^\text{k}+(\tan^2\text{x})^3
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}\sin2\text{x}+5^{\text{x}}+\text{k}^\text{k}+(\tan^2\text{x})^3

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\text{x}\sin2\text{x}+5^{\text{x}}+\text{k}^\text{k}+(\tan^2\text{x})^3\big]
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\sin2\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(5^\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{k}^\text{k})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\tan^6\text{x}\big)
=\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin2\text{x})+\sin2\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big] \\ +5^\text{x}\log5+0+6\tan^5\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})
=\Big[\text{x}\cos2\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})+\sin2\text{x}\Big]+5^\text{x}\log5+6\tan^5\text{x}\sec^2\text{x}
=2\text{x}\cos2\text{x}+\sin2\text{x}+5^\text{x}\log5+6\tan^5\text{x}\sec^2\text{x}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}\sin2\text{x}+5^\text{x}+\text{k}^\text{k}+(\tan^2\text{x})^3\big) \\
=2\text{x}\cos2\text{x}+\sin2\text{x}+5^\text{x}\log5+6\tan^5\text{x}\sec^2\text{x}
\log(\text{cosec x}-\cot\text{x})
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\log(\text{cosec x}-\cot\text{x})

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\big(\text{cosec x}-\cot\text{x}\big)
=\frac{1}{(\text{cosec x}-\cot\text{x})}\times\big(-\text{cosec x}\cot\text{x}+\text{cosec}^2\text{x}\big)
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{(\text{cosec x}-\cot\text{x})}\times\big(-\text{cosec x}\cot\text{x}+\text{cosec}^2\text{x}\big)
=\frac{\text{cosec x}(\text{cosec x}-\cos\text{x})}{(\text{cosec x}-\cot\text{x})}
=\text{cosec x}
Hence, the solution is, \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\log(\text{cosec x}-\cot\text{x})\big)=\text{cosec x}
Q444. If \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\cos^2\text{x}-\sin^2\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-1},&\text{x}\neq0\\\text{k},&\text{x}=0\end{cases} is continuous at x = 0, find k. 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\cos^2\text{x}-\sin^2\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-1},&\text{x}\neq0\\\text{k},&\text{x}=0\end{cases}
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{\cos^2\text{x}-\sin^2\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-1}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{1-\sin^2\text{x}-\sin^2\text{x}-1}{{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-1}}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{-2\sin^2\text{x}}{{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-1}}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{-2(\sin^2\text{x})\big({\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+1}\big)}{\big({\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-1}\big)\big({\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+1}\big)}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{-2(\sin^2\text{x})\big({\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+1}\big)}{\text{x}^2}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow-2\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{(\sin^2\text{x})\big({\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+1}\big)}{\text{x}^2}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow-2\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big)^2\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\Big({\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-1}\Big)
\Rightarrow-2\times-1\times(1+1)=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\text{k}=-4
\text{y}=\text{x}^{\text{x}}+(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\text{x}^{\text{x}}+(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\log(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}
Differentiating with respect to x using chain rule and product rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}\big)
=\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{x})+\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\sin\text{x})
=\text{e}^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big] \\
+\text{e}^{\log(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]
=\text{x}^{\text{x}}\Big[\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}(1)\Big] \\ +(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\big]
=\text{x}^{\text{x}}\big[1+\log\text{x}\big]+(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}\Big[\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\Big)(\cos\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\Big]
=\text{x}^{\text{x}}\big[1+\log\text{x}\big]+(\sin\text{x})^\text{x}\big[\text{x}\cot\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}\big]
Q446. \text{Find} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \text{if (x}^{2} + \text{y}^2)^{2} = \text{xy.} 4 Marks
Ans: \text{(x}^{2} + \text{y}^{2})^{2} = \text{xy} \Rightarrow 2 \text{(x}^{2} + \text{y}^{2}) \bigg(\text{2x + 2y} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg) = \text{x} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} + \text{y}
\Rightarrow \text{4y} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\text{(x}^{2} + \text{y}^{2}) -\text{(x}^{2} + \text{y}^{2})- \text{x} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \text{y - 4x} \text{(x}^{2} + \text{y}^{2})
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{y - 4x}\text{(x}^{2} + \text{y}^{2})}{\text{4y}\text{(x}^{2} + \text{y}^{2}) - \text{x}}
4\text{x}+3\text{y}=\log\big(4\text{x}-3\text{y}\big)
Ans: We have, 4\text{x}+3\text{y}=\log\big(4\text{x}-3\text{y}\big)

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(4\text{x}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(3\text{y}\big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\log\big(4\text{x}-3\text{y}\big)\big\}
\Rightarrow4+3\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\big(4\text{x}-3\text{y}\big)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(4\text{x}-3\text{y}\big)
\Rightarrow4+3\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\big(4\text{x}-3\text{y}\big)}\Big(4-3\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)
\Rightarrow3\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{3}{\big(4\text{x}-3\text{y}\big)}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4}{\big(4\text{x}-3\text{y}\big)}-4
\Rightarrow3\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{1+\frac{1}{(4\text{x}-3\text{y})}\Big\}=4\Big\{\frac{1}{(4\text{x}-3\text{y})}-1\Big\}
\Rightarrow3\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\frac{4\text{x}-3\text{y}+1}{(4\text{x}+3\text{y})}\Big\}=4\Big\{\frac{1-4\text{x}-3\text{y}}{4\text{x}-3\text{y}}\Big\}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4}{3}\Big\{\frac{1-4\text{x}+3\text{y}}{(4\text{x}-3\text{y})}\Big\}\Big(\frac{4\text{x}-3\text{y}}{4\text{x}-3\text{y}+1}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4}{3}\Big(\frac{1-4\text{x}+3\text{y}}{4\text{x}-3\text{y}+1}\Big)
(x + y)2 = 2axy
Ans: We Have, (x + y)2 = 2axy

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}+\text{y}\big)^2=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(2\text{axy}\big)
\Rightarrow2(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})=2\text{a}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow2(\text{x}+\text{y})\Big[1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]=2\text{a}\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}(1)\Big]
\Rightarrow2(\text{x}+\text{y})+2(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{a}\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\text{ay}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big[2(\text{x}+\text{y})-2\text{a}\text{x}\big]=2\text{ay}-2(\text{x}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2[\text{ay}-\text{x}-\text{y}]}{2[\text{x}+\text{y}-\text{a}\text{x}]}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\frac{\text{ay}-\text{x}-\text{y}}{\text{x}+\text{y}-\text{a}\text{x}}\Big)
\text{f}(\text{x})=\cos2{\text{x}}\text{ on }[0,\pi]
Ans: Here
\text{f}(\text{x})=\cos2{\text{x}}\text{ on }[0,\pi]
We know that, cosine function is continuous and differentiable every where, so f(x) is continuous is [0,\pi] and differentiable is (0,\pi).
Now,
\text{f}(0)=\cos0=1
\text{f}(\pi)=\cos(2\pi)=1
So, Rolle's theorem is applicable, so there must exist a point \text{c}\in(0,\pi) such that f'(c) = 0.
Now,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\cos2\text{x}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=-2\sin2\text{x}
So, \text{f}'(\text{c})=0
\Rightarrow-2\sin2\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow\sin2\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow2\text{c}=0 or 2\text{c}=\pi
\Rightarrow\text{c}=0 or \text{c}=\frac{\pi}{2}\in(0,\pi)
\text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\theta+\theta\sin\theta) and \text{y}=\text{a}(\sin\theta-\theta\sin\theta-\theta\cos\theta)
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\theta+\theta\sin\theta) and \text{y}=\text{a}(\sin\theta-\theta\sin\theta-\theta\cos\theta)

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Big[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\cos\theta+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\theta\sin\theta)\Big] and
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Big[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\sin\theta-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\theta\cos\theta)\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Big[-\sin\theta+\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sin\theta)+\sin\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\theta)\Big] and
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Big[\cos\theta-\left\{\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\cos\theta)+\cos\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\theta)\right\}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\big[-\sin\theta+\theta\cos\theta\big] and
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\big[\cos\theta+\theta\sin\theta-\cos\theta\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\theta\cos\theta and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\theta\sin\theta
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{\text{a}\theta\sin\theta}{\text{a}\theta\cos\theta}=\tan\theta
\cos^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big\},-\frac{\pi}{4}<\text{x}<\frac{\pi}{4}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\frac{\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{x}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big\}

\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\cos\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)+\sin\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)\Big\}
=\cos^{-1}\Big\{\cos\text{x}\cos\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)+\sin\text{x}\sin\text{x}\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)\Big\}
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big[\cos\Big(\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)\Big]
Here, -\frac{\pi}{4}<\text{x}<\frac{\pi}{4}
\Rightarrow\ \Big(-\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)<\Big(\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)<\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)
\Rightarrow-\frac{\pi}{2}<\Big(\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)<0
\text{y}=-\Big(\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)
\Big[\text{Since}, \cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)=-\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in [-\pi, 0]\Big]
\text{y}=-\text{x}+\frac{\pi}{4}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-1
\text{x}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log\text{x}^{\frac{1}{\text{x}}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log\text{x}\ \big[\because\log\text{a}^{\text{b}}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^{-1}\big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}(\log\text{x})\times\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}-\frac{\log\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(1-\log\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big[\frac{1-\log\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big]
Q453. Prove that the function 4 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x|+2}\text{x}^2}, &\text{ x}\neq0\\\text{k}, &\text{ x}=0\end{cases}
remains discontinuous at x = 0, regardless the choice of k.
Ans: The given function can be rewritten as,

\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}+2\text{x}^2}, & \text{x} > 0\\\frac{-\text{x}}{\text{x}-2\text{x}^2}, &\text{x} <0\\ \text{k},&\text{x}=0\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2\text{x}+1}, &\text{x} > 0\\\frac{1}{2\text{x}-1}, & \text{x} <0\\\text{k},&\text{x} =0\end{cases}
We observe
\text{(LHL at x}=0)\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0-\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(-\text{h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1}{-2\text{h}-1}=-1
\text{(RHL at x}=0)\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0+\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(\text{h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1}{2\text{h}+1}=1
So,=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}\neq\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)} Such that
=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}\&\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}
are independent of k.
Thus, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0,
regardless of the choice of k.
Q454. Find the derivative of sin (3x + 2) w.r.t. x from first principle. 4 Marks
Ans: \frac{\Delta\text{y}}{\Delta\text{x}}=\frac{\sin(\text{3x + 3} \Delta\text{x}+2)-\sin(\text{3x + 2})}{\Delta\text{x}}

\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\lim_{\Delta\text{x} \to 0}\cdot\frac{2\cos\Bigg[\text{3x + 2 +}\frac{3\Delta\text{x}}{2}\Bigg]\sin\Bigg(3\frac{\Delta\text{x}}{2}\Bigg)}{\Delta\text{x}}
=2\cos(\text{ 3x + 2})\cdot\lim_{\Delta\text{x} \to 0}\frac{\sin\Big(3\frac{\Delta\text{x}}{2}\Big)}{3\frac{\Delta\text{x}}{2}}\cdot\frac{3}{2}
= 3 cos (3x + 2).
Q455. If \text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big) and \text{v}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big), where -1 < x < 1 then write the value of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big) and \text{v}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^3}\Big)

We know, \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}
Using the chain rule of differentiation,
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)^2}\cdot\frac{(1+\text{x}^2)\cdot(2\text{x})'-(1+\text{x}^2)'\cdot(2\text{x})}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
=\frac{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2+(2\text{x})^2}\cdot\frac{2(1+\text{x}^2)-(2\text{x})(2\text{x})}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
=\frac{2(1-\text{x}^2)}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2+(2\text{x})^2}
Using Chain Rule of Differentiation,
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}\cdot\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dv}}
=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}\cdot\frac{(1+\text{x}^2)^2+(2\text{x})^2}{2(1-\text{x})^2}
=\frac{(1+\text{x}^2)^2+(2\text{x})^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)(1-\text{x}^2)}
Dividing numerator and denominator by (1 + x2)2,
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{1+\big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\big)}{\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}}
=\frac{1+\sin^2\text{u}}{\cos\text{u}}
=\sec\text{u}(1+\tan\text{u})
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg)
Ans: The given relationship is \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Big)

\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Big)
\Rightarrow \sin\text{y}=\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}
Differenting this relationship with respect to x, we obtain
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\cos\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Big) ...(\text{i})
The function\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}, is of the from of \frac{\text{u}}{\text{v}}.
Therefore, by quotient rule, we obtain
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Big)=\frac{(1+\text{x}^{2}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})-2\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1 +\text{x}^{2})}{(1
+\text{x}^{2})^2}
=\frac{(1+\text{x}^{2}).2-2\text{x}.[0+2\text{x}]}{(1 +\text{x}^{2})^2}=\frac{2 + 2\text{x}^{2}-4\text{x}^{2}}{(1 +\text{x}^{2})^2}=\frac{2(1-\text{x}^{2})}{(1+\text{x}^{2})^2} ...(\text{ii})
Also, \sin\text{y}=\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}
\Rightarrow\cos\text{y}=\sqrt{1-\sin^{2}\text{y}}=\sqrt{1-\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Big)^2}=\sqrt{\frac{(1+ \text{x}^{2})^2-4\text{x}^{2}}{(1 +\text{x}^{2})^{2}}}
=\sqrt{\frac{1+\text{x}^4+2\text{x}^2-4\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{(1-\text{x}^2)^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}
=\sqrt{\frac{(1- \text{x}^{2})^{2}}{(1 +\text{x}^{2})^{2}}}=\frac{1-\text{x}^{2}}{1+\text{x}^{2}} ...\text{(iii)}
Form(1), (2), and (3), we obtain
\frac{1-\text{x}^{2}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\times\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2(1-\text{x}^{2})}{(1 +\text{x}^{2})^{2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^{2}}
\text{x}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta) and \text{y}=\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)
Ans: Here, \text{x}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta)

Differentiating it with respect to \theta
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta).....(\text{i})
And, \text{y}=\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta)
and
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\sin\theta...(\text{ii})
Using equation (i) and (ii),
=\frac{\text{a}\sin\theta}{\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)}
=\frac{\frac{2\sin\theta}{2}\frac{\cos\theta}{2}}{\frac{2\sin^{2}\theta}{2}}, \begin{Bmatrix} \text{Since, }1-\cos\theta=\frac{2\sin^{2\theta}}{2}\\\frac{2\sin\theta}{2}\frac{\cos\theta}
{2}=\sin\theta \end{Bmatrix}
=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\tan}{2}
f(x) = 2x - x2 on [0, 1]
Ans: We have,
f(x) = 2x - x2
Therefore, f(x) is continuous on 0, 1 and differentiable on 0,1
Thus, both conditions of Lagrange's mean value theorem are satisfied.
So, there must exist at least one real number \text{c}\in0,1 such that
Now,
f(x) = 2x - x2
⇒ f'(x) = 2 - 2x,
⇒ f(1) = 2 - 1
⇒ f(1) = 1,
⇒ f(0) = 0
\Rightarrow2-2\text{x}=\frac{1-0}{1}
\Rightarrow-2\text{x}=1-2
\sqrt{\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sqrt{\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\Big({\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}}\Big)^\frac{1}{2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big({\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}}\Big)^\frac{1}{2}
=\frac{1}{2}\Big({\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}-1}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}\Big)
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{2}\Big({\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}\times\Bigg\{\frac{\big(\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2\big)\frac{\text{a}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{a}^2-
\text{x}^2\big)-\big(\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2)}{\big(\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2\big)}\Bigg\}
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{2}\Big({\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}\Bigg\{\frac{-2\text{x}\big(\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2\big)-2\text{x}\big(\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2\big)}
{\big(\text{a}^2+\text{a}^2\big)^2}\Bigg\}
=\frac{1}{2}\Big({\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}\bigg\{\frac{-2\text{xa}^2-2\text{x}^3-2\text{xa}^2+2\text{x}^3}
{\big(\text{a}^2+\text{a}^2\big)^2}\bigg\}
=\frac{1}{2}\Big({\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}\Bigg(\frac{-4\text{xa}^2}{\big(\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2\big)^3}\Bigg)
=\frac{-2\text{xa}^2}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}\big(\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2\big)^{\frac{3}{2}}}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\bigg(\sqrt{\frac{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}}\bigg)=\frac{-2\text{xa}^2}{\sqrt{\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2}\big(\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2\big)^{\frac{3}{2}}}
\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+2)^3}
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+2)^3}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(\text{x}^2+2)^3\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x})-\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+2)^3}
{\big[(\text{x}^2+2)^3\big]^2}
=\frac{(\text{x}^2+2)^3[\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{xe}^\text{x}]-\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}3(\text{x}^2+2)^2(2\text{x})}{(\text{x}^2+2)^6}
=\frac{(\text{x}^2+2)^3[\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{xe}^\text{x}]-6\text{xe}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}(\text{x}^2+2)^2}{(\text{x}^2+2)^6}
=\frac{(\text{x}^2+2)^2\big[(\text{x}^2+2)(\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}+\sin\text{xe}^\text{x})-6\text{xe}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+2)^6}
=\frac{\text{x}^2\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}+\text{x}^2\sin\text{xe}^\text{x}+2\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}+2\sin\text{xe}^\text{x}-6\text{xe}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+2)^4}
=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+2)^3}+\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+2)^3}-\frac{6\text{xe}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+2)^4}
Therefore,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+2)^3}+\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+2)^3}-\frac{6\text{xe}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2+2)^4}
Q461. If \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{a}\cos^{-1}\text{x}}, -1<\text{x}<1, then show that (1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{a}^2\text{y}=0. 4 Marks
Ans: It is given that, \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{a}\cos^{-1}\text{x}}

\log\text{y}={\text{a}\cos^{-1}\text{x}}\log\text{e}
\log\text{y}={\text{a}\cos^{-1}\text{x}}
Differentiating both side with respect to x, we obtain
\frac{1}{2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{a}\times\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{ay}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
By squraing both the sides, we obtain
\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=\frac{\text{a}^2\text{y}^2}{{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow(1-\text{x}^2)\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=\text{a}^2\text{y}^2
(1-\text{x}^2)\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2=\text{a}^2\text{y}^2
Again differentiating both sides with respect to x, we obtain
\bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}^2)+(1-\text{x}^2)\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Bigg[\bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}\bigg)^2\Bigg]=\text{a}^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}^2)
\Rightarrow\bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^2(-2\text{x})+(1-\text{x}^2)\times2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}.\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{a}^2.2\text{y}.\frac{\text{dx}}
{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+(1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{a}^2.\text{y} \Big[\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\neq0\Big]
\Rightarrow(1-\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{a}^2\text{y}=0
Hence, Proved.
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}\text{ on }\Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
Ans: The given function is \text{f}(\text{x})=\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}

Since, \sin\text{x} and \cos\text{x} are everywhere differentiable and continuous,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x} is continuous on \Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big] and differentiable on \Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)
Also,
Now, we have show that there must exists \text{c}\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that f'(c) = 0.
We have
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}
\Rightarrow\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}=0
Thus, \text{c}=0\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that f'(c) = 0.
Q463. If \text{x}^\text{m}.\text{y}^\text{n}=(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}}, prove that: 4 Marks
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}
Ans: We have,
\text{x}^\text{m}.\text{y}^\text{n}=(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}}\ \ \dots(\text{i})
Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^\text{m}.\text{y}^\text{n})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}^\text{m}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dy}}\text{y}^\text{n}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^\text{n}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}^\text{m} =(\text{m}+\text{n})
(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}-1}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}^\text{m}.\text{ny}^{\text{n}-1}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^\text{n}.\text{mx}^{\text{m}-1} =(\text{m}+\text{n})
(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}-1}\Big(1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big[\text{x}^\text{m}.\text{ny}^{\text{n}-1}-(\text{m}+\text{n}).(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}-1}\big] =(\text{m}+\text{n})
(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}-1}-\text{y}^\text{n}\text{mx}^{\text{m}-1}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big[\text{nx}^\text{m}\text{y}^{\text{n}-1}-(\text{m}+\text{n})(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}-1}\big] =(\text{m}+\text{n}
(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}-1}-\frac{\text{y}^{\text{n}-1}.\text{y}.\text{mx}^{\text{m}-1}}{\text{x}}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{(\text{m}+\text{n})(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}}}{(\text{x}-\text{y})}-\frac{\text{y}^{\text{n}-1}.\text{y}.\text{mx}^\text{m}}
{\text{x}}}{\frac{\text{nx}^\text{m}\text{y}^\text{n}}{\text{y}}-(\text{m}+\text{n})(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}}\frac{1}{(\text{x}+\text{y})}}
=\frac{\frac{\text{x}(\text{m}+\text{n})(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}}-(\text{x}+\text{y}).\text{y}.^{\text{n}-1}\text{y}.\text{mx}^\text{m}}{(\text{x}+\text{y}).\text{x}}}
{\frac{(\text{x}+\text{y})\text{nx}^\text{m}\text{y}^\text{n}-\text{y}(\text{m}+\text{n})(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}}}{(\text{x}+\text{y}).\text{y}}}
=\frac{\frac{\text{x}(\text{m}+\text{n})\text{x}^\text{m}.\text{y}^\text{n}-\text{m}(\text{x}+\text{y})\text{y}^\text{n}\text{x}^\text{m}}{(\text{x}+\text{y}).\text{x}}}
{\frac{(\text{x}+\text{y})\text{nx}^\text{m}.\text{y}^\text{n}-\text{y}(\text{m}+\text{n}).\text{x}^\text{m}.\text{y}^\text{n}}
{(\text{x}+\text{y}).\text{y}}} \big[\because(\text{x}+\text{y})^{\text{m}+\text{n}}=\text{x}^\text{m}.\text{y}^\text{n}\big]
=\frac{\text{x}^\text{m}\text{y}^\text{n}[\text{mx}+\text{nx}-\text{mx}-\text{my}].(\text{x}+\text{y})\text{y}}{\text{x}^\text{m}\text{y}^\text{n}[\text{nx}+\text{ny}-\text{my}-\text{ny}].
(\text{x}+\text{y})\text{x}}
=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\ \ \dots(\text{i})
Hence proved.
Q464. A ladder 13m long is leaning against a vertical wall. The bottom of the ladder is dragged away from the wall along the ground at the rate of 2cm/sec. How fast is the height on the wall 4 Marks
decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 5m away from the wall?
Ans:
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=2\text{cm}/\text{sec}
\text{y}=\sqrt{169-\text{x}^2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=-\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{169-\text{x}^2}}\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}
\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)_\text{x=5}=\frac{-5}{6}\text{cm}/\text{sec}
Hence height is decreasing at the rate \frac{5}{6}\text{cm}/\text{sec}
Q465. If \text{y}=\sin\Big[2\tan^{-1}\Big\{\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}}\Big\}\Big], find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{y}=\sin\Big[2\tan^{-1}\Big[\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}}\Big]\Big]

Put, \text{x}=\cos2\theta, \text{So},
\text{y}=\sin\Big[2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos2\theta}{1+\cos2\theta}}\Big]
=\sin\Big[2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\frac{2\sin^2\theta}{2\cos^2\theta}}\Big]
=\sin\big[2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\tan^2\theta}\big]
=\sin\big[2\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)\big]
=\sin{2\theta}
=\sin\Big[2\times\frac{1}{2}\cos^{-1}\text{x}\Big]\ \big[\text{Since, x}=\cos2\theta\big]
=\sin\big(\sin^{-1}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\big)
\text{y}=\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}^2)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}(-2\text{x})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
Q466. If \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}-4}{\text{|x}-4|}+\text{a}, &\text{if x} <4\\\text{a}+\text{b},&\text{if x}=4\\\frac{\text{x}-4}{\text{|x}-4|}+\text{b}, & \text{if x}>4\end{cases} is 4 Marks
continuous at x = 4. Find a, b.
Ans: Given,
f(x) is continuous at x = 4 & f(4) = a + b
For f(x) to be continuous at x = 4, f(4)- = f(4)+ = f(4)
\text{L.H.L}=\text{f(4)}^-=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 4}\frac{\text{x}-4}{|\text{x}-4|}+\text{a}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(4-\text{h})-4}{|(4-\text{h})-4|}+\text{a}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(4-\text{h}-4)}{|(4-\text{h}-4)|}+\text{a}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(-\text{h})}{|(-\text{h})|}+\text{a}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(-\text{h})}{\text{h}}+\text{a}
\Rightarrow\text{a}-1
\text{L.H.L}=\text{f(4)}^+=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{x}-4}{|\text{x}-4|}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(4+\text{h})-4}{|(4+\text{h})-4|}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{4+\text{h}-4}{|4+\text{h}-4|}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{h}}{|\text{h}|}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1}{|1|}
\Rightarrow1
Since, f(x) is is continuous at x = 4 & f(4) = a + b
\text{f(4)}^-=\text{f(4)}^+=\text{f(4)}
\therefore\ \text{a}-1=\text{a}+\text{b}=1
\Rightarrow\text{a}-1=1
\Rightarrow\text{a}=2
\Rightarrow\text{a}+\text{b}=1
\Rightarrow\text{b}=1-2
\Rightarrow\text{b}=-1
Q467. If \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}}+\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}}+\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}}}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}} 4 Marks
{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}}\times\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}\Big\{\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}
{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big\}+\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}}\times\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\Big\{\frac{1}
{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{x}\times\log\text{x}\Big\}+\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{x}^\text{e}}}\text{x}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}}}\times\text{x}^{\text{e}-1}\Big\{\text{x}+\text{e}\log\text{x}\Big\}
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}}+\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}}+\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}}}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{u}+\text{v}+\text{w}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}\ .....(\text{i})
Where \text{u}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}},\text{v}=\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}}\text{ and w}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}}}}
Now, \text{u}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}}\ .....(\text{ii})
\log\text{u}=\log\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\text{x}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\log\text{e}
\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\text{x}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\ .....(\text{iii})
Taking \log on both sides,
\log\log\text{u}=\log\text{x}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\log\log\text{u}=\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\log\text{u}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{u})=\text{e}^\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\log\text{u}}\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\log\text{u}\Big[\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}}\times\text{x}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big]\ .....
(\text{A})
[Using equation (ii) and (iii)]
Now, \text{v}=\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}}\ .....(\text{iv})
\log\text{v}=\log\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{v}=\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\big)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)+\log\text{xe}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{v}\Big[\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)+\log\text{xe}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\text{e}^\text{x}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}}\times\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big]\ .....(\text{B})
[Using equation (4)]
Now, \text{w}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}}}}\ .....(\text{v})
Taking log on sides,
\log\text{w}=\log\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}}}}
\Rightarrow\log\text{w}=\text{x}^{\text{x}^\text{e}}\log\text{e}
\Rightarrow\log\text{w}=\text{x}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}}}\ .....(\text{vi})
\log\log\text{w}=\log\text{x}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}}}
\Rightarrow\log\log\text{w}=\text{x}^{\text{e}}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\log\text{w}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}} (\log\text{w})=\text{x}^\text{e}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^\text{e})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\log\text{w}}\big(\frac{1}{\text{w}}\big)\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{e}}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)\log\text{xex}^{\text{e}-1}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}=\text{w}\log\text{w}\big[\text{x}^{\text{e}-1}+\text{e}\log\text{xx}^{\text{e}-1}\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{x}^\text{e}}}\text{x}^{\text{x}^\text{e}}\text{x}^{\text{e}-1}(1+\text{e}\log\text{x})\ .....(\text{C})
Using equation (A), (B) and (C) in equation (i), we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}}\times\text{x}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big] +
\text{e}^{\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}}\times\text{e}^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big] +
\text{e}^{\text{x}^{\text{x}^\text{e}}}\text{x}^{\text{x}^\text{e}}\text{x}^{\text{e}-1}(1+\text{e}\log\text{x})
\text{f(x)}=\sin\text{x}-\sin2\text{x in }[0,\pi].
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\sin\text{x}-\sin2\text{x in }[0,\pi]

1. Since, we know that sine functions are continuous functions hence
\text{f(x)}=\sin\text{x}-\sin2\text{x} is a continuous function in [0,\pi].
2. \text{f}'(\text{x})=\cos\text{x}-\cos2\text{x}.2=\cos\text{x}-2\cos2\text{x}, which exists in (0,\pi)
So, f(x) is differentiable in (0,\pi). Continuous of mean value theorem are satisfied.
Hence, \exists\text{ c}\in(0,\pi) such that, \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(\pi)-\text{f}(0)}{\pi-0}
\Rightarrow\ \cos\text{c}-2\cos2\text{c}=\frac{\sin\pi-\sin2\pi-\sin0+\sin2.0}{\pi-0}
\Rightarrow\ 2\cos2\text{c}-\cos\text{c}=\frac{0}{\pi}
\Rightarrow\ 2.(2\cos^2\text{c}-1)-\cos\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow\ 4\cos^2\text{c}-2-\cos\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow\ 4\cos^2\text{c}-\cos\text{c}-2=0
\Rightarrow\ \cos\text{c}=\frac{1\pm\sqrt{1+32}}{8}=\frac{1\pm\sqrt{33}}{8}
\therefore\ \text{c}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1\pm\sqrt{33}}{8}\Big)
Also, \cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1\pm\sqrt{33}}{8}\Big)\in(0,\pi)
Q469. If \text{x}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta), prove that 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{x}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta),
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=-\text{a}\sin\theta\ \text{and}\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}+\text{a}\cos\theta
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{a}+\text{a}\cos\theta}{-\text{a}\sin\theta}=\frac{1+\cos\theta}{-\sin\theta}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big\{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big\}\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\Big\{\frac{-\sin\theta\cos\theta-\cos^2\theta}{\sin^2\theta}\Big\}\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}
=\frac{1+\cos\theta}{\sin^2\theta}\times\frac{-1}{\sin^2\theta}
\frac{-(1+\cos\theta)}{\sin^3\theta}
At \theta=\frac{\pi}{2}:\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-(1+\cos\frac{\pi}{2})}{\text{a}(\sin\frac{\pi}{2})^3}=\frac{-1}{\text{a}}
\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{f(x)}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2^{\text{x}+1}}{1+4^\text{x}}\Big)

To find the domain, we need to find all x such that
-1\leq\frac{2^{\text{x}+1}}{1+4^\text{x}}\leq1
Since the quantity in the middle is always psitive, we need to find all x such that \frac{2^{\text{x}+1}}{1+4^\text{x}}\leq1
i.e. all x such that 2^{\text{x}+1}\leq1+4^\text{x}
We may req. write as 2\leq\frac{1}{2^\text{x}}+2^\text{x}, which is true for all x
Hence, the function is defined at all real numbers.
Putting 2^\text{x}=\tan\theta
\text{f(x)}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2^{\text{x}+1}}{1+4^\text{x}}\Big)=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2^\text{x}.2}{1+(2^\text{x})^2}\Big)
=\sin^{-1}\Big[\frac{2\tan\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta}\Big]=\sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)=2\theta=2\tan^{-1}(2^\text{x})
Thus, \text{f(x)}=2\frac{1}{1+(2^\text{x})^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2^\text{x})
=\frac{2}{1+4^\text{x}}(2^\text{x})\log2=\frac{2^{\text{x}+1}\log2}{1+4^\text{x}}
Differential at x = 0, if m > 1
Ans: Let m = 2, then the function \text{f(x)}=\begin{Bmatrix}\text{x}^2\sin(\frac{1}{\text{x}}) &\text{x}\neq0 \\0 & \text{x}=0 \end{Bmatrix}
Differentiability at x = 0:
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f(0)}}{\text{x}-0}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f(x)}}
{\text{x}}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{x}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)=0.
\big[\therefore\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{x}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\text{x}=0, as
\begin{vmatrix}\text{x}\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}-0\end{vmatrix}=\begin{vmatrix}\text{x}\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}} \end{vmatrix}=\begin{vmatrix}\text{x} \end{vmatrix}\begin{vmatrix}\sin\frac{1}
{\text{x}} \end{vmatrix} \leq\begin{vmatrix}\text{x}\end{vmatrix}
\because\ |\sin\theta|\leq1\ \text{for all }\theta
Hence, \begin{vmatrix}\text{x}\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}} \end{vmatrix}<0\ \text{when}\ |\text{x-0}|<\epsilon|\text{x}-0|<\epsilon\big]
Therefore, f'(x) = 0, which means f is differentiable at x = 0.
Hence the given function is differentiable at x = 0.
Q472. If \text{f(x)}=\sqrt{\text{x}^2+9}, Write the value of \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(4)}{\text{x}-4}. 4 Marks
Ans: Given: \text{f(x)}=\text{x}^2+9

Now,
\text{f}(4)=\sqrt{16+9}
=\sqrt{25}
=5
So,
\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(4)}{\text{x}-4}=\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+9-5}}{\text{x}-4}
On rationalising the numeratore, we get
\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(4)}{\text{x}-4}
=\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+9-5}}{\text{x}-4}\times\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+9}+5}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+9}+5}
=\frac{\text{x}^2+9-25}{(\text{x}-4)(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+9+5})}
=\frac{\text{x}^2-16}{(\text{x}-4)(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+9+5})}
=\frac{\text{x}+4}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+9+5}}
Taking limit x → 4, we have
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(4)}{\text{x}-4}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4}\frac{\text{x}+4}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+9+5}}
=\frac{8}{10}
=\frac{4}{5}
Q473. If \text{y}=(\cos\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}^{\cos\text{x}^{.....\infty}}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}^2\tan\text{x}}{(1-\text{y}\log\cos\text{x})} 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=(\cos\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}^{\cos\text{x}^{.....\infty}}}
\text{y}=(\cos\text{x})^\text{y}
\log\text{y}=\log(\cos\text{x})^\text{y}
\log\text{y}=\text{y}\log(\cos\text{x}),\big\{\text{Since},\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big\}
Differentiating it with resepect to x using product rule and chain rule,
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\cos\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big(\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{y}}-\log\cos\text{x}\Big)=\frac{\text{y}}{\cos\text{x}}(-\sin\text{x})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1-\log\cos\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big)=-\text{y}\tan\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}^2\tan\text{x}}{(1-\log\cos\text{x})}
\text{y}=\sec^{-1}\bigg(\frac{1}{2\text{x}^{2}-1}\bigg), 0<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
Ans: The given relationship is,\text{y}=\sec^{-1}\bigg(\frac{1}{2\text{x}^{2}-1}\bigg)

\text{y}=\sec^{-1}\bigg(\frac{1}{2\text{x}^{2}-1}\bigg)
\Rightarrow\sec\text{y}=\frac{1}{2\text{x}^{2}-1}
\Rightarrow\cos\text{y}=2\text{x}^{2}-1
\Rightarrow2\text{x}^{2}=1+\cos\text{y}
\Rightarrow2\text{x}^{2}=2\cos^{2}\frac{\text{y}}{2}
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\cos\frac{\text{y}}{2}
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\bigg(\cos\frac{\text{y}}{2}\bigg)
\Rightarrow1=-\sin\frac{\text{y}}{2}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\bigg(\frac{\text{y}}{2}\bigg)
\Rightarrow \frac{-1}{\sin\frac{\text{y}}{2}}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2}{\sin\frac{\text{y}}{2}}=\frac{-2}{\sqrt{1-\cos^{2}\frac{\text{y}}{2}}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}
Q475. \text{If} x = \text{a } \sin \text{ 2t}(1 + \cos\text{2t}) \text{ and }y = \text{b}\cos\text{2t}(1- \cos \text{2t}), \text{find }\frac{dy}{dx} \text{ at t} = \frac{\pi}{4} 4 Marks
Ans: \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}} = \text{2a } \cos \text{2t}(1 + \cos \text{2t}) - \text{2a } \sin \text{ 2t} \sin \text{ 2t}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}} = \text{-2b} \sin \text{2t} (1 - \cos \text{2t}) + \text{2b} \cos \text{ 2t} \sin \text{ 2t}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg]_{\text{t} = \frac{\pi}{4}} = \frac{\text{2b}\cos \text{2t}.\sin \text{2t - 2b}\sin \text{2t}(1 - \cos \text{2t})}{\text{2a } \cos \text{2t}(1 + \cos \text{2t}) - \text{2a
} \sin \text{ 2t} \sin \text{ 2t}}\bigg]_{\text{t} = \frac{\pi}{4}} = \frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}
Q476. If \text{x}^\text{y}-\text{y}^\text{x}=\text{a}^\text{b}, find =\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: The given function is \text{x}^\text{y}-\text{y}^x=\text{a}^\text{b}

Let \text{x}^\text{y}=\text{u} and \text{y}^\text{x}=\text{v}
Then, the function becomes \text{u}-\text{v}=\text{a}^\text{b}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=0\ \dots(1)
\text{u}=\text{x}^\text{y}
\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\log(\text{x}^\text{y})
\Rightarrow\log\text{u}=\text{y}\log\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{u}}.\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big[\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\text{y}\Big(\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)\ \dots(2)
\text{v}=\text{y}^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\log\text{v}=\log(\text{y}^\text{x})
\Rightarrow\log\text{v}=\text{x}\log\text{y}
\frac{1}{\text{v}}.\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\log\text{y}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{y})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{v}\Big(\log\text{y}.1+\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{y}}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}^\text{x}\Big(\log\text{y}+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)\ \dots(3)
\text{x}^\text{y}\Big(\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)-\text{y}^\text{x}\Big(\log\text{y}+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{x}\text{y}^{\text{x}-1}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}\text{y}-\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}=0
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{x}-\text{xy}^{\text{x}-1})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}-\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}-\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}\text{y}}{(\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{x}-\text{xy}^{\text{x}-1})}
Q477. If y = \log\bigg[\text{x+}\sqrt{\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}}\bigg],\text {show that } (\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2})\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} + \text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = 0. 4 Marks
Ans: Given y = \log\bigg[\text{x} +\sqrt{\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}}\bigg]

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} =\frac{1}{\text{x} + \sqrt{\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}}}.\bigg[1+ \frac{2\text{x}}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}}}\bigg]\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{x} + \sqrt{\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}}}{\bigg(\text{x} + \sqrt{\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}}\bigg)\bigg(\sqrt{\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}}\bigg)}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}}}
Differentiating again w.r.t. x we get
\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} = -\frac{1}{2}(\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2})^{-\frac{3}{2}}.2\text{x} = \frac{-\text{x}}{(\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2})^{\frac{3}{2}}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} =\frac{-\text{x}}{(\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}).\sqrt{\text{x}^{2} +\text{a}^{2}}}\Rightarrow(\text{x}^{2} +
\text{a}^{2})\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} = -\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}}}
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^{2} + \text{a}^{2}) \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} +\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = 0 . [from (i)].
Q478. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} of the functions given in Exercise: 4 Marks
(\cos\text{x})^\text{y}=(\cos\text{y})^\text{x}
Ans: Given: (\cos\text{x})^\text{y}=(\cos\text{y})^\text{x}\ \Rightarrow\ \log(\cos\text{x})^\text{y}=\log(\cos\text{y})^\text{x}

\Rightarrow\ \text{y}\log\cos\text{x}=\text{x}\log\cos\text{y}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}\log\cos\text{x})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\cos\text{y})
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\cos\text{x}+\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\cos\text{y}+\log\cos\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}+\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{1}{\cos\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\cos\text{y}+\log\cos\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}(-\sin\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{1}{\cos\text{y}}\Big(-\sin\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}\Big)+\log\cos\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ -\text{y}\tan\text{x}+\log\cos\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{x}\tan\text{y}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\cos\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}\tan\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\cos\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\tan\text{x}+\log\cos\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\tan\text{y}+\log\cos\text{x})=\text{y}\tan\text{x}+\log\cos\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}\tan\text{x}+\log\cos\text{y}}{\text{x}\tan\text{y}+\log\cos\text{x}}
Q479. Find the value of a and b so that the function f given by \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}1,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq3\\\text{ax}+\text{b},&\text{if }3<\text{x}<5\\7,&\text{if }\text{ 4 Marks
x}\geq5\end{cases} is continuous x = 3 and x = 5.
Ans: Given,
We have,
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(3-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(1)=1
(\text{RHL at x}= 3)=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow3+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(3+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{a}(3+\text{h})+\text{b}=3\text{a}+\text{b}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{a}(5-\text{h})+\text{b})=5\text{a}+\text{b}
(\text{RHL at x}= 5)=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow5+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(5+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}7=7
If f(x) is continuous at x = 3 and 5, then
\therefore\
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow3^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow3^+}\text{f(x)} and \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow5^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow5^+}\text{f(x)}
\Rightarrow1=3\text{a}+\text{b}\ .... (\text{i}) and 5\text{a}+\text{b}=7\ .... (\text{ii})
On solving eqs. (i) and (ii) we get
\text{a}=3 and \text{b}=-8
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}(\text{x}-1)\tan\frac{\pi\text{x}}{2},&\text{if}\text{ x}\neq1\\\text{k},&\text{if}\text{ x}=1\end{cases}\text{at x} = 1
Ans: Let \text{x}-1=\text{y}

\Rightarrow\text{x}=\text{y}+1
Thus,
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 1}(\text{x}-1)\tan\frac{\pi\text{x}}{2}=\lim_\limits{\text{y}\rightarrow0}\text{y}\tan\frac{\pi(\text{y}+1)}{2}
=\lim_\limits{\text{y}\rightarrow0}\text{y}\tan\Big(\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}+\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)
=-\lim_\limits{\text{y}\rightarrow0}\text{y}\cot\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}
=-\lim_\limits{\text{y}\rightarrow0}\text{y}\frac{\cot\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}}{\sin\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}}
=-\lim_\limits{\text{y}\rightarrow0}\text{y}\frac{\cot\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}}{\frac{\Big(\sin\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}\Big)\frac{\pi}{2}}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}
=-\lim_\limits{\text{y}\rightarrow0}\frac{\cot\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}}{\frac{\Big(\sin\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}\Big)\frac{\pi}{2}}{\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}}}
=-\lim_\limits{\text{y}\rightarrow0}\frac{2}{\pi}\frac{\cot\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}}{\frac{\Big(\sin\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}\Big)\frac{\pi}{2}}{\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}}}
=-\frac{2}{\pi}\lim_\limits{\text{y}\rightarrow0}\cos\frac{\pi\text{y}}{2}
=-\frac{2}{\pi}
Since the function is continuous, LHL = RHL.
Thus, \text{k}=-\frac{2}{\pi}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}|\text{x}|\cos\frac{1}{\text{x}},&\text{if x}\neq0\\0,&\text{if x}=0\end{cases}
at x = 0
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}|\text{x}|\cos\frac{1}{\text{x}},&\text{if x}\neq0\\0,&\text{if x}=0\end{cases} at x = 0

At x = 0, \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}|\text{x}|\cos\frac{1}{\text{x}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}|0-\text{h}|\cos\frac{1}{0-\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{h}\cos\frac{1}{\text{h}}
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}|\text{x}|\cos\frac{1}{\text{x}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}|0+\text{h}|\cos\frac{1}{0+\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{h}\cos\frac{1}{\text{h}}
Also f(0) = 0 (given)
Thus, L.H.L = R.H.L = f(0)
Q482. Differentiate the following with respect to x: 4 Marks
\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cot^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}\Big)

Put \text{x}=\tan\theta,\text{ So}
\text{y}=\cot^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\tan\theta}{1+\tan\theta}\Big)
=\cot^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\tan\frac{\pi}{4}-\tan\theta}{1+\tan\frac{\pi}{4}\tan\theta}\bigg)
=\cot^{-1}\Big[\tan\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\theta\Big)\Big]
=\cot^{-1}\Big[\cot\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\pi}{4}+\theta\Big)\Big]
=\frac{\pi}{4}+\theta
\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{4}+\tan^{-1}\text{x}\ \big[\text{Since x}=\tan\theta\big]
Differentiating it with respect do x,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0+\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}
Q483. Prove that: \int\limits_0^\text{a}\text{f(x)}\text{dx}=\int\limits_0^\text{a}\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{x})\text{dx} 4 Marks
and hence evaluate \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}}\text{dx}
Ans: \int\limits_0^\text{a}\text{f(x)}\text{dx}=\int\limits_0^\text{a}\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{x})\text{dx}
put \text{x}=\text{a}-\text{t},\ \text{dx}=-\text{dt}
Upper limit t = a - x = a - a = 0
Lower limit = t = a - x = a - 0 = a
=\int\limits_0^\text{a}\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{t})\text{dt}=\int\limits_0^\text{a}\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{x})\text{dx}
Let \text{I}=\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}}\text{dx}\ \dots(\text{i})
\Rightarrow\text{I}=\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}}{\sin\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}\Big)+\cos\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}\Big)}\text{dx}\
\dots(\text{ii}) \therefore\text{I}=\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}\sin\text{x}}\text{dx}
Adding, (i) and (ii) we get
2\text{I}=\frac{\pi}{2}\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}}\text{dx}=\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{2}}\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{1}{\cos\Big(\text{x}-\frac{\pi}
{4}\Big)}\text{dx}
=\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{2}}\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sec\Big(\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)\text{dx}
\Rightarrow2\text{I}=\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{2}}\Bigg\{\log\bigg|\sec\Big(\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)+\tan\Big(\text{x}-\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)\bigg|\Bigg\}_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}
=\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{2}}\Big\{\log\big(\sqrt{2}+1\big)-\log\big(\sqrt{2}-1\Big\} or \frac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}}\log\Big(\frac{\sqrt{2}+1}{\sqrt{2}-1}\Big)
Q484. Find the points on the curve y = x3 - 3x, where the tangent to the curve is parallel to the chord joining (1, -2) and (2, 2). 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
y = x3 − 3x
y is polynomial function, so it is continuous and differentiable, so Lagrange's mean value theorem is applicable thus there exists a point c such that,
\Rightarrow3\text{c}^2-3=\frac{\text{f}(2)-\text{f}(1)}{2-1}
\Rightarrow3\text{c}^2-3=\frac{2+2}{1}
\Rightarrow3\text{c}^2=7
\Rightarrow\text{c}=\pm\sqrt{\frac{7}{3}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\pm\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\frac{7}{3}}
So, (\text{c},\text{y})=\Big(\pm\sqrt{\frac{7}{3}},\pm\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\frac{7}{3}}\Big) is the required point.
\text{f}(\text{x})=\log(\text{x}^2+2)-\log3\text{ on }[-1,1]
Ans: The given function is \text{f}(\text{x})=\log(\text{x}^2+2)-\log3, which can be rewritten as

\text{f}(\text{x})=\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+2}{3}\Big)
We know that, logarithmic function is differentiable and so continuous in its domain \text{f}(\text{x})=\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+2}{3}\Big) is continuous is [-1,1] and differentiable is (-1,1).
Also,
f(1) = f(-1) = 0
Now, we have show that there must exists \text{c}\in(-1,1) such that f'(c) = 0.
We have,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2+2}{3}\Big)
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{3(2\text{x})}{\text{x}^2+2}=\frac{6\text{x}}{\text{x}^2+2}
\Rightarrow\frac{6\text{x}}{\text{x}^2+2}=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}=0
Thus, \text{c}=0\in(-1,1) such that f'(c) = 0.
Q486. \text{If y = }\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}},\text{ show that }\text{2x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}=2\sqrt{\text{x}}. 4 Marks
Ans: Getting \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}-\frac{1}{\text{2x}\sqrt{\text{x}}}

\therefore\text{ 2x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sqrt{\text{x}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}
\text{ 2x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}=\Bigg(\sqrt{\text{x}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Bigg)+\Bigg(\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Bigg)=2\sqrt{\text{x}}.
Q487. Examine that sin |x| is a continuous function. 4 Marks
Ans: It is given function is \text{f(x)} = \sin|\text{x}|

f = goh, where, \text{g(x}) =| \text{x}|\ \text {and}\ \text{h(x)} = \sin\text{x}
First we have to prove that \text{g(x}) =| \text{x}|\ \text {and}\ \text{h(x)} = \sin\text{x} are continuous functions.
Case I: If k < 0,
Then g(k) = -k
Case II: If k > 0,
Then g(k) = k and
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{g(x)} =^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{x}=\text{k}
Case III: If k = 0,
Then, g(k) = g(0) = 0
h(x) = sinx
We know that h is defined for every real number.
Now, put x = k + h
If x → k, then h → 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{h(x)} =^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\sin\text{x}
= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\sin(\text{k}+\text{h})
= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}[\sin\text{k}\cos\text{h} + \cos\text{k}\sin\text{h}]
= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\sin\text{k}\cos\text{h} +^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\cos\text{k}\sin\text{h}
= \sin\text{k}\cos0 + \cos\text{k}\sin0
=\sin \text{k}
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{h(x)} =\text{g(k)}
Thus, h(x) = cos x is continuous function.
We know that for real valued functions g and h, such that (goh) is defined at k, if g is continuous at k and if f is continuous at g(k),
Then (fog) is continuous at k.
Therefore, \text{ f(x)} = \text{(gof)(x)} = \text{g(h(x))} = \text{g}(\sin \text{x)}= |\sin\text{x}|is a continuous function.
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}|\text{x}-\text{a}|\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}},&\text{if x}\neq0\\0,&\text{if x }=\text{a}\end{cases}
at x = a
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}|\text{x}-\text{a}|\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}},&\text{if x}\neq0\\0,&\text{if x }=\text{a}\end{cases} at x = a.

At x = a \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{a}^-}|\text{x}-\text{a}|\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}-\text{a}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}|\text{a}-\text{h}-\text{a}|\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{a}-\text{h}-\text{a}}\Big)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}-\text{h}\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)\ [\because\sin(-\theta)=-\sin\theta]
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^+}|\text{x}-\text{a}|\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}-\text{a}}\Big)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}|\text{a}+\text{h}-\text{a}|\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{a}+\text{h}-\text{a}}\Big)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{h}\sin\frac{1}{\text{h}}
and f(a) = 0
\therefore L.H.L = R.H.L = f(a)
So, f(x) is continuous at x = a.
Q489. If \sin^2\text{y}+\cos\text{xy}=\text{k}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} at \text{x}=1,\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{4} 4 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}

\Rightarrow \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{e}^{\text{y}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\big)
\Rightarrow \text{e}^\text{x}+\text{e}^{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dy}}(\text{a}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow \text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\Big[1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{e}^{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{y}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\big)=\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\times\text{e}^\text{y}-\text{e}^\text{x}}{\text{e}^\text{y}-\text{e}^\text{x}\times\text{e}^\text{y}}\Big)
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\big(\text{e}^\text{y}-1\big)}{\text{e}^\text{y}\big({1-\text{e}}^\text{x}\big)}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\big(\text{e}^\text{y}-1\big)}{\text{e}^\text{y}\big({\text{e}^\text{x}-1}\big)}
Q490. Find the value of k if the function: f (x) = \begin{matrix} kx^{2}& x\geq 1 & \\ 4 & x< 1 & \\ \end{matrix} \text{is continuous at x = 1} 4 Marks
Ans: \lim\limits_{ x \rightarrow 1^{-}} f (x) = \lim\limits_{ h \rightarrow{0}} k ( 1 + h)^{2} = k \dots\dots\dots\text{(i)}

f(1) = k \dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\text{(ii)}
\lim\limits_{ x \rightarrow 1^{-}} = 4 \dots\dots\dots\dots\text{(iii)}
\text{As f (x) is continuous at x} = 1 , \therefore k = 4
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}}}{1-\sqrt{\text{xa}}}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}}}{1-\sqrt{\text{xa}}}\Big)

\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}}+\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{a}}
\Big[\text{Since},\tan^{-1}\text{x}+\tan^{-1}\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{1-\text{xy}}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{x}})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\text{a}})
=\frac{1}{1+\big(\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)^2}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)+0
=\Big(\frac{1}{1+\text{x}}\Big)\Big(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}(1+\text{x})}
Q492. If x = \sin \text{t} and \text{y} = \sin \text{pt,} prove that (1 - x^{2}) \frac{\text{d}^{2} \text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} - x \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} + \text{P}^{2}\text{y} = 0. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{x} = \sin \text{t} \Rightarrow \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}} = \cos \text{t}

\text{} = \sin \text{pt} \Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}} = \text{p} \cos \text{pt}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{p} \cos \text{pt}}{\cos \text{t}}
\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} = \frac{\cos \text{t} (-\text{p}^{2} \sin \text{pt)} - \text{p} \cos \text{pt} (-\sin \text{t})}{\cos^{2}\text{t}}. \frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}
= \frac{\text{-p}^{2} \sin \text{pt} \cos \text{t} + \text{p} \cos \text{pt} \sin \text{t}}{\cos^{3} \text{t}}
\text{Now} (1 - \text{x}^{2}) \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} - \text{x} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} + \text{p}^{2} \text{y} = 0 \Bigg[ \text{Substituting values of y,}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}} \& \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}}\Bigg]
\text{f}(\text{x})=\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\text{ on }[1,3]
Ans: Here,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\text{ on }[1,3]
f(x) attains a unique value for each \text{x}\in[1,3], so it is continuous
\text{f}'(\text{x})=1-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2} is defined for each \text{x}\in(1,3)
⇒ f(x) is differentiable in (1,3), so Lagrange's mean value theorem is applicable, so there exist a point \text{c}\in(1,3) such that
\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{\text{c}^2}=\frac{\Big(3+\frac{1}{3}-(1+1)\Big)}{2}
\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{\text{c}^2}=\frac{\frac{10}{3}-2}{2}
\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{\text{c}^2}=\frac{4}{3\times2}
\Rightarrow1-\frac{2}{3}=\frac{1}{\text{c}^2}
\Rightarrow\text{c}^2=3
\text{c}=\sqrt{3}\in(1,3) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(1)-\text{f}(0)}{1-0}
So, Lagrange's mean value theorem is verified.
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{k}\cos\text{x}}{\pi-2\text{x}},&\text{x}<\frac{{\pi}}{2}\\3,&\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2}\\\frac{3\tan\text{x}}{2\text{x}-\pi},&\text{x}>\frac{\pi}{2}\end{cases}
Ans: Since the f(x) function is continuous at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2} therefore

LHL of f(x) at \text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2} is
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{2}^-}\text{f(x)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}\Big(\text{h}-\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{k}\cos\text{f}\Big(\text{h}-\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)}{\pi-2\text{f}\Big(\text{h}-\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{k}\sin\text{h}}{2\pi-2\text{h}}
=\frac{\text{k}}{2}\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin(\pi-\text{h})}{(\pi-\text{h})}
=\frac{\text{k}}{2}
Again,
\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)=3
Hence,
\text{LHL}=\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{3}\Big)
\frac{\text{k}}{2}=3
\text{k}=6
\sqrt{\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)}
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\sqrt{\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)}

\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\Big(\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)\Big)^\frac{1}{2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)\Big)^\frac{1}{2}
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}-1}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)
=\frac{1}{2}\Big(\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)^{\frac{-1}{2}}\times\frac{1}{1+\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)^2}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)
=\frac{4}{4\sqrt{\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)}\big(4+\text{x}^2\big)}
=\frac{1}{\big(4+\text{x}^2\big)\sqrt{\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)}}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\bigg(\sqrt{\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)}\bigg)=\frac{1}{\big(4+\text{x}^2\big)\sqrt{\tan^{-1}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)}}
Q496. If \text{x}=2\cos\text{t}-\cos2\text{t},\text{y}=2\sin\text{t}-\sin2\text{t}, find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\ \text{at}\ \text{t}=\frac{\pi}{2}. 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{x}=2\cos\text{t}-\cos\text{2}\text{t}
\text{y}=2\sin\text{t}-\sin\text{2t}
Differentiating w.r.t. t,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2(-\sin\text{t})-2(-\sin\text{2t})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=2\cot-2\cos\text{2t}
Dividing both:
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2(\cos\text{t}-\cos\text{2t})}{2(\sin\text{2t}-\sin\text{t})}
Differentiating w.r.t. t,
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{(\sin\text{2t}-\sin\text{t})(-\sin\text{t}+2\sin\text{2t})-(\cos\text{t}-\cos\text{2t})(2\cos\text{2t}-\cos\text{t})}
{(\sin\text{2t}-\sin\text{t})^2}
Dividing:
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{(\sin\text{2t}-\sin\text{t})(2\sin\text{t}-\sin\text{t})-(\cos\text{t}-\cos\text{2t})(2\cos\text{2t}-\cos\text{t})}{2(\sin\text{2t}-\sin)^3}
Putting: \text{t}=\frac{\pi}{2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{1+2}{-2}=-\frac{3}{2}
Q497. If \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{\text {x}^2}, & \text{when} \text{ x}\neq 0\\1, & \text{when}\text{ x} = 0\end{cases} Show that f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0. 4 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{1-\cos \text{x}}{\text{x}^2}, \text{when x}\neq0
\text{f}\text{(x)}=1, \text{when x}=0
consider
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1-\cos \text{x}}{\text{x}^2}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{2\sin^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{\text{x}^2}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{2\sin^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{\frac{4\text{x}^2}{4}}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{2\sin\frac{\text{x}^2}{2}}{\frac{4\text{x}^2}{2}}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{2}{4}\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{\frac{\text{x}}{2}}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{1}{2}(1)
Given f(0) = 1
\therefore\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}\neq\text{f}(0)
Thus, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
Q498. Find: \int(\sin\text{x}.\sin2\text{x}.\sin3\text{x})\text{dx} 4 Marks
Ans: \int(\sin\text{x}\sin\ 2\ \text{x}\sin\ 3\text{x} )\text{dx}

=\frac{1}{2}\int(2\sin\text{x}\sin2\text{x})\sin\text{3x}\text{dx}
=\frac{1}{2}\int[\cos\text{(x)- cos}\ (3\text{x})]\sin \text{3x}\text{ dx}
=\frac{1}{4}\int2\cos\text{x}\sin3\text{x}\text{dx}-\frac{1}{4}\int2\cos3\text{x}\sin3\text{x}\text{ dx}
=\frac{1}{4}\int(\sin4\text{x}+\sin2\text{x})\text{dx}-\frac{1}{4}\int\sin6\text{x}\text{dx}
=-\frac{1}{4}\Big(\frac{\cos4\text{x}}{4}+\frac{\cos2\text{x}}{2}\Big)+\frac{1}{24}\cos6\text{x}+\text{C}
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg), -1<\text{x}<1
Ans: The given relationship is,\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg)

\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg)
\Rightarrow\cos\text{y}=\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\bigg(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\bigg)
Using chain rule, we obtain
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}.\bigg(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\bigg)
(-\sin\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}.\bigg(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\bigg)
\Rightarrow-\sqrt{1-\cos^{2}\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(1+\text{x}^{2})\times2-2\text{x}.2\text{x}}{(1+\text{x}^{2})^{2}}
\Bigg[\sqrt{1-\bigg(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}\bigg)^{2}}\Bigg]\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Bigg[\frac{2(1-\text{x}^{2})}{(1+\text{x})^{2}}\Bigg]
\sqrt{\frac{(1+\text{x})^2-4\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2(1-\text{x})^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\sqrt{\frac{(1-\text{x}^{2})^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2(1-\text{x})^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow{\frac{1-\text{x}^{2}}{1+\text{x}^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2(1-\text{x})^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2}{1+\text{x}^2}
2
f(x) = x - 2x + 4 on [1, 5]
Ans: We have,
f(x) = x2 - 2x + 4
Therefore, f(x) is continuous on [1, 5] and differentiable on (1, 5).
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(5)-\text{f}(-1)}{5-1}=\frac{\text{f}(5)-\text{f}(-1)}{4}
Now, f(x) = x2 - 2x + 4
⇒ f'(x) = 2x - 2
⇒ f(5) = 25 - 10 + 4 = 19
⇒ f(1) = 1 - 2 + 4 = 3
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{\text{f}(5)-\text{f}(-1)}{4}
\Rightarrow2\text{x}-2=\frac{19-3}{4}
\Rightarrow2\text{x}-2-4=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\frac{6}{2}=3
Thus, \text{c}=3\in(1,5) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(5)-\text{f}(-1)}{5-1}
Q501. \text{If } x^{\text{m }} \text{y}^{\text{n}} = ({x + \text{y)}^{\text{m + n}}}, \text{prove that} \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{d}x^{2}} = 0. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{x}^{\text{m}} . \text{y}^{\text{n}} = \text{(x + y)}^{\text{m + n}}

\Rightarrow \text{m} \log \text{x + n} \log \text{y = (m + n)} \log \text{(x + y)}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{m}}{\text{x}} + \frac{\text{n}}{\text{y}}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{m + n}}{\text{x + y}} \bigg(1 + \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}} \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\dots\text{(i)}
\frac{\text{d}^{2}{\text{y}}}{\text{dx}^{2}} = \frac{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}}{\text{x}^{2}} \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ } \dots\text{(ii) }
= \frac{\text{x}{\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}} -\text{y}}}{\text{x}^{2}} \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\dots\text{using (i)}
=0
Q502. Differentiatet \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\Big) with respect to \sin^{-1}(2x\sqrt{1-x^2}). 4 Marks
Ans: \text{let u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big);\ \text{v}=\sin^{-1}(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2});\ \text{x}=\sin\theta\ \therefore\ \theta=\sin^{-1}\text{x}

\therefore\ \text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\ \theta}{\sqrt{1-\sin^2\theta}}\Big)=\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta=\sin^{-1}\text{x}
\&\ \text{v}=\sin^{-1}(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2})=\sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)=2\theta=2\sin^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}},\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\therefore\ \ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\times\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{2}=\frac{1}{2}
(\text{In case, if x}=\cos\theta\ \text{than answer is }-\frac{1}{2})
Q503. If y = 3e2x + 2e3x, prove that 4 Marks
\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}}-5\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{6y}=0.
Ans: \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=6\text{ e}^{\text{2x}}+6\cdot\text{e}^{\text{3x}}

\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}}=12\text{ e}^{\text{2x}}+18\cdot\text{e}^{\text{3x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}}-5\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+6\text{y} = (12 e2x + 18 e 3x) -5 (6 e2x + 6 e3x ) + 6 (3 e2x + 2 e3x)
= 30 e2x - 30 e2x + 30 e3x - 30 e3x = 0.
\text{y}=\sin\text{x}\sin2\text{x}\sin3\text{x}\sin4\text{x}
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\sin\text{x}\cdot\sin2\text{x}\cdot\sin3\text{x}\cdot\sin4\text{x}\ .....(\text{i})
\log\text{y}=\log(\sin\text{x}\cdot\sin2\text{x}\cdot\sin3\text{x}\cdot\sin4\text{x})
\log\text{y}=\log\sin\text{x}+\log\sin2\text{x}+\log\sin3\text{x}+\log\sin4\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\sin\text{x}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\sin2\text{x}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\sin3\text{x}+\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log\sin4\text{x}
=\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\frac{1}{\sin2\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin2\text{x})+\frac{1}{\sin3\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\sin3\text{x})+\frac{1}{\sin4\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin4 \text{x})
=\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}(\cos\text{x})+\frac{1}{\sin2\text{x}}(\cos2\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x}) \\ +\frac{1}{\sin3\text{x}}(\cos3\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(3\text{x})+\frac{1}{\sin4\text{x}}(\cos4\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(4\text{x})
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\big[\cot\text{x}+\cot2\text{x}(2)+\cot3\text{x}(3)+\cot4\text{x}(4)\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\big[\cot\text{x}+2\cot2\text{x}+3\cot\text{x}3\text{x}+4\cot4\text{x}\big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin\text{x}\sin2\text{x}\sin3\text{x}\sin4\text{x}) \\ \big[\cot\text{x}+2\cot2\text{x}+3\cot\text{x}3\text{x}+4\cot4\text{x}\big]
Q505. Discuss the continuity of the function f, where f is defined by: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}-2,\ \text{if}\ \text{x}\leq-1 \\\text{2x},\text{if}\ -1<\text{x}\leq1\\2,\text{if}\ \text{x}>1\end{cases}
Ans: \text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}-2,\ \text{if}\ \text{x}\leq-1 \\\text{2x},\text{if}\ -1<\text{x}\leq1\\2,\text{if}\ \text{x}>1\end{cases}

The function f is defined at all points of the real line.
When x < -1, we have f(x) = -2, which it is constant and so is continuous.
At x = -1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{-}}(-{2}) = -2
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{+}}(\text{2x}) = 2(-1)= -2
Also f(-1) = -2
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f}(-1)
\therefore f is continuous at x = -1
in the interval -1 < x < 1, we have f(x) = 2 x, which being a linear polynomial, is continuous.
At x = -1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{-}}(\text{2x}) = 2(1)= 2
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{+}}({2}) = 2
Also f(1) = 2(1) = 2
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{-1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f}(1)
\therefore f is continuous at x = 1
When x > 1, we have f(x) = 2, which is constant and so it is continuous.
Q506. Differentiate (x2 – 5x + 8) (x3 + 7x + 9) in three ways mentioned below: 4 Marks
by logarithmic differentiation.
Ans: y = (x2 - 5x + 8) (x3 + 7x + 9)

\Rightarrow\ \log\text{y}=\log(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)+\log(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{y}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)+\frac{1}{\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8}(2\text{x}-5)+\frac{1}{\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9}(3\text{x}^2+7)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{2\text{x}-5}{\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8}+\frac{3\text{x}^2+7}{\text{x}^3-7\text{x}+9}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{(2\text{x}-5)(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)+(3\text{x}^2+7)(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)}{(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)
(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{2\text{x}^4+14\text{x}^2+18\text{x}-5\text{x}^3-35\text{x}-45+3\text{x}^4-15\text{x}^3+24\text{x}^2+7\text{x}^2-35\text{x}+56}
{(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{5\text{x}^4-20\text{x}^3+45\text{x}^2-52\text{x}+11}{(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)\Big[\frac{5\text{x}^4-20\text{x}^3+45\text{x}^2-52\text{x}+11}{(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)
(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)}\Big]\ \text{[From eq.(i)}]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=5\text{x}^4-20\text{x}^3+45\text{x}^2-52\text{x}+11\ \dots\text{(iv)}
From eq. (ii), (iii) and (iv), we can say that value of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} is same obtained by three different methods
Q507. Differentiate \tan^{-1} \bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2} - 1}}{x}\bigg) w.r.t. \sin^{-1} \frac{2x}{1 + x^{2}}, \text{ if } x \in (-1, 1) 4 Marks
Ans: \text{Let} \text{ u} = \tan^{-1} \frac{\sqrt{1 + \text{x}^{2} - 1}}{\text{x}}

\text{Put } \text{ x } = \tan \theta \Rightarrow \theta = \tan^{-1} \text{x}
\therefore \text{ u } = \tan^{-1} \bigg[\frac{\sec \theta - 1}{\tan \theta}\bigg]
= \tan^{-1} \bigg[\frac{1 - \cos \theta}{\sin \theta}\bigg]
= \tan^{-1} \big(\tan \frac{\theta}{2}\big)
= \frac{\theta}{2} = \frac{1}{2} \tan^{-1} \text{x}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{1}{2 (1 + \text{x}^{2})}
\text{v} = \sin^{-1} \bigg(\frac{\text{2x}}{1 + \text{x}^{2}}\bigg)
= 2\tan^{-1} \text{x}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{2}{1 + \text{x}^{2}}
\therefore \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}} = \frac{\text{du/dx}}{\text{dv/dx}} = \frac{1}{4}
Q508. The equation of the path traced by a roller-coaster is given by the polynomial f(x) = a (x + 9) (x + 1) (x - 3). If the roller-coaster crosses y-axis at a point (0, -1), answer the following: 4 Marks
1. Find the value of ‘a’.

2. Find f"(x) at x = 1.
Ans: 1. -1=\text{a}(-27)\Rightarrow\text{a}=\frac{1}{27}
2. \text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{1}{27}(\text{x}+9)(\text{x}+1)(\text{x}-3)
=\frac{1}{27}(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}^2-21\text{x}-27)
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{1}{27}(3\text{x}^2+14\text{x}-21)
\text{f}''(\text{x})=\frac{6\text{x}+14}{27}
\text{f}''(1)=\frac{20}{27}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}^2-16\text{x}+20}{(\text{x}-2)^2},&\text{ x}\neq2\\\text{k},&\text{x}=2\end{cases}
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}^2-16\text{x}+20}{(\text{x}-2)^2},&\text{ x}\neq2\\\text{k},&\text{x}=2\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2+\text{x}^2-16\text{x}+20}{\text{x}^2-4\text{x}+4},&\text{ x}\neq2\\\text{k},&\text{x}=2\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}+5,&\text{ x}\neq2\\\text{k},&\text{x}=2\end{cases}
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(2)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2}\text{(x}+5)=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\text{k}=2+5=7
Q510. If \tan^1\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)=\log\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}, Prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}. 4 Marks
Ans: \log(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=2\tan^1\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}
We need to find the derivative of y with respect to x.
Differentiating with respect to x on both sides.
\log(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=2\tan^1\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}
Where we know that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}_1
\frac{2(\text{x}+\text{yy}_1)}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}=\frac{2(\text{x}\text{y}_1-\text{y})}{\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2}
Cancelling \text{x}^2+\text{y}^2 on both sides and multiplying 2 we get
2\text{x}+2\text{yy}_1=2\text{xy}_1-2\text{y}
Cancelling out 2 on both sides
\text{x}+\text{yy}_1=\text{xy}_1-\text{y}
\text{x}+\text{y}=\text{xy}_1-\text{yy}_1
Shifting the term which has \text{y}_1 on one side
\text{x}+\text{y}=\text{y}_1(\text{x}-\text{y})
\text{y}_1=\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}
Substituting \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}_1
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}
Hence Proved.
Q511. Differentiate \frac{\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}} w.r.t. \sin\text{x}. 4 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\frac{\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}} and \text{v}=\sin\text{x}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}-\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}}{(\sin\text{x})^2}
=\frac{\sin\text{x}-\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{\sin^2\text{x}}
and \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}=\cos\text{x}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{\sin\text{x}-\frac{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{\sin^2\text{x}}}{\cos\text{x}}
=\frac{\sin\text{x}-\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{\sin^2\text{x}\cos\text{x}}
=\frac{\frac{\sin\text{x}-\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}}{\frac{\sin^2\text{x}\cos\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}}
=\frac{\tan\text{x}-\text{x}}{\sin^2\text{x}}
\text{f(x)}=\sin^4\text{x}+\cos^4\text{x}\text{ in }\Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big].
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\sin^4\text{x}+\cos^4\text{x}\text{ in }\Big[0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]

We know that \sin\text{x} and \cos\text{x} are continuoud and diferentiabe
\therefore\ \sin^4\text{x} and \cos^4\text{x} and hence \sin^4\text{x}+\cos^4\text{x} is continuous and differentiable
Now \text{f}(0)=0+1=1 and \text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)=1+0=1
\Rightarrow\ \text{f}(0)=\text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)
Hence, there exists atleast one \text{c}\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big) such that f(c) = 0
\therefore\ 4\sin^3\text{c}\cos\text{c}-4\cos^3\text{c}\sin\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow\ 4\sin\text{c}\cos\text{c}(\sin^2\text{c}-\cos^2\text{c})=0
\Rightarrow\ 4\sin\text{c}\cos\text{c}(-\cos2\text{c})=0
\Rightarrow-2\sin2\text{c}\cdot\cos2\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow\ \sin4\text{c}=0
\Rightarrow\ 4\text{c}=\pi
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}=\frac{\pi}{4}\in\Big(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)
Hence, Rolle's theorem has been verified.
Q513. If f(x) = x3 + 7x2 + 8x - 9, find f(4). 4 Marks
Ans: f(x) = x3 + 7x2 + 8x - 9 is a polynomial function. So, it is differentiable every.

\text{f}'(4)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(4+\text{h})-\text{h}(4)}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{[(4+\text{h})^3+7(4+\text{h})^2+8(4+\text{h})-9]-[64+112+32-9]}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{[64+\text{h}^3+48\text{h}+12\text{h}^2+112+7\text{h}^2+56\text{h}+32+8\text{h}-9]-[210-9]}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^3+19\text{h}^2+112\text{h}+210-9-210+9}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^3+19\text{h}^2+112\text{h}}{\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}(\text{h}^2+19\text{h}+112)}{\text{h}}
\text{f}'(4)=112
Q514. If the lines \frac{\text{x}-1}{-3}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{2\lambda}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{2} and \frac{\text{x}-1}{3\lambda}=\frac{\text{y}-1}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-6}{-5} are perpendicular, find the value 4 Marks
of \lambda. Hence find whether the lines are intersecting or not.
Ans: Given,
\frac{\text{x}-1}{-3}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{2\lambda}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{2}
\frac{\text{x}-1}{3\lambda}=\frac{\text{y}-1}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-6}{-5}
Since, Both lines are perpendicular to each other,
\therefore-3(3\lambda)+2\lambda(2)+2(-5)=0
\Rightarrow-9\lambda+4\lambda-10=0
\Rightarrow-5\lambda=10
\Rightarrow\lambda=-2
Now,
\begin{bmatrix}\text{x}_2-\text{x}_1 & \text{y}_2-\text{y}_1 & \text{z}_2-\text{z}_1 \\\text{a}_1 & \text{b}_1 & \text{c}_1\\\text{a}_2 & \text{b} _2 & \text{c}_2\end{bmatrix}
On comparing \frac{\text{x}-\text{x}_1}{\text{a}_1}=\frac{\text{y}-\text{y}_1}{\text{b}_1}=\frac{\text{z}-\text{z}_1}{\text{c}_1}
or \frac{\text{x}-\text{x}_2}{\text{a}_2}=\frac{\text{y}-\text{y}_2}{\text{b}_2}=\frac{\text{z}-\text{z}_2}{\text{c}_2}
the above given equation,
We have,
\text{a}_1=-3,\text{a}_2=-6,\text{x}_1=1,\text{x}_2=1
\text{b}_1=-4,\text{b}_2=2,\text{y}_1=2,\text{y}_2=1
\text{c}_1=2,\text{b}_2=-5,\text{z}_1=3,\text{z}_2=6
Then,
\begin{bmatrix}1-1&1-2&6-3\\-3&-4&2\\-6&2&-5\end{bmatrix}
\Rightarrow(20-4)-(-1)[15-(-12)]+3(-6-24)
\Rightarrow-27-90
\Rightarrow-63\neq0
\therefore Lines are not intersecting
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin3\text{x}}{\text{x}},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\4,&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}

\text{f(x)}=\frac{\sin3\text{x}}{\text{x}}
We know that \sin3\text{x} as well as the identity function x are everwhere continuous.
So, the quotient function \frac{\sin3\text{x}}{\text{x}} is continuous at each \text{x}\neq0
Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin3\text{x}}{\text{x}},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\4,&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}
We have
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin(-3\text{h})}{-
\text{h}}\Big)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{3\sin(3\text{h})}{3\text{h}}\Big)=3
(\text{RHL at x}=0)=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin(3\text{h})}{\text{h}}\Big)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{3\sin(3\text{h})}
{3\text{h}}\Big)=3
Also, f(0) = 4
Q516. If the derivative of tan-1 (a + bx) takes the value 1 at x = 0, prove that 1 + a2 = b. 4 Marks
Ans: Here, \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\tan^{-1}(\text{a}+\text{bx})\big]=1\text{ at x}=0

So, using chain rule,
\Big[\Big\{\frac{1}{1+(\text{a}+\text{bx})^2}\Big\}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{a}+\text{bx})\Big]_{\text{x}=0}=0
\Big[\frac{1}{1+(\text{a}+\text{bx})^2}\times(\text{b})\Big]_{\text{x}=0}=1
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{b}}{1+(\text{a}+0)^2}=1
\Rightarrow \text{b}=1+\text{a}^2
Q517. If xy + yx = ab, then find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: xy + yx = ab
Let u + v = ab, where xy = u and yx = v.
\therefore \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} + \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} = 0 \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\dots\text{(i)}
\text{y} = \log \text{x} = \log \text{u} \Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{y}} \bigg[\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}} + \log \text{x}. \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg]
\text{x} \log \text{y} = \log \text{v} \Rightarrow \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} = \text{y}^{\text{x}} \bigg[\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} + \log \text{y}\bigg]
\text{putting in (i)} \text{x}^{\text{y}} \bigg[\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}} + \log \text{x} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg] + \text{y}^{\text{x}} \bigg[\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
+ \log \text{y} \bigg]= 0
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = - \frac{\text{y}^{\text{x}} \log \text{y + y.x}^{\text{y - 1}}}{\text{x}^{\text{y}}. \log \text{x + x.y}^{\text{x - 1}}}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^3-\text{x}^2+2\text{x}-2,&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq1\\4,&\text{if }\text{ x}=1\end{cases}

\text{f(x)}=\text{x}^3-\text{x}^2+2\text{x}-2
So, \text{f(x)}=\text{x}^3-\text{x}^2+2\text{x}-2 is continuous at each \text{x}\neq1
At x = 1, we have
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big((1-\text{h})^3-(1-\text{h})^2+2(1-\text{h})-2\Big)=1-1+2-2=0
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big((1+\text{h})^3-(1+\text{h})^2+2(1+\text{h})-2\Big)=1-1+2-2=0
Also, f(1) = 4
Q519. If \text{x}=\text{a}(1-\cos^3\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}\sin^3\theta, Prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{32}{27\text{a}}\text{ at}\ \theta=\frac{\pi}{6} 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{x}=\text{a}(1-\cos^3\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}\sin^3\theta
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=3\text{a}\cos2\theta\sin\theta\text{ and }\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=3\text{a}\sin2\theta\cos\theta]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{3\text{a}\sin^2\theta\cos\theta}{3\text{a}\cos^2\theta\sin\theta}=\tan\theta
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\sec^2\theta\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}
=\frac{\sec^2\theta}{3\text{a}\cos^2\theta\sin\theta}
=\frac{\sec^4\theta}{3\text{a}\sin\theta}
\therefore\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}}\text{ at }\theta=\frac{\pi}{6}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\sec\frac{\text{x}}{6}\Big)^4}{3\text{a}\sin\frac{\text{x}}{6}}=\frac{32}{27\text{a}}
Q520. \text{If y}=\cos^{-1}\bigg(\frac{3\text{x}+4\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{5}\bigg),\ \text{find}\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\dot{} 4 Marks
Ans: =\cos^{-1}\bigg[\frac{3}{5}\text{x}+\frac{4}{5}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\bigg]
=\cos^{-1}\bigg[\frac{3}{5}\dot{}\cos\theta+\frac{4}{5}\sin\theta\bigg]\ \text{where x}=\cos\theta
=\cos^{-1}\big[\cos\alpha\dot{}\cos\theta+\sin\alpha\dot{}\sin\theta\big],\;\because\ \text{if}\: \frac{3}{5}=\cos\alpha,\text{then}\frac{4}{5}=\sin \ \alpha
=\cos^{-1}\big[\cos\big(\alpha-\theta\big)\big]=\alpha-\theta=\cos^{-1}\big(3/5\big)-\cos^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\text f(\text x)=\begin{cases}2\text{x}+3, \text {if}\ \ \text x\leq2 \\2\text{x} - 3, \text {if}\ \ \text x > 2\end{cases}
Ans: Here \text{f(x)} = \begin{cases}2\text{x} +3, \text{if}\ \text{x}\leq2\\ 2\text{x}-3, \ \text{if}\ \text{x} > 2\end{cases}
Function f is defined for all points of thr real line.
Three cases arise:
Case I: c < 2
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(2\text{x}+ 3) = 2\text{c} + 3
Also f(c) = 2c + 3
Case II: c > 2
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(2\text{x}- 3) = 2\text{c} - 3
Also f(c) = 2c - 3
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)}= \text{f(c)}
\therefore f is continuous at all points x >2.
Case III: c = 2
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}{-}}(2\text{x}+ 3) = 4 + 3 = 7
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}{=}}(2\text{x}- 3) = 4 - 3 = 1
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}^{-}}\text{f(x)}\neq \ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
\therefore f is not continuous at x = 2
\therefore x = 2 is the only point of discontinuity of f.
Q522. Differentiate \tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1 - \text{x}^{2}}}{\text{x}}\bigg)with respect to \cos^{-1}(2 \text{x}\sqrt{1- \text{x}^{2}}), when \text{x}\neq0. 4 Marks
Ans: let \text{u} = \tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}{\text{x}}\bigg),\text{v} = \cos^{-1}\bigg(2 \text{x}\sqrt{1- \text{x}^{2}}),\text{x} = \cos\theta\therefore\theta =\cos^{-1}\text{x}

\therefore\text{u} = \tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{1-\cos^{2}\theta}}{\cos\theta}\bigg) = \tan^{-1}(\tan\theta) = \theta = \cos^{-1}\text{x}
and \text{v} = \cos^{-1}( 2\cos\theta\sqrt{1 -\cos^{2}\theta}) = \cos^{-1}(\sin2\theta) = \cos^{-1}\bigg(\cos\bigg(\frac{\pi}{2} - 2 \theta\bigg)\bigg)
= \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta =\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\cos^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}},\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}
\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}} =\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1- \text{x}^{2}}}\times\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^{2}}}{2} =\frac{-1}{2}
( In case, If x = sin θ then answer is \frac{1}{2}).
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sqrt{25-\text{x}^2}\text{ on }[-3,4]
Ans: We have,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sqrt{25-\text{x}^2}
Here, f(x) will exist, if
25-\text{x}^2\geq0
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2\leq25
\Rightarrow-5\leq\text{x}\leq5
Since for each \text{x}\in[-3,4], the function f(x) attains a unique definite value.
So, f(x) is continuous on [-3, 4]
Also, \text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{25-\text{x}^2}}(-2\text{x})=\frac{-\text{x}}{\sqrt{25-\text{x}^2}} exists for all \text{x}\in(-3,4)
So, f(x) is differentiable on (-3, 4).
Consequently, there exist some \text{c}\in(-3,4) such that
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(4)-\text{f}(-3)}{4+3}=\frac{\text{f}(4)-\text{f}(-3)}{7}
Now, \text{f}(\text{x})=\sqrt{25-\text{x}^2}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{-\text{x}}{\sqrt{25-\text{x}^2}},\text{f}(-3)=4,\text{f}(4)=3
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{\text{f}(4)-\text{f}(-3)}{4+3}
\Rightarrow\frac{-\text{x}}{\sqrt{25-\text{x}^2}}=\frac{3-4}{7}
\Rightarrow49\text{x}^2=25-\text{x}^2
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\pm\frac{1}{\sqrt2}
Thus, \text{c}=\pm\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\in(-3,4) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(4)-\text{f}(-3)}{4-(-3)}.
\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}+\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2-1}
Ans: Let \text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}+\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2-1}

Putting \text{u}=\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}\text{ and v}=\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2-1},\text{we have y}=\text{u}+\text{v}
Now \text{u}=\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}\ \ \Rightarrow\ \log \text{u}=\log\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}\cos \text{x}=\text{x} \cos\text{x} \log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\cos\text{x}\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}).\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}+\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\cos\text{x})\log\text{x}+\text{x}\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=1.\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}+\text{x}(-\sin\text{x})\log\text{x}+\text{x}\cos\text{x}\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}(\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}-\text{x}\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}+\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}(\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}-\text{x}\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}+\cos\text{x})\ \dots\text{(ii)}
Again \text{v}=\frac{\text{x}^2+1}{\text{x}^2-1}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(\text{x}^2-1)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+1)-(\text{x}^2+1)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\text{x}^2-1)}{(\text{x}^2-1)^2}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(\text{x}^2-1)2\text{x}-(\text{x}^2+1)2\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2-1)^2}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\text{x}^3-
2\text{x}-2\text{x}^3-2\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2-1)^2}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2-1)^2}\ \dots\ \text{(iii)}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{x}\cos\text{x}}(\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}-\text{x}\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}+\cos\text{x})+\frac{-4\text{x}}{(\text{x}^2-1)^2}
Q525. Show that the function defined by f(x) = | cos x | is a continuous function. 4 Marks
Ans: It is given function is \text{f(x)} = |\cos\text{x}|

f = goh, where, \text{g(x}) =| \text{x}|\ \text {and}\ \text{h(x)} = \cos\text{x}
First we have to prove that \text{g(x}) =| \text{x}|\ \text {and}\ \text{h(x)} = \cos\text{x} are continuous functions.
Case I: If k < 0,
Then g(k) = -k
Case II: If k > 0,
Then g(k) = k and
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{g(x)} =\text{g(k)}
Case III: If k = 0,
Then, g(k) = g(0) = 0
h(x) = cosx
We know that h is defined for every real number.
Now, put x = k + h
If x → k, then h → 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{h(x)} =^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\cos\text{x}
= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\cos(\text{k}+\text{h})
= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}[\cos\text{k}.\cos\text{h} - \sin\text{k}.\sin\text{h}]
= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\cos\text{k}\cos\text{h} - ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\sin\text{k}\sin\text{h}
= \cos \text{k}\cos0 - \sin\text{k}\sin0
= \cos \text{k} \times 1 - \sin \times\ 0
=\cos \text{k}
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{h(x)} =\text{h(k)}
Thus, h(x) = cos x is continuous function.
We know that for real valued functions g and h, such that (goh) is defined at k, if g is continuous at k and if f is continuous at g(k),
Then (fog) is continuous at k.
Therefore,\text{ f(x)} = \text{(gof)(x)} = \text{g(h(x))} = \text{g}(\cos \text{x)}= |\cos\text{x}| is a continuous function.
f(x) = x2 - 8x + 12 on [2, 6]
Ans: Given:
f(x) = x2 - 8x + 12
We know that a polynomial function is everywhere derivable and hence continuous.
So, being a polynomial function f(x) is continuous and derivable on [2, 6].
f(2) = (2)2 - 8(2) + 12 = 4 - 16 + 12 = 0
f(6) = (6)2 - 8(6) + 12 = 36 - 48 + 12 = 0
\therefore f(2) = f(6) = 0
Thus, all the conditions of rolle's theorem are satisfied.
Now, we have to show that there exist \text{c}\in(2, 6) such that f'(c) = 0
We have
f(x) = x2 - 8x + 12
⇒ f'(x) = 2x - 8
\therefore f'(x) = 0
⇒ 2x - 8 = 0
⇒x=4
Thus, \text{c}=4\in(2,6) such that f'(c) = 0
Q527. If \text{y}=500\text{e}^{7\text{x}}+600\text{e}^{-7\text{x}} prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=49\text{y}. 4 Marks
Ans: It is given that, \text{y}=500\text{e}^{7\text{x}}+600\text{e}^{-7\text{x}}

Then
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=500.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{7\text{x}})+600.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{-7\text{x}})
=500.\text{e}^{7\text{x}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(7\text{x})+600.\text{e}^{-7\text{x}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(-7\text{x})
=3500\text{e}^{7\text{x}}-4200\text{e}^{-7\text{x}}
\therefore\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=3500.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{7\text{x}})-4200.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}({-7\text{x}})
=3500.e^{7\text{x}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(7\text{x})-4200.\text{e}^{-7\text{x}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(-7\text{x})
=7\times3500.\text{e}^{7\text{x}}+7\times4200.\text{e}^{-7\text{x}}
=49\times500\text{e}^{7\text{x}}+49\times600\text{e}^{-7\text{x}}
=49(500\text{e}^{7\text{x}}+600\text{e}^{-7\text{x}})
=49\text{y}
Hence proved
Q528. A binary operation * on the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is defined as: 4 Marks
a * b = \begin{matrix} \text{a + b} & \text{if} & \text{a + b < 6} \\ \text{a + b - 6,} & \text{if} & \text{a + b }\geq6 \\ \end{matrix}.
Show that zero is the identity for this operation and each element 'a' of the set is, invertible with 6 – a, being the inverse of 'a'.
Ans: since a * 0 = a + 0 = a
and 0 * a = 0 + a = a
Note: \forall a \in {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
\therefore 0 is the identity for *.
Also,\forall a \in {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, a * (6 – a) = a + (6 – a) – 6
= 0 (which is identity)
Each element ‘a’ of the set is invertible with (6 – a), being the inverse of ‘a’.
\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)^\text{x}+\text{x}^{\Big(1+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)^\text{x}+\text{x}^{\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)}

Putting \text{y}=\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)^\text{x}=\text{u and }\text{x}^{\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)}=\text{v}
y = u + v \ \therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\ \dots\text{(i)}
Now \text{u}=\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)^\text{x}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{u}=\log \Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)^\text{x}=\text{x}\log\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}.\frac{1}{\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}
{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big).1
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}.\frac{1}{\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)}\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big).1
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big[\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2+1}+\log\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\Big]=\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}
{\text{x}}\Big)^\text{x}\Big[\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2+1}+\log\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\Big]\ \dots\text{(ii)}
Again \text{v}=\text{x}^{\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{v}=\log\text{x}^{\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)}=\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big).\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}.\Big(\frac{-1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}
{\text{dx}}=\text{v}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\log\text{x}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\log\text{x}\Big]\
\dots\text{(iii)}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)^\text{x}\Big[\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}^2+1}+\log\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\Big]+\text{x}^{\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}
{\text{x}}\Big)}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big(\text{x}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)-\frac{1}{\text{x}}^2\log\text{x}\Big]
Q530. If \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{x}}-\sqrt{1-\text{x}}}{\sqrt{1+\text{x}}+\sqrt{1+\text{x}}}\Big), find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1+\text{x}}-\sqrt{1-\text{x}}}{\sqrt{1+\text{x}}+\sqrt{1+\text{x}}}\Big)

\therefore \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1+\cos2\theta}-\sqrt{1-\cos2\theta}}{\sqrt{1+\cos2\theta}+\sqrt{1-\cos2\theta}}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{2\cos^2\theta}-\sqrt{2\sin^2\theta}}{\sqrt{2\cos^2\theta}+\sqrt{2\sin^2\theta}}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sqrt{2}(\cos\theta-\sin\theta)}{\sqrt{2}(\cos\theta+\sin\theta)}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{\cos\theta-\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}}{\frac{\cos\theta+\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}}\bigg)
[Dividing numerator and denomainator by \cos\theta]
=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\frac{\cos\theta}{\cos\theta}-\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}}{\frac{\cos\theta}{\cos\theta}+\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}}\bigg)
=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\tan\theta}{1+\tan\theta}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{\tan\frac{\pi}{4}-\tan\theta}{1+\tan\frac{\pi}{4}\times\tan\theta}\bigg)
=\tan^{-1}\Big[\tan\big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\theta\big)\Big]
=\frac{\pi}{4}-\theta
=\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{1}{2}\cos^{-1}\text{x}\ (\text{Using x}=\cos2\theta)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0-\frac{1}{2}\Big(\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\tan^{-1}\Big(\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}}\Big),\frac{-\pi}{4}<\text{x}<\frac{\pi}{4}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}}\Big)

=\tan^{-1}\Bigg(\sqrt{\frac{1-1+2\sin^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{1+2\cos^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}-1}}\Bigg) \Big[\because\cos=1-2\sin^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}2\cos^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}-1\Big]
=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\tan\frac{\text{x}}{2}\bigg)=\frac{\text{x}}{2}
On differentiating w. r. t. x, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}
Q532. Differentiate \sin^{-1}\Big(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\Big) with respect to \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big), if -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} 4 Marks
Ans: Let, \text{u}=\sin^{-1}(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2})

\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(2\sin\theta\sqrt{1-\sin^2\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}(2\sin\theta\cos\theta)
Let \text{v}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{v}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\theta}{\sqrt{1-\sin^2\theta}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{v}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{v}=\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)\ .....(\text{ii})
Here, -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\text{u}= 2\theta\bigg[\text{Since,}\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\bigg[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\bigg]\bigg]
\Rightarrow\text{u}=2\sin^{-1}\text{x}[\text{Since, x}=\sin\theta]
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{iii})
From equation (ii),
\text{v}=\theta\bigg[\text{Since,}\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\bigg]
\Rightarrow\text{v}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}[\text{since, x}=\sin\theta]
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....\text{(iv)}
Dividing equation (iii) by (iv)
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\times\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{1}
\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=2
Q533. Find a point on the curve y = (x - 3)2, where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining the points (3, 0) and (4, 1). 4 Marks
Ans: Consider, y = (x - 3)2, which is continuous in x1, = 3 and x2 = 4 i.e., [3, 4]

Also, y' = 2(x - 3).1 = 2(x - 3) which exists in (3, 4).
Hence, by mean value theorem there exists a point on the curve at which tangent drawn is parallel to the chord joining the points (3, 0) and (4, 1).
Thus, \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(4)-\text{f}(3)}{4-3}
\Rightarrow\ 2(\text{c}-3)=\frac{(4-3)^2-(3-3)^2}{4-3}
\Rightarrow\ 2\text{c}-6=\frac{1-0}{1} \Rightarrow\ \text{c}=\frac{7}{2}
For \text{x}=\frac{7}{2}, \text{y}=\Big(\frac{7}{3}-3\Big)^2=\Big(\frac{1}{2}\Big)^2=\frac{1}{4}
So, \Big(\frac{7}{2},\frac{1}{4}\Big) is the point on the curve at which tangent drawn is parallel to the chord joining the points (3, 0) and (4, 1).
Q534. Prove that \int\limits_0^\text{a}\text{f(x)}\text{dx}=\int\limits\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{x})\text{dx}, and hence evaluate \int\limits_0^1\text{x}^2(1-\text{x})^\text{n}\text{dx}. 4 Marks
Ans: \int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\text{f(x)}\text{dx}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{x})\text{dx}
Taking R.H.S.
=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{x})\text{dx}
Put \text{a}-\text{x}=\text{t}
-\text{dx}=\text{dt}
-\int\limits^{0}_\text{a}\text{f(t)}\text{dt}
by 2nd Property,
\therefore-\int\limits^{\text{b}}_{\text{a}}\text{f(x)}\text{dx}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_{\text{b}}\text{f(x)}\text{dx}
=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_\text{0}\text{f(t)}\text{dt}
by 1st property,
\therefore\int\limits^{\text{b}}_{\text{a}}\text{f(x)}=\int\limits^{\text{b}}_\text{a}\text{f(t)}\text{dt}
\Rightarrow\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\text{f(x)}\text{dx}=\text{LHS}
Now,
\text{I}=\int\limits^{1}_0\text{x}^2(1-\text{x})^{\text{n}}\text{dx}
\Rightarrow\int\limits^{1}_0[\text{x}^{\text{n}}+\text{x}^{\text{n}+2}-2\text{x}^{\text{n}+1}]\text{dx}
\text{I}=\Big[\frac{\text{x}^{\text{n}+1}}{\text{n}+1}\big]^1_0+\Big[\frac{\text{x}^{\text{n}+3}}{\text{n}+3}\big]^{1}_0-2\Big[\frac{\text{x}^{\text{n}+2}}{\text{n}+2}\big]^{1}_0
\text{I}=\frac{1}{\text{n}+1}+\frac{1}{\text{n}+3}-\frac{2}{\text{n}+2}
Q535. Let \text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{\log\Big(1+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)-\log\Big(1-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{b}}\Big)}{\text{x}},\text{x}\neq0 Find the value of f at x = 0. So that f becomes continuous 4 Marks
at x = 0.
Ans: Given, \text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{\log\Big(1+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)-\log\Big(1-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{b}}\Big)}{\text{x}},\text{x}\neq0

\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{\log\Big(1+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)-\log\Big(1-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{b}}\Big)}{\text{x}}\end{pmatrix}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{\log\Big(1+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)}{\frac{\text{ax}}{\text{a}}}-\frac{\log\Big(1-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{b}}\Big)}
{\frac{\text{bx}}{\text{b}}}\end{pmatrix}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{\log\Big(1+\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)}{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}}\end{pmatrix}-\Big(-\frac{1}
{\text{b}}\Big)\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\begin{pmatrix}\frac{\log\Big(1-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{b}}\Big)}{\frac{-\text{x}}{\text{b}}}\end{pmatrix}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{a}}\times1-\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{b}}\Big)\times1=\text{f}(0) \Big[\text{Using :}\lim_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{log(1}+\text{x)}}{\text{x}}=1\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{a}}+\frac{1}{\text{b}}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{a}+\text{b}}{\text{ab}}=\text{f}(0)
Q536. Discuss the continuity of the function f, where f is defined by: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\ 2\text{x},\ \ \text{if}\ \text{x}<0 \\0,\ \ \ \ \text{if}\ 0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\4\text{x},\ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x}>1\end{cases}
Ans: The given function is \text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\ 2\text{x},\ \ \text{if}\ \text{x}<0 \\0,\ \ \ \ \text{if}\ 0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\4\text{x},\ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x}>1\end{cases}
The function f is defined at all points of the real line.
Then, we have 5 cases i.e. k < 0, k = 0, 0 < k < 1, k = 1 or k < 1.
Now, Case I: k < 0
Then, f(k) = 2k
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}(\text{2x}) = \text{2k} = \text{f(k)}
Thus, ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(k)}
Hence, f is continuous at all points x, s.t. x < 0.
Case II: k = 0
f(0) = 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}(\text{2x}) = 2\times 0 = 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}(0) = 0
\Rightarrow\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}^{-}}\text{f(x)} =^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}^{+}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(k)}
Hence, f is not continuous at x = 0.
Case III: 0 < k < 1
Then, f(k) = 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}(0) = 0 = \text{f(k)}
Hence, f is continuous in (0, 1).
Case IV: k = 1
Then f(k) = f(1) = 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}(0) = 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}(\text{4x}) = 4\times 1 = 4
\Rightarrow\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}^{-}}\text{f(x)} \neq ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
Case V: k < 1
Then, f(k) = 4k
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}(\text{4x}) = 4\text{k} = \text{f(k)}
Thus ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(k)}
Hence, f is contionuous at all points x, s.t. x > 1.
Therefore, x = 1 is the only point of
discontinuity of f.
Q537. If \text{x}=\text{a}\sec\theta,\text{y}=b\tan\theta prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\frac{\text{b}^4}{\text{a}^2\text{y}^3} 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{x}=\text{a}\sec\theta,\text{y}=b\tan\theta
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\sec\theta\tan\theta\ \text{and}\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=b\sec^2\theta
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}\times\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{b}\sec^2\theta}{\text{a}\sec\theta\tan\theta}=\frac{\text{b}\
\text{cosec}\theta}{\text{a}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\times-\text{cosec}\theta\cot\theta\times\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}
=-\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\times\text{cosec}\theta\cot\theta\times\frac{1}{\text{a}\sec\theta\tan\theta}
=\frac{-\text{b}}{\text{a}^2}\times\frac{1}{\tan^3\theta}
\therefore\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-\text{b}}{\frac{\text{a}^2\text{y}^3}{\text{b}^3}}=-\frac{\text{b}^4}{\text{a}^2\text{y}^3}
Hence proved
Q538. If \text{y}=(\log\text{x})^{\text{x}}+\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}, then find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=(\log\text{x})^{\text{x}}+\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}
Let \text{u}=(\log\text{x}^{\text{x}}) and \text{v}=\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}
Differentiating the above w.r.t. x, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\ ...(\text{i})
Now, \text{u}=(\log\text{x}^{\text{x}})
\log\text{u}=\text{x}.\log(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{u}}.\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}+\log(\log\text{x})
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x})^{\text{x}}\Big[\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}+\log(\log\text{x})\Big]\ ...(\text{ii})
\text{v}=\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}
\log\text{v}=\log\text{x}^2
\frac{1}{\text{v}}.\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=2\log\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}\Big[\frac{2\log\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big]\ ...(\text{3})
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x}^{\text{x}})\Big[\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}+\log(\log\text{x})\Big]\\+\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}\Big[\frac{2\log\text{x}}{\text{x}}]
\text{y}=\text{x}^{\cos\text{x}}+(\sin\text{x})^{\tan\text{x}}
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\text{x}^{\cos\text{x}}+(\sin\text{x})^{\tan\text{x}}

\text{y}=\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^{\cos\text{x}}}+\text{e}^{\log(\sin\text{x})^{\tan\text{x}}}
\text{y}=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\tan\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}}\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\tan\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}\big)
=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x}\log\text{x}) \\ +\text{e}^{\tan\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x}\log\sin\text{x})
=\text{e}^{\log\text{x}^{\cos\text{x}}}\Big[\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})\Big] \\
+\text{e}^{\log(\sin\text{x})^{\tan\text{x}}}\Big[\tan\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\sin\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})\Big]
=\text{x}^{\cos\text{x}}\Big[\cos\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}(-\sin\text{x})\Big] \\ +(\sin\text{x})^{\tan\text{x}}\Big[\tan\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}
{\sin\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin)\text{x}+\log\sin\text{x}(\sec^2\text{x})\Big]
=\text{x}^{\cos\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\text{x}}-\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big] \\ +(\sin\text{x})^{\tan\text{x}}\Big[\tan\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\Big)
(\cos\text{x})+\sec^2\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}\Big]
=\text{x}^{\cos\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\text{x}}-\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}\Big] \\ +(\sin\text{x})^{\tan\text{x}}\big[1+\sec^2\text{x}\log\sin\text{x}\big]
Q540. Using mean value theorem, prove that there is a point on the curve y = 2x2 - 5x + 3 between the points A(1, 0) and B(2, 1), where tangent is parallel to the chord AB. Also, find that point. 4 Marks
Ans: We have, y = 2x2 - 5x + 3 which is continuous in [1, 2] as it is a polynomial function.

Also, y’ = 4x - 5, which exists in (1, 2).
By mean value theorem, \exists\text{ c}\in(1,2) at which drawn tangent is parallel to the chord AB,
where A and B are (1, 0) and (2, 1), respectively.
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(2)-\text{f}(1)}{2-1}
\Rightarrow\ 4\text{c}-5=\frac{(8-10+3)-(2-5+3)}{1}
\Rightarrow\ 4\text{c}-5=1
\Rightarrow\ \text{c}=\frac{6}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\in(1,2)
For \text{x}=\frac{3}{2},\ \text{y}=2\Big(\frac{3}{2}\Big)^2-5\Big(\frac{3}{2}\Big)+3
=2\times\frac{9}{4}-\frac{15}{2}+3=\frac{9-15+6}{2}=0
Hence, \Big(\frac{3}{2},0\Big) is the point on the curve y = 2x2 - 5x + 3 between the points
A(1, 0) and B(2, 1) where tangent is parallel to the chord AB.
\text {f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text x}{|\text x|},\ \ \text {if x}<0\\-1,\ \text{if x} \geq 0\end{cases}
Ans: Here \text {f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text x}{|\text x|},\ \ \text {if x}<0\\-1,\ \text{if x} \geq 0\end{cases}
Function f is defined for all points of the real line.
Three cases arise:
Case I: c < 0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\big(\frac{\text{x}}
{\text{-x}}\big) =^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(-1) = -1
Also \text{f(c)} = \frac{\text c} {|\text c|} = \frac{\text{c}}{-\text{c}} = -1
\therefore f is continuous at all point x < 0
Case II: c > 0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\big(\frac{\text{x}}
{\text{x}}\big) =^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(1) = 1
Also \text{f(c)} = \frac{\text c} {|\text c|} = \frac{\text{c}}{\text{c}} = 1
Case III: c = 0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|} = ^{\ \
\text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{-x}}\big) =^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}(-1) = -1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|} = ^{\ \
\text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}}\big) =^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}(1) = 1
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
Q542. If (cos x)y = (sin y)x, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 4 Marks
Ans: (cos x)y = (sin y)x

\Rightarrow y log cos x = x log sin y
\therefore log (cos x). \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} - y . tan x = log sin y + x cot y . \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} (log cos x - x cot y) = log sin y + y tan x
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\log\sin\text{y + y tan x}}{\text{log cos x - x}\cdot\text{cot y}}.
Q543. If \sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{3}{\text{x}}\Big)+\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{4}{\text{x}}\Big)=\frac{\pi}{2}, then find the value of x. 4 Marks
Ans: \sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{3}{\text{x}}\Big)+\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{4}{\text{x}}\Big)=\frac{\pi}{2}
\Rightarrow\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{3}{\text{x}}\Big)=\frac{\pi}{2}-\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{4}{\text{x}}\Big)=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{4}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{3}{\text{x}}\Big)=\sin^{-1}\bigg(\sqrt{1-\frac{16}{\text{x}^2}}\bigg)
\Rightarrow\Big(\frac{3}{\text{x}}\Big)^2=\frac{\text{x}^2-16}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2=25
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\pm5,\ \text{x}=-5 (rejected)
\therefore\text{x}=5
Q544. Discuss the continuity of the function f, where f is defined by 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\ 3,\ \ \text{if}\ 0\leq \text{x}\leq 1 \\4,\ \ \text{if}\ 1<\text{x}<3\\5,\ \text{if}\ 3\leq\text{x}\leq10\end{cases}
Ans: The given function is \text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\ 3,\ \ \text{if}\ 0\leq \text{x}\leq 1 \\4,\ \ \text{if}\ 1<\text{x}<3\\5,\ \text{if}\ 3\leq\text{x}\leq10\end{cases}
The function f is definedc at all points of the
interval [0, 10].
Let k be the point in the interval [0, 10].
Then, we have 5 cases i. e. 0\leq\text{k}<1, \text{k}= 1, 1<\text{k}
<3, \text{k} = 3\ \text{or}\ 3 < \text{k}\leq 10.
Now, Case I: 0\leq\text{k}<1
Then, f(k) = 3
Hence, f is continuous in the interval [0, 10].
Case II: k = 1
f(1) = 3
Case III: 1 < k < 3
Then, f(x) = 4
Hence, f is continuous in (1, 3).
Case IV: k = 3
Case V: 3 < \text{k}\leq 10
Then, f(k) = 5
Thus ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(k)}
Hence, f is contionuous at all points of the
interval [3, 10].
Therefore, x = 1 and 3 are the points of
discontinuity of f.
Q545. If \tan(\text{x}+\text{y})+\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})=1, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \tan(\text{x}+\text{y})+\tan(\text{x}-\text{y})=1

\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1)
\Rightarrow\ \sec^2(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})+\sec^2(\text{x}-\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-\text{y})=0
\Rightarrow\ \sec^2(\text{x}+\text{y})\Big[1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]+\sec^2(\text{x}-\text{y})\Big[1-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]=0
\Rightarrow\ \sec^2(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\sec^2(\text{x}-\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \\ =-\big[\sec^2(\text{x}-\text{y})+\sec^2(\text{x}-\text{y})\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big[\sec^2(\text{x}+\text{y})-\sec^2(\text{x}-\text{y})\big] \\ =-\big[\sec^2(\text{x}+\text{y})+\sec^2(\text{x}-\text{y})\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sec^2(\text{x}+\text{y})+\sec^2(\text{x}-\text{y})}{\sec^2(\text{x}-\text{y})-\sec^2(\text{x}+\text{y})}
eax+b.
Ans: Let f(x) = eax+b

⇒ f(x + h) = ea(x+h)+b
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{\text{a}(\text{x}+\text{h})+\text{b}}-\text{e}^{(\text{ax}+\text{b})}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{\text{ax}+\text{b}}\text{e}^{\text{ah}}-\text{e}^{\text{ax}+\text{b}}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{ e}^{\text{ax}+\text{b}}\left\{\frac{(\text{e}^{\text{ah}}-1)}{\text{ah}}\right\}\times\text{a}
=\text{ae}^{\text{ax}+\text{b}} \lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\left\{\frac{(\text{e}^{\text{ah}}-1)}{\text{ah}}\right\}
=\text{ae}^{\text{ax}+\text{b}}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{\text{ax}}+\text{b})=\text{ae}^{\text{ax}+\text{b}}
Q547. If \text{y}=\text{e}^{2\text{x}}(\text{ax}+\text{b}), show that \text{y}_2-\text{4}\text{y}_1+4\text{y}=0 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\text{e}^{2\text{x}}(\text{ax}+\text{b}),
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{2\text{x}}(\text{a})+2(\text{ax}+b)(\text{e}^{2\text{x}})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{ae}^{2\text{x}}+2\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{ae}^{2\text{x}}+2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\text{ae}^{2\text{x}}+4\text{y}-4\text{y}=2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-4\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-4\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+4\text{y}=0
\Rightarrow\text{y}_2-4\text{y}_1+4\text{y}=0
Hence proved
Q548. Find the relationship between 'a' and 'b' so that the function 'f' defind by \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{ax}+1,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq3\\\text{bx}+3,&\text{if }\text{ x}>3\end{cases} is 4 Marks
continuous at x = 3.
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{ax}+1,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq3\\\text{bx}+3,&\text{if }\text{ x}>3\end{cases}
We have,
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{a}(3-\text{h})+1=3\text{a}+1
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{b}(3+\text{h})+3=3\text{b}+3
\Rightarrow3\text{a}+1=3\text{b}+3
\Rightarrow3\text{a}-3\text{b}=2
Hence, the required relationship between a & b is 3a - 2b = 2
Q549. Is the function defined by \text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\text{x} + 5,\ \ \text{if x}\leq 1 \\\text{x} - 5,\ \ \text{if x}>1\end{cases} 4 Marks
a continuous function?
Ans: Here \text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\text{x} + 5,\ \ \text{if x}\leq 1 \\\text{x} - 5,\ \ \text{if x}>1\end{cases}
Three cases arise:
Case I: c < 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{(x} + 5) = \text{c} + 5
f(c) = c + 5
Case II: c > 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x} - 5) = \text{c} - 5
f(c) = c - 5
Case III: c = 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{(x} + 5) = 1 + 5 = 6
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{(x} - 5) = 1 - 5 = -4
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{-}}\text{f(x)} \neq ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
\text {f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\left|\text x\right|}{\text x},\ \ \text {if x}\neq0\\0,\ \ \ \ \text{if x} = 0\end{cases}
Ans: Here \text {f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\left|\text x\right|}{\text x},\ \ \text {if x}\neq0\\0,\ \ \ \ \text{if x} = 0\end{cases}
Function f is defined for all points of the real line.
Three cases arise:
Case I: c < 0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\frac{|\text{x}|}{\text{x}} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\big(\frac{\text{-
x}}{\text{x}}\big) =^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(-1) = -1
Also \text{f(c)} = \frac{|c|} {3} = \frac{-\text{c}}{\text{c}} = -1
\therefore f is continuous at all point x < 0
Case II: c > 0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\frac{|\text{x}|}{\text{x}} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\big(\frac{\text{x}}
{\text{x}}\big) =^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}(1) = 1
Also \text{f(c)} = \frac{|c|} {\text c} = \frac{\text{c}}{\text{c}} = 1
\therefore f is continuous at all points x > 0
Case III: c = 0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\frac{|\text{x}|}{\text{x}} = ^{\ \
\text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\big(\frac{\text{-x}}{\text{x}}\big) =^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}(-1) = -1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\frac{|\text{x}|}{\text{x}} = ^{\ \
\text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}}\big) =^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}(1) = 1
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{-}}\text{f(x)} \neq ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
Q551. Show that \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin 3\text{x}}{\tan2\text{x}},&\text{if } \text{x}<0\\\frac{3}{2},&\text{if }\text{x} = 0\\\frac{\log(1+3\text{x})} 4 Marks
{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}},&\text{if}\text{ x}>0\end{cases} is discontinuous at x = 0.
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin 3\text{x}}{\tan2\text{x}},&\text{if } \text{x}<0\\\frac{3}{2},&\text{if }\text{x} = 0\\\frac{\log(1+3\text{x})}{\text{e}^{2\text{x}}},&\text{if}\text{
x}>0\end{cases}
We observe
\text{(LHL at x}=0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0-\text{h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(-\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\sin3(-\text{h})}{\tan2(-\text{h})}\Big)=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\sin3\text{h}}{\tan2\text{h}}\Big)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Bigg(\frac{\frac{3\sin3\text{h}}{3\text{h}}}{\frac{2\tan2\text{h}}{2\text{h}}}\Bigg)
=\frac{\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{3\sin3\text{h}}{3\text{h}}\Big)}{\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{2\tan2\text{h}}{2\text{h}}\Big)}
=\frac{3\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\sin3\text{h}}{3\text{h}}\Big)}{2\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\tan2\text{h}}{2\text{h}}\Big)}
=\frac{3\times1}{2\times1}=\frac{3}{2}
\text{(RHL at x}=0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0+\text{h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\log(1+3\text{h})}{\text{e}^{2\text{h}}-1}\Big)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Bigg(\frac{3\text{h}\frac{\log(1+3\text{h})}{3\text{h}}}{2\text{h}\frac{(\text{e}^{2\text{h}-1})}{2\text{h}}}\Bigg)
\frac{3}{2}\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Bigg(\frac{\frac{\log(1+3\text{h})}{3\text{h}}}{\frac{(\text{e}^{2\text{h}}-1)}{2\text{h}}}\Bigg)
=\frac{3}{2}\frac{\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\log(1+3\text{h})}{3\text{h}}\Big)}{\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{(\text{e}^{2\text{h}-1})}{2\text{h}}\Big)}
=\frac{3\times1}{2\times1}=\frac{3}{2}
And, \text{f}(0)=\frac{3}{2}
\therefore\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{f}(0)
Q552. AB is the diameter of a circle and C is any point on the circle. Show that the area of triangle ABC is maximum, when it is an isosceles triangle. 4 Marks
Ans:
Correct Figure
Let the length of sides of \triangle\ \text{ABC} are, AC = x and BC = y
⇒ x2 + y2 = 4r2 and Area A = \frac{1}{\text{2}}\text{xy}
\text{A}=\frac{1}{2}\text{x}\sqrt{4\text{r}^2-\text{x}^2}\ \ \text{or}\ \text{S}=\frac{\text{x}^2}{4}(4\text{r}^2-\text{x}^2)
\text{S}=\frac{1}{4}[4\text{r}^2\text{x}^2-\text{x}^4]
\therefore\ \frac{\text{ds}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{4}[8\text{r}^2\text{x}-4\text{x}^3]
\frac{\text{ds}}{\text{dx}}=0\Rightarrow2\text{r}^2=\text{x}^2\Rightarrow\text{x}=\sqrt2\text{r}
\text{and}\ \text{y}=\sqrt{4\text{r}^2-2\text{r}^2}=\sqrt2\text{r}
\text{and}\frac{\text{d}^2\text{s}}{\text{ds}^2}=\frac{1}{4}[8\text{r}^2-12\text{x}^2]=\frac{1}{4}[8\text{r}^2-24\text{r}^2]<0
\therefore\ For maximum area, x = y i.e., \triangle\ is isosceles.
\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac{2^{\text{x} + 1}.3^{\text{x}}}{1 + (36)^{\text{x}}}\bigg)
Ans: Let \text{y} = \sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac{2^{\text{x} + 1 }.3^{\text{x}}}{1 +(36)^{\text{x}}}\bigg) = \sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac{2.2^{\text{x}}.3^{\text{x}}}{1 + (6^{2})^{\text{x}}}\bigg) =

\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac{2.6^{\text{x}}}{1 + (6^{\text{x}})^{2}}\bigg)
Let 6^{\text{x}} = \tan\theta\Rightarrow\theta = \tan^{-1}(6^{\text{x}})
\therefore\text{y} = \sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac{2\tan\theta}{1 + \tan^{2}\theta}\bigg)\Rightarrow\text{y} = \sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)
\Rightarrow\text{y} = 2 \theta\Rightarrow\text{y} = 2.\tan^{-1}(6^{\text{x}})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{2}{1 + (6^{\text{x}})^{2}}.\log_{e}6.6^{\text{x}}\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{2.6^{\text{x}}.\log_{e}6}{1 + 36^{\text{x}}}.
Q554. If (\text{x}-\text{y})\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}}=\text{a}, prove that \text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{x}=2\text{y} 4 Marks
Ans: Consider the given function, (\text{x}-\text{y})\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}}=\text{a}.

We need to prove that \text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{x}=2\text{y}.
Differentiating the given equation w.r.t 'x' we get
(\text{x}-\text{y})\Bigg[\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}}\Bigg(\frac{(\text{x}-\text{y})-\text{x}\big(1-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big)}{(\text{x}-
\text{y})^2}\Bigg)\Bigg]+\text{e}^\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}\Big(1-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow\frac{(\text{x}-\text{y})-\text{x}\Big(1-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)}{(\text{x}-\text{y})}+\Big(1-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow\Big(1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)\Big(1-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}\Big)+1=0
\Rightarrow\Big(1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)\Big(\frac{-\text{y}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}\Big)+1=0
\Rightarrow-\text{y}+\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{x}-\text{y}=0
\Rightarrow\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{x}=2\text{y}
Q555. If \sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}+\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}=\text{a}(\text{x}-\text{y}), prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sqrt{\frac{1-\text{y}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}}. 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}+\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}=\text{a}(\text{x}-\text{y})

On putting \text{x}=\sin\alpha and \text{y}=\sin\beta, we get
\sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}+\sqrt{1-\sin\beta}=\text{a}(\sin\alpha-\sin\beta)
\Rightarrow\ \cos\alpha+\cos\beta=\text{a}(\sin\alpha-\sin\beta)
\Rightarrow\ 2\cos\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\cdot\cos\frac{\alpha-\beta}{2}=2\text{a}\cos\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\sin\frac{\alpha-\beta}{2}
\Rightarrow\ \cos\frac{\alpha-\beta}{2}=\text{a}\sin\frac{\alpha-\beta}{2}
\Rightarrow\ \cot\frac{\alpha-\beta}{2}=\text{a}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\alpha-\beta}{2}=\cot^{-1}\text{a}
\Rightarrow\ \alpha-\beta=2\cot^{-1}\text{a}
\Rightarrow\ \sin^{-1}\text{x}-\sin^{-1}\text{y}=2\cot^{-1}\text{a} [\because\text{x}=\sin\alpha\text{ and y}=\sin\beta]
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{y}^2}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\sin\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dy}}\Big(\sin\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)\Big)
=\cos\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)
[Using chain rule]
=\cos\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)\Bigg[\frac{(1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x}^2)-(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}^2)}{(1-\text{x})^2}\Bigg]
[Using chain rule]
=\cos\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)\bigg[\frac{(1-\text{x}^2)(2\text{x})-(1+\text{x}^2)(-2\text{x})}{(1-\text{x}^2)^2}\bigg]
=\cos\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)\Big[\frac{2\text{x}-2\text{x}^3+2\text{x}+2\text{x}^3}{(1-\text{x}^2)^2}\Big]
=\frac{4\text{x}}{\big(1-\text{x}^2\big)^2}\cos\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\sin\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)\Big)=\frac{4\text{x}}{\big(1-\text{x}^2\big)^2}\cos\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)
(\tan\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\tan\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log(\tan\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\log\text{y}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log(\tan\text{x})\ \big[\text{Since}, \log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\tan\text{x})+\log(\tan\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\times\frac{1}{\tan\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})+\log(\tan\text{x})\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\Big)
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}\tan\text{x}}(\sec^2\text{x})-\frac{\log(\tan\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{\sec^2\text{x}}{\text{x}\tan\text{x}}-\frac{\log(\tan\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\tan\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\sec^2\text{x}}{\text{x}\tan\text{x}}-\frac{\log(\tan\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}\Big]
Q558. Find all point of discontinuity of the function \text{f(t)}=\frac{1}{\text{t}^2+\text{t}-2}, where \text{t}=\frac{1}{\text{x}-1} 4 Marks
Ans: \text{f(t)}=\frac{1}{\text{t}^2+\text{t}-2}, where \text{t}=\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}
Clearly \text{t}=\frac{1}{\text{x}-1} is discontinuous at x = 1
For \text{x}\neq1, we get
\text{f(t)}=\frac{1}{\text{t}^2+\text{t}-2}=\frac{1}{(\text{t}-2)(\text{t}-1)}
This is discontinuous at t = -2 and t = 1
For t = -2, \text{t}=\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}
For t = 1, \text{t}=\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}
⇒x=2
Hence, f is discontinuous at \text{x}=\frac{1}{2}, x = 1 and x = 2
Q559. \text{If (x}-\text{a})^2+(\text{y}-\text{b})^2=\text{c}^2, for some c > 0 , prove that 4 Marks
\frac{\Big[1+\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2\Big]^{\frac{3}{2}}}{\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}}
is a constant independent of a and b.
Ans: It is given that, \text{(x}-\text{a})^2+(\text{y}-\text{b})^2=\text{c}^2

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[(\text{x}-\text{a})^2]+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[(\text{y}-\text{b})^2]=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{c}^2)
\Rightarrow\ 2(\text{x}-\text{a}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-\text{a})+2(\text{y}-\text{b}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}-\text{b})=0
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-(\text{x}-\text{a})}{\text{y}-\text{b}}\ \dots(1)
\therefore\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{-(\text{x}-\text{a})}{\text{y}-\text{b}}\Big]
=-\Bigg[\frac{(\text{y}-\text{b}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-\text{a})-(\text{x}-\text{a}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}-\text{b})}{(\text{y}-\text{b})^2}\Bigg]
=-\Bigg[\frac{(\text{y}-\text{b})-(\text{x}-\text{a}).\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}}{(\text{y}-\text{b})^2}\Bigg]
=-\Bigg[\frac{(\text{y}-\text{b})-(\text{x}-\text{a}).\Big\{\frac{-(\text{x}-\text{a})}{\text{y}-\text{b}}\Big\}}{(\text{y}-\text{b})^2}\Bigg]\ \ [\text{using (1)}]
=-\Big[\frac{(\text{y}-\text{b})^2+(\text{x}-\text{a})^2}{(\text{y}-\text{b})^3}\Big]
\therefore\ \Bigg[\frac{1+\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2}{\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}}\Bigg]^{\frac{3}{2}} =\frac{\Bigg[1+\frac{(\text{x}-\text{a})^2}{(\text{y}-
\text{b})^2}\Bigg]^{\frac{3}{2}}}{-\Bigg[\frac{(\text{y}-\text{b})^2+(\text{x}-\text{a})^2}{(\text{y}-\text{b})^3}\Bigg]} =\frac{\Bigg[\frac{(\text{y})-\text{b})^2+(\text{x}-\text{a})^2}{(\text{y}-
\text{b})^2}\Bigg]^{\frac{3}{2}}}{-\Bigg[\frac{(\text{y}-\text{b})^2+(\text{x}-\text{a})^2}{(\text{y}-\text{b})^3}\Bigg]}
=\frac{\Bigg[\frac{\text{c}^2}{(\text{y}-\text{b})^2}\Bigg]^{\frac{3}{2}}}{-\frac{\text{c}^2}{(\text{y}-\text{b})^3}}=\frac{\frac{\text{c}^3}{(\text{y}-\text{b})^3}}{-\frac{\text{c}^2}{(\text{y}-
\text{b})^3}}
= -c, which is constant and is independent of a and b
Hence, proved.
Q560. If \text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^{(\sin\text{x})^{(\sin\text{x})^{....\infty}}}, prove that \frac{\text{y}^2\cot\text{x}}{(1-\text{y}\log\sin\text{x})} 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^{(\sin\text{x})^{(\sin\text{x})^{....\infty}}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^\text{y}
\log\text{y}=\log(\sin\text{x})^{\text{y}}
\log\text{y}=\text{y}(\log\sin\text{x})
Differentiating it with respect to x, using product rule,
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{y}}-\log\sin\text{x}\Big)=\frac{\text{y}}{\sin\text{x}}(\cot\text{x})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1-\text{y}\log\sin\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big)=\text{y}\cot\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Big(\frac{\text{y}^2\cot\text{x}}{1-\text{y}\log\sin\text{x}}\Big)
Q561. If \text{x}=\sin\text{t} and \text{y}=\sin\text{pt}, prove that (1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{p}^2\text{ y}=0. 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\sin\text{t} and \text{y}=\sin\text{pt}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\cos\text{t} and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\text{p}\cos\text{pt}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{\text{p}\cdot\cos\text{pt}}{\cos\text{t}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}'=\frac{\text{p}\cdot\cos\text{pt}}{\cos\text{t}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}'^2\cos^2\text{t}=\text{p}^2\cos^2\text{pt}
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}'^{2}(1-\sin^2\text{t})=\text{p}^2(1-\sin^2\text{pt})
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}'^2(1-\text{x}^2)=\text{p}^2(1-\text{y}^2)
Differentiating above w.r.t. x, we get
2\text{y}'\text{y}''(1-\text{x}^2)-2\text{xy}'^2=\text{p}^2(-2\text{yy}')
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}''(1-\text{x}^2)-\text{xy}'=-\text{p}^2\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}''(1-\text{x}^2)-\text{xy}'+\text{p}^2\text{y}=0
Q562. Prove that the function \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}},&\text{x}<0\\\text{x}+1,&\text{x}\geq0\end{cases} is everywhere continuous. 4 Marks

\text{f(x)}=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}}
We know that \sin\text{x} as well as the identity function x are everywhere continuous.
So, the quotient function \text{f(x)}=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}} is continuous at each x < 0
When x > 0, we have f(x) = x + 1, which is a polynomial function.
Therefore, f(x) is continuous at each x > 0
Now, Let us consider the point x = 0
Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\text{x}},&\text{x}<0\\\text{x}+1,&\text{x}\geq0\end{cases}
We have,
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin(-\text{h})}{-\text{h}}\Big)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin(\text{h})}
{\text{h}}\Big)=1
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\text{h}+1)=1
Also,
\text{f}(0)=0+1=1
\therefore\ \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(0)
Hence, f(x) is everywhere continuous.
Q563. If \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}, prvoe that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sqrt{\text{y}^2-4} 4 Marks
Ans: Differentiating with respect to x,

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}{\text{e}}^{-\text{x}}
=\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(-\text{x}\big)
[Using chain rule]
=\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}(-1)
=\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)
=\sqrt{\big(\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\big)^2-4\text{e}^{\text{x}}\times\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}
\Big[\text{Since},(\text{a}-\text{b}=\sqrt{(\text{a}+\text{b})^2-4\text{ab}}\Big]
=\sqrt{\text{y}^2-4}
\big[\text{Since e}^\text{x}+\text{e}^{-\text{x}}=\text{y}\big]
Hence, the solution is, \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sqrt{\text{y}^2-4}
Q564. If \text{y}=\text{x}\sin(\text{a}+\text{y}), prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin^2(\text{a}+\text{y})}{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})-\text{y}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})} 4 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\text{x}\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})
Differentiating with respect to x using the chain rule and product rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})+\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})
(1-\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y}))\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})}{(1-\text{x}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y}))}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})}{\Big(1-\frac{\text{y}}{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})\Big)}\ \Big[\text{Since}\frac{\text{y}}
{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})}=\text{x}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin^2(\text{a}+\text{y})}{\sin(\text{a}+\text{y})-\text{y}\cos(\text{a}+\text{y})}
Q565. \text{If y = x}^{x},\text{Prove that } \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} - \frac{\text{1}}{\text{y}}\bigg(\frac{dy}{dx}\bigg)^{2} - \frac{y}{x} = 0. 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y = x}^{\text{x}}\Rightarrow \log \text{y = x.}\log\text{x}

\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = (1 + \log \text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}^{2}{\text{y}}}{\text{ dx}^{2}} - \frac{1}{\text{y}^{2}} \bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^{2} = \frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow \frac{\text{d}^{2}\text{y}}{\text{dx}^{2}} - \frac{1}{\text{y}} \bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^{2}-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}} = 0
Q566. If \text{y}=\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}, prvoe that \text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{x}=0 4 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{y}=\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}\big)
=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2\big)
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}}\times(2\text{x})
=\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\ \Big[\text{Since},\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}^2}=\text{y}\Big]
\Rightarrow \text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{x}=0
Q567. Determine if f defined by: 4 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^{2} \sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}, \text{if} \ \text{x}\neq0\\0, \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x} = 0\end{cases}
Ans: It is given that \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}^{2} \sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}, \text{if} \ \text{x}\neq0\\0, \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x} = 0\end{cases}
Case I: \text{k} \neq 0,
Then \text{f(k)} =\text{k}^{2} \sin\frac{1}{\text{k}}
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\Big(\text{x}^{2}\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big) = \text{k}^{2}\sin \frac{\text{1}}{\text{k}}
Thus, f is continuous at all points x that is \text{x}\neq0.
Case II: k = 0
Then f(k) = f(0) = 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\Big(\text{x}^{2}\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big) =^{\ \
\text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\Big( \text{x}^{2}\sin \frac{\text{1}}{\text{x}}\Big)
We know that -1 \leq\sin\frac{1}{\text {x}}\leq1, \text{x}\neq0
\rightarrow \text{x}^{2}\leq \text{x}^{2}\sin\frac{1}{\text {x}}\leq0
\Rightarrow^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}}\Big(\text{x}^{2}\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big) = 0
\Rightarrow^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = 0
similarly,
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\Big(\text{x}^{2}\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big) =^{\ \
\text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}}\Big( \text{x}^{2}\sin \frac{\text{1}}{\text{x}}\Big) = 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(0)}= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
Therefore , f is continuous at x = 0.
Therefore, f is has no point of discontinuity.
Q568. If \sec\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}\Big)=\text{a} prove that \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \sec\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}\Big)=\text{a}

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x}-\text{y}}=\sec^{-1}({\text{a}})
Differentiate with respect to x, we get,
\Rightarrow\bigg[\frac{(\text{x}-\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})-(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-\text{y})}{(\text{x}-\text{y}}\bigg]=0
\Rightarrow(\text{x}-\text{y})\Big(1+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big)-(\text{x}+\text{y})\Big(1-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow(\text{x}-\text{y})+(\text{x}-\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-(\text{x}+\text{y})+(\text{x}+\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}[\text{x}-\text{y}+\text{x}+\text{y}]=\text{x}+\text{y}-\text{x}+\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})=2\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}
\text{x}^\text{y}+\text{y}^\text{x}=1
Ans: Given: \text{x}^\text{y}+\text{y}^\text{x}=1\ \Rightarrow\ \text{u}+\text{v}=1,\text{where u}=\text{x}^\text{y}\text{ and v}=\text{y}^\text{x}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{u}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{v}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}1\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=0\
\dots\text{(i)}
Now \text{u}=\text{x}^\text{y}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{u}=\log\text{x}^\text{y}=\text{y}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{u}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}\log\text{x})\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}
{\text{dx}}=\text{u}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\text{y}\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\text{x}^\text{y}\frac{\text{y}}
{\text{x}}+\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}\text{y}+\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\ \dots\text{(ii)}
Again \text{v}=\text{y}^\text{x}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{v}=\log\text{y}^\text{x}=\text{x}\log\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{v}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{y})\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log\text{y}+\log\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}.1\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}
{\text{dx}}=\text{v}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}^\text{x}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}\Big)=\text{y}^\text{x} \frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}^{\text{x}-1}\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}\ \dots\text{(iii)}
Putting values from eq. (ii) and (iii) in eq. (i),
\text{x}^{\text{x}-1}\text{y}+\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^{\text{x}-1}\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}=0
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{x}+\text{y}^{\text{x}-1}\text{x})=-\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}\text{y}-\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-(\text{x}^{\text{y}-1}\text{y}-\text{y}^\text{x}\log\text{y})}{\text{x}^\text{y}\log\text{x}+\text{y}^{\text{x}-1}\text{x}}
Q570. If \text{y}\log(1+\cos\text{x}), prove that \frac{\text{d}^3\text{y}}{\text{dx}^3}+\frac{\text{d}^\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}.\frac{\text{d}\text{y}}{\text{dx}}=0 4 Marks
Ans: \text{y}\log(1+\cos\text{x}),
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+\cos\text{x}}\times-\sin\text{x}=\frac{-\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\Big[\frac{(1+\cos\text{x})\cos\text{x}-\sin(-\sin\text{x})}{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\Big[\frac{\cos\text{x}+\cos^2\text{x}+\sin^2\text{x}}{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\Big]=-\Big[\frac{1+\cos\text{x}}
{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\Big]=\frac{-1}{1+\cos\text{x}}
Differentiating w.r.t.x
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^3}=-\Big(\frac{+1}{(1+\cos\text{x})^2}\times+\sin\text{x}\Big)\\=-\Big(\frac{-\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)\times\Big(\frac{-1}
{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)=-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}.\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^3\text{y}}{\text{dx}^3}+\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\text{x}^\text{x}-2^{\sin\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^\text{x}-2^{\sin\text{x}}

Putting \text{u}=\text{x}^\text{x}\text{ and v }=2^{\sin\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\text{u}-\text{v}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}-\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\ \dots\text{(i)}
Now, u = xx \ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{u}=\log\text{x}^\text{x}=\text{x}\log\text{x}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{u}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{x}) \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}.1 \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=1+\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\text{u}(1+\log\text{x}) =\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})\ \dots\text{(ii)}
Again, \text{v}=2^{\sin\text{x}}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}2^{\sin\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=2^{\sin \text{x}}\log2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}=\ \Big[\because\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\text{a}^{\text{f(x)}}=\text{a}^{\text{f(x)}}\log\text{a}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{f(x)}\Big]
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=2^{\sin\text{x}}(\log2).\cos\text{x}=\cos\text{x}.2^{\sin\text{x}}\log2\ \dots\text{(iii)}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})-\cos\text{x}.2^{\sin\text{x}}\log2
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^4-16}{\text{x}-2},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq2\\16,&\text{if }\text{ x}=2\end{cases}
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^4-16}{\text{x}-2},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq2\\16,&\text{if }\text{ x}=2\end{cases}

When \text{x}\neq2, then
\text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{x}^4-16}{\text{x}-2}=\frac{\text{x}^4-2^4}{\text{x}-2}=\frac{(\text{x}^2-4)(\text{x}-2)(\text{x}+2)}{\text{x}-2}=(\text{x}^2+4)(\text{x}+2)
Therefore, the functions (x2 + 4) and (x + 2) are everywhere continuous.
So, the product function x2 + 4x + 2 is everywhere continuous.
Thus, f(x) is continuous at every \text{x}\neq2
At x = 2, we have
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[(2-\text{h})^2+4\big](2-\text{h}+2)=8(4)=32
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[(2+\text{h})^2+4\big](2+\text{h}+2)=8(4)=32
Also, f(2) = 16
Q573. If u, v and w are functions of x, then show that 4 Marks
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{u. v. w)}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}\text{ v. w}+\text{u }\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\text{ w}+\text{u.v}\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}
in two ways - first by repeated application of product rule, second by logarithmic
differentiation.
Ans: Given: u, v and w are functions of x.

To prove: \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{u. v. w)}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}\text{ y.w}+\text{u }\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\text{ w}+\text{u.v}\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}
1. By repeated application of product rule:
\text{L.H.S } \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{u.v.w)}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[(\text{uv).w}]=\text{uv}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{w}+\text{w}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{(uv)}
=\text{uv}\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}+\text{w}\Big[\text{u}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{v}+\text{v}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{u}\Big]=\text{uv}\frac{\text{dw}}
{\text{dx}}+\text{uw}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}+\text{vw}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}
=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}\text{.v.w}+\text{u}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\text{.w}+\text{u.v.}\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}=\text{R.H.S}\ \ \ \text{Hence proved}.
2. By Logarithmic differentiation:
Let y = uvw \ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{y}=\log(\text{u.v.w)}
\Rightarrow\ \log\text{y}=\log\text{u}+\log\text{v}+\log\text{w}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{y}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{u}+\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\log\text{v}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{w}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{1}{\text{w}}\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}\
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{1}{\text{w}}\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
Putting y = uvw, we get
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{u.v.w)}=\text{uvw}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{1}{\text{v}}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{1}{\text{w}}\frac{\text{dw}}
{\text{dx}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{(u.v.w)}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}\text{.v.w}+\text{u.}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\text{.w}+\text{u.v.}\frac{\text{dw}}{\text{dx}}\ \ \ \text{Hence
proved}.
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{1+6\text{x}^3}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{1+6\text{x}^3}\Big)

\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{3\text{x}-2\text{x}}{1+(3\text{x})(2\text{x})}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}3\text{x}-\tan^{-1}2\text{x}
\Big[\text{Since}, \tan^{-1}\text{x}-\tan^{-1}\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-\text{y}}{1+\text{xy}}\Big)\Big]
Differentiate it with respect to x using chain rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+(3\text{x})^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x})-\frac{1}{1+(2\text{x})^3}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+9\text{x}^2}(3)-\frac{1}{1+4\text{x}^2}(2)
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{3}{1+9\text{x}^2}-\frac{2}{1+4\text{x}^2}
Q575. If \text{x}=\cot\text{t and y}=\sin\text{t}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\text{ at t}=\frac{2\pi}{3} 4 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\cos\text{t} and \text{y}=\sin\text{t}

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos\text{t}) and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin\text{t})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=-\sin\text{t} and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\cos\text{t}
\therefore\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{\cos\text{t}}{-\sin\text{t}}=-\cot{\text{t}}
Now, \big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big)_{\text{t}=\frac{2\pi}{3}}=-\cot\big(\frac{2\pi}{3}\big)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}
y = 12(x + 1)(x - 2) on [-1, 2]
Ans: Let f(x) = 12(x + 1)(x - 2) ...(1)

⇒ f(x) = 12(x2 - x - 2)
⇒ f(x) = 12x2 - 12x - 24
Since f(x) is a polynomial function, f(x) is continuous on [-1, 2] and differentiable on (1, 2).
Also,
f(2) = f(-1) = 0
Consequently, there exists at least one point \text{c}\in(-1,2) for which f'(c) = 0.
But \text{f}'(\text{c})=0
\Rightarrow24\text{c}-12=0
\Rightarrow\text{c}=\frac{1}{2}
\therefore\ \text{f}(\text{c})=\text{f}\Big(\frac{1}{2}\Big)=-12\Big(\frac{3}{2}\Big)\Big(\frac{3}{2}\Big)=-27
By the geometrical interepretetion of Rolle's theorem, \Big(\frac{1}{2}\Big),-27 is the point on y = 12(x + 1)(x - 2) where the tangent is parallel to the x-axis.
Q577. Differentiate \sin^{-1}\Big(4\text{x}\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}\Big) with respect to \sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}, if: 4 Marks
\text{x}\in\Big(-\frac{1}{2},-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(4\text{x}\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}\Big)

Put 2\text{x}=\cos\theta \text{ So},
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(2\times\cos\theta\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}(2\cos\theta\sin\theta)
Let, \text{v}=\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}\ .....(\text{ii})
Here,
\text{x}\in\Big(\frac{1}{2},-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\Big)
\Rightarrow2\text{x}\in\Big(-1,-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},\Big)
\Rightarrow\theta\in\Big(\frac{3\pi}{4},\pi\Big)
\text{u}=\pi-2\theta
\Big[\text{Since},\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\pi-\theta,\text{ if }\theta\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{3\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\pi-2\cos^{-1}(2\text{x})\big[\text{Since},2\text{x}=\cos\theta\big]
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=0-2\bigg(\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-(2\text{x})^2}}\bigg)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2}{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}(2)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4}{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{vi})
From equation (iv)
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}
But, \text{x}\in\Big(-\frac{1}{2},-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\Big)
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4(-\text{x})}{\sqrt{1-4(-\text{x})^2}}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{vii})
Dividing equation (vi) by (vii),
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{-4}{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}\times\frac{\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}}{4\text{x}}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=-\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\text{e}^{\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\text{e}^\sqrt{{\cot\text{x}}}

\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\text{e}^{(\cot\text{x})^\frac{1}{2}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{e}^{(\cot\text{x})^\frac{1}{2}}\Big)
=\text{e}^{(\cot\text{x})^\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cot\text{x})^\frac{1}{2}
[Using chain rule]
=\text{e}^\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\times\frac{1}{2}(\cot\text{x})^{\frac{1}{2}-1}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cot\text{x})
=-\frac{\text{e}^\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\times\text{cosec}^2\text{x}}{2\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{e}^\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\Big)=-\frac{\text{e}^\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}\times\text{cosec}^2\text{x}}{2\sqrt{\cot\text{x}}}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos\text{kx}}{\text{x}\sin\text{x}},&\text{if x}\neq0\\\frac{1}{2},&\text{if x}=0\end{cases} at x = 0.
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos\text{kx}}{\text{x}\sin\text{x}},&\text{if x}\neq0\\\frac{1}{2},&\text{if x}=0\end{cases} at x = 0

At x = 0, \text{ LHL }=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-\cos\text{kx}}{\text{x}\sin\text{x}}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-\cos\text{k}(0-\text{h})}{(0-\text{h})\sin(0-
\text{h})}
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-\cos(-\text{kh})}{-\text{h}\sin(-\text{h})}
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-\cos\text{kh}}{-\text{h}\sin\text{h}} [\because \cos(-\theta)-\cos\theta,\sin(-\theta)=-\sin\theta]
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-1+2\sin^2\frac{\text{kh}}{2}}{\text{h}\sin\text{h}} \bigg[\because\cos\theta=1-2\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2}\bigg]
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\sin^2\frac{\text{kh}}{2}}{\text{h}\sin\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\sin\frac{\text{kh}}{2}}{\frac{\text{kh}}{2}}\cdot\frac{\sin\frac{\text{kh}}{2}}{\frac{\text{kh}}{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{\frac{\sin\text{h}}
{\text{h}}}\cdot\frac{\text{k}^2\frac{\text{h}}{4}}{\text{h}}
=\frac{2\text{k}^2}{4}=\frac{\text{k}^2}{2}\Big[\because\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin\text{h}}{\text{h}}=1\Big]
Also, f(0)=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow\frac{\text{k}^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}|\text{x}-3|,&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq1\\\frac{\text{x}^2}{4}-\frac{3\text{x}}{2}+\frac{13}{4},&\text{if }\text{ x}<1\end{cases}
Ans: When x >, then

f(x) = |x - 3|
Since modulus function is a continuous function, f(x) is continuous for each x > 1
When x < 1, then
\text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{x}^2}{4}-\frac{3\text{x}}{2}+\frac{13}{4}
Since, x2 & 3x are continuous being polynomial functions, x2 & 3x will also be continuous.
Also, \frac{13}{4} is continuous being a polymomial function.
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{x}^2}{4}-\frac{3\text{x}}{2}+\frac{13}{4} is continuous for eqch x < 1
⇒ f(x) is continuous for each x < 1
At x = 1, we have
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big[\frac{(1-\text{h}^2)}{4}-\frac{3(1-\text{h})}{2}+\frac{13}{4}\Big]=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{3}{2}+\frac{13}{4}=2
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[|1+\text{h}-3|\big]=|-2|=2
Also, \text{f}(1)=|1-3|=|-2|=2
Thus, \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}=(1)
Hence, f(x) is continuous at x = 1
Thus, the given function is now where discontinuous.
Q581. Differentiate \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}\Big) with respect to \sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}, if -1 < x < 1. 4 Marks
Ans: Let, \text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}}{1+\text{x}}\Big)

\Rightarrow\theta=\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\tan\theta}{1+\tan\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big[\tan\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\theta\Big)\Big]\ .....(\text{i})
Here,
-1<\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow\frac{\pi}{4}>-\theta>\frac{\pi}{4}
\Rightarrow-\frac{\pi}{4}<-\theta<\frac{\pi}{4}
\Rightarrow0<\frac{\pi}{4}-\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}
\text{u}=\frac{\pi}{4}-\theta
\Big[\text{Since,}\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\frac{\pi}{4}-\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=0-\Big(\frac{1}{1+\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}\ .....(\text{ii})
And
Let, \text{v}=\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}^2)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}(-2\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{iii})
Dividing equation (ii) by (iii),
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=-\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}\times\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x} ^2}}{-\text{x}}
\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{\text{x}(1+\text{x}^2)}
Q582. Differentiate \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big) with respect to \sin^{-1}\Big(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\Big), if -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} 4 Marks
Ans: Let, \text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)

\Rightarrow\theta=\sin^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\theta}{\sqrt{1-\sin^{2}\theta}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)\ .....(\text{i})
And
Let, \text{v}=\sin^{-1}(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2})
\text{v}=\sin^{-1}(2\sin\theta\sqrt{1-\sin^{2}\theta})
\text{v}-\sin^{-1}(2\sin\theta\cos\theta)
\text{v}=\sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)\ .....(\text{ii})
Here,
-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\text{u}=\theta\Big[\text{since,}\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}
Differentiatiating it with respect to x,
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{iii})
From equation (ii),
\text{v}=2\theta\Big[\text{Since,}\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{v}=2\sin^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{iv})
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{2}\Big)
\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{1}{2}
Q583. show that \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}-|\text{x}|}{2}, & \text{when} \text{ x}\neq 0\\2, & \text{when}\text{ x} = 0\end{cases} is discontinuous at x = 0. 3 Marks
Ans: We want, to check the continuty of the function at x = 0.

\text{LHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{ (x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0-\text{x)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{-\text{h}-|-\text{h|}}{2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{-\text{h}-\text{h}}{2}=0
\text{RHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{ (x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0+\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{h}-\text{(|h|)}}{2}=0
\text{f}(0)=2
Hence,The function is discotinuous at x = 0
This is rem ovable discontinuty.
Q584. Differentiate the functions with respect to x. 3 Marks
\frac{\sin(\text{ax + b)}}{\cos(\text{cx + d})}
Ans: \text{Let y} = \frac{\sin(\text{ax + b)}}{\cos(\text{cx + d})}

Using quotient rule,
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{\cos(\text{cx + d})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text(\text{ax + b})-\sin(\text{ax + b)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos(\text{cx} + \text{d})}
{\cos^2(\text{cx} + \text{d})}
= \frac{\cos(\text{cx + d})\cos\text(\text{ax + b})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{ax + b)}-\sin(\text{ax + b)}\left\{-\sin(\text{cx + d)}\right\}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{cx} + \text{d})}
{\cos^2(\text{cx} + \text{d})}
= \frac{\cos(\text{cx + d})\cos\text(\text{ax + b})(\text{a)}+\sin(\text{ax + b})\sin(\text{cx + d)}(\text{c})}{\cos^2(\text{cx} + \text{d})}
Q585. If f(x) is defined by f(x) x2. find f(2). 3 Marks
Ans: Given: f(x) = x2.

We know a polynomial function is everywhere differentiable. Therefore f(x) is differentiable at x = 2.
\text{f}'(2)=\lim_\limits{\text{k}\rightarrow0}\text{f}\frac{(2+\text{h})-\text{f}(2)}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(2)=\lim_\limits{\text{k}\rightarrow0}\text{f}\frac{(2+\text{h})2-22}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(2)=\lim_\limits{\text{k}\rightarrow0}\text{f}\frac{(4+\text{h}2-4\text{h})-4}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(2)=\lim_\limits{\text{k}\rightarrow0}\text{f}\frac{\text{h}(\text{h}+4)}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(2)=4
Q586. Find the derivative of the function f defined by f(x) = mx + c at x = 0. 3 Marks
Ans: Given: f(x) = mx + c

Clearly, being a polynomial function, is differentiable everywhere. Therefore the derivative of f at x is given by:
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h}-\text{f(x)})}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{m}(\text{x}+\text{h})+\text{c}-\text{mx}-\text{c}}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{mx}+\text{mh}+\text{c}-\text{mx}-\text{c}}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{mh}}{\text{h}}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(\text{x})=\text{m}
Thus, \text{f}'(0)=\text{m}
\text{e}^{\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\text{e}^{\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}\big)
=\text{e}^{\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)
[Using chain rule]
=\text{e}^{\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}\times\cos\sqrt{\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{\text{x}}
[Using chain rule]
=\text{e}^{\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}\times\cos\sqrt{\text{x}}\times\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}
=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}\times\cos\sqrt{\text{x}}\times\text{e}^{\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=\big(\text{e}^{\sin^\sqrt{\text{x}}}\big)=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}\cos\sqrt{\text{x}}\times\text{e}^{\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{a}+\text{x}}{1-\text{ax}}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{a}+\text{x}}{1-\text{ax}}\Big)

\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\text{a}+\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan^{-1}\text{a})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan^{-1}\text{x})
=0+\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}
Q589. If \text{y}=\text{ae}^{2\text{x}}+\text{be}^{-\text{x}}, show that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-2\text{y}=0 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\text{ae}^{2\text{x}}+\text{be}^{-\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{a}\text{e}^{2\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=4\text{a}\text{e}^{2\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2\text{a}\text{e}^{2\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-2\text{y}=0
Hence proved.
Q590. If \text{y}=3\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+2\text{e}^{3\text{x}} prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-5\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+6\text{y}=0 3 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=3\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+2\text{e}^{3\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=6\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+6\text{e}^{3\text{x}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=12\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+18\text{e}^{3\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=5(6\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+6\text{e}^{3\text{x}})-6(3\text{e}^{2\text{x}}+2\text{e}^{3\text{x}})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=5\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)-6\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-5\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)+6\text{y}=0
\sin\text{x}^2+\sin^2\text{x}+\sin^2(\text{x}^2)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin\text{x}^2+\sin^2\text{x}+\sin^2(\text{x}^2)

\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\big(\text{x}^2\big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sin\text{x}\big)^2+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x}^2)^2
=\cos\big(\text{x}^2\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2\big)+2\sin\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}+2\sin^2\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}^2
=2\text{x}\cos\text{x}^2+2\cdot\sin\text{x}\cdot\cos\text{x}+2\sin\text{x}^2\cos\text{x}^2\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}^2
=2\text{x}\cos\text{x}^2+2\cdot\sin\text{x}\cdot\cos\text{x}+2\sin\text{x}^2\cos\text{x}^2\cdot2\text{x}
=2\text{x}\cos\text{x}^2+\sin2\text{x}+\sin\big(2\text{x}^2\big)\cdot2\text{x}
=2\text{x}\cos\text{x}^2+2\text{x}\cdot\sin2\big(\text{x}^2\big)+\sin2\text{x}
\sin(\log\sin\text{x})
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\sin(\log\sin\text{x})

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin(\log\sin\text{x})
=\cos(\log\sin\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})
[Using chain rule]
=\cos(\log\sin\text{x})\times\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}0\sin\text{x}
=\cos(\log\sin\text{x})\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}}
=\cos(\log\sin\text{x})\times\cot\text{x}
Hence, the solution is, \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin(\log\sin\text{x}))=\cos(\log\sin\text{x})\text{x}\cot\text{x}
\log\Big(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\log\Big(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}\Big)

\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\big(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}\big)}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}\Big]
=\frac{1}{\big(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}\big)}\Big[1+\frac{1}{2}(\text{x}^2+\text{a})^{\frac{-1}{2}}\cdot2\text{x}\Big]
=\frac{1}{\big(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}\big)}\cdot\Big(1+\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}}\Big)
-\frac{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}+\text{x}\big)}{\big(\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}\big)\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}\big)}
=\frac{1}{\big(\sqrt{\text{x}^2+\text{a}}\big)}
\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{4\text{x}^3-3\text{x}}\Big),0<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{4\text{x}^3-3\text{x}}\Big)

On putting \text{x}=\cos\theta, we get
\text{y}=\sec^{-1}\frac{1}{4\cos^3\theta-3\cos\theta}
=\sec^{-1}\frac{1}{\cos3\theta}
=\sec^{-1}(\sec3\theta)
=3\theta
=3\cos^{-1}\text{x} \big[\because\theta=\cos^{-1}\text{x}\big]
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\cos^{-1}\text{x})
=\frac{-3}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}(\text{x}-\text{a}){\sin}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}-\text{a}}\Big) & \text{x} \neq \text{a}\\\ 0, & \text{ x} = \text{a}\end{cases}\text{at x}=\text{a}
Ans: We want, to check the continuity at x = 0.

\text{LHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{ (x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0-\text{ h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}(-\text{h)}^2
\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{-h}}\Big)=0
\text{RHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{ (x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0+\text{h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{h}^2
\sin\Big(\frac{1}{\text{h}}\Big)=0
\text{f}(0)=0
Thus, LHL = RHL = f(0) = 0
Hence, the function is continuous at x = 0.
(\log\sin\text{x})^2
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\log\sin\text{x})^2

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})^2
=2(\log\sin\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})
=2(\log\sin\text{x})\times\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})
=2(\log\sin\text{x})\times\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\cos\text{x}
=2(\log\sin\text{x})\cot\text{x}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})^2=2(\log\sin\text{x})\cot\text{x}
Q597. If \text{y}=\tan^{-1} show that (1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+2\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0 3 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\tan^{-1}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+2\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
Hence proved
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-25}{\text{x}-5},&\text{x}\neq5\\\text{k},&\text{x}=5\end{cases}\text{at x} =5
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-25}{\text{x}-5},&\text{x}\neq5\\\text{k},&\text{x}=5\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{(\text{x}-5)(\text{x}+5)}{\text{x}-5},&\text{x}\neq5\\\text{k},&\text{x}=5\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}{\text{x}-5},&\text{x}\neq5\\\text{k},&\text{x}=5\end{cases}
If f(x) is continuous at x = 5, then,
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow5}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(5)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow5}\text{(x}+5)=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\text{k}=5+5=10
Q599. Give an example of a function which is continuos but not differentiable at at a point. 3 Marks
Ans: Consider a function, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}, & \text{x}> 0\\-\text{x}, & \text{x}\leq 0\end{cases}
This mod function is continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable at x = 0.
Continuity at x - 0, We have:
(LHL at x = 0)
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}-(0-\text{h})
=0
(RHL at x = 0)
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}\text{f(x)}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}(0+\text{h})
=0
and f(0) = 0
Thus, \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(0).
Now, we will check the differentiability at x = 0, we have:
(LHL at x = 0)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0-\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{0-\text{h}-0}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-(0-\text{h})-0}{-\text{h}}=-1
(RHL at x = 0)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(0+\text{h})-0}{-\text{h}}=1
Thus, \lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^{-}}\text{f(x)}\neq\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0^{+}}\text{f(x)}
Hence f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
Q600. If \text{y}=\sqrt{\log\text{x}+\sqrt{\log\text{x}+\sqrt{\log\text{x}+\ .... \text{to }\infty}}}, prove that (2\text{y}-1)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}} 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\sqrt{\log\text{x}+\sqrt{\log\text{x}+\sqrt{\log\text{x}+\ .... \text{to }\infty}}}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\sqrt{\log\text{x}+\text{y}}
\text{y}^2=\log\text{x}+\text{y}
=2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{y}-1)=\frac{1}{\text{x}}
Q601. If \text{x}=\text{a}(\theta-\sin\theta)\text{ and},\text{y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta), find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\text{ at }\theta=\frac{\pi}{3} 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{x}=\text{a}(\theta-\sin\theta)\text{ and y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)
Then,
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\big[\text{a}(\theta-\sin\theta)\big]=\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\big[\text{a}(1+\sin\theta)\big]=\text{a}(1-\sin\theta)
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\Bigg[\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{-\text{a}\sin\theta}{\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)}\Bigg]_{\theta=\frac{\pi}
{3}}
=-\frac{\sin\frac{\pi}{2}}{1-\cos\frac{\pi}{3}}=\frac{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}{1-\frac{1}{2}}=-\sqrt{3}
Q602. If \text{y}=\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}, prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2\text{e}^\text{x}\cos(\text{x}+\frac{\pi}{2}). 3 Marks
Ans: Here
\text{y}=\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}-\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}=\text{e}^\text{x}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{d}\text{x}^2}=\text{e}^\text{x}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})+\text{e}^\text{x}(-\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})
=\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}-\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}-\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}-\text{e}^\text{x}\cos\text{x}
=-2\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}
=2\text{e}^\text{x}\cos(\text{x}+\frac{\pi}{2})
\sin(3\text{x}+5)
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\sin(3\text{x}+5)

Differentiate y with the respect to x,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\sin(3\text{x}+5)\big)
=\cos(3\text{x}+5)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x}+5)
[using chain rule]
=\cos(3\text{x}+5)\times[3(1)+0]
=3\cos(3\text{x}+5)
Hence, the solution is \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin(3\text{x}+5))=3\cos(3\text{x}+5)
Q604. If \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big), write the value of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\text{ for x}>1. 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)

Putting \text{x}=\tan\theta
\Rightarrow 1 <\tan\theta<\infty
\Rightarrow\frac{\pi}{4}<\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}
\frac{\pi}{2}<2\theta<\pi
\therefore\text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\big\{\sin(\pi-2\theta)\big\}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\pi-2\theta
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\pi-2\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0-\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{2}{1+\text{x}^2}
e3x.
Ans: Let f(x) = e3x

⇒ f(x + h) = e3(x + h)
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{f(x)})=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})-\text{f}(\text{x})}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{3(\text{x}+\text{h})}-\text{e}^{3\text{x}}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\text{e}^{3\text{h}}-\text{e}^{3\text{x}}}{\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\left\{\frac{(\text{e}^{3\text{h}}-1)}{3\text{h}}\right\}\times3
=3\text{e}^{3\text{x}}\Big[\text{Since, }\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}-1}{\text{x}}=1\Big]
Hence,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{3\text{x}})=3\text{e}^{3\text{x}}
\tan5\text{x}^\circ
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\tan5\text{x}^\circ

\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\tan\Big(5\text{x}\times\frac{\pi}{180}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan\Big(5\text{x}\times\frac{\pi}{180}\Big)
=\sec^2\Big(5\text{x}\times\frac{\pi}{180}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(5\text{x}\times\frac{\pi}{108}\Big)
[Using chain rule]
=\Big(\frac{5\text{x}}{180}\Big)\sec^2\Big(5\text{x}\times\frac{\pi}{180}\Big)
=\frac{5\pi}{180}\sec^2(5\text{x}^\circ)
Hence, \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan5\text{x}^\circ)=\frac{5\pi}{180}\sec^2(5\text{x}^\circ)
\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}+\cos^2\sqrt{\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}+\big(\cos^2\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)^2

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\Big(\text{x}^{\frac{1}{2}}\Big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\cos\Big(\text{x}^{\frac{1}{2}}\Big)\Big]^2
=\cos\text{x}^{\frac{1}{2}}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}^{\frac{1}{2}}+\cos\Big(\text{x}^{\frac{1}{2}}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\cos\Big(\text{x}^{\frac{1}{2}}\Big)\Big]
=\cos\sqrt{\text{x}}\cdot\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}+2\cos\sqrt{\text{x}}\Big[-\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}\cdot\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big]
=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big[\cos\big(\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)-\sin\big(2\sqrt{\text{x}}\big)\Big]
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sin\text{x}-\sin2\text{x}-\text{x}\text{ on }[0,\pi]
Ans: We have,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sin\text{x}-\sin2\text{x}-\text{x}
Since, \sin\text{x},\sin2\text{x}\ \&\ \text{x} are everywhere continuous and differentiable.
Therefore, f(x) is continuous on [0,\pi] and differentiable on (0,\pi)
Concequently, there exist some \text{c}\in(0,\pi)such that
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(\pi)-\text{f}(0)}{\pi-0}=\frac{\text{f}(\pi)-\text{f}(0)}{\pi}
Now, \text{f}(\text{x})=\sin\text{x}-\sin2\text{x}-\text{x}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\cos\text{x}-2\cos2\text{x}-1,\text{f}(\pi)=-\pi,\text{f}(0)=0
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{\text{f}(\pi)-\text{f}(0)}{\pi-0}
\Rightarrow\cos\text{x}-2\cos2\text{x}-1=-1
\Rightarrow\cos\text{x}-2\cos2\text{x}=0
\Rightarrow\cos\text{x}-4\cos^2\text{x}=-2
\Rightarrow4\cos^2\text{x}-\cos\text{x}-2=0
\Rightarrow\cos\text{x}=\frac{1}{8}\big(1\pm\sqrt{33}\big)
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\cos^{-1}\Big[\frac{1}{8}\big(1\pm\sqrt{33}\big)\Big]
Thus, \text{c}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1\pm\sqrt{33}}{8}\Big)\in(0,\pi) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(\pi)-\text{f}(0)}{\pi-0}.
\frac{\cos^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{\sqrt{2\text{x}+7}},-2<\text{x}<2
Ans: Let \text{y}=\frac{\cos^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{\sqrt{2\text{x}+7}}

By quotient rule, we obtain
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sqrt{2\text{x}+7}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\cos^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)-\Big(\cos^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\sqrt{2\text{x}+7)}}{(\sqrt{2\text{x}+7})^2}
=\frac{\sqrt{2\text{x}+7}\Bigg[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)^2}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)\Bigg]-\Big(\cos^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)\frac{1}
{2\sqrt{2\text{x}+7}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x}+7)}{2\text{x}+7}
=\frac{\sqrt{2\text{x}+7}\frac{-1}{\sqrt{4-\text{x}^2}}-\Big(\cos^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)\frac{2}{2\sqrt{2\text{x}+7}}}{2\text{x}+7}
=\frac{-\sqrt{2\text{x}+7}}{\sqrt{4-\text{x}^2}\times(2\text{x}+7)}-\frac{\cos^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{(\sqrt{2\text{x}+7})(2\text{x}+7)}
=-\Bigg[\frac{1}{\sqrt{4-\text{x}^2}\sqrt{2\text{x}+7}}+\frac{\cos^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{(2\text{x}+7)^{\frac{3}{2}}}\Bigg]
Q610. If \text{y}=\log\sqrt{\tan\text{x}}, write \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\log\sqrt{\tan\text{x}}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\log(\tan\text{x})^\frac{1}{2}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\log(\tan\text{x})\big[\because\log\text{a}^\text{b}=\text{b}\log\text{a}\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{1}{\tan\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{1}{\tan\text{x}}(\sec^2\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\frac{\sin\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}}\times\cos^2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sin2\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{cosec }2\text{x}
Q611. Using Rolle's theorem, find points on the curve \text{y}=16-\text{x}^2,\text{x}\in[-1,1], where tagent is parallel to x-axis. 3 Marks
Ans: The equation of the curve is,

\text{y}=16-\text{x}^2\ ....(1)
Let P(x1, y1) be a point on it where the tangent is parallel to x-axis.
Then,
\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)_\text{p}=0\ ....(2)
Differentiating (1) with respect to x, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)_\text{p}=-2\text{x}_1
\Rightarrow-2\text{x}_1=0 (from(2))
\Rightarrow\text{x}_1=0
P(x1, y1) lies on the curve y = 16 - x2
\therefore\text{y}_1=16-\text{x}_1^2
When x1 = 0,
y1 = 16
Hence, (0, 16) is the required point.
Q612. Discuss the applicability of the Rolle's theorem for the following function on the indicated interval 3 Marks
\text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}-4\text{x}+5,&0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\2\text{x}-3,&1<\text{x}\leq2\end{cases}
Ans: The given function is

\text{f}(\text{x})=\begin{cases}-4\text{x}+5,&0\leq\text{x}\leq1\\2\text{x}-3,&1<\text{x}\leq2\end{cases}
At x = 0, we have
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(1-\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}[-4(1-\text{h}+5)]=1
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(1+\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}[2(1+\text{h}-3)]=-1
\therefore\ \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f}(\text{x})\neq\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f}(\text{x})
Hence, Rolle's theorem is not applicable for the given function.
\tan(\text{x}^\circ+45^\circ)
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\tan(\text{x}^\circ+45^\circ)

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan\Big\{(\text{x}+45)\frac{\pi}{180}\Big\}
Differentiating it with respect to x we get,
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dy}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan\Big\{(\text{x}+45)\frac{\pi}{180}\Big\}
=\sec^2\Big\{(\text{x}+45)\frac{\pi}{180}\Big\}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+45)\frac{\pi}{180}
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{\pi}{180}\sec^2(\text{x}^\circ+45^\circ)
So,
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big\{\tan(\text{x}^\circ+45^\circ)\Big\}=\frac{\pi}{180}\sec^2(\text{x}^\circ+45^\circ)
by using product rule
Ans: Let y = (x2 - 5x + 8)(x3 + 7x + 9) ....(i)

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)+(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+8)(3\text{x}^2+7)+(\text{x}^3+7\text{x}+9)(2\text{x}-5)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\text{x}^4+7\text{x}^2-15\text{x}^3-35\text{x}+24\text{x}^2+56+2\text{x}^4-5\text{x}^3+14\text{x}^2-35\text{x}+18\text{x}-45
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=5\text{x}^4-20\text{x}^3+45\text{x}^2+11\ \dots\text{(ii)}
3^{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}
Ans: Let, \text{y}=3^{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(3^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\Big)
=3^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\log3\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)
[Using chain rule]
=\text{e}^\text{x}\times3^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\log3
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(3^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\Big)=\text{e}^\text{x}\times3^{\text{e}^\text{x}}\log3
Q616. If \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x}^2+\text{k},&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq0\\-2\text{x}^2+\text{k},&\text{if }\text{ x}<0\end{cases}, then what should be the value of k so that f(x) is continuous 3 Marks
at x = 0.
Ans: It is given that function is continous at x = 0 then,

\text{LHL}=\text{RHL}=\text{f}(0)\ ....(\text{i})
Now, \text{f}(0)=2\times0+\text{k}=\text{k}
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}-2(-\text{h})^2+\text{k}=\text{k}
\text{RHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}2(\text{h}^2)+\text{k}=\text{k}
Thus, the function will be continuous for any \text{k}\in\text{R}
Q617. Differentiate: 3 Marks
\tan(\text{x}^\circ+45^\circ)
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\tan(\text{x}^\circ+45^\circ)

\Rightarrow \text{y}=\tan\Big\{(\text{x}+45)\frac{\pi}{180}\Big\}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan\Big\{(\text{x}+45)\frac{\pi}{180}\Big\}
=\sec^2\Big\{(\text{x}+45)\frac{\pi}{180}\Big\}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+45)\frac{\pi}{180}
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{\pi}{180}\sec^2(\text{x}^\circ+45^\circ)
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\tan(\text{x}^\circ+45^\circ)\big\}=\frac{\pi}{180}\sec^2(\text{x}^\circ+45^\circ)
\text{xy}=\text{e}^{(\text{x}-\text{y})}
Ans: Given: \text{xy}=\text{e}^{\text{x}-\text{y}}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{xy}\ \log=\text{e}^{\text{x}-\text{y}}

\Rightarrow\ \log\text{x}+\log\text{y}=(\text{x}-\text{y})\log\text{e}\ \Rightarrow\ \log\text{x}+\log\text{y}=(\text{x}-\text{y})\ \ [\because\log\text{e}=1]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{y}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-\text{y})\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{x}}+\frac{1}
{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1-\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1-\frac{1}{\text{x}}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}
{\text{y}}+1\Big)=\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1+\text{y}}{\text{y}}\Big)=\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}(\text{x}-1)}{\text{x}(1+\text{y})}
\tan^{-1}(\text{e}^{\text{x}})
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\tan^{-1}(\text{e}^{\text{x}})

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\tan^{-1}\text{e}^{\text{x}}\big)
=\frac{1}{1+\big(\text{e}^{2\text{x}}\big)^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)
[using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{1+\text{e}^{2\text{x}}}\times\text{e}^\text{x}
=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^{2\text{x}}}
Hence, the solution is, \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\tan^{-1}\text{e}^\text{x}\big)=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{1+\text{e}^{2\text{x}}}
Q620. Find the second order derivatives of the following functions: 3 Marks
\text{y}=\text{x}.\cos\text{x}
Ans: let \text{y}=\text{x}.\cos\text{x}

Then,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}.\cos\text{x})=\cos\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})
=\cos.1+\text{x}(-\sin\text{x})=\cos\text{x}-\text{x}\sin\text{x}
\therefore\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\cos\text{x}-\text{x}\sin\text{x}]=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\text{x}\sin\text{x})
=-\sin\text{x}-\Big[\sin\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})\Big]
=-\sin\text{x}=(\sin\text{x}+\text{x}\cos\text{x})
Q621. If \text{x}=\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}-\text{y}}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}. 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
\therefore\ 1=\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ 1=\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}\bigg[\frac{\text{y}\cdot1-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}}{\text{y}^2}\bigg]
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}^2=\text{y}\cdot\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}-\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\cdot\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}\Big(\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}-\text{y}\Big)}{\text{x}\cdot\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}}
=\frac{\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}-\text{y}}{\frac{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}}{}}
=\frac{\text{x}-\text{y}}{\text{x}\cdot\log\text{x}} \Big[\because\ \text{x}=\text{e}^{\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}}\Rightarrow\log\text{x}=\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big]
Hence proved
Q622. A function f(x) is defined as, 3 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-\text{x}-6}{\text{x}-3}&; &\text{if} \text{x}\neq3\\5 &;&\text{if}\text{ x}=3\end{cases}
show that f(x) is continuous that x = 3.
Ans: We have, to check the continuity at x = 3.

\text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 3^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(3-\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(3-\text{h})^2-(3-
\text{h})-6}{(3-\text{h})-3}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{h}^2-5\text{h}}{-\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}-\text{h}+5=5
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 3^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(3\text{+h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(3+\text{h})^2-
(3+\text{h})-6}{(3+\text{h})-3}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{h}^2+5\text{h}}{\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\text{h}+5=5
\text{f}(3)=5
Thus, We have, LHL = RHL = f(3) = 5
So,The function is continus at x = 3
Q623. Prove that the function f(x) = 5x – 3 is continuous at x = 0, at x = – 3 and at x = 5. 3 Marks
Ans: Here f(x) = 5x - 3

1. \ \ \ \text{Lt}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{f(x)}\\ \text{x} \rightarrow 0 = \ \ \ \text{Lt}\ \ \ \ \ \ (5\text{x}-3) = 5(0) - 3 = 0 - 3 = -3\\ \ \ \ \ \text{x} \rightarrow 0
Now f is defined at x = 0
and f(0) = 5(0) - 3 = 0 - 3 = -3
\therefore \ \ \text{Lt}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{f(x)} = \text{f}(0) = -3\\ \ \ \ \text{x}\rightarrow0
\therefore f is continous at x = 0
2. \ \ \ \text{Lt}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{f(x)}\\ \text{x} \rightarrow -3= \ \ \ \text{Lt}\ \ \ \ \ \ (5\text{x}-3) = 5(-3) - 3 = -15- 3 = -18\\ \ \ \ \ \text{x} \rightarrow -3
Now f is defined at x = -3
and f(-3) = 5(-3) - 3 = -15 - 3 = -18
\therefore \ \ \text{Lt}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{f(x)} = \text{f}(-3) = -18\\ \ \ \ \text{x}\rightarrow-3
\therefore f is continous at x = -3
3. \ \ \ \text{Lt}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{f(x)}\\ \text{x} \rightarrow 5= \ \ \ \text{Lt}\ \ \ \ \ \ (5\text{x}-3) = 5(5) - 3 = 25- 3 = 22\\ \ \ \ \ \text{x} \rightarrow 5
and f(5) = 5(5) - 3 = 25 - 3 = 22
\therefore \ \ \text{Lt}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{f(x)} = \text{f}(5) = 22\\ \ \ \ \text{x}\rightarrow5
\therefore f is continous at x = 5
\tan(\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}})
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\tan(\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}})

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\tan\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}\big]
=\sec^2\big(\text{e}^{\sin\text{e}}\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}\big)
[Using chain rule]
=\sec^2\big(\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}\big)\times\text{e}^{\sin\text{x}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{ x})
\log\Big\{\cot\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Big\}
Ans: \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\log\Big\{\cot\Big(\frac{\Pi}{4}+\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Big\}\Big]
\frac{1}{\cot\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)}\times\Big(-\text{cosec}^2\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)\Big)\times\frac{1}{2}
\frac{-1}{2\cos\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)\sin\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)}=-\frac{1}{\sin2\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)}
=-\frac{1}{\sin2\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)}=-\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}=-\sec\text{x}
Q626. Differentiate \log(1+\text{x}^2) with respect to \tan^{-1}\text{x} 3 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\log(1+\text{x}^2)

\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{(1+\text{x}^2)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x}^2)
=\frac{1}{(1+\text{x}^2)}(2\text{x})
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\text{x}}{(1+\text{x}^2)}\ .....(\text{i})
Let \text{v}=\tan^{-1}\text{x}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}\ .....(\text{ii})
Dividing equation (i) by (ii),
\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{2\text{x}}{(1+\text{x}^2)}\times\frac{(1+\text{x}^2)}{1}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{x}
\text{x}=\text{a}\sec\theta,\text{y}=\text{b}\tan\theta
Ans: The given equations are \text{x}=\text{a}\sec\theta\text{ and y}=\text{b}\tan\theta

Then, \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}= \text{a}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sec\theta)=\text{a}\sec\theta\tan\theta
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{b}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\tan\theta)=\text{b}\sec^2\theta
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}=\frac{\text{b}\sec^2\theta}
{\text{a}\sec\theta\tan\theta}=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\sec\theta\cot\theta =\frac{\text{b}\cos\theta}{\text{a}\cos\theta\sin\theta}=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\times\frac{1}
{\sin\theta}=\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}\ \text{cose}\theta
Q628. Prove that the function f given by: 3 Marks
\text{f(x)} = |\text{x} - 1|, \text{x} \in \text{R}
is not differentiable at x = 1.
Ans: Given: \text{f(x)} = |\text{x} - 1|\ \therefore \ \text{f(1)} = |1 - 1| = 0

\text{R}\text{f}{'}(1) = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{\text{f(1 + h)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{h}} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{|1 + \text{h} - 1|-0}
{\text{h}} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{|\text{h}|}{\text{h}}= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{\text{h}}{\text{h}}=1
\text{And}\ \text{L}\text{f}{'}(1) = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{\text{f(1 - h)}-\text{f}(1)}{-\text{h}} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{|1 - \text{h} -
1|-0}{-\text{h}} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{|-\text{h}|}{\text{h}}= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{-\text{h}}{\text{h}}=-1
Since \text{R }\text{f}{'}(1)\neq \text{L}{\text{f}}{'}(1)
Therefore, f(x) is not differentiable at x =1.
Q629. Write the value of the derivative of f(x) = |x − 1| + |x − 3| at x = 2. 3 Marks
Ans: Given: f(x) = |x - 1| + |x - 3|

\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}-(\text{x}-1)-(\text{x}-3), & \text{x}<1\\ \text{x}-1-(\text{x}-3),& 1\leq\text{x}<3\\(\text{x}-1)+(\text{x}-3),&\text{x}\geq3\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}-2\text{x}+4, & \text{x}<1\\ 2,& 1\leq\text{x}<3\\2\text{x}-4,&\text{x}\geq3\end{cases}
Wecheck differentiable at x = 2
(LHL at x = 2)
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{-}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(2)}{\text{x}-2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(2-\text{h})-\text{f}(2)}{2-\text{h}-2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2-2}{-\text{h}}
=0
Q630. \text{If y}=\cos^{-1}\text{x},\text{ Find }\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\text{ in terms of y alone}. 3 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}\ \ \dots(1)

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}=-(1-\text{x}^2)^{-\frac{1}{2}}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}(1-\text{x}^2)^{\frac{-3}{2}}(-2\text{x})=-\frac{\text{x}}{(1-\text{x}^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}}=-\frac{\cos\text{y}}{(1-\cos^2\text{y})^{\frac{3}{2}}}\ \
[\because\text{of }(1)]
=-\frac{\cos\text{y}}{(1-\cos^2\text{y})^{\frac{3}{2}}}=-\frac{\cos\text{y}}{\sin^3\text{y}}=-\frac{\cos\text{y}}{\sin\text{y}}.\frac{1}{\sin^2\text{y}}=-\cot\text{y cosec}^2\text{y}.
Q631. If \text{y}=\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\cos\text{x}, show that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\sin\text{x}. 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\cos\text{x},
differentiating w.r.t.x, we get
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\cos\text{x}
=-\text{e}-\text{x}\sin\text{x}+\text{e}-\text{x}\cos\text{x}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\cos\text{x}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\sin\text{x}-\text{e}^{\text{-x}}\cos\text{x}
=2\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\sin\text{x}
\tan^{-1}(\sec\text{x}+\tan\text{x}),\frac{-\pi}{2}<\text{x}<\frac{\pi}{2}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}(\sec\text{x}+\tan\text{x})

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan^{-1}(\sec\text{x}+\tan\text{x})
=\frac{1}{1+(\sec\text{x}+\tan\text{x})^2}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sec\text{x}+\tan\text{x})
=\frac{1}{1+\sec^2\text{x}+\tan^2\text{x}+2\sec\text{x}\cdot\tan\text{x}}\big[\sec\text{x}\cdot\tan\text{x}+\sec^2\text{x}\big]
=\frac{1}{\big(\sec^2\text{x}+\sec^2\text{x}+2\sec\text{x}\cdot\tan\text{x}\big)}\cdot\sec\text{x}\cdot(\sec\text{x}+\tan\text{x})
=\frac{1}{2\sec\text{x}(\tan\text{x}+\sec\text{x})}\cdot\sec\text{x}(\sec\text{x}+\tan\text{x})=\frac{1}{2}
Q633. If \text{y}=\text{e}^\text{x}(\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}) prove that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\text{y}=0 3 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\text{e}^\text{x}(\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^\text{x}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})+(\sin\text{x}+\text{cos}\text{x})\text{e}^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}+\text{e}^\text{x}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{e}^\text{x}(-\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})+(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})\text{e}^\text{x}
=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}+(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})\text{e}^\text{x}
Adding and substracting y on RHS
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{e}^\text{x}(-\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x})+(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})\text{e}^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\text{y}=0
Q634. Find the value of k for which \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos4\text{x}}{8\text{x}^2},&\text{when x}\neq0\\\text{k},&\text{when x}=0\end{cases} is continous at x = 0. 3 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos4\text{x}}{8\text{x}^2},&\text{when x}\neq0\\\text{k},&\text{when x}=0\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{1-\cos4\text{x}}{8\text{x}^2}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{2\sin^22\text{x}}{8\text{x}^2}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{2}\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin^22\text{x}}{4\text{x}^2}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{2}\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{2\text{x}^2}\Big)^2=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow1\times1=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\text{k}=1 (\because\text{f}(0)=\text{k})
2^{\cos^2}\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=2^{\cos^2}\text{x}

Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
\log\text{y}=\log2\cos^2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dy}}(\log\text{y})\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos^2\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log2(2\cos\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log2\cdot2\cos\text{x}\cdot(-\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log2\cdot[-(\sin2\text{x})]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{y}\cdot\log2(\sin2\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-2^{\cos^2}\text{x}\cdot\log2(\sin2\text{x}) \big[\because\text{y}=2^{\cos^2}\text{x}\big]
Q636. Differentiate the following w.r.t.x: \sin(\tan^{-1}\text{e}^{-\text{x}}) 3 Marks
Ans: \text{Let}\ \text{y}=\sin(\tan^{-1}\text{e}^{-\text{x}})

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos(\tan^{-1}\text{e}^{-\text{x}}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan^{-1}\text{e}^{-\text{x}})= \bigg[\because\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\sin\text{f(x)}=\cos\text{f(x)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{f(x)}\bigg]
=\cos(\tan^{-1}\text{e}^{-\text{x}}).\frac{1}{1+(\text{e}^{-\text{x}})^{2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{e}^{-\text{x}}= \bigg[\because\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\ \tan^{-1} \text{f(x)}=\frac{1}
{(\text{f(x)})^{2}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{f(x)}\bigg]
=\cos(\tan^{-1}\text{e}^{-\text{x}}).\frac{1}{1+\text{e}^{-\text{2x}}}\text{e}^{\text{-x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}({-\text{x}})
=\frac{-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}.\cos(\tan^{-1}\text{e}^{-\text{x}})}{1+\text{e}^{-2\text{x}}}
e-x.
Ans: Consider f(x) = e-x

⇒ f(x + h) = e-(x+h)
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{f}(\text{x}))=\frac{\lim}{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(\text{x}+\text{h})-\text{f}(\text{x})}{\text{h}}
=\frac{\lim}{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{-(\text{x}+\text{h})}\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}{\text{h}}
=\frac{\lim}{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\times\text{e}^{-\text{h}}-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}}{\text{h}}
=\frac{\lim}{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{e}^{-\text{x}}\left\{\Big(\frac{\text{e}^{-\text{h}}-1}{-\text{h}}\Big)\right\}\times(-1)
\Big[\text{Since, }\frac{\lim}{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^\text{h}-1}{\text{h}}=1\Big]
=-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{-\text{x}})=-\text{e}^{-\text{x}}
Q638. If \text{y}=\text{ax}^{\text{n+1}}+\text{bx}^{-\text{n}} and \text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\lambda\text{y} then write the value of \lambda 3 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\text{ax}^{\text{n}+1}+\text{b}\text{x}^{-\text{-n}}
and \text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\lambda\text{y}
Now,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{a}(\text{n}+1)\text{x}^{\text{n}}-\text{bn x}^{-\text{n-1}}
and \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{an}(\text{n}+1)\text{x}^{\text{n}+1}-\text{bn}(-\text{n}-1)\text{x}^{-\text{n}-2}
Now, \text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\lambda\text{y}[\text{given}]
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2[\text{an}(\text{n}+1)\text{x}^{\text{n}-1}+\text{bn}(\text{n}+1)\text{x}^{-\text{n}-2}]=\lambda(\text{ax}^{\text{n+1}}+\text{b x}^{-\text{n}})
\Rightarrow\text{an}(\text{n}+1)\text{x}^{\text{n}+1}+\text{bn}(\text{n}+1)\text{x}^{-\text{n}}=\lambda\text{ax}^{\text{n+1}}+\text{b x}^{-\text{n}}
\Rightarrow\text{n}(\text{n}+1)\text{ax}^{\text{n}+1}+\text{bx}^{-n}=\lambda\text{ax}^{\text{n}+1}+\text{dx}^{\text{-n}}
\Rightarrow\lambda=\text{n}(\text{n}+1)
Q639. If \text{y}=\log\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big), prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}-1}{2\text{x}(\text{x}+1)} 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\log\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big)

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\sqrt{\text{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big)
=\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}}}{\text{x}+1}\Big(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}-\frac{1}{2\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}}}{\text{x}+1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x}}}\Big)
=\frac{\text{x}-1}{2\text{x}(\text{x}+1)}
So,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}-1}{2\text{x}(\text{x}+1)}
\sin(\log\text{x})
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\sin(\log\text{x})

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin(\log\text{x})
=\cos(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\cos(\log\text{x})
Hence, the solution is \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=(\sin(\log\text{x}))=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\cos(\log\text{x})
Q641. If \text{y}=\frac{\log\text{x}}{\text{x}}, show that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{2\log\text{x}-3}{\text{x}^3}. 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\frac{\log\text{x}}{\text{x}},
\frac{\text{d}\text{y}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1-\log\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-\text{x}-2\text{x}(1-\log\text{x})}{\text{x}^4}
=\frac{-\text{x}-2\text{x}+2\text{x}\log\text{x}}{\text{x}^4}
=\frac{-3+2\log\text{x}}{\text{x}^3}
=\frac{2\log\text{x}-3}{\text{x}^3}
Hence proved
\sqrt{\frac{(\text{x}-1)(\text{x}-2)}{(\text{x}-3)(\text{x}-4)(\text{x}-5)}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sqrt{\frac{(\text{x}-1)(\text{x}-2)}{(\text{x}-3)(\text{x}-4)(\text{x}-5)}}=\Big(\frac{(\text{x}-1)(\text{x}-2)}{(\text{x}-3)(\text{x}-4)(\text{x}-5)}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}\ \dots\text{(i)}

Taking logs on both sides, we have
\log\text{y}=\frac{1}{2}[\log(\text{x}-1)+\log(\text{x}-2)-\log(\text{x}-3)-\log(\text{x}-4)-\log(\text{x}-5)]
\therefore\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-1)+\frac{1}{\text{x}-2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-2)-\frac{1}
{\text{x}-3}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-3)-\frac{1}{\text{x}-4}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-4)-\frac{1}{\text{x}-5}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}-5)\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\text{y}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}+\frac{1}{\text{x}-2}-\frac{1}{\text{x}-3}-\frac{1}{\text{x}-4}-\frac{1}{\text{x}-5}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{(\text{x}-1)(\text{x}-2)}{(\text{x}-3)(\text{x}-4)(\text{x}-5)}}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}+\frac{1}{\text{x}-2}-\frac{1}{\text{x}-3}-
\frac{1}{\text{x}-4}-\frac{1}{\text{x}-5}\Big]\ \text{[From eq.(i)}]
Q643. If f(x) is an odd function, then write whether f'(x) is even of odd. 3 Marks
Ans: We have, f(x) is an odd function.

\Rightarrow\text{f}(-\text{x})=-\text{f}(\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\text{f}(-\text{x})\big\}=-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\text{f}(\text{x})\big\}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(-\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(-\text{x})=-\text{f}'\text{(x)}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(-\text{x})\times(-1)=-\text{f}'\text{(x)}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(-\text{x})=-\text{f}'\text{(x)}
\Rightarrow\text{f}'(-\text{x})=\text{f}'\text{(x)}
Thus, f'(x) is an even function.
Q644. Using the fact that \sin(\text{A}+\text{B})=\sin\text{A}\cos\text{B}+\cos\text{A}\sin\text{B}and the differentiation, obtain the sum formula for cosines. 3 Marks
Ans: \sin(\text{A}+\text{B})=\sin\text{A}\cos\text{B}+\cos\text{A}\sin\text{B}
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\sin(\text{A}+\text{B})]=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{A}\cos\text{B})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{A}\sin\text{B})
\Rightarrow\ \cos(\text{A}+\text{B}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{A}+\text{B})
=\cos\text{B}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{A})+\sin\text{A}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{B})+\sin\text{B}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{A})+\cos\text{A}.\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{B})
\Rightarrow\ \cos(\text{A}+\text{B}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{A}+\text{B})
=\cos\text{B}.\cos\text{A}\frac{\text{dA}}{\text{dx}}+\sin\text{A}(-\sin\text{B})\frac{\text{dB}}{\text{dx}}+\sin\text{B}(-\sin\text{A})\frac{\text{dA}}
{\text{dx}}+\cos\text{A}\cos\text{B}\frac{\text{dB}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ \cos(\text{A}+\text{B}).\Big[\frac{\text{dA}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dB}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
=(\cos\text{A}\cos\text{B}-\sin\text{A}\sin\text{B}).\Big[\frac{\text{dA}}{\text{dx}}+\frac{\text{dB}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
\therefore\ \cos(\text{A}+\text{B})=\cos\text{A}\cos\text{B}-\sin\text{A}\sin\text{B}
Q645. Show that \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}1+\text{x}^2,&\text{if } 0\leq\text{x}\leq 1\\2-\text{x},&\text{if }\text{x} > 1\end{cases} is discontinuous at x = 1. 3 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}1+\text{x}^2,&\text{if } 0\leq\text{x}\leq 1\\2-\text{x},&\text{if }\text{x} > 1\end{cases}
We observe
\text{(LHL at x}=1)\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(1-\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}(1+1-\text{h)}^2=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}(2+\text{h}^2-\text{2h)}=2
\text{(RHL at x}=1)\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(1+\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}(2-(1+\text{h))}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}(1-\text{h)}=1
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}\neq\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}3\text{x}+5,&\text{if x}\geq2\\\text{x}^2,&\text{if x}<2\end{cases}
at x = 2
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}3\text{x}+5,&\text{if x}\geq2\\\text{x}^2,&\text{if x}<2\end{cases}

At x = 2, \text{L.H.L}=\ lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}(\text{x})^2
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(2-\text{h}^2)=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(4+\text{h}^2-4\text{h})=4
And \text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^+}(3\text{x}+5)
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[3(2+\text{h})+5\big]=11
Since, L.H.L ≠ R.H.L at x = 2
Q647. Let g(x) be the inverse of an invertible function f(x) which is derivable at x = 3. If f(3) = 3 and f(3) = 9, write the value of g'(9). 3 Marks
Ans: We have, f(3) = 9, f'(3) = 9

and g(x) = f-1 (x)
\Rightarrow(\text{gof})(\text{x})=\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{g}\{\text{f(x)}\}=\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\text{g}\{\text{f}\text{(x)}\}\big] = 1
\Rightarrow\text{g}'\big\{\text{f}\text{(x)}\big\}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\text{f}(\text{x})\big\}=1
\Rightarrow\text{g}'\big\{\text{f}\text{(x)}\big\}\times\text{f}'\text{(x)}=1
\text{g}'\big\{\text{f}(3)\big\}\times\text{f}'(3)=1
\Rightarrow\text{g}'(9)\times9=1\big[\because\text{f}(3)=9,\text{f}'(3)=9\big]
\Rightarrow\text{g}'(9)=\frac{1}{9}
Q648. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) at the point x = 0, where 3 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}, & \text{x} > 0\\1,&\text{x}=0\\\text{-x}, & \text{x} > 0\end{cases}
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}, & \text{x} > 0\\1,&\text{x}=0\\\text{-x}, & \text{x} > 0\end{cases}
\text{(LHL at x}=0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0-\text{h)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(-h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}-(-\text{h)}=0
\text{(RHL at x}=0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0+\text{h)}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(h)}=0
And, \text{f}(0)=1
\therefore\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}\neq\text{f}(0).
Q649. If \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2}{2},&\text{if }0\leq\text{ x}\leq1\\2\text{x}^2-3\text{x}+\frac{3}{2},&\text{if }1<\text{x}\leq2\end{cases} Show that f is continuous at x = 1. 3 Marks
Ans: We want to discuss the continuity of the function at x = 1

We need to prove that
\text{LHL}=\text{RHL}=\text{f}(1)
\text{f}(1)=\frac{1^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(1-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(1-\text{h})^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}
\text{RHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(1+\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}2(1+\text{h}^2)-3(1+\text{h})+\frac{3}{2}
=2-3+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}
Thus, \text{LHL}=\text{RHL}=\text{f}(1)=\frac{1}{2}
Hence, function is continuous at x = 1
\tan^{-1}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)=\text{a}
Ans: We have, \tan^{-1}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)=\text{a}

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\tan^{-1}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)\big]=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{a})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)^2}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)=0
\Rightarrow\Big[\frac{1}{1+(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)^2}\Big]\Big(2\text{x}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow2\text{x}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}+\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}
\sin\text{x}=\frac{2\text{t}}{1+\text{t}},\ \tan\text{y}=\frac{2\text{t}}{1-\text{t}^2}.
Ans: We have, \sin\text{x}=\frac{2\text{t}}{1+\text{t}} and \tan\text{y}=\frac{2\text{t}}{1-\text{t}^2}

Let \text{t}=\tan\text{z}
\therefore\ \sin\text{x}=\frac{2\tan\text{z}}{1+\tan^2\text{z}}=\sin2\text{z}
\therefore\ \text{x}=2\text{z}
Also \tan\text{y}=\frac{2\tan\text{z}}{1-\tan^2\text{z}}=\tan2\text{z}
\therefore\ \text{y}=2\text{z}
\therefore\ \text{y}=\text{x}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{2^{\text{x}+2}-16}{4^\text{x}-16},&\text{if x}\neq2\\\text{k},&\text{if x}=2\end{cases} at x = 2.
Ans: Consider, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{2^{\text{x}+2}-16}{4^\text{x}-16},&\text{if x}\neq2\\\text{k},&\text{if x}=2\end{cases} at x = 2

Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
At x = 2, =\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow2}\frac{2^\text{x}\cdot2^2-2^4}{4^\text{x}-4^2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow2}\frac{4\cdot(2^\text{x}-4)}{(2^\text{x})^2-(4)^2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow2}\frac{4\cdot(2^\text{x}-4)}{(2^\text{x}-4)-(2^\text{x}+4)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow2}\frac{4}{2^\text{x}+4}=\frac{8}{4}=\frac{1}{2}
But f(2) = k
\therefore\ \text{k}=\frac{1}{2}
Q653. Examine the continuity of f, where f is defined by 3 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases} \sin{\text{x}- \cos\text{x}}, \text{if} \ \text{x}\neq0\\-1, \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x} = 0\end{cases}
Find the values of k so that the function f is continuous at the indicated point in Exercises 26 to 29.
Ans: It is given that \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases} \sin{\text{x}- \cos\text{x}}, \text{if} \ \text{x}\neq0\\-1, \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x} = 0\end{cases}
Case I: \text{k} \neq 0,
Then \text{f(k)} =\sin\text{k}- \cos\text{k}
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{k}}(\sin\text{x}- \cos\text{x}) = \sin\text{k} - \cos\text{k}
Thus, f is continuous at all points x that is \text{x}\neq0.
Case II: \text{k} = 0
Then f(k) = f(0) = 0
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}(\sin\text{x} - \cos\text{x}) = \sin0 - \cos0 = 0 - 1 = - 1
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}(\sin\text{x} - \cos\text{x}) = \sin0 - \cos0 = 0 - 1 = - 1
\therefore \ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(0)}
Therefore , f is continuous at x = 0.
Therefore, f is has no point of discontinuity.
(\log\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\log\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}\ \dots\text{(i)}

\log\text{y}=\log(\log\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}=\cos\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{y}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\ [\cos\text{x}\log(\log\text{x)}]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\log\text{x})+\log(\log\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}\ \ \text{[By product
rule}]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log(\log\text{x})(-\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\log\text{x}}.\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}-\sin\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\log\text{x}}-\sin\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})\Big] =(\log\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}\Big[\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\log\text{x}}-
\sin\text{x}\log(\log\text{x})\Big]
Q655. Examine the continuity of the function f(x) = x3 + 2x2 - 1 at x = 1. 3 Marks
Ans: We know that, function f will be continuous at x = a, if \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(a)}.

Consider, f(x) = x3 + 2x2 - 1 at x = 1.
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(1+\text{h})^3+2(1+\text{h})^2-1=2
and
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(1-\text{h})^3+2(1-\text{h})^2-1=2
\because\ \lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}
And f(1) = 1 + 2 - 1 = 2
\cos\big(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos\big(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big)

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\big(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big) =-\sin\big(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big)\cdot\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\big(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big)
=-\sin\big(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big).\sec^2\sqrt{\text{x}+1}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \Big[\because\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})=\sec^2\text{x}\Big]
=-\sin\big(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big).\big(\sec\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big)^2.\frac{1}{2}(\text{x}+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+1)
=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}+1}}.\sin\big(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big).\sec^2\big(\sqrt{\text{x}+1}\big)
Q657. If \text{x}=\frac{1+\log\text{t}}{\text{t}^2},\text{y}=\frac{3+2\log\text{t}}{\text{t}}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} 3 Marks
Ans: \text{x}=\frac{1+\log\text{t}}{\text{t}^2},\text{y}=\frac{3+2\log\text{t}}{\text{t}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{t}^2\big(\frac{1}{\text{t}}\big)-(1+\log\text{t})(2\text{t})}{\text{t}^4} \\ =\frac{\text{t}-2\text{t}-2\text{t}\log\text{t}}{\text{t}^4}=\frac{-2\log\text{t}-1}
{\text{t}^3}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{t}\big(\frac{2}{\text{t}}\big)-(3+2\log\text{t})(1)}{\text{t}^2} \\ =\frac{2-3-2\log\text{t}}{\text{t}^2}=\frac{-2\log\text{t}-1}{\text{t}^2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{\frac{-2\log\text{t}-1}{\text{t}^2}}{\frac{-2\log\text{t}-1}{\text{t}^3}}=\text{t}
Q658. Find the values of k so that the function f is continuous at the indicated point: 3 Marks
\text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\text{k}\text{x}+1,\ \text{if}\ \text{x}\leq{\pi}\\ \cos\text{x}, \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x} >{\pi}\end{cases}
\text{at}\ \text{x} = {\pi}
Ans: Here \text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\text{k}\text{x}+1,\ \text{if}\ \text{x}\leq{\pi}\\ \cos\text{x}, \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x} >{\pi}\end{cases}
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\pi}^{-}}\text{f(x)}= ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\pi}^{-}}(\text{k}\text{x}+1)
\left[\text{Put}\ \text{x} = \pi -\text{h}, \text{h}>0\ \text{so that}\ \text{h}\rightarrow0\ \text{as}\ \text{x}\rightarrow\pi^{-}\right]
= ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\left\{\text{k}(\pi - \text{h})+1\right\}={\text{k}}(\pi - 0) = 1 = \text{k}\pi + 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi^{+}}\text{f(x)} =^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\pi^{+}}\cos\pi
\left[\text{Put}\ \text{x} = \pi +\text{h}, \text{h}>0\ \text{so that}\ \text{h}\rightarrow0\ \text{as}\ \text{x}\rightarrow\pi^{+}\right]
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\cos(\pi + \text{h}) = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\cos\pi\cos\text{h} - \sin\pi\sin\text{h})
\cos \pi. 1 - \sin \pi. 0 = \cos\pi = -1
Since f(x) is continuous at \text{x} = \pi
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\pi}^{-}}\text {f(x}) =^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\pi}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
\therefore \text{k}\pi = -1 \Rightarrow \text{k} = -\frac{1}{\pi}
(5\text{x})^{3\cos2\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(5\text{x})^{3\cos2\text{x}}

Taking logaritthm on both the sides, we obtain
\log\text{y}=3\cos2\text{x}\log5\text{x}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\Big[\log5\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos2\text{x})+\cos2\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log5\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\text{x}\Big[\log5\text{x}(-\sin2\text{x}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x})+\cos2\text{x}.\frac{1}{5\text{x}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(5\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\text{y}\Big[-2\sin2\text{x}\log5\text{x}+\frac{\cos2\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\text{y}\Big[\frac{3\cos2\text{x}}{\text{x}}-6\sin2\text{x}\log5\text{x}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(5\text{x})^{\text{x}\cos2\text{x}}\Big[\frac{3\cos2\text{x}}{\text{x}}-6\sin2\text{x}\log5\text{x}\Big]
Q660. Differentiate following w.r.t. x: 3 Marks
\sin^\text{n}\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^\text{n}\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)

\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\sin\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)\Big]^\text{n}
=\text{n}\cdot\Big[\sin\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)\Big]^{\text{n}-1}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)
=\text{n}\cdot\sin^{\text{n}-1}\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)\cdot\cos\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)
=\text{n}\cdot\sin^{\text{n}-1}\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)\cdot\cos\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)\cdot(2\text{ax + b})
=\text{n}\cdot(2\text{ax + b})\cdot\sin^{\text{n}-1}\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)\cdot\cos\big(\text{ax}^2+\text{bx}+\text{c}\big)
Q661. Determine the value of the constant k so that the function 3 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{5\text{x}}, &\text{if}\text{ x}\neq0\\\text{k}, &\text{if}\text{ x}=0\end{cases} is continuous at x = 0.
Ans: We have given that the funtion is continuous at x = 0

So, LHL = RHL = f(0) ....(i)
Now,
\text{LHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0-\text{h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin2(-\text{h})}{5(-
\text{h})}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{-\sin2\text{h}}{-5\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin2\text{h}}{2\text{h}}\times\frac{2\text{h}}{5\text{h}}=\frac{2}{5}
\text{f}(0)=\text{k}
Using(i), \text{k}=\frac{2}{5}
Q662. If \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin3\text{x}}{\text{x}},& \text{when}\text{ x}\neq0 \\1,&\text{when} \text{ x}=0\end{cases} Find whether f(x) is continuous at x = 0. 3 Marks
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}-1},\text{ if}\text{ x}\neq1
\text{f}\text{(x)}=2,\text{ if}\text{ x}=1
We observe
\text{(LHL at x = 1)}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^-}\text{f}\text{ (x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}(1-\text{h})
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}(1-\text{h})=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(1-\text{h})^2-1}{(1-\text{h})^2-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1-\text{h}^2-2\text{h}-1}{1-\text{h}-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{h}^2-2\text{h}}{-\text{h}}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}2-\text{h}
=2
(\text{RHL at x}=1)
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}(1+\text{h)}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}(1-\text{h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(1+\text{h})^2-1}{(1+\text{h})-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1+\text{h}^2+2\text{h}-1}{1+\text{h}-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{h}^2+2\text{h}}{\text{h}}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{h}+2
=2
Also f(x) = 2
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{f}(1)
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
Q663. If \text{y}=\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+1}{\text{x}-1}\Big)+\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}\Big),\text{x}>0. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 3 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{y}=\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+1}{\text{x}-1}\Big)+\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}\Big)

\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+1}{\text{x}-1}\Big)+\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}\Big)
\Big[\text{Since, } \sec^{-1}(\text{x})=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)\Big]
\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{2} \Big[\text{Since}, \cos^{-1}\text{x}+\sin^{-1}=\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}{\log_\text{e}(1+2\text{x})},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\7,&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}{\log_\text{e}(1+2\text{x})},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\7,&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}

We have,
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}}}{\log_\text{e}
(1+2\text{x})}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\big(\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}}-1}{\text{x}}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{2\log_\text{e}(1+2\text{x})}{2\text{x}}\Big)}
=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{\big(\frac{\text{e}^{\text{x}}-1}{\text{x}}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{2\log_\text{e}(1+2\text{x})}{2\text{x}}\Big)}=\frac{1}{2}
It is given that f(0) = 7
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\text{f(x)}\neq\text{f}(0)
Hence, the given function is discontinuous at x = 0 and continuous elsewhere.
\sec(\text{x}+\text{y})=\text{xy}
Ans: Consider, \sec(\text{x}+\text{y})=\text{xy}

\Rightarrow\ \sec(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})=\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{y}+\text{y}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \sec(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\Big(1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \sec(\text{x}+\text{y})\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})+\sec(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \sec(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}-\sec(\text{x}+\text{y})\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big[\sec(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})-\text{x}\big]=\text{y}-\sec(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}-\sec(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})}{\sec(\text{x}+\text{y})\cdot\tan(\text{x}+\text{y})-\text{x}}
Q666. Discuss the continuity of \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x}-1, & \text{x} < 0\\2\text{x}+1, & \text{x} \geq 0\end{cases}\text{at}\text{ x}=0 3 Marks
Ans: \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x}-1, & \text{x} < 0\\2\text{x}+1, & \text{x} \geq 0\end{cases}\text{at}\text{ x}=0
\text{(LHL at x}=0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=2(0)-1=-1
\text{(RHL at x}=0)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}=2(0)+1=1
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}\neq\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\text{(x)}
Q667. Find the values of a and b such that the function defined by 3 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}5,&\text{if}\ \text{x}\leq{2}\\\text{ax} + \text{b},& \text{if}\ 2<\text{x}<10\\21,&\text{if}\ \text{x}\geq10\end{cases}
is a continuous function.
Ans: \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}5,&\text{if}\ \text{x}\leq{2}\\\text{ax} + \text{b},& \text{if}\ 2<\text{x}<10\\21,&\text{if}\ \text{x}\geq10\end{cases}

\therefore f is continuous function
\therefore f is continuous at x = 2 and x = 10
\therefore f is right continuous at x = 2 and left continuous at x = 10.
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{2}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f}(2)\Rightarrow 2\text{a} + \text{b} = 5\ ...{(\text i)}
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{10}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f}(10)\Rightarrow 10\text{a} + \text{b} = 21\ ...{(\text {ii})}
Subtracting (1) from(2), we get,
8a = 16 or a = 2
\therefore from (1), 4 + 6 = 5 ⇒ b = 1
\therefore we have a = 2, b = 1
\cos\text{x}.\cos 2\text{x}.\cos 3\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos\text{x}\cos2\text{x}\cos3\text{x}\ \dots\text{(i})

\log\text{y}=\log(\cos\text{x}\cos2\text{x}\cos3\text{x}) =\log\cos\text{x}+\log\cos2\text{x}+\log\cos3\text{x}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{y}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\cos\text{x}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\cos2\text{x}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\cos3\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}+\frac{1}{\cos2\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos2\text{x}+\frac{1}
{\cos3\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos3\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}(-\sin\text{x})+\frac{1}{\cos2\text{x}}(-\sin2\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}2\text{x}+\frac{1}{\cos3\text{x}}(-
\sin3\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}3\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\tan\text{x}-(\tan2\text{x})2-\tan3\text{x}(3)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{y}(\tan\text{x}+2\tan2\text{x}+3\tan3\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=-\cos\text{x}\cos2\text{x}\cos3\text{x}(\tan\text{x}+2\tan2\text{x}+3\tan3\text{x})\ \ [\text{From eq. (i)}]
Q669. Write the derivative of \sin\text{x} with respect to \cos\text{x}. 3 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\sin\text{x}\text{ and v}=\cos\text{x}

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x and }\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=-\sin\text{x}
\therefore\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{\cos\text{x}}{-\sin\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=-\cot\text{x}
\text{x}^3+\tan\text{x}
Ans: We have
\text{y}=\text{x}^3+\tan\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{x}}=3\text{x}^2+\sec^2\text{x}
Differentiating again w.r.t.x, we get
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=6\text{x}+2\sec^2\text{x}\tan\text{x}
Q671. If \text{x}=3\sin\text{t}-\sin3\text{t},\text{y}=3\cos3\text{t}-\cos3\text{t} find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\text{ at t}=\frac{\pi}{3} 3 Marks
Ans: \text{x}=3\sin\text{t}-\sin3\text{t and } \text{y}=3\cos3\text{t}-\cos3\text{t}

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=3\cos\text{t}-3\cos3\text{t}\text{ and} \\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=-3\sin\text{t}-3\sin3\text{t}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{-3\sin\text{t}+3\sin3\text{t}}{3\cos\text{t}-3\cos3\text{t}}
\Rightarrow\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)_{\text{t}=\frac{\pi}{3}}=\frac{-3\sin\frac{\pi}{3}+3\sin\pi}{3\cos\frac{\pi}{3}-3\cos\pi}
=\frac{3\times\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}+0}{3\times\frac{1}{2}+3}
=\frac{\frac{-3\sqrt{3}}{2}}{\frac{9}{2}}
=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}
xy = c2
Ans: We have, xy = c2
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{c}^2)
\Rightarrow\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}
\cos\text{x}^{3}. \sin^{2}(\text{x}^{5})
Ans: \text{Let y} =\cos\text{x}^{3}. \sin^{2}(\text{x}^{5})

\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} =\cos\text{x}^{3} \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin^{2}(\text{x}^{5})+\sin^{2}(\text{x}^{5})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}^{3}
=\cos\text{x}^{3}.2\sin(\text{x}^{5}) \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin(\text{x}^{5})+\sin^{2}(\text{x}^{5})(-\sin\text{x}^{3})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}^{3}
=\cos\text{x}^{3}.2\sin\text{x}^{5} .\cos\text{x}^{5}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{x}^5+\sin^{2}(\text{x}^{5})(-\sin\text{x}^{3})3\text{x}^{2}
=\cos\text{x}^{3}.2\sin(\text{x}^{5}) \cos(\text{x}^{5})(5\text{x}^{4})-\sin^{2}(\text{x}^{5})\sin\text{x}^{3}.3\text{x}^{2}
=10\text{x}^{4}\cos\text{x}^{3} \sin(\text{x}^{5})\cos(\text{x}^{5})-3\text{x}^{2}\sin^{2}(\text{x}^{5})\sin\text{x}^{3}
\log(\cos\text{x}^2)
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\log(\cos\text{x}^2)

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\cos\text{x}^2)
=\frac{-2\text{x}\sin\text{x}^2}{\cos\text{x}^2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-2\text{x}\tan\text{x}^2
Therefore,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-2\text{x}\tan\text{x}^2
Q675. Discuss the continuity of the function \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|},&\text{x}\neq0\\0,&\text{x}=0\end{cases} 3 Marks
Ans: When \text{x}\neq0,

\text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|}=\begin{cases}\frac{-\text{x}}{\text{x}}=-1;&\text{x}<0\\\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|}=1;&\text{x}>0\end{cases}
So, f(x) is a constant function when \text{x}\neq0,
Hence, is continuous for all x < 0 and x > 0
Now, Consider the point x = 0
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\text{h}}{|-\text{h}|}=-1
\text{RHL }=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}}{|\text{h}|}=1
So, \text{LHL}\neq\text{RHL}
Hence, function is discontinuous at x = 0
Q676. Differentiate of the following w.r.t. x: 3 Marks
\sin^\text{m}\text{x}\cdot\cos^\text{n}\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^\text{m}\text{x}\cdot\cos^\text{n}\text{x}

\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[(\sin\text{x})^\text{m}\cdot(\cos\text{x})^\text{n}\big]
=(\sin\text{x})^\text{m}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})^\text{n}+(\cos\text{x})^\text{n}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})^\text{m}
=(\sin\text{x})^\text{m}\cdot\text{n}(\cos\text{x})^{\text{n}-1}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{x}+(\cos\text{x})^\text{n}\text{m}(\sin\text{x})^{\text{m}-1}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x}
=(\sin\text{x})^\text{m}\cdot\text{n}(\cos\text{x})^{\text{n}-1}(-\sin\text{x})+(\cos\text{x})^\text{n}\cdot\text{m}(\sin\text{x})^{\text{m}-1}\cos\text{x}
=-\text{n}\cdot\sin^\text{m}\text{x}\cdot\sin\text{x}\cdot\cos^\text{n}\text{x}\cdot\frac{1}{\cos\text{x}}+\text{m}\cdot\sin^\text{m}\text{x}\cdot\frac{1}
{\sin\text{x}}\cdot\cos^\text{n}\text{x}\cdot\cos\text{x}
=-\text{n}\sin^\text{m}\text{x}\cdot\cos^\text{n}\text{x}\cdot\tan\text{x}+\text{m}\sin^\text{m}\text{x}\cdot\cos^\text{n}\text{x}\cdot\cot\text{x}
=\sin^\text{m}\text{x}\cdot\cos^\text{n}\text{x}\big[\text{m}\cot\text{x}-\text{n}\tan\text{x}\big]
Q677. If \log\text{y}=\tan^{-1} show that (1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2+(2\text{x}-1)\text{y}_1=0 3 Marks
Ans: Here
\log\text{y}=\tan^{-1}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\times\text{y}_1=\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_1=\text{y}
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2+2\text{xy}_1=\text{y}_1
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2+2\text{xy}_1-\text{y}_1=0
\Rightarrow(1+\text{x}^2)\text{y}_2+(25\text{x}-1)\text{y}_1=0
hence proved
\text{f}(\text{x})=[\text{x}]\text{ for }-1\leq\text{x}\leq1, where [x] denotes the greatest integer not exceeding x.
Ans: Here, \text{f}(\text{x})=[\text{x}] and \text{x}\in[-1,1], at n = 1

\text{LHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow(1-\text{h})}[\text{x}]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}[1-\text{h}]
=0
\text{RHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow(1+\text{h})}[\text{x}]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}[1+\text{h}]
=1
\text{LHL}\neq\text{RHL}
So, f(x) is not continuos at 1\in[-1,1]
Hence, Rolle's theorem is not applicable on f(x) in [-1, 1].
\sin(\log\text{x})
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin(\log\text{x})

Then
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\sin(\log\text{x})]=\cos(\log\text{x}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})=\frac{\cos(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}
\therefore\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{\cos(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}\Big]
=\frac{\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\cos(\log\text{x})]-\cos(\log\text{x}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}
=\frac{\text{x}.\Big[-\sin(\log\text{x}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}(\log\text{x})}\Big]-\cos(\log\text{x}.1}{\text{x}^2}
\frac{-\text{x}\sin(\log\text{x}).\frac{1}{\text{x}}-\cos(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}
=\frac{[-\sin(\log\text{x})+\cos(\log\text{x})]}{\text{x}^2}
Q680. Verify Mean Value Theorem, if f(x) = x3 – 5x2 – 3x in the interval [a, b], where a = 1 and b = 3. Find all \text{c}\in(1,\ 3) for which f′(c) = 0. 3 Marks
Ans: Function is continuous in [1, 3] as it is a polynomial function and polynomial function is always continuous.
f'(x) = 3x2 -10x, f'(x) exists in [1, 3], hence derivable. Conditions of MVT theorem are satisfied, hence there exists, at least one \text{c}\in(1,\ 3) such that
\frac{\text{f}(3)-\text{f}(1)}{3-1}=\text{f}'\text{(c)}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{-21-(-7)}{2}=3\text{c}^2-10\text{c}
\Rightarrow\ -7 = 3\text{c}^2 - 10\text{c} \ \Rightarrow\ 3\text{c}^2 - 10\text{c} + 7 = 0
\Rightarrow\ 3\text{c}^2-7\text{c}-3\text{c}+7=0 \ \Rightarrow\ \text{c}(3\text{c} -7) -1(3\text{c}-7)=0
\Rightarrow\ (3\text{c}-7)(\text{c} -1)=0 \ \Rightarrow\ (3\text{c}-7)=0\text{ or } (\text{c}-1)=0
\Rightarrow\ 3\text{c}=7 \text{ or}\text{ c}=1 \ \Rightarrow\ \text{c}=\frac{7}{3}\text{or c}=1
\therefore\ \text{c}=\frac{7}{3}\in(1, 3) and other value \in(1,\ 3)
Since \text{f}(1)\neq\text{f}(3), therefore the value of 'c' does not exist such that f(c) = 0.
Q681. If \text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{a}\cos^{-1}}\text{x} prove that (1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{a}^2\text{y}=0 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\text{e}^{\text{a}\cos^{-1}}\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{e}^{\text{a}\cos^{-1}}\text{x}\ \times\frac{\text{a}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{e}^{\text{a}\cos^{-1}}\text{x}\ \times\frac{\text{a}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}+\frac{\text{xa }\text{e}^{\text{a}\cos^{-1}}\text{x}}{(1-
\text{x}^2)\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{y}\times\frac{\text{a}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}-\frac{\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}}{(1-\text{x}^2)}
\Rightarrow(1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{a}^2\text{y}-\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow(1-\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{a}^2\text{y}=0
Q682. If \text{y}=\cos^{-1}(2\text{x})+2\cos^{-1}\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}, 0 <\text{x}<\frac{1}{2}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 3 Marks
Ans: Here, \text{y}=\cos^{-1}(2\text{x})+2\cos^{-1}\sqrt{1-4\text{x}^2}

Put 2\text{x}=\cos\theta
\therefore\ \text{y}=\cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)+2\cos^{-1}\sqrt{1-\cos^2\theta}
\Rightarrow \text{y}=\cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)+2\cos^{-1}(\sin\theta)
\therefore\ \text{y}=\cos^{-1}(\cos\theta)+2\cos^{-1}\Big[\cos\big(\frac{\pi}{2}\big)-\theta\Big]\ .....(\text{i})
Here, 0<\text{x}<\frac{1}{2}
\Rightarrow 0<2\text{x}<1
\Rightarrow 0<\cos\theta<1
And
\Rightarrow 0> -\theta>-\frac{\pi}{2}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\pi}{2}>\big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta\big)>0
Q683. If \text{y}=\sqrt{\tan\text{x}+\sqrt{\tan\text{x}+\sqrt{\tan\text{x}+\ .... \text{to }\infty}}} prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sec^2\text{x}}{2\text{y}-1} 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\sqrt{\tan\text{x}+\sqrt{\tan\text{x}+\sqrt{\tan\text{x}+\ .... \text{to }\infty}}}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\sqrt{\tan\text{x}+\text{y}}
\text{y}^2=\tan\text{x}+\text{y}
\Rightarrow2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sec^2\text{x}+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{y}-1)=\sec^2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sec^2\text{x}}{2\text{y}-1}
(\text{x}+3)^2.(\text{x}+4)^3.(\text{x}+5)^4
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\text{x}+3)^2.(\text{x}+4)^3.(\text{x}+5)^4\ \dots\text{(i)}

\log\text{y}=2\log(\text{x}+3)+3\log(\text{x}+4)+4\log(\text{x}+5)^4
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{y}=2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}+3)+3\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}+4)+4\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log(\text{x}+5)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\frac{1}{\text{x}+3}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+3)+3\frac{1}{\text{x}+4}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+4)+4\frac{1}
{\text{x}+5}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+5)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{\text{x}+3}+\frac{3}{\text{x}+4}+\frac{4}{\text{x}+5}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big(\frac{2}{\text{x}+3}+\frac{3}{\text{x}+4}+\frac{4}{\text{x}+5}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\text{x}+3)^2(\text{x}+4)^3(\text{x}+5)^4\Big(\frac{2}{\text{x}+3}+\frac{3}{\text{x}+4}+\frac{4}{\text{x}+5}\Big)\ \text{[From eq.(i)]}
f(x) = x2 + x - 1 on [0, 4]
Ans: Here,
f(x) = x2 + x - 1 on [0, 4]
f(x) is polynomial, so it is continuous is [0, 4] and differentiable in (0, 4)
as every polynomial is continuous and differentiable everywhere. So, Lagrange's mean value theorem is applicable, so there exist a point \text{c}\in[0,4] such that
\Rightarrow2\text{c}+1=\frac{\big((4)^2+4-1\big)-(0-1)}{4}
\Rightarrow2\text{c}+1=\frac{19+1}{4}
\Rightarrow2\text{c}+1=5
\Rightarrow\text{c}=2\in(0,4)
Q686. \text{If y}=\text{Ae}^{\text{mx}}+\text{Be}^{\text{nx}},\text{ show that }\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-(\text{m}+\text{n})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{mny}=0 3 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\text{Ae}^\text{mx}+\text{Be}^{\text{nx}}\dots(1)
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{Ame}^{\text{mx}}+\text{Bne}^{\text{nx}}\dots(2)
and \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{Am}^2\text{e}^{\text{mx}}+\text{Bn}^2\text{e}^{\text{nx}}\dots(3)
\text{L.H.S.}=\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-(\text{m}+\text{n})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{mny}
=(\text{Am}^2\text{e}^{\text{mx}}+\text{Bn}^2\text{e}^{\text{nx}})-(\text{m}+\text{n})(\text{Ame}^{\text{mx}}+\text{Bne}^{\text{nx}})+\text{mn}
(\text{Ae}^{\text{mx}}+\text{Be}^{\text{nx}})
[\because \text{of }(1),(2),(3)]
=\text{Am}^2\text{e}^{\text{mx}}+\text{Bn}^2\text{e}^{\text{nx}}-\text{Am}^2\text{e}^{\text{mx}}-\text{Bmne}^{\text{nx}}-\text{Amne}^{\text{mx}}
-\text{Bn}^2\text{e}^{\text{nx}}+\text{Amne}^{\text{mx}}+\text{Bmne}^{\text{nx}}
=0
=\text{R.H.S.}
\text{e}^{\tan3\text{x}}
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\text{e}^{\tan3\text{x}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\tan3\text{x}}\big)
=\text{e}^{\tan3\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan3\text{x})
[Using chain rule]
\text{e}^{\tan3\text{x}}\times\sec^23\text{x}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x})
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^{\tan3\text{x}}\big)=3\text{e}^{\tan3\text{x}}\times\sec^2 3\text{x}
Q688. If \text{y}=\log(\sin\text{x}) Prove that \frac{\text{d}^3\text{y}}{\text{dx}^3}=2\cos\text{x}\ \text{cosec}^3\text{x} 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\log(\sin\text{x})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\times\cos\text{x}=\cot\text{x}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\text{cosec}^2\text{x}
\frac{\text{d}^3\text{y}}{\text{dx}^3}=-2\text{cosec}\ \text{x}\times(-\text{cosec}\ \text{x}\cot\text{x})
=2\cot\ \text{x}\ \text{cosec}^2\text{x}=2\cos\ \text{x}\ \text{cosec}^3\text{x}
\log\big[\log(\log\text{x}^5)\big]
Ans: Let \text{y}=\log\big[\log(\log\text{x}^5)\big]

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\big[\log(\log\text{x}^5)\big]
=\frac{1}{\log\log\text{x}^5}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\log\cdot\log\text{x}^5\big)
=\frac{1}{\log\log\text{x}^5}\cdot\frac{1}{\log\text{x}^5}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{x}^5
=\frac{1}{\log\log\text{x}^5}\cdot\frac{1}{\log\text{x}^5}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(5\log\text{x})
=\frac{5}{\text{x}\cdot\log(\log\text{x}^5)\cdot\log(\text{x}^5)}
Q690. \text{If y}=5\cos\text{x}-3\sin\text{x},\text{ prove that }\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\text{y}=0 3 Marks
Ans: Let \text{y}=5\cos\text{x}-3\cos\text{x}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-5\sin\text{x}-3\cos\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-5\cos\text{x}+3\sin\text{x}=-(5\cos\text{x}-3\sin\text{x})=-\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\text{y}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\text{y}=0
Q691. Prove that the greatest integer function defined by 3 Marks
\text{f(x)} = [\text{x} ], 0 < \text{x} < 3
is not differentiable at x = 1 and x = 2.
Ans: Given: \text{f(x)} = [\text{x} ], 0 < \text{x} < 3

\text{R}\text{f}{'}(1) = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{\text{f(1 + h)}-\text{f}(1)}{\text{h}} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{|1 + \text{h} |-1}{\text{h}} =
^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{1-1}{\text{h}}= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{0}{\text{h}}=0
\text{And}\ \text{L}\text{f}{'}(1) = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{\text{f(1 - h)}-\text{f}(1)}{-\text{h}} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{|1 - \text{h}| -
1}{-\text{h}} = ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{|1-\text{h}|-1}{\text{h}}= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\frac{0-1}{-\text{h}}=\infty
Since \text{R }\text{f}{'}(1)\neq \text{L}{\text{f}}{'}(1)
Therefore, f(x) = [x] is not differentiable at x =1.
Similarly f(x) = [x] is not differentiable at x = 2.
2^{\text{x}^3}
Ans: Consider \text{y}=2^{\text{x}^3}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(2^{\text{x}^3}\Big)
=2^{\text{x}^3}\times\log_2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^3)
[Using chain rule]
=3\text{x}^2\times2^{\text{x}^3}\times\log_2
Hence, the solution is \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(2^{\text{x}^3}\big)=3\text{x}^2\times2^{\text{x}^3}\log_2
\text{x}=\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}},\text{ y}=\text{t}-\frac{1}{\text{t}}
Ans: Consider, \text{x}=\text{t}+\frac{1}{\text{t}} and \text{y}=\text{t}\frac{1}{\text{t}}

\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=1+\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{t}^2}\Big) and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=1-\Big(-\frac{1}{\text{t}^2}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=1-\frac{1}{\text{t}^2} and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=1+\frac{1}{\text{t}^2}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{t}^2-1}{\text{t}^2} and \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{t}^2+1}{\text{t}^2}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}
=\frac{\text{t}^2+\frac{1}{\text{t}^2}}{\text{t}^2-\frac{1}{\text{t}^2}}
=\frac{\text{t}^2+1}{\text{t}^2-1}
Q694. Show that the function defined by g (x) = x – [x] is discontinuous at all integral points. Here [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x. 3 Marks
Ans: g(x) = x - [x]

Let a be any integer.
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{-}}\text{g(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{-}}\left\{\text{x-[x]}\right\}
[Put x - a - h, h > 0 so that h→0 as x→a-
= ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}}\left\{\text{(a}-\text{h})-(\text{a}-\text{h})\right\} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\left\{\text{(a}-\text{h})-(\text{a}-
\text{1})\right\}
= ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\text{(a}-\text{h}-\text{a}+1) = \text{a}- 0-\text{a} + 1 = 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{+}}\text{g(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{+}}\left\{\text{x - [x]}\right\}
[Put x = a + h, h > 0 so that h→0 as x→a+]
= ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\left\{\text{(a}+\text{h})-(\text{a}+\text{h})\right\}= ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\left\{\text{(a}+\text{h})-\text{a}\right\} =^{\ \
\text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\text{(h)}
=0
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{-}}\text{f(x)}\neq^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
\therefore f is discontinuous at x = a
But a is any integral point.
\therefore f is discontinuous at all integgral points.
(\log\text{x})^{\log\text{x}},\text{x}>1
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\log\text{x})^{\log\text{x}}

Tanking logarithm on both the sides, we obtain
\log\text{y}=\log\text{x}.\log(\log\text{x})
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\log\text{x}.\log(\log\text{x})]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log(\log\text{x)}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x)}+\log\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}[\log(\log\text{x})]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\log(\log\text{x)}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}.\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}\log(\log\text{x)}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big]
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=(\log\text{x)}^{\log\text{x}}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\frac{\log(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}\Big]
Q696. If `\text{y}=(\cos\text{x})^{(\cos\text{x})^{(\cos\text{x})\dots\infty}}, show that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}^2\tan\text{x}}{\text{y}\log\cos\text{x}-1}. 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=(\cos\text{x})^{(\cos\text{x})^{(\cos\text{x})\dots\infty}}

\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=(\cos\text{x})^\text{y}
\therefore\ \log\text{y}=\log(\cos\text{x})^\text{y}
\frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\cos\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}}{\cos\text{x}}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})+\log\cos\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{1}{\text{y}}-\log\cos\text{x}\Big] =\frac{-\text{y}\sin\text{x}}{\cos\text{x}}=-\text{y}\tan\text{x}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{y}^2\tan\text{x}}{(1-\text{y}\log\cos\text{x})}=\frac{\text{y}^2\tan\text{x}}{\text{y}\log\cos\text{x}-1}
Q697. If \text{y}=\sqrt{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}+\ .... \text{to }\infty}}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\text{y}-1} 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\sqrt{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}+\sqrt{\text{x}+\ .... \text{to }\infty}}}

y2 = x + y
\Rightarrow 2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{y}-1)=1
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\text{y}-1}
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{{1}-\text{x}^{2}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg), 0 <\text{x}<1
Ans: The given relationship is,

\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{{1}-\text{x}^{2}}{1+\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{y}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big]
\Rightarrow-\sin\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(1+\text{x}^2)(-2\text{x})-(1-\text{x}^2)2\text{x}}{(1+\text{x}^2) ^2}
\Rightarrow-\sqrt{1-\cos^2\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2\text{x}-2\text{x}^3-2\text{x}+2\text{x}^3}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow-\sqrt{1-\Big\{\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big\}^2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-4\text{x}}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-\frac{(1-\text{x}^2)^2-(1-\text{x}^2)^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4\text{x}}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1+\text{x}^4+2\text{x}^2-1-\text{x}^4+2\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4\text{x}}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{4\text{x}^2}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4\text{x}}{(1+\text{x}^2)^2}
\Rightarrow\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{4\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}
3^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=3^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(3^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\big)
=3^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\times\log_\text{e}3\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{x})
[Using chain rule]
=3^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\times\log_\text{e}3\Big[\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})\Big]
=3^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\times\log_\text{e}3\Big[\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}\Big]
=3^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\big[1+\log\text{x}\big]\times\log_\text{e}3
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(3^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\big)=3^{\text{x}\log\text{x}}\big[1+\log\text{x}\big]\log_\text{e}3
Q700. \text{If x}=\text{a}(\cos\text{t}+\text{t}\sin\text{t})\text{ and y}=\text{a}(\sin\text{t}-\text{t}\cos\text{t}),\ \text{find}\dfrac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} 3 Marks
Ans: It is given that, \text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\text{t}+\text{t}\sin\text{t})\text{ and y}=\text{a}(\sin\text{t}-\text{t}\cos\text{t})

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos\text{t}+\text{t}\sin\text{t})
=\text{a}\Big[-\sin\text{t}+\sin\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{t})+\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin\text{t})\Big]
=\text{a}[-\sin\text{t}+\sin\text{t}+\text{t}\cos\text{t}]=\text{at}\cos\text{t}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\text{a}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin\text{t}-\text{t}\cos\text{t})
=\text{a}\Big[\cos\text{t}-\Big\{\cos\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{t})+\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos\text{t})\Big\}\Big]
=\text{a}[\cos\text{t}-\{\cos\text{t}-\text{t}\sin\text{t}\}]=\text{at}\sin\text{t}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}=\frac{\text{at}\sin\text{t}}{\text{at}\cos\text{t}}=\tan\text{t}
Then, \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{t})=\sec^2\text{t}.\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}
=\sec^2\text{t}.\frac{1}{\text{at}\cos\text{t}}\ \Big[\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\text{at}\cos\text{t}\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{at}\cos\text{t}}\Big]
=\frac{\sec^3\text{t}}{\text{at}}.0<\text{t}<\frac{\pi}{2}
Q701. Examine the following functions for continuity. 3 Marks
\text f(\text X)=\frac{\text X^{2} - 25}{\text {X} + 5}
Ans: \text f(\text X)=\frac{\text X^{2} - 25}{\text {X} + 5}

For f to be defined,
x + 5 \neq 0 i. e. x \neq -5
\therefore Df = Set of all real numbers except -5 = R - { -5}
Let \text{c} \neq -5 be any real number.
\therefore f(c) = \frac {\text{c}^2 - 25}{\text{c} + 25} = \frac{(\text{c}-5)(\text{c} + 5)}{\text{c}+5} = \text{c}-5
Also ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\frac{\text{x}^2-25}{\text{x}+5} =\ ^{\ \
\text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\frac{({\text{x} -5)(\text{x} +5)}}{\text{x}+ 5}
= ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{(x}- 5) = \text{c} - 5
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x}) = \text {f(c)}
\therefore f is continuous at x = c.
But \text{c} \neq -5 is any real number.
\therefore f is continuous at every real number \text{c} \in \text{D}_\text{f}.
\therefore f is continuous function.
Q702. Examine the following functions for continuity. 3 Marks
\text f(\text x)=\begin{vmatrix}\text x-5\end{vmatrix}
Ans: Here f(x) = | x - 5|

Function f is defined for all real numbers.
\therefore \text{f}(\text{c}) = \left| \text{c} - 5\right|
Also ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\left|\text{x}- 5\right| = \left|\text{c}-5\right|
\therefore f is continuous at x = c,
But c is any real number
\therefore f is continuous at every real number.
Q703. Show that the function \text{f(x)}=\big|\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}| is continuous at \text{x}=\pi. 3 Marks
Ans: Consider, \text{f(x)}=\big|\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}\big|\text{ at x}=\pi

Let \text{g(x)}=\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}
And \text{h(x)}=|\text{x}|
\therefore\ \text{hog (x)}=\text{h}[\text{g (x)}]
=\text{h }(\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x})
=|\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}|
Since, g(x) and h(x) are continuous functions and f(x) is a composite functions.
We know that composite functions of two continuous functions is also a continuous function.
Hence, \text{f(x)}=|\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}| is a continuous function everywhere,
So, f(x) is continuous at \text{x}=\pi.
Q704. Determine that value of the constant 'k' so that function \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{kx}}{|\text{x}|},&\text{if }\text{ x}<0\\3,&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq0\end{cases} is continuous at x = 3 Marks
0.
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{kx}}{|\text{x}|},&\text{if }\text{ x}<0\\3,&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq0\end{cases}

Since, the function is continuous at x = 0, therefore,
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x})=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x})=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\frac{-\text{kx}}{\text{x}}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}3=3
\Rightarrow-\text{k}=3
\Rightarrow\text{k}=-3
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{|x|}\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big), & \text{ x}\neq 0\\0 &\text{ x} = 0\end{cases}\text{at x}=0
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\text{x}\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big),\text{x}\neq0
\text{f}\text{(x)}=0,\ \text{x}=0
We observe
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{x}\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{x}\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\text{(x)}=0\times\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)
=0
Q706. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) at the point \text{x}=\frac{1}{2} where 3 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{x}, & 0\leq\text{x} < \frac{1}{2}\\\frac{1}{2},&\text{x}=\frac{1}{2}\\1-\text{x}, &\frac{1}{2}< \text{x}\leq 1\end{cases}
Ans: We want to discuss the continuity of the function at \text{x}=\frac{1}{2}.

\text{LHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \frac{1}{2}^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\Big(\frac{1}{2}-\text{h}\Big)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{1}
{2}-\text{h}=\frac{1}{2}
\text{RHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow \Big(\frac{1}{2}^-\Big)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\Big(\frac{1}{2}+\text{h}\Big)=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}1-
\Big(\frac{1}{2}+\text{h}\Big)=\frac{1}{2}
\text{f}\Big(\frac{1}{2}\Big)=\frac{1}{2}
Thus, \text{LHL}=\text{RHL}=\text{f}\Big(\frac{1}{2}\Big)=\frac{1}{2}
Hence, the function is continuous at \text{x}=\frac{1}{2}.
Q707. If \text{f(x)}=\frac{2\text{x}+3\sin\text{x}}{3\text{x}+2\sin\text{x}},\text{ x}\neq0 is continuous at x = 0, then find f(0). 3 Marks
Ans: It is given that the function is continuous at x = 0

\therefore\text{LHL}=\text{RHL}=\text{f}(0)\ ....(\text{i})
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}(0-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow 0}\frac{2(-\text{h})+3\sin(-\text{h})}{3(-\text{h})+2\sin(-
\text{h})}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{-2\text{h}-3\sin\text{h}}{-3\text{h}-2\sin\text{h}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{\frac{2\text{h}+3\sin\text{h}}{\text{h}}}{\frac{3\text{h}+2\sin\text{h}}{\text{h}}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{2+3\frac{\sin\text{h}}{\text{h}}}{3+2\frac{\sin\text{h}}{\text{h}}}
=\frac{2+3}{3+2}=1 \Big[\because=\lim_\limits{\theta\rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin\theta}{\theta}=1\Big]
Using (i) we get
=\text{f}(0)=1
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}(\text{x}^2-2\text{x}),&\text{if}\text{ x}<0\\\cos\text{x},&\text{if}\text{ x}\geq0\end{cases}\text{at x} = 0
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}(\text{x}^2-2\text{x}),&\text{if}\text{ x}<0\\\cos\text{x},&\text{if}\text{ x}\geq0\end{cases}
We have,
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{k}(\text{h}^2+2\text{h})=0
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\cos\text{h}=1
\therefore\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}\neq\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}
Thus, no value of k exists for which f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
Q709. If f(x) = |x - 2| write whether f(2) exists or not. 3 Marks
Ans: Given: \text{f(x)}=|\text{x}-2|=\begin{cases}\text{x}-2, & \text{x}> 2\\-\text{x}+2, & \text{x}\leq 2\end{cases}

Now,
(LHL at x = 2)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(2-\text{h})-\text{f}(2)}{2-\text{h}-2}
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{(-2+\text{h}+2)-0}{-\text{h}}
=-1
(RHL at x = 2)
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2+\text{h}+2-0}{\text{h}}
=1
Hence, \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(2)}{\text{x}-2}=\text{f'}(2) does not exist.
\text{y}=\text{x}^3\log\text{x}
Ans: We have
\text{y}=\text{x}^3\log\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dy}}=3\text{x}^2\log\text{x}+\text{x}^3\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}
=3\text{x}^2\log\text{x}+\text{x}^2
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=6\text{x}\log\text{x}+3\text{x}^2\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}+2\text{x}
=6\text{x}\log\text{x}+5\text{x}
\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{\text{x}^2},&\text{ if x}\neq0\\5,&\text{if x}=0\end{cases}
at x = 0
Ans: We have, \begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{\text{x}^2},&\text{ if x}\neq0\\5,&\text{if x}=0\end{cases} at x = 0.

At x = 0, \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^-}\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-\cos2(0-\text{h})}{(0-\text{h})^2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-\cos2\text{h}}
{\text{h}^2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\sin^2\text{h}}{\text{h}^2}=2
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0^+}\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-\cos2(0+\text{h})}{(0+\text{h})^2}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\sin^2\text{h}}{\text{h}^2}=2
Also f(0) = 5 (given)
Since, L.H.L = R.H.L ≠ f(0)
\log_7(2\text{x}-3)
Ans: Let, \text{y}=\log_7(2\text{x}-3)

\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\frac{\log(2\text{x}-3)}{\log_7}\ \Big[\text{Since}, \log^\text{b}_\text{a}=\frac{\log\text{b}}{\log\text{a}}\Big]
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\log7}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\log(2\text{x}-3)\big)
=\frac{1}{\log7}\times\frac{1}{(2\text{x}-3)}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x}-3)
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{2}{(2\text{x}-3)\log7}
Hence, \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log_7(2\text{x}-3))=\frac{2}{(2\text{x}-3)\log7}
Q713. For what value of k is the function 3 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin5\text{x}}{3\text{x}}, &\text{if}\text{ x}\neq0\\\text{k}, &\text{if}\text{ x}=0\end{cases} is continuous at x = 0?
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin5\text{x}}{3\text{x}}, &\text{if}\text{ x}\neq0\\\text{k}, &\text{if}\text{ x}=0\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin5\text{x}}{3\text{x}}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{5\sin5\text{x}}{3\times5\text{x}}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\frac{5}{3}\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin5\text{x}}{5\text{x}}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\frac{5}{3}\times1=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\text{k}=\frac{5}{3}
Q714. Find all points of discontinuity of the function \text{f(t)}=\frac{1}{\text{t}^2+\text{t}-2}, where \text{t}=\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}. 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{f(t)}=\frac{1}{\text{t}^2+\text{t}-2}, where \text{t}=\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}

\therefore\ \text{f(x)}=\frac{1}{\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}\Big)^2+\frac{1}{\text{x}-1}-2}
=\frac{(\text{x}-1)^2}{1+(\text{x}-1)-2(\text{x}-1)^2}=\frac{(\text{x}-1)^2}{-(2\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+2)}=\frac{(\text{x}-1)^2}{(2\text{x}-1)(2-\text{x})}
So, f(t) is discontinuous at 2x - 1 = 0
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}=\frac{1}{2}
and 2 - x = 0 ⇒ x = 2
Also f(t) is discontinuous at x = 1, where \text{t}=\frac{1}{\text{x}-1} is discontinuous.
Q715. Determine the value of the constant k so that the function 3 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-3\text{x}+2}{\text{x}-1}, &\text{if}\text{ x}\neq1\\\text{k}, &\text{if}\text{ x}=1\end{cases} is continuous at x = 1
Ans: We have that the function is continuous at x = 1

\therefore LHL = RHL = f(1) ....(1)
Now,
\text{LHL}=\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1^-}\text{f}\text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(1-\text{h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{(1-\text{h})^2-3(1-
\text{h})+2}{(1-\text{h})-1}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{h}^2+\text{h}}{-\text{h}}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}-\text{h}-1=-1
\text{f}(1)=\text{k}
from (1), We get,
k = -1
Q716. For what value of k is the following function continuous at x = 1 3 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}-1}, & \text{x} \neq 1\\\text{k}, & \text{x}= 1\end{cases}
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}-1}, & \text{x} \neq 1\\\text{k}, & \text{x}= 1\end{cases}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1}\frac{\text{x}^2-1}{\text{x}-1}=\text{k}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1}\frac{\text{(x}-1)(\text{x}+1)}{\text{x}-1}=\text{k}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 1}(\text{x}+1)=\text{k}
\text{k}=2
\text{y}^\text{x}=\text{x}^\text{y}
Ans: Given: \text{y}^\text{x}=\text{x}^\text{y}\ \Rightarrow\ \text{x}^\text{y}=\text{y}^\text{x}

\Rightarrow\ \log\text{x}^\text{y}=\log\text{y}^\text{x}\ \Rightarrow\ \text{y}\log\text{x}=\text{x}\log\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}\log\text{x})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{y})\ \Rightarrow\ \text{y}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}=\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\log\text{y}.1
\Rightarrow\ \Big(\log\text{x}-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big) \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log\text{y}-\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\ \Rightarrow\ \Big(\frac{\text{y}\log\text{x}-\text{x}}
{\text{y}}\Big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}\log\text{y}-\text{y}}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}(\text{x}\log\text{y}-\text{y})}{\text{x}(\text{y}\log\text{x}-\text{x})}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{5\text{x}},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\3\text{k},&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{5\text{x}},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq0\\3\text{k},&\text{if }\text{ x}=0\end{cases}

\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{5\text{x}}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\sin2\text{x}}{2\times5\text{x}}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{5}\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{2\text{x}}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\frac{2}{5}=3\text{k}
\text{f(x)}\begin{cases}\frac{\text{k}\cos\text{x}}{\pi -2\text{x}}\ \text{if}\ \text{x}\neq \frac{\pi}{2}\\3, \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x} =\frac{\pi}{2}\end{cases}
\text{at} \text{x} = \frac{\pi}{2}
Ans: Here \text{f(x)}\begin{cases}\frac{\text{k}\cos\text{x}}{\pi -2\text{x}},\ \text{if}\ \text{x}\neq \frac{\pi}{2}\\3, \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x} =\frac{\pi}{2}\end{cases}
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{2}}\text{f(x)}= ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\text{k}\cos\text{x}}{\pi - 2\text{x}} \left[ \text{Put}\ \text{x} = \frac{\pi}{2}
+ \text{h},\text{h} > 0 \ \text{so that h} \rightarrow0\ \text{as x} \rightarrow\frac{\pi}{2}\right]
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{k}\cos\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}+\text{h}\Big)}{{\pi}- {2}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{h}\Big)}=^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{-
\text{k}\sin\text{h}}{-2\text{h}}
\frac{\text{k}}{2}\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin\text{h}}{\text{h}} = \frac{\text{k}}{2}\times1 = \frac{\text{k}}{2}
Also \text{f}(\frac{\pi}{2})= 3
Since f is continuous at \text{x}= \frac{\pi}{2}
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow{\frac{\pi}{2}}}\text {f(x}) = \text{f}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Rightarrow \frac{\text{k}}{2} = 3 \Rightarrow\text{k} =6
Q720. Given the funcation \text{f(x)}=\frac{1}{\text{x}+2}. Find the points of discontinuity of the function f(f(x)). 3 Marks
Ans: \text{f}\big[\text{f(x)}\big]=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\text{x}+2}+2}=\frac{\text{x}+2}{2\text{x}+5}
So, f[f(x)] is not defind at x + 2 = 0 and 2x + 5 = 0
If x + 2, then x = - 2
If 2x + 5 = 0, then \text{x}=-\frac{5}{2}
Hence, the function is dicontinuous at \text{x}=-\frac{5}{2} and -2
Q721. For what value of k is the function 3 Marks
\text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{\text{x}}, & \text{x} \neq 0\\\text{k}, &\text{x} = 0\end{cases} continuous at x = 0.
Ans: Given, \text{f}\text{(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{\text{x}}, & \text{x} \neq 0\\\text{k}, &\text{x} = 0\end{cases}

\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{\text{x}}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{2\sin2\text{x}}{2\text{x}}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow2\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{2\text{x}}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow2\times1=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\text{k} =2
\frac{8^\text{x}}{\text{x}^8}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\frac{8^\text{x}}{\text{x}^8}

\Rightarrow\ \log\text{y}=\log\frac{8^\text{x}}{\text{x}^8}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dy}}\log\text{y}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\log8^\text{x}-\log\text{x}^8\big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\big[\text{x}.\log8-8.\log\text{x}]
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log8.1-8.\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log8-\frac{8}{\text{x}}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\Big(\log8-\frac{8}{\text{x}}\Big)=\frac{8^\text{x}}{\text{x}^8}\Big(\log8-\frac{8}{\text{x}}\Big)
Q723. Write the value of b which \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}5\text{x}-4,&0<\text{x}\leq1\\4\text{x}^2+3\text{bx},&1<\text{x}<2\end{cases} is continuous at x = 1. 3 Marks
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}5\text{x}-4,&0<\text{x}\leq1\\4\text{x}^2+3\text{bx},&1<\text{x}<2\end{cases}

\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x})=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x})=\text{f}(1)\ ...(\text{i})
Now,
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x})=\lim\limits_{{\text{h}}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(1-\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{{\text{h}}\rightarrow0}5(1-\text{h})-4=5-4=1
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f(x})=\lim\limits_{{\text{h}}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(1+\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{{\text{h}}\rightarrow0}4(1+\text{h})^2+3\text{b}
(1+\text{h})=4+3\text{b}
Also,
\text{f}(1)=5(1)-4=1
=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow1^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow1^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(1) [From eq. (i)]
\Rightarrow1=4+3\text{b}=1
\Rightarrow1=4+3\text{b}
\Rightarrow-3=3\text{b}
\Rightarrow\text{b}=-1
Thus, for b = -1, the function f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}+1,&\text{if}\text{ x}\leq5\\3\text{x}-5,&\text{if}\text{ x}>5\end{cases}\text{at x} =5
Ans: \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}+1,&\text{if}\text{ x}\leq5\\3\text{x}-5,&\text{if}\text{ x}>5\end{cases}\text{at x} =5

We have given that function is continuous at x = 5
\therefore\ \text{LHL}=\text{RHL}=\text{f}(5)\ ....(\text{i})
\text{f}(5)=5\text{k}+1
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow5^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(5+\text{h})
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}3(5+\text{h})-5=10
Thus, using (i) we get,
5\text{k}+1=10
5\text{k}=9
\text{k}=\frac{9}{5}
\text{y}=\text{x}^2\text{ on }[-2,2]
Ans: Let f(x) = x2

Since f(x) is a polynomial function, it is continuous on [-2, 2] and differentiable on (-2, 2)
Also, f(2) = f(-2) = 4
Concequently, there exists at least one point \text{c}\in(-2,2) for which f'(c) = 0.
But \text{f}'(\text{c})=0
\Rightarrow\text{c}=0
\therefore\text{f}_\text{c}=\text{f}_0=0
By the geometrical interpretetion of Rolle's theorem, (0, 0) is the point on y = x2, where the tangent is parallel to the x-axis.
\log(\tan^{-1}\text{x})
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\log\big(\tan^{-1}\text{x}\big)

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\big(\tan^{-1}\text{x}\big)
=\frac{1}{\tan^{-1}\text{x}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\tan^{-1}\text{x}\big)
[Using chain rule]
=\frac{1}{\big(1+\text{x}^2\big)\tan^{-1}\text{x}}
Hence, the solution is, \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\log\tan^{-1}\text{x}\big)=\frac{1}{\big(1+\text{x}^2\big)\tan^{-1}\text{x}}
Q727. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}},\ \text{if y}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\sin^{-1} \sqrt{1-\text{x}^2},\ -1\leq\text{x}\leq1 3 Marks
Ans: It is given that, \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\sin^{-1}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\sin^{-1}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\Big]
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^{-1}\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^{-1}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2})^2}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}+\frac{1}{\text{x}}.\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}^2)
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}+\frac{1}{2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}(-2\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}
\tan^2\text{x}
Ans: Let,
\text{y}=\tan^2\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\tan\text{x }\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})\ \big[\text{using chain rule}\big]
=2\tan\text{x}\times\sec^2\text{x}
So,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=\big(\tan^2\text{x}\big)=2\tan\text{x }\sec^2\text{x}.
Q729. Find f(x) is continuse at x = 0, then \text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{x}}{1-\sqrt{1-\text{x}}} becomes continuous at x = 0. 3 Marks
Ans: If f(x) is continuous at x = 0, then \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\text{f(x})=\text{f}(0)\ ....(\text{i})

Given, \text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{x}}{1-\sqrt{1-\text{x}}}
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{x}\big(1+\sqrt{1-\text{x}}\big)}{\big(1-\sqrt{1-\text{x}}\big)\big(1+\sqrt{1-\text{x}}\big)}
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{x}\big(1+\sqrt{1-\text{x}}\big)}{1-(1-\text{x})}
\Rightarrow\text{f(x)}=\big(1+\sqrt{1-\text{x}}\big)
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}=\big(1+\sqrt{1-\text{x}}\big)=\text{f}(0) [From eq. (i)]
\Rightarrow\text{f}(0)=2
So, for f(0) = 2, the function f(x) becomes continuous x = 0
Q730. For what value of k is the following function continuous at x = 2? 3 Marks
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x}+1,&\text{if }\text{ x}<2\\\text{k},&\text{x}=2\\3\text{x}-1,&\text{x}>2\end{cases}
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x}+1,&\text{if }\text{ x}<2\\\text{k},&\text{x}=2\\3\text{x}-1,&\text{x}>2\end{cases}

We have,
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2(2-\text{h})+1)=5
=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2+\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}3(2+\text{h})-1=5
Also, \text{f}(2)=\text{k}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\text{f}(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^+}\text{f}(\text{x})=\text{f}(2)
\Rightarrow5=5=\text{k}
Hence, for k = 5, (fx) is continuous at x = 2
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}(\text{x}^2+3\text{x}),&\text{if }\text{ x}<0\\\cos2\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq0\end{cases}
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}(\text{x}^2+3\text{x}),&\text{if }\text{ x}<0\\\cos2\text{x},&\text{if }\text{ x}\geq0\end{cases}

\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}{(-\text{h)}}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(-\text{h})
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Big(\text{k}\big((-\text{h})^2-3\text{h}\big)\Big)=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(\cos2\text{h})
\Rightarrow0=1 [It is not possible]
Hence, there does not exist any value of k, which can make the given function continuous.
Q732. Test the continuity of the function on f(x) at the origin: 3 Marks
\text{f}\ (\text{x})=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{|x|}},& \text{x}\neq0\\1, & \text{x} = 0\end{cases}
Ans: Given,
\text{f}\ (\text{x})=\text{x},\text{ x}\neq0
\text{f}\ (\text{x})=1,\text{ x}=0
We observe
\text{(LHL at x}= 0)
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{ (x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f} \ (0-\text{h})
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^-}\text{f}\text{ (-h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0} \frac{\text{-h}}{\text{h}}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}-1=-1
\text{(RHL at x}=0)
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 0^+}\text{f}\ \text{(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}(0+\text{h})
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\text{f}\ \text{(h)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}\frac{\text{h}}{\text{h}}
\lim\limits_{\text{h} \rightarrow 0}1=1
Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at the origin.
\text{e}^{\text{x}-\text{y}}=\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}\Big)
Ans: We have, \tan^{-1}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)=\text{a}

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\tan^{-1}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)\big]=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{a})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)^2}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)=0
\Rightarrow\Big[\frac{1}{1+(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)^2}\Big]\Big(2\text{x}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow2\text{x}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\text{x}+\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{x}}{\text{y}}
\text{f}(\text{x})=\text{x}^{\frac{2}{3}}\text{ on }[-1,1]
Ans: Here, \text{f}(\text{x})=\text{x}^{\frac{2}{3}}\text{ on }[-1,1]

\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{2}{3\text{x}^{\frac{1}{3}}}
\text{f}'(0)=\frac{2}{3(0)^{\frac{1}{3}}}
\text{f}'(0)=\infty
So, f'(x) does not exist at \text{x}=0\in(-1,1)
⇒ f(x) is not differentialble in \text{x}\in(-1,1)
So, Rolle's theorem is not applicable on f(x) in [-1, 1].
Q735. Examine the differentialiblilty of the function f defined by \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x}+3 & \text{if}-3\leq\text{x}\leq-2\\\text{x}+1 & \text{if} -2\leq\text{x}\leq0\\\text{x}+2&\text{if}\ 3 Marks
0\leq\text{x}\leq1\end{cases}
Ans: \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}2\text{x}+3 & \text{if}-3\leq\text{x}\leq-2\\\text{x}+1 & \text{if} -2\leq\text{x}\leq0\\\text{x}+2&\text{if}\ 0\leq\text{x}\leq1\end{cases}

\text{f}'(\text{x})=\begin{cases}2 & \text{if}-3\leq\text{x}\leq-2,\\1 & \text{if} -2\leq\text{x}\leq0\\1&\text{if}\ 0\leq\text{x}\leq1\end{cases}
Now,
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{-}}\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{-}}2=2
\text{RHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{+}}\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^{+}}1=1
Since, at \text{x}=-2,\text{LHL}\neq\text{RHL}
Hence, f(x) is not differentiable at x = -2
Again,
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{-}}1=1
\text{RHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}\text{f}'(\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^{+}}1=1
Since, at \text{x}=0,
\text{LHL}=\text{RHL}
Hence, f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
Q736. Using Rolle’s theorem, find the point on the curve \text{y}=\text{x}(\text{x}-4),\text{x}\in[0,4]. where the tangent is parallel to x-axis. 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\text{x}(\text{x}-4),\text{x}\in[0,4]

Since given function is polynomial it is continuous and differentiable
Also y(0) = y(4) = 0
Hence there exists a point \text{c}\in(0,4) such that
f'(c) = 0
⇒ 2c - 4 = 0
⇒c=2
⇒ x = 2 and y(2) = 2(2 - 4) = -4
Therefore, the required point on the curve, where the tangent drawn is parallel to the x-axix is (2, -4).
Q737. State Rolle's theorem. 3 Marks
Ans: Rolle's theorem: Let f(x) be a real value function defined on the closed interval [a, b] such that
1. It is continuous on [a, b]
2. It is differentiable on (a, b)
3. f(a) = f(b)
Then, there exists a real number \text{c}\in(\text{a},\text{b}) such that f'(c) = 0.
Q738. Find the value of k for which the function \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^{2} + 3\text{x} - 10}{\text{x} - 2},&\text{x}\neq2\\\text{k},&\text{x} = {2}\end{cases} is continues at x = 2. 3 Marks
Ans: Given
\text{f(x)} = \frac{\text{x}^{2} + 3\text{x} - 10}{\text{x} - 2}
Continuity
\text{x} = 2
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 2} \frac{\text{x}^{2} + 3\text{x} - 10}{\text{x} -2} = \text{k}
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow 2} \frac{\text{x}^{2} + 5\text{x} - 2\text{x} - 10}{\text{x} - 2 } = \text{k}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 2}\frac{\text{x} (\text{x} + 5) - 2 (\text{x} + 5)}{\text{x} - 2} = \text{k}
\lim\limits_{\text{x} \rightarrow 2} \frac{(\text{x} - 2) (\text{x} + 5)}{\text{(x} - 2)} = \text{k}
When x = 2
x+5=k
k=5+2=7
k=7
Q739. State Lagrange's mean value theorem. 3 Marks
Ans: Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem:

Let f(x) be a function defined on [a, b] such that
1. It is continuous on [a, b] and
2. It is differentiable on (a, b).
Then, there exists a real number \text{c}\in(\text{a},\text{b}) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(\text{b})-\text{f}(\text{a})}{\text{b}-\text{a}}.
Q740. \text{If y}=\text{e}^{\text{y}}(\text{x}+1)=1,\text{ show that }\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2 3 Marks
Ans: Here \text{e}^{\text{y}}(\text{x}+1)=1

\therefore\ \log[\text{e}^{\text{y}}(\text{x}+1)]=\log1
\therefore\ \log\text{e}^{\text{y}}(\text{x}+1)=0
\therefore\ \text{y}\log\text{e}=-\log(\text{x}+1)
\therefore\ \text{y}=-\log(\text{x}+1)\ \ [\because\text{loge}=1]
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{\text{x}+1}\ \dots(1)
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\Bigg[\frac{(\text{x}+1).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1)-1.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+1)}{(\text{x}+1)^2}\Bigg] =-
\Big[\frac{(\text{x}+1).0-1.1}{(\text{x}+1)^2}\Big]
=\frac{1}{(\text{x}+1)^2}=\Big(-\frac{1}{(\text{x}+1)^2}\Big)^2
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2\ \dots[\because\text{of }(1)]
Q741. \text{If x}\sqrt{1+\text{y}}+\text{y}\sqrt{1+\text{x}}=0, for, < x < 1, prove that 3 Marks
Ans: It is given that,

\text{x}\sqrt{1+\text{y}}+\text{y}\sqrt{1+\text{x}}=0
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}\sqrt{1+\text{y}}=-\text{y}\sqrt{1+\text{x}}
Squaring both sides, we obtain
\text{x}^2(1+\text{y})=\text{y}^2(1+\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}^2+\text{x}^2\text{y}=\text{y}^2+\text{xy}^2
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}^2-\text{y}^2=\text{xy}^2-\text{x}^2\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \text{x}^2-\text{y}^2=\text{xy}(\text{y}-\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ (\text{x}+\text{y})(\text{x}-\text{y})=\text{xy}(\text{y}-\text{x})
\therefore\ \text{x}+\text{y}=-\text{xy}
\Rightarrow\ (1+\text{x})\text{y}=-\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\frac{-\text{x}}{(1+\text{x})}
\text{y}=\frac{-\text{x}}{(1+\text{x})}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(1+\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x)}-\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1+\text{x})}{(1+\text{x})^2} =-\frac{(1+\text{x})-\text{x}}{(1+\text{x})^2}=-
\frac{1}{(1+\text{x})^2}
Hence, proved.
Q742. Show that the Lagrange's mean value theorem is not applicable to the function 3 Marks
\text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\text{ on }[-1,1]
Ans: Given,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\frac{1}{\text{x}}
Clearly, f(x) is does not exist for x = 0
Thus, the given function is discontinuous on [-1, 1]
Hence, Lagrange's mean value theorem is not applicable for the given function on [-1, 1].
Q743. Write the derivative of f(x) = |x|3 at x = 0. 3 Marks
Ans: Given: \text{f(x)}=|\text{x}^3|=\begin{cases}\text{x}^3,&\text{x}\geq0\\-\text{x}^3,&\text{x}<0\end{cases}

(LHL at x = 0)
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0-\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^3}{-\text{h}}
=0
(RHL at x = 0)
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f}(0+\text{h})-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}}
=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}^3-0}{-\text{h}}
=0
And f(0) = 0.
Thus, (LHL at x = 0) = (RHL at x = 0) = f(0)
Hence, \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f}(0)}{\text{x}-0}=\text{f}'(0)=0.
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{3\text{a}^2\text{x}-\text{x}^3}{\text{a}^3-3\text{ax}^2}\Big),\frac{-1}{\sqrt{3}}<\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{3\text{a}^2\text{x}-\text{x}^3}{\text{a}^3-3\text{ax}^2}\Big)

Put \text{x}=\text{a}\tan\theta\Rightarrow\ \theta=\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}
\therefore\ \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\bigg[\frac{3\tan\theta-\tan^3\theta}{1-3\tan^2\theta}\bigg] \bigg[\because\tan3\theta=\frac{3\tan\theta-\tan^3\theta}{1-3\tan^2\theta}\bigg]
=\tan^{-1}(\tan3\theta)=3\theta
=3\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big[\because\theta=\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big]
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\tan^{-1}\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}} =3\cdot\Bigg[\frac{1}{1+\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2}}\Bigg]\cdot\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\cdot\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\text{a}}\Big)
=3\cdot\frac{\text{a}^2}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}.=\frac{1}{\text{a}}=\frac{3\text{a}}{\text{a}^2+\text{x}^2}
Q745. If \text{y}=\sin(\log\text{x}) prove that \text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}=0 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\sin(\log\text{x})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-\sin(\log\text{x})-\cos(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-\sin(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}-\frac{\cos(\log\text{x})}{\text{x}^2}{}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-\text{y}}{\text{x}^2}-\frac{1}{\text{x}}\times\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}=0
\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big),\pi<\text{x}<\pi
Ans: Let \text{f(x)}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)

This function is defined for all real numbers where \cos\text{x}\neq1
\text{f(x)}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\ \text{f(x)}=\tan^{-1}\Bigg[\frac{2\sin\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)\cos\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)}{2\cos^2\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)}\Bigg]
\Rightarrow\ \text{f(x)}=\tan^{-1}\big[\tan\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)\big]=\frac{\text{x}}{2}
Thus, \text{f'(x)}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\frac{\text{x}}{2}\big)=\frac{1}{2}
\text{x}=\text{a}(\theta-\sin\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)
Ans: The given equations are \text{x}=\text{a}(\theta-\sin\theta)\text{ and y}=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)

Then, \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}= \text{a}\Big[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\theta)-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sin\theta)\Big]=\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}= \text{a}\Big[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(1)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\cos\theta)\Big]=\text{a}[0+(-\sin\theta)]=-\text{a}\sin\theta
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}=\frac{-\text{a}\sin\theta}{\text{a}(1-
\cos\theta)}=\frac{-2\sin\frac{\theta}{2}\cos\frac{\theta}{2}}{2\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2}}=\frac{-\cos\frac{\theta}{2}}{\sin\frac{\theta}{2}}=-\cot\frac{\theta}{2}
\text{f(x)} = \sin \text{x} . \cos \text{x}
Ans: Let a be an arbitrary real number then ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{+}}\text{f(x)} \Rightarrow^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\text{f(a + h)}
\Rightarrow\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\sin\text{(a + h)} . \cos (\text{a} + \text{h})
\Rightarrow\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}(\sin\text{a}\cos\text{ h} + \cos\text{a} \sin \text{h})(\cos \text{a}\cos\text{h}-\sin\text{a}\sin\text{h})
= (\sin \text{a}\cos0+\cos\text{a}\sin0) (\cos\text{a}\cos0 - \sin\text{a}\sin0)
=( \sin \text{a} + 0) ( \cos\text{a}-0)
= \sin \text{a} . \cos\text{a}= \text{f(a)}
Similarly, we have ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(a)}
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{-}}\text{f(x)}= \text{f(a)}= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
Since, a is an arbitrary real number, therefore, \text{f(x)}= \sin\text{x} . \cos\text{x} is continuous.
Q749. Find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}},\ \text{if y}=12(1-\cos \text{t}),\ \text{x}=10(\text{t}-\sin\text{t}),\ -\frac{\pi}{2}<\text{t}<\frac{\pi}{2} 3 Marks
Ans: It is given that, \text{y}=12(1-\cos\text{t}),\text{x}=10(\text{t}-\sin\text{t})

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}[10(\text{t}-\sin\text{t})] =10.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\text{t}-\sin\text{t})=10(1-\cos\text{t})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}[12(1-\cos\text{t}) =12.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(1-\cos\text{t})=12.[0-(-\sin\text{t})]=12\sin\text{t}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}=\frac{12\sin\text{t}}{10(1-\cos\text{t})} =\frac{12.2\sin\frac{\text{t}}
{2}.\cos\frac{\text{t}}{2}}{10.2\sin^2\frac{\text{t}}{2}}=\frac{6}{5}\cot\frac{\text{t}}{2}
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{3\text{x}-\text{x}^{3}}{1-3\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg), -\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}
Ans: The given relationship is \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{3\text{x}-\text{x}^{3}}{1-3\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg)

\Rightarrow\tan\text{y}=\frac{3\text{x}-\text{x}^{3}}{1-3\text{x}^{2}} ...\text{(i)}
\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Bigg(\frac{3\text{x}-\text{x}^{3}}{1-3\text{x}^{2}}\Bigg)
It is known that, \tan\text{y}=\frac{3\tan\frac{\text{y}}{3}-\tan^{3}\frac{\text{y}}{3}}{1-3\tan^{2}\frac{\text{y}}{3}} ...\text{(ii)}
Comparing equations (1) and (2), we obtain
\text{x} =\tan\frac{\text{y}}{3}
Differenting this relationship with respect to x, we obtain
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Bigg(\tan\frac{\text{y}}{3}\Bigg)
\Rightarrow1 =\sec^{2}\frac{\text{y}}{3}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Bigg(\frac{\text{y}}{3}\Bigg)
\Rightarrow1 =\sec^{2}\frac{\text{y}}{3}.\frac{\text{1}}{\text{3}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{3}{\sec^{2}\frac{\text{y}}{3}} =\frac{3}{1 +\tan^{2}\frac{\text{y}}{3}}
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= \frac{3}{1+ \text{x}^{2}}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{|\text{x}-4|}{2(\text{x}-4)},&\text{if x}\neq4\\0,&\text{if x}=4\end{cases}
at x = 4
Ans: The condition for function f to be a continuous at x = a is given by =\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(a)}

Consider, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{|\text{x}-4|}{2(\text{x}-4)},&\text{if x}\neq4\\0,&\text{if x}=4\end{cases} at x = 4.
At x = 4, \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow4^-}\frac{|\text{x}-4|}{2(\text{x}-4)}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{|4-\text{h}-4|}{2\big[(4-\text{h})-4\big]}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{|-\text{h}|}{-2\text{h}}
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{h}}{-2\text{h}}=\frac{-1}{2}\text{ and f}(4)=0\neq\text{L.H.L}
Q752. If \text{y}=\log|3\text{x}|,\text{x}\neq0, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\log|3\text{x}|

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log|3\text{x}|)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{3\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{3\text{x}}(3)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4}\text{ on }[2,4]
Ans: We have,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4}
Here, f(x) will exist,
if
\text{x}^2-4\geq0
\Rightarrow\text{x}\leq-2\text{ or }\text{x}\geq2
Since, for each \text{x}\in2,4, the function f(x) attains a unique definite value.
So, f(x) is continuous on 2, 4
Also,
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4}}(2\text{x})=\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4}}
Exists for all \text{x}\in2,4
So, f(x) is differentiable on 2, 4.
Consequently, there exists some \text{c}\in2,4 such that
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4}}(2\text{x})=\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4}}
Now,
\text{f}(\text{x})=\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4}},\text{f}(4)=2\sqrt3,\text{f}(2)=0
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4}}=\frac{2\sqrt3}{2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2-4}}=\sqrt3
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{x}^2-4}=3
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2=3\text{x}^2-12
\Rightarrow\text{x}^2=6
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\pm\sqrt6
Thus, \text{c}=\sqrt6\in(2,4) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(4)-\text{f}(2)}{4-2}
Q754. If \text{y}=\log_\text{a}\text{x},, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 3 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\log_\text{a}\text{x},

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{\log\text{x}}{\log\text{a}} \Big[\because\log_\text{a}\text{b}=\frac{\log\text{b}}{\log\text{a}}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\log\text{a}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\log\text{a}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}\log\text{a}}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}\text{x}^2,&\text{x}\geq1\\4,&\text{x}<1\end{cases}\text{at x} =1
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}\text{x}^2,&\text{x}\geq1\\4,&\text{x}<1\end{cases}
We have,
\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}4=4
\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{k}(1+\text{h})^2=\text{k}
Q756. If f(0) = f(1) = 0, f'(1) = 1 and y = f(ex) ef(x), write the value of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\text{ at x} = 0. 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
f(0) = f(1) = 0, f'(1) = 2
And, y = f(ex)df(x)
Differentiating ti with respect to x using product rule, chain rule,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big[\text{f}(\text{e}^\text{x})\times\text{e}^{\text{f(x)}}\big]
=\text{f}(\text{e}^\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{e}^{\text{f(x)}}+\text{e}^{\text{f(x)}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{f}(\text{e}^\text{x})
=\text{f}(\text{e}^\text{x})\text{e}^{\text{f(x)}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{f(x)}+\text{e}^{\text{f(x)}}\times\text{f}'(\text{e}^\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^\text{x})
=\text{f}(\text{e}^\text{x})\times\text{e}^{\text{f(x)}}\times\text{f}'\text{(x)}+\text{e}^{\text{f(x)}}+\text{f}'(\text{e}^\text{x})\times\text{e}^\text{x}
Put x = 0
=\text{f}(\text{e}^0)\text{e}^{\text{f}(0)}\text{f}'(0)+\text{e}^{\text{f}(0)}\text{f}^{1}(\text{e}^0)\times\text{e}^0
=\text{f}(1)\text{e}^{\text{f}(0)}\times\text{f}'(0)+\text{e}^{\text{f}(0)}\times\text{f}'(1)\times1
=0\times\text{e}^0\times\text{f}'(0)+\text{e}^02\times1
\big[\text{Since},\text{f}(0)=\text{f}(1)=0,\text{f}'(1)=2\big]
=0+1\times2\times1
=2
So,
\text{f(x)}=|\text{x}|+|\text{x}-1|\text{ at x}=1
Ans: The function f will be continuous at x = a, if =\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{a}^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{a}^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(a)}.

Consider, \text{f(x)}=|\text{x}|+|\text{x}-1|\text{ at x}=1
At x = 1, \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow1^-}\big[|\text{x}|+|\text{x}-1|\big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[|1-\text{h}|+|1-\text{h}-1|\big]=1+0=1
At x = 1, \text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow1^-}\big[|\text{x}|+|\text{x}-1|\big]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\big[|1+\text{h}|+|1+\text{h}-1|\big]=1+0=1
\text{f}(1)=|1|+|0|=1
Since, L.H.L = R.H.L = f(1)
10^{(10^\text{x})}
Ans: Let \text{y}=10^{(10^\text{x})}\ .....(\text{i})

\log\text{y}=\log_\text{e}10^{(10^\text{x})}
\log\text{y}=10^{\text{x}}\log_\text{e}10
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\log_\text{e}10\times10^\text{x}\log_\text{e}10
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=10^\text{x}\times(\log_\text{e}10)^2
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\big[10^{\text{x}}\times(\log_\text{e}10)^2\big]
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=10^{(10\text{x})}\times10^\text{x}\times(\log_\text{e}10)^2
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos2\text{kx}}{\text{x}^2},&\text{if}\text{ x}\neq0\\8,&\text{if}\text{ x}=0\end{cases}\text{at x}=0
Ans: Given,
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos2\text{kx}}{\text{x}^2},&\text{if}\text{ x}\neq0\\8,&\text{if}\text{ x}=0\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{1-\cos2\text{kx}}{\text{x}^2}=8
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\frac{2\text{k}^2\sin^2\text{kx}}{\text{k}^2\text{x}^2}=8
\Rightarrow2\text{k}^2\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow 0}\Big(\frac{\sin\text{kx}}{\text{kx}}\Big)^2=8
\Rightarrow2\text{k}^2\times1=8
\Rightarrow\text{k}^2=4
\text{y}=\log(\log\text{x})
Ans: We have,
\text{y}=\log(\log\text{x})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}\times\frac{1}{\text{x}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{0-(\log\text{x}+1)}{(\text{x}\log\text{x})^2}=-\frac{(1+\log\text{x})}{(\text{x}\log\text{x})^2}
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{kx}+5,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq2\\\text{x}-1,&\text{if }\text{ x}>2\end{cases}
Ans: \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{kx}+5,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq2\\\text{x}-1,&\text{if }\text{ x}>2\end{cases}

It is given that the function is continuous
\therefore\ \text{LHL}=\text{RHL}=\text{f}(2)\ ...(\text{i})
\text{LHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2-\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{k}(2-\text{h})+5=2\text{k}+5
\text{RHL}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow2^+}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2+\text{h})=\lim_\limits{\text{h}\rightarrow0}(2+\text{h})-1=1
Thus, using (i) we get
2\text{k}+5=1
\text{k}=-2
\text{x}^{3}+\text{x}^{2}\text{y} +\text{x} \text{y}^{2}+\text{y}^{3} = 81
Ans: The given relationship is \text{x}^{3}+\text{x}^{2}\text{y} +\text{x} \text{y}^{2}+\text{y}^{3} = 81

differenting this relationship with respect to x, we obtain
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^{3}+\text{x}^{2}\text{y} +\text{x} \text{y}^{2}+\text{y}^{3}) =\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(81)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^{3})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^{2}\text{y})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\text{y}^{2})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{(y}^{3}) =0
\Rightarrow 3\text{x}^{2}+\Big[\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^{2})+\text{x}^{2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big] +\Big[\text{y}^{2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}
(\text{x})+\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}^{2})\Big]+3\text{y}^{2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow3\text{x}^{2}+\Big[\text{y}.2\text{x}+\text{x}^{2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]+\Big[\text{y}^{2}.1+\text{x}.2\text{y}.\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}\Big]+3\text{y}^{2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= 0
\Rightarrow(\text{x}^{2} + 2\text{xy}+3\text{y}^{2})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+(3\text{x}^{2}+2\text{xy}+\text{y}^{2})= 0
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= \frac{-(3\text{x}^{2}+2\text{xy}+\text{y}^{2})}{(\text{x}^{2}+2\text{xy}+3\text{y}^{2})}
\cos(\log\text{ x})^2
Ans: Consider \text{y}=\cos(\log\text{ x})^2

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos(\log\text{ x})^2
=-\sin(\log\text{x})^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{ x})^2
=-\sin(\log\text{x})^2\frac{2\log\text{x}}{\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2\log\text{x}\sin(\log\text{x})^2}{\text{x}}
So, The solution is \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2\log\text{x}\sin(\log\text{x})^2}{\text{x}}
\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}+1}}\Big)
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}+1}}\Big)

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x}+1}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{-1\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{x+1}}}\Big)^2}}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\frac{1}{(\text{x}+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}} \Big[\because\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^{-1}\text{x})=\frac{1}
{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big]
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}+1-1}{\text{x}+1}}}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x+1})^{\frac{-1}{2}}
=\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}+1}{\text{x}}}\cdot\frac{-1}{2}(\text{x}+1)^{\frac{1}{2}-1}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x+1})
=\frac{(\text{x}+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\text{x}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\cdot\Big(-\frac{1}{2}\Big)(\text{x}+1)^{-\frac{3}{2}}
=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}\cdot\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}+1}\Big)
\sin^{2}\text{y}+\cos\text{xy}=\pi
Ans: The given relationship is \sin^{2}\text{y}+\cos\text{xy}=\pi

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^{2}\text{y}+\cos\text{xy})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\pi)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^{2}\text{y})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{xy})=0\ ...(\text{i})
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^{2}\text{y})= 2\sin\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{y})=2\sin\text{y}\cos\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} ...\text{(ii)}
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{xy})=-\sin\text{xy}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy})=-\sin\text{xy}\Big[\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]
=-\sin\text{xy}\Big[\text{y}.1+\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]= -\text{y}\sin\text{xy}-\text{x}\sin\text{xy}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dy}} ...(\text{iii})
2\sin\text{y}\cos\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}-\text{y}\sin\text{xy}-\text{x}\sin\text{xy}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow(2\sin\text{y}\cos\text{y}-\text{x}\sin\text{xy})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\sin\text{xy}
Q766. Determine the value of the constant k so that the function \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{kx}^2,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq2\\3,&\text{if }\text{ x}>2\end{cases} is continuous at x = 2. 3 Marks
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{kx}^2,&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq2\\3,&\text{if }\text{ x}>2\end{cases}

\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^+}=\text{f}(2)\ ...(\text{i})
Now,
\lim\limits_{\text{x}\rightarrow2^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{f}(2-\text{h})\\=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{k}(2-\text{h})^2=4\text{k}
And, f(2) = 3
From (i) we have,
4\text{k}=3
f(x) = x2 - 3x + 2 on [-1, 2]
Ans: We have
f(x) = x2 - 3x + 2
Therefore, f(x) is continuous on -1, 2 and differentiable on -1, 2.
So, there must exist at least one real number \text{c}\in-1,2 such that
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(2)-\text{f}(-1)}{2+1}
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(2)-\text{f}(-1)}{3}
Now,
f(x) = x2 - 3x + 2
⇒ f'(x) = 2x - 3
⇒ f(2) = 0
⇒ f(-1) = (-1)2 - 3(-1) + 2
⇒ f(-1) = 6
\therefore\ \text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{\text{f}(2)-\text{f}(-1)}{3}
\Rightarrow2\text{x}-3=-2
\Rightarrow2\text{x}-1=0
Thus, \text{c}=\frac{1}{2}\in(1,2) such that \text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(2)-\text{f}(-1)}{2-(-1)}
Q768. If \text{x}=\text{a}(\cos2\text{t}+2\text{t}\sin2\text{t})\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{a}(\sin2\text{t}-2\text{t}\cos2\text{t}), then find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}. 3 Marks
Ans: \text{x}=\text{a}(\cos2\text{t}+2\text{t}\sin2\text{t})
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=-2\text{a}\sin2\text{t}+2\text{a}\sin2\text{t}+4\text{at}\cos2\text{t}=4\text{at}\cos2\text{t}
\text{y}=\text{a}(\sin2\text{t}-2\text{t}\cos2\text{t})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=2\text{a}\cos2\text{t}-2\text{a}\cos2\text{t}+4\text{at}\sin2\text{t}=4\text{at}\sin2\text{t}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\tan2\text{t}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan2\text{t})
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2\sec^22\text{t}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{t})
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2\sec^22\text{t}\times\frac{1}{4\text{at}\cos2\text{t}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{1}{2\text{a}}\sec^32\text{t}
\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)^2=\text{xy}
Ans: We have, \big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)^2=\text{xy}

On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)^2=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy})
\Rightarrow\ 2\big(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2\big)^2\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{y}+\text{y}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ 2(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)\cdot\Big(2\text{x}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dy}}\Big)=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ 2\text{x}^2\cdot2\text{x}+2\text{x}^2\cdot2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\text{y}^2\cdot2\text{x}+2\text{y}^2\cdot2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\text{y}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\big[4\text{x}^2\text{y}+4\text{y}^3-\text{x}\big]=\text{y}-4\text{x}^3-4\text{xy}^2
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{(\text{y}-4\text{x}^3-4\text{xy}^2)}{(4\text{x}^2\text{y}+4\text{y}^3-\text{x})}
Q770. \text{If y}=(\tan ^1 \text{x})^2,\text{show that }(\text{x}^2+1)^2 \ \text{y}_2+ 2\text{x}(\text{x}^2+1)_\text{y}=2 3 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=(\tan^{-1}\text{x})^2\ \dots(1)

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2 \tan ^{-1}\text{x}.\frac{1}{1+\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow \ (1+ \text{x}^2) \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} =2 \tan^{-1} \text{x}
\Rightarrow\ (1+\text{x}^2)^2\bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^2=4 (\tan ^{-1}\text{x})^2
\Rightarrow\ (1+\text{x}^2)^2 \bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^2= 4\text{y}\ \ [\because\text{of } (1)]
Differenitiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get,
(1 +\text{x}^2)^2.2 \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\bigg(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg)^2.2(1+\text{x}^2).2 \text{x}=4 \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
Divide both sides by 2 \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}, we get,
(1+\text{x}^2)^2.\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+2 \text{x}(1+\text{x}^2)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2
\text{Or}\ \ (\text{x}{^2}+1)\text{y}_2+2 \text{x}(\text{x}^2+1)\text{y}_1=2
Q771. If \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}, Find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} in terms of y alone. 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\text{x},
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-2\text{x}}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}^\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{-\text{x}}{(1-\text{x}^2)}
Now,
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\text{x}
\Rightarrow\text{x}=\cos\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-\cos\text{y}}{(1-\cos^2\text{y})^\frac{3}{2}}=-\frac{\cos\text{y}}{(\sin^2\text{y})^\frac{3}{2}}=-\cot\text{y}\ \text{cosec}^2\text{y}
Q772. If y = xx, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\text{at x}=\text{e} 3 Marks
Ans: We have, y = xx .....(i)

\log\text{y}=\log\text{x}^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\log\text{y}=\text{x}\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})+\log\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)+\log\text{x}(1)
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{y}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1+\log\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}(1+\log\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^\text{x}(1+\log\text{x})
Putting x = e, we get,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^\text{e}(1+\log_\text{e}\text{e})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^\text{e}(1+1)\big[\because\log_\text{e}\text{e}=1\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{e}^\text{e}
\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)+\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big),\text{x}\in\text{R}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)+\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)
\Big[\text{Since},\sec^{-1}\text{x}=\cos^{-1}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)\Big]
\Rightarrow \text{y}=\frac{\pi}{2}\Big[\text{Since}, \sin^{-1}\text{x}+\cos^{-1}\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
Q774. If ex+y - x = 0, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1-\text{x}}{\text{x}} 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
ex+y - x = 0
ex+y = x .....(i)
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
\text{e}^{\text{x}+\text{y}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}+\text{y})=1
\text{x}\Big[1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]=1
[Using euqation (i)]
1+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}-1
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1-\text{x}}{\text{x}}
(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}
Ans: Let \text{y}=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}

\Rightarrow\ \log\text{y}=\log(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}=\cos\text{x}\log(\sin\text{x})
Differentiate both sides w.r.t.x, we get
\Rightarrow\ \frac{1}{\text{y}}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=\cos\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x }\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})
=\cos\text{x}\cdot\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\cdot\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+\log\sin\text{x}\cdot(-\sin\text{x})
=\cos\text{x}\cdot\cos\text{x}-\log(\sin\text{x})\cdot\sin\text{x}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{y}\big[\cot\text{x}\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\cdot\log(\sin\text{x})\big]
=(\sin\text{x})^{\cos\text{x}}\big[\cot\text{x}\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}\cdot\log(\sin\text{x})\big]
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}3\text{x}-8,&\text{if x}\leq5\\2\text{k},&\text{if x}>5\end{cases} at x = 5.
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}3\text{x}-8,&\text{if x}\leq5\\2\text{k},&\text{if x}>5\end{cases} at x = 5.
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 5.
Now, \text{L.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow5^-}(3\text{x}-8)=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}[(5-\text{h})-8]
=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\ [15-3\text{h}-8]=7
\text{R.H.L}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow5^+}2\text{k}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}2\text{k}=2\text{x}=7 [\because\ \text{L.H.L}=\text{R.H.L}]
And f(5) = 3 × 5 - 8 = 7
2\text{k}=7\Rightarrow\ \text{k}=\frac{7}{2}
Q777. If \text{y}=\text{x}\sin\text{y}, prove that \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin^2\text{y}}{(1-\text{x}\cos\text{y})} 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\text{x}\sin\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\sin\text{y})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{y})+\sin\text{y}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}\cos\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+\sin\text{y}(1)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x}\cos\text{y})=\sin\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin\text{y}}{1-\text{x}\cos\text{y}}
f(x) = 2x2 - 3x + 1 on [1, 3]
Ans: Here,
f(x) = 2x2 - 3x + 1 on [1, 3]
We know that a polynomial function is continuous and differentiable.
So, f(x) is continuous in [1, 3] and f(x) differentiable in (1, 3).
So, Lagrange's mean value theorem is applicable.
\text{f}'(\text{c})=\frac{\text{f}(3)-\text{f}(-1)}{3-1}
\Rightarrow4\text{c}-3=\frac{(2(3)^2-3(3)+1)-(2-3+1)}{3-1}
\Rightarrow4\text{c}-3=\frac{10}{2}
\Rightarrow4\text{c}=5+3
\Rightarrow\text{c}=2\in(1,3)
Q779. If \text{y}=\text{x}+\tan\text{x}, show that \cos^2\text{x}\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-2\text{y}+2\text{x}=0 3 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\text{x}+\tan\text{x},
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1+\sec^2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=0+2\sec^2\times\tan\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{2\sin\text{x}}{\cos^3\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\cos^2\times\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2\tan\text{x}+2\text{x}-2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\cos^2\times\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2(\text{x}+\tan\text{x})-2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\cos^2\times\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=2\text{y}-2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\cos^2\times\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}-2\text{y}+2\text{x}=0
\text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\theta+\theta\sin\theta),\text{y}=\text{a}(\sin\theta-\theta\cos\theta)
Ans: The given equations are \text{x}=\text{a}(\cos\theta+\theta\sin\theta)\text{ and y}=\text{a}(\sin\theta-\theta\cos\theta)

Then, \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}= \text{a}\Big[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}\cos\theta+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\theta\sin\theta)\Big] =\text{a}\Big[-
\sin\theta+\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sin\theta)+\sin\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\theta)\Big]
=\text{a}[-\sin\theta+\theta\cos\theta+\sin\theta]=\text{a}\theta\cos\theta
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\text{a}\Big[\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sin\theta)-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\theta\cos\theta)\Big] =\text{a}\Big[\cos\theta-\Big\
{\theta\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\cos\theta)+\cos\theta.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\theta)\Big\}\Big]
=\text{a}[\cos\theta+\theta\sin\theta-\cos\theta]
=\text{a}\theta\sin\theta
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}=\frac{\text{a}\theta\sin\theta}
{\text{a}\theta\cos\theta}=\tan\theta
Q781. If f(x) is an even function, then write whether f'(x) is even of odd. 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
f(x) is even function, so
f(-x) = f(x)
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{f}(-\text{x}))=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{f}(\text{x}))
\text{f}'(-\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(-\text{x})=\text{f}'\text{(x)}
\text{f}'(-\text{x})\times(-1)=\text{f}'(\text{x})
-\text{f}'(-\text{x})=\text{f}'(\text{x})
\text{f}'(-\text{x})=-\text{f}'(\text{x})
So,
f'(x) is odd function.
Q782. If \text{x}=\text{a}\cos\text{nt}-\text{b}\sin\text{nt} and \frac{\text{d}^2\text{x}}{\text{dt}^2}=\lambda\text{x} then find the value of \lambda. 3 Marks
Ans: we have
\text{x}=\text{a}\cos\text{nt}-\text{b}\sin\text{nt}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=-\text{a}\sin(\text{nt})\times\text{n}-\text{bn}\cos)\text{nt}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}=-\text{an}^2\cos(\text{nt})+\text{bn}^2\sin(\text{nt})
since, \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dt}^2}=\lambda\text{x}
\Rightarrow-\text{an}^2\cos(\text{nt})+\text{bn}^2\sin(\text{nt})=\lambda(\text{a}\cos\text{nt}-\text{b}\sin\text{nt})
\Rightarrow\lambda=\text{n}^2
\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2}+\frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{b}^2}=1
Ans: Given,
\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2}+\frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{b}^2}=1
Differentiating with resepct to x,
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2}+\frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{b}^2}\Big)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{a}^2}\Big)+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{b}^2}\Big)=0
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{a}^2}(2{\text{x}})+\frac{1}{\text{b}^2}(2\text{y})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\frac{2\text{y}}{\text{b}^2}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{2{\text{x}}}{\text{a}^2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\Big(\frac{2{\text{x}}}{\text{a}^2}\Big)\Big(\frac{\text{b}^2}{2\text{y}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{{\text{b}^2\text{x}}}{\text{a}^2\text{y}}
Q784. If \text{y}=\sqrt{\cos\text{x}+\sqrt{\cos\text{x}+\sqrt{\cos\text{x}+\ .... \text{to }\infty}}}, prove that \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1-2\text{y}} 3 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\sqrt{\cos\text{x}+\sqrt{\cos\text{x}+\sqrt{\cos\text{x}+\ .... \text{to }\infty}}}
\text{y}=\sqrt{\cos\text{x}+\text{y}}
Squaring both the sides,
\text{y}^2=\cos\text{x}+\text{y}
2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\sin\text{x}+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{y}-1)=-\sin\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\sin\text{x}}{(2\text{y}-1)}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin\text{x}}{1-2\text{y}}
Q785. If \text{y}=\text{x}+\text{e}^\text{x}, find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{x}}{\text{dy}^2}. 2 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\text{x}+\text{e}^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=1+\text{e}^\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{1+\text{e}^\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-\text{e}^\text{x}}{(1+\text{e}^\text{x})^2}
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dy}}=-\frac{-\text{e}^\text{x}}{(1+\text{e}^\text{x})^3}
Q786. Find \frac{\text{dx}}{{\text{dy}}} in the following: 2 Marks
2\text{x} + 3\text{y} = \sin\text{y}
Ans: The given relationship is 2\text{x} + 3\text{y} = \sin\text{y}

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\text{x}) + \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{y)} =\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}( \sin\text{y})
\Rightarrow 2 + 3\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= \cos\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} [By using chain rule]
\Rightarrow 2 = (\cos\text{y} - 3) \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{ \cos\text{y} - 3}
Q787. If \text{y}=1-\text{x}+\frac{\text{x}^2}{2!}-\frac{\text{x}^3}{3!}+\frac{\text{x}^4}{4!}+...\infty then write \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} in terms of y. 2 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=1-\text{x}+\frac{\text{x}^2}{2!}-\frac{\text{x}^3}{3!}+\frac{\text{x}^4}{4!}+...\infty
Thus
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-1+\frac{2\text{x}}{2!}-\frac{3\text{x}^2}{3!}+\frac{4\text{x}^3}{4!}...\infty
=-1+\text{x}-\frac{\text{x}^2}{2!}+\frac{\text{x}^3}{3!}...\infty
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=1-\frac{2\text{x}}{2!}+\frac{3\text{x}^2}{3!}-\frac{4\text{x}^3}{4!}+...\infty
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=1-\frac{2\text{x}}{2!}+\frac{3\text{x}^2}{3!}-\frac{4\text{x}^3}{4!}+...\infty
=1-\text{x}+\frac{\text{x}^2}{2!}-\frac{\text{x}^3}{3!}+...\infty
=\text{y}
Q788. If \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}},&\text{x}\neq0\\\text{k},&\text{x}=0\end{cases} is continuous at x = 0, write the value of k. 2 Marks
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}},&\text{x}\neq0\\\text{k},&\text{x}=0\end{cases}

\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\text{f(x})=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\text{f(x})\Big(\frac{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big)=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big)=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\text{k}=1 \bigg[\because\ \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\Big(\frac{\sin^{-1}\text{x}}{\text{x}}\Big)=1\bigg]
Q789. If \text{y}=\cot\text{x} show that \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0 2 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\cot\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\text{cosec}^2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-[2\text{cosec}\text{ x}(-\text{cosec}^2\times\cot\text{x})]=-2\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}.\text{y}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
Hence proved.
Q790. Find \frac{\text{dx}}{{\text{dy}}} in the following: 2 Marks
\text{ax} + \text{by}^{2} = \cos\text{y}
Ans: The given relationship is \text{ax} + \text{by}^{2} = \cos\text{y}

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{ax}) + \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{by}^{2}) =\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}( \cos\text{y})
\Rightarrow \text{a + b}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}^{2}) =\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}( \cos\text{y}) ...(\text{i})
Using chain rule, we obtain \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{y}^{2}) = 2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\ \text{and}\ \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}( \cos\text{y}) = -\sin\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}} ...{\text{(ii)}}
Form (i) and (ii), we obtain
\text{a + b}\times 2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = -\sin\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow(2\text{by} + \sin\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = -\text{a}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} =\frac{\text{-a}}{2\text{by} + \sin\text{y}}
Q791. Find the second order derivatives of the function given in Exercise: 2 Marks
\text{x }\cos\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}\cos\text{x}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}(-\sin\text{x})+\cos\text{x}.1=-\text{x}\sin\text{x}+\cos\text{x}
and \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\text{x}\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x}.1-\sin\text{x}=-\text{x}\cos\text{x}-2\sin\text{x}
Q792. If x = at2, y = 2at, then find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}. 2 Marks
Ans: Given,
x = at2 and y = 2at
On differentiating both sides w.r.t.t, we get,
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=2\text{at and}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=2\text{a}
Therefore,
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\text{a}}{2\text{at}}=\frac{1}{\text{t}}
Now, \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)\times\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}
=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)\times\frac{1}{2\text{at}}=-\frac{1}{\text{t}^2}\times\frac{1}{\text{2at}}=-\frac{1}{\text{2at}^3}
Q793. If f(x) = x + 1 then write the value of \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{ fof }\text{(x)}. 2 Marks
Ans: Here,
f(x) = x + 1
(fof)(x) = f(f(x))
= f(x + 1)
= (x + 1) + 1
(fof)(x) = x + 2
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{fof})\text{(x)}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{(x)}+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2)
=1+0
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{(fof)}\text{(x)}=1
\log(\log\text{x})
Ans: Let \text{y}=\log(\log\text{x})

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\log\text{x}}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}=\frac{1}{\text{x}\log\text{x}}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{(\text{x}\log\text{x}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1)-1.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\log\text{x})}{(\text{x}\log\text{x})^2}
=\frac{(\text{x}\log\text{x}).0-1.\Big(\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}.1\Big)}{(\text{x}\log\text{x})^2}
=\frac{0-(1+\log\text{x})}{(\text{x}\log\text{x})}
=-\frac{(1+\log\text{x})}{(\text{x}\log\text{x})^2}
\text{x}=\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)\text{ and y}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta)\text{ at }\theta=\frac{\pi}{1}
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)\text{ and y}=\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta)

\therefore\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}[\text{a}(1-\cos\theta)]=\text{a}(\sin\theta)
and
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}[\text{a}(\theta+\sin\theta)]=\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)
\therefore\Big[\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big]_{\theta=\frac{\pi}{2}}=\bigg[\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}\bigg]_{\theta=\frac{\pi}{2}} \\
=\Big[\frac{\text{a}(1+\cos\theta)}{\text{a}(\sin\theta)}\Big]_{\theta=\frac{\pi}{2}}=\frac{\text{a}(1+0)}{\text{a}}=1
\text{x}=\sin\text{t, y}=\cos2\text{t}
Ans: The given equations are \text{x}=\sin\text{ t and y}=\cos=2\text{t}

Then, \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\sin\text{t)}=\cos\text{t}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(\cos2\text{t})=-\sin2\text{t}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(2\text{t})=-2\sin2\text{t}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}=\frac{-2\sin2\text{t}}{\cos\text{t}}=\frac{-2.2\sin\text{t}\cos\text{t}}
{\cos\text{t}}=-4\sin\text{t}
Q797. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves y2 = m(a2 - x2) by eliminating the arbitrary constants ‘m’ and ‘a’. 2 Marks
Ans: The given equation is \text{y}^2 =\text{m}\big(\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2\big), where m and a are arbitrary constants.
\text{y}^2=\text{m}\big(\text{a}^2-\text{x}^2\big)\ \dots\text{(i)}
Differentiate (i) w.r.t. x,
2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-2 \text{mx}\ \dots(\text{ii})
\Rightarrow -2\text{m}=2\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
Differentiate (ii) w.r.t. x,
2\begin{bmatrix}\text{y}\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2\end{bmatrix}=-2\text{m}\ \dots\text{(iii)}
From (ii)and (iii), we get
2\begin{bmatrix}\text{y}\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2\end{bmatrix}=2\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\text{y}\frac {\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big)^2 -\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
Therefore, the required differential equation is \text{y}\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}+\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\ \Big)^2- \Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)\frac{\text{dy}}
{\text{dx}}=0
\cos^{-1}(\sin\text{ x})
Ans: Let \text{f(x)}=\cos^{-1}(\sin\text{x})

We observe that this function is defined for all real numbers.
\text{f(x)}=\cos^{-1}(\sin\text{x})
=\cos^{-1}\Big[\cos\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}\Big)\Big]=\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}
Thus, \text{f(x)}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\text{x}\Big)=-1
Q799. if f(1) = 4, f'(1) = 2, find the value of the derivative of \log\Big(\text{f}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)\Big) w.r.t x at the point x = 0. 2 Marks
Ans: We have, f(1) = 4 and f'(1) = 2

Let \text{y}=\log\big\{\text{f}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)\big\}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big[\log\big\{\text{f}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)\big\}\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{f}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big\{\text{f}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)\big\}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\text{f}(\text{e}^\text{x})}\times\text{f}'\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}\text{f}'\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)}{\text{f}\big(\text{e}^\text{x}\big)}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{e}^0\text{f}'\big(\text{e}^0\big)}{\text{f}\big(\text{e}^0\big)}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1\text{f}'(1)}{\text{f}(1)}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{4}\big[\because\text{f}'(1)=2\text{ and f}(1)=4\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2}
Q800. If \text{f(x)}=\log_\text{e}(\log_\text{e}\text{x}), then write the value of f'(e). 2 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{f(x)}=\log_\text{e}(\log_\text{e}\text{x})

\text{f}'\text{(x)}=\frac{1}{\log_\text{e}\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log_\text{e}\text{x})
\Rightarrow\text{f}'\text{(x)}=\frac{1}{\log_\text{e}\text{x}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\text{f}'\text{(e)}=\frac{1}{\log_\text{e}\text{e}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{e}}\Big) \big[\because\text{x}=\text{e}\big]
\Rightarrow\text{f}'\text{(e)}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big[\because\log_\text{e}=1\big]
Q801. Examine the continuity of the function f(x) = 2x2 – 1 at x = 3. 2 Marks
Ans: Here
f(x) = 2x2 - 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow{3}}\text{f(x)}=^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow{3}}(2\text{x}^3-1) = 2(3)^2 - 1
= 2(9) - 1 = 18 - 1 = 17
and f(x) = 2(3)2 - 1 = 2(9) - 1 = 18 - 1 = 17
\therefore\ \ \text{Lt}\ \ \ \ \text{f(x)} = \text{f(3)} = 17\\ \ \ \ \ \text{x}\rightarrow3
Q802. Differentiate the following w.r.t.x: \frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}} 2 Marks
Ans: \text{Let}\ \text{y}=\frac{\text{e}^\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}}

\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{e}^{\text{x}})-\text{e}^{\text{x}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})}{\sin^{2}\text{x}}
=\frac{\sin\text{x}.\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}}.\cos\text{x}}{\sin^{2}\text{x}}=\text{e}^{\text{x}}\bigg(\frac{\sin\text{x}-\cos\text{x}}{\sin^{2}\text{x}}\bigg)
\text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}\text{x}+1,&\text{if}\ \text{x}\leq{5}\\3\text{x} - 5,& \text{if}\ \text{x}> 5\end{cases}
\text{at} \text{x} = 5
Ans: Here \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\text{k}\text{x}+1,&\text{if}\ \text{x}\leq{5}\\3\text{x} - 5,& \text{if}\ \text{x}> 5\end{cases}

^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{5}^{-}}\text{f(x)}=^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{5}^{-}}(\text{k}\text{x} + 1) = 5\text{k} + 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{5}^{+}}\text{f(x)}=^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{5}^{+}}({3}\text{x} - 5) = 15 - 5 = 10
Since f is continuous at x = 1
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{5}^{-}}\text{f(x)}=^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{5}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
\therefore 5 \text{k} + 1 = 10 \Rightarrow 5\text{k} = 9 \Rightarrow\text{k} = \frac{9}{5}
\text{f}(\text{x})=2\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+3\text{ on }[1,3]
Ans: The given function \text{f}(\text{x})=2\text{x}^2-5\text{x}+3\text{ on }[1,3].

The domain of f is given to be (1, 3).
It is a polynomial function.
Thus, it is everywhere derivable and hence continuous.
But
f(1) = 0 and f(3) = 6
\Rightarrow\text{f}(3)\neq\text{f}(1)
Hence, Rolle's theorem is not applicable for the given function.
Q805. If \text{x}=\text{t}^2 and \text{y}=\text{t}^3 then find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} 2 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{x}=\text{t}^2\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{t}^3
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=2\text{t}\ \text{and}\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}^2}=3\text{t}^2
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{3\text{t}}{2}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{3}{2}\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{3}{4\text{t}}
Q806. If \frac{\pi}{2}\leq\text{x}\leq\frac{3\pi}{2} and \text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\text{x}), find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 2 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\text{x}),\text{x}\in\Big[\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{3\pi}{1}\Big]
\Big[\text{Since},\sin^{-1}(\sin\text{x})=\text{x},\text{if x}\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\text{y}=\pi-\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\pi-\text{x})
0-1
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-1
Q807. If |x| < 1 and \text{y}=1+\text{x}+\text{x}^2+\ .....\ \text{to}\ \infty, then find the value of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 2 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=1+\text{x}+\text{x}^2+\ .....\ \text{to}\ \infty,

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{1}{1-\text{x}}
[\because It is a G.P with first term 1 and common ration x]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\frac{1}{1-\text{x}}\Big)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{(1-\text{x})^2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1-\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{(1-\text{x})^2}(-1)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{1}{(1-\text{x})^2}
Q808. If \text{x}=2\text{ at},\text{y}=\text{at}^2, where a is a constant, then find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\text{ at}\text{ x}=\frac{1}{2}. 2 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{x}=2\text{at}\ \text{and}\ \text{y}=\text{at}^2
Differentiating w.r.t.t, we get
\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=2\text{a}\ \text{and}\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=2\text{at}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\text{at}}{2\text{a}}=\text{t}
Differentiating w.r.t.t, we get
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=1\times\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{2\text{a}}
Now \Big[\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}\Big]_{\text{x}=\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{2\text{a}}
\sin^{2}\text{x}+\cos^{2}\text{y}=1
Ans: The given relationship is \sin^{2}\text{x}+\cos^{2}\text{y}=1

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^{2}\text{x}+\cos^{2}\text{y})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(1)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^{2}\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos^{2}\text{y})=0
\Rightarrow 2\sin\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+2\cos\text{y}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{y})=0
\Rightarrow2\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}+2\cos\text{y}(-\sin\text{y}).\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\sin2\text{x}-\sin2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\sin2\text{x}}{\sin2\text{y}}
\sin(\text{ax + b})
Ans: \text{Let y} = \sin(\text{ax + b})

\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \cos(\text{ax + b})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{(ax + b)}
= \cos(\text{ax + b)}\text{(a + 0)} = \text{a}\cos\text{(ax + b)}
Q811. Find the value of =\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} at \theta=\frac{\pi}{3}, if \text{x}=\cos\theta-\cos2\theta,\ \text{y}=\sin\theta-\sin2\theta. 2 Marks
Ans: \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\sin\theta+2\sin\ 2\theta

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\cos\theta-2\cos2\theta
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\cos\theta-2\cos2\theta}{-\sin\theta+2\sin2\theta}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big|_{\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}}=\sqrt{3}
Q812. If \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big), find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 2 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^2}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)
\Big[\text{Since},\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\cos^{-1}=\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
So,
\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{2}
Q813. If \text{x}=\text{f}(\text{t}) and \text{y}=\text{g}(\text{t}), then write the value of \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}. 2 Marks
Ans: We are given

\text{x}=\text{f}(\text{t})
\text{Y}=\text{g}(\text{t})
Then \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\times\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{g}'(\text{t})}{\text{f}'(\text{t})}
\therefore\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\frac{\text{f}'(\text{t})\text{g}'\text({t})-\text{g}'(\text{t})\text{f}''\text({t})}{[\text{f}'(\text{t})]^3}
Q814. Is every continuous function differentiable? 2 Marks
Ans: No, function may be continuous at a point but may not be differentiable at that point .
For example: function f(x) = |x| is continuous at x = 0 but it is not differentiable at x = 0.
Q815. For what value of \lambda is the function defined by 2 Marks
\text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\lambda(\text{x}^{2} - 2\text{x}), \text{if}\ \text{x} \leq0\\ \text{4x} + 1,\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x} > 0\end{cases}
Ans: \text{f(x)}= \begin{cases}\lambda(\text{x}^{2} - 2\text{x}), \text{if}\ \text{x} \leq0\\ \text{4x} + 1,\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ \text{x} > 0\end{cases}
At x = 0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{-}}\lambda(\text{x}^{2} - \text{2x}) = \lambda(0 - 0) = 0
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}(4\text{x} + 1) = 4(0) + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1
\therefore \ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{f(x)} \neq ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{0}^{+}}\text{f(x })
At x = 1
^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}}\text{f(x)} = ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{1}}(4\text{x} + 1) = 4 + 1 = 5
Also f(1) = 4 + 1 = 5
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{Lt}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{c}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(1)}
\therefore f is continuous at x = 1 whatever value of \lambda be.
Q816. 12 cards numbered 1 to 12 (one number on one card), are placed in a box and mixed up thoroughly. Then a card is drawn at random from the box. If it is known that the number on the 2 Marks
drawn card is greater than 5, find the probability that the card bears an odd number.
Ans: A: card bears odd number

B: Number on the card is greater than 5
\text{A}\cap \text{B}\text{ {7, 9, 1}}
\text{P}\Big(\frac{\text{A}}{\text{B}}\Big)=\frac{\text{P}(\text{A}\cap\text{B})}{\text{P}(\text{B})}=\frac{\frac{3}{12}}{\frac{7}{2}}=\frac{3}{7}
Q817. If \text{A}=\begin{bmatrix}-3& 6\\-2&4\end{bmatrix} then show that A3 = A. 2 Marks
Ans: \text{A}^2=\begin{bmatrix}-3&6\\-2&4\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}-3&6\\-2&4\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-3&6\\-2&4\end{bmatrix}=\text{A}
\Rightarrow\text{A}^3=\text{A}^2.\text{A}=\text{A}.\text{A}=\text{A}^2=\text{A}
Q818. Find: \int\limits_\text{a}^\text{b}\frac{\log\text{x}}{\text{x}}\text{dx} 2 Marks
Ans: Put \log\text{x}=\text{t}

\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{x}}\text{dx}=\text{dt}
Where a and b are loga and logb
\therefore\text{I}=\int\limits^{\log\text{b}}_{\log\text{a}}\text{t}\text{dt}
=\Big[\frac{\text{t}^2}{2}\Big]^{\log\text{b}}_{\log\text{a}}
=\frac{1}{2}\Big[(\log\text{b})^2-(\log\text{a})^2\big]
\text{x}=4\text{t, y}=\frac{4}{\text{t}}
Ans: The given equations are \text{x}=4\text{t, and y}=\frac{4}{\text{t}}

\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}(4\text{t)}=4
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\frac{4}{\text{t}}\Big)=4.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dt}}\Big(\frac{1}{\text{t}}\Big)=4.\Big(\frac{-1}{\text{t}^2}\Big)=\frac{-4}{\text{t}^2}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}\Big)}=\frac{\Big(\frac{-4}{\text{t}^2}\Big)}{4}=\frac{-1}{\text{t}^2}
Q820. If \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{\text{x}^2},&\text{x}\neq0\\\text{k},&\text{x}=0\end{cases} is continuous at x = 0, find k. 2 Marks
Ans: Since f(x) is continuous at x = 0,

\text{f}(0)=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\text{f(x})
\Rightarrow\text{k}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{\text{x}^2}
\Rightarrow\text{k}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\frac{2\sin^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{\text{x}^2}
Q821. Write the points of non-differentiability of f(x) = |log |x||. 2 Marks
Ans: Here,
f(x) = |log |x||
f(x) will always positive and let two points x = 1 and x = -1
f(x) = 0
The function f(x) = |log |x|| is not differentiable at x = -1 and 1.
Q822. If \text{y}=\mid\log_\text{e}\text{x}\mid find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} 2 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{y}=\mid\log_\text{e}\text{x}\mid
=\begin{cases}-\log_\text{e}\text{x}&\text{if}&0<\text{x}< 1\\\log_\text{e}\text{x}&\text{if}&\text{x}>1\end{cases}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\begin{cases}\frac{-1}{\text{x}}&\text{if}&0<\text{x}<1\\\frac{1}{\text{x}}&\text{if}&\text{x}>1\end{cases}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}&\text{if}&0<\text{x}<1\\\frac{-1}{\text{x}^2}&\text{if}&\text{x}>1 \end{cases}
\text{x}=\text{a}\cos\theta,\text{y}=\text{b}\cos\theta
Ans: The given equations are \text{x}=\text{a}\cos\theta\text{ and y}=\text{b}\cos\theta

Then, \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\text{a}\cos\theta)=\text{a}(-\sin\theta)=-\text{a}\sin\theta
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\text{b}\cos\theta)=\text{b}(-\sin\theta)=-\text{b}\sin\theta
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}=\frac{-\text{b}\sin\theta}{-\text{a}\sin\theta}=\frac{\text{b}}
{\text{a}}
\text{x}^3\log\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{x}^3\log\text{x}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{x}^3.\frac{1}{\text{x}}+\log\text{x}.3\text{x}^2=\text{x}^2+3\text{x}^2\log\text{x}=\text{x}^2(1+3\log\text{x})
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{x}^2.\frac{3}{\text{x}}+(1+3\log\text{x}).2\text{x}
=3\text{x}+2\text{x}(1+3\log\text{x})=\text{x}[3+2(1+3\log\text{x})]
=\text{x}[3+2+6\log\text{x}]=\text{x}(5+6\log\text{xz})
Q825. \text{If y}=\text{sin}^{-1}(6\text{x}\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}), -\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}},\text{then find}\frac{\text{dy}}{dx} 2 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=\text{sin}^{-1}(6\text{x}\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}),-\frac{1}{3\sqrt2}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{3\sqrt2}
\text{put 3x}=\text{sin}\ \theta
\Rightarrow\theta=\text{sin}^{-1}3\text{x}
\text{y}=\text{sin}^{-1}(\text{sin}\ 2\theta)
=2\theta
=2\ \text{sin}^{-1}3\text{x}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{6}{\sqrt{1-9\text{x}^2}}
Q826. If \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-16}{\text{x}-4},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq4\\\text{k},&\text{if }\text{ x}=4\end{cases} is continuous at x = 4, find k. 2 Marks
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\text{x}^2-16}{\text{x}-4},&\text{if }\text{ x}\neq4\\\text{k},&\text{if }\text{ x}=4\end{cases}

\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow4}\text{f(x})=\text{f(4)}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow4}\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2-16}{\text{x}-4}\Big)=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow4}\frac{(\text{x}+4)(\text{x}-4)}{(\text{x}-4)}=\text{k}
\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow4}(\text{x}+4)=\text{k}
Q827. Find the derivative of \text{x}^{\log\text{x}} w.r.t. \log\text{x}. 2 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\text{x}^{\log\text{x}} and \text{v}=\log\text{x}

Now, \log\text{u}=(\log\text{x})^2
\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\text{u}}\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=2\log\text{x}.\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2\log\text{x}}{\text{x}}\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}
Again \text{v}=\log\text{x}\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}\frac{1}{\text{x}}
\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=2\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}\log\text{x}
Q828. For what value of \lambda is the function \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\lambda(\text{x}^2-2\text{x}),&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq0\\4\text{x}+1,&\text{if }\text{ x}>0\end{cases} continuous at x = 0? 2 Marks
What about continuity at \text{x}=\pm1?
Ans: The given function f is \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\lambda(\text{x}^2-2\text{x}),&\text{if }\text{ x}\leq0\\4\text{x}+1,&\text{if }\text{ x}>0\end{cases}

If f is continuous at x = 0, then
\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(0)
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^-}\lambda(\text{x}^2-2\text{x})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow0^+}(4\text{x}+1)=\lambda(0^2-2\times0)
\Rightarrow\lambda(0^2-2\times0)=4\times0+1=0
\Rightarrow0=1=0 which is not possible
Therefore, there is no value of \lambda for which f(x) is continuous at x = 0
At x = 1
\Rightarrow\text{f}(1)=4\text{x}+1=4\times1+1=5
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}(4\text{x}+1)=4\times1+1=5
\therefore\ \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow1}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(1)
Therefore, for any value of \lambda, f is continuous at x = 1
At x = -1 we have,
\Rightarrow\text{f}(-1)=\lambda(1+2)=3\lambda
\Rightarrow\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow-1}\lambda(1+2)=3\lambda
\therefore\ \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow-1}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(-1)
Therefore, for any values of \lambda, f is continuous at x = -1
Q829. Show that the function f defined by f(x) = (x – 1) ex + 1 is an increasing function for all x > 0. 2 Marks
Ans: \text{f(x)}=(\text{x}-1)\text{e}^{\text{x}}+1
\text{f}'\text{(x)}=(\text{x}-1)\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\text{x}}
=\text{x}\text{e}^{\text{x}}-\text{e}^{\text{x}}+\text{e}^{\text{x}}
=\text{x}\text{e}^{\text{x}}
Given: x > 0
We know,
=\text{e}^{\text{x}}>0
\Rightarrow\text{x}\text{e}^{\text{x}}>0
={\text{f}'\text{(x)}}>0,\forall{\text{x}}>0
So, f(x) is increasing on for all x > 0.
by expanding the product to obtain a single polynomial.
Ans: y = (x2 - 5x + 8) (x3 + 7x + 9)

\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\text{x}^5+7\text{x}^3+9\text{x}^2-5\text{x}^4-35\text{x}^2-45\text{x}+8\text{x}^3+56\text{x}+72
\Rightarrow\ \text{y}=\text{x}^5-5\text{x}^4+15\text{x}^3-26\text{x}^2+11\text{x}+72
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=5\text{x}^4-20\text{x}^3+45\text{x}^2-52\text{x}+11\ \dots\text{(iii)}
\cos(\sqrt{\text{x})}
Ans: \text{Let y} =\cos(\sqrt{\text{x})}

\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= -\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{\text{x}} = -\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}.\frac{1}{2}(\text{x})^{\frac{-1}{2}}=\frac{-\sin\sqrt{\text{x}}}
{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}
(3\text{x}^2-9\text{x}+5)^9
Ans: Let \text{y}=(3\text{x}^2-9\text{x}+5)^9

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x}^2-9\text{x}+5)^9
=9(3\text{x}^2-9\text{x}+5)^8.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(3\text{x}^2-9\text{x}+5)
=9(3\text{x}^2-9\text{x}+5)^8.(6\text{x}-9)
=9(3\text{x}^2-9\text{x}+5)^8.3(2\text{x}-3)
=27(3\text{x}^2-9\text{x}+5)^8.3(2\text{x}-3)
\log(\sin\text{x})
Ans: We have,
\text{y}=\log(\sin\text{x})
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sin\text{x}}\times\cos\text{x}=\cot\text{x}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=-\text{cosec}^2\text{x}
Q834. If \text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\text{x}),-\frac{\pi}{2}\leq\text{x}\leq\frac{\pi}{2}. Then, wrrite tha value of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\text{ for x}\in\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big). 2 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\sin\text{x})

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{x}
\Big[\because\sin^{-1}(\sin\text{x})=\text{x},\text{ if x}\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})
Q835. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function \text{f(x)}=\text{x}^2+2\text{x}-8,\text{x}\in[-4,2]. 2 Marks
Ans: Consider \text{f(x)}=\text{x}^2+2\text{x}-8,\text{x}\in[-4,\ 2]

Function is continuous in [-4,2] as it is a polynomial function and polynomial function is always continuous.
\text{f}'\text{(x)}=2\text{x}+2, \text{f}'\text{(x)} exists in [-4, 2], hence derivable.
\text{f}(-4)=0\text{ and f }(2)=0
\therefore\ \text{f}(-4)=\text{f}(2)
Conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied, hence there exists, at least one \text{c}\in(-4,2) such that \text{f}'\text{(c)}=0
\Rightarrow\ 2\text{c}+2=0\ \Rightarrow\ \text{c}=-1
Q836. If P(not A) = 0.7, P(B) = 0.7 and \text{P}\Big(\frac{\text{B}}{\text{A}}\Big)=0.5, then find \text{P}\Big(\frac{\text{A}}{\text{B}}\Big). 2 Marks
Ans: \text{P}(\bar{\text{A}})=0.7
\Rightarrow1-\text{P(A)}=0.7
\Rightarrow\text{P(A)}=0.3
\text{P}(\text{A}\cap\text{B})=\text{P(A)}\cdot\text{P}\Big(\frac{\text{B}}{\text{A}}\Big)
\text{P}(\text{A}\cap\text{B})=0.3\times0.5
\text{P}(\text{A}\cap\text{B})=0.15
\text{P}\Big(\frac{\text{A}}{\text{B}}\Big)=\frac{\text{P}(\text{A}\cap\text{B})}{\text{P(B)}}
\text{P}\Big(\frac{\text{A}}{\text{B}}\Big)=\frac{0.15}{0.7}
\text{P}\Big(\frac{\text{A}}{\text{B}}\Big)=\frac{15}{70}\text{ or }\frac{3}{14}
\text{x}=\text{a}\cos\theta and \text{y}=\text{b}\sin\theta
Ans: We have, \text{x}=\text{a}\cos \theta and \text{y}=\text{b}\cos\theta

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=-\text{a}\sin\theta and \frac{\text{dy}}{d\theta}=\text{b}\cos\theta
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{{\text{d}}\theta}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{\text{b}\cos\theta}{-\text{a}\sin\theta}=\frac{-\text{b}}
{\text{a}}\cot\theta
Q838. Find the differential of \sin^2\text{x} w.r.t. \text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}. 2 Marks
Ans: Let \text{u}=\sin^2\text{x} and \text{v}= \text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}

we need to differentiate u w.r.t. v.
i.e, \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}},\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}},\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dv}}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}
Calcutating \frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}
\text{u}=\sin^2\text{x}
Differentiating w.r.t. x.
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}(\sin^2\text{x})}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=2\sin\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}(\sin\text{x})}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=2\sin\text{x}.\cos\text{x}
Calcutating \frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}
\text{v}=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}
Differentiating w.r.t. x.
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}.\frac{\text{d}(\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}})}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}.(-\sin\text{x})
\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=-\sin\text{x}.\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}
Therefore
\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}
=\frac{2\sin\text{x}.\cos\text{x}}{-\sin\text{x}.\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}}
\frac{-2.\cos\text{x}}{\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}} or -2\cos\text{x}\text{e}^{-\cos\text{x}}
\cos(\sin \text{x})
Ans: \text{Let y} = \cos(\sin\text{x})

\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = -\sin(\sin\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin\text{x} = -\sin(\sin\text{x})\cos\text{x}
Q840. If \text{f}(\text{x})=\sqrt{\text{tan}\sqrt{\text{x}}}, then find \text{f}'\Big(\frac{\pi^2}{16}\Big). 2 Marks
Ans: Given, \text{f}'(\text{x})=\sqrt{\tan\sqrt{\text{x}}}

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{f}.(\text{x})=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{\tan\sqrt{\text{x}}}
\text{f}'(\text{x})-\frac{1}{2}(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})^{{\frac{-1}{2}}},
\frac{1}{2}(\text{x)}^{\frac{-1}{2}},\sec^2\sqrt{\text{x}}
\text{f}'(\text{x})=\frac{\sec^2\sqrt{\text{x}}}{4\sqrt{\text{x}}\sqrt{\tan\sqrt{\text{x}}}}
Now, put (\text{x})=\frac{\pi^2}{16}
\text{f}'\Big(\frac{\pi^2}{16}\Big)=\frac{\sec^2}{\sqrt[4]{{\frac{\pi^2}{16}}}}.\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\pi^2}{16}}}{\tan\sqrt{\frac{\pi^2}{16}}}
\text{f}'\Big(\frac{\pi^2}{16}\Big)=\frac{\sec^2}{4\times\frac{\pi}{4}}. \frac{\frac{\pi}{4}}{\sqrt{\tan\frac{\pi}{4}}}
=\frac{2}{\pi\times1}
=\frac{2}{\pi}
Q841. Find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}, where \text{y}=\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{e}^2}\Big) 2 Marks
Ans: Here
\text{y}=\log\Big(\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{e}^2}\Big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\frac{\text{x}^2}{\text{e}^2}}\times\frac{2\text{x}}{\text{e}^2}=\frac{2}{\text{x}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-2}{\text{x}^2}
\sin(\text{x}^{2} + 5)
Ans: \text{Let y} = \sin(\text{x}^{2} + 5)

\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \cos(\text{x}^{2} + 5)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^{2} + 5) = \cos (\text{x}^{2} + 5)(2\text{x} + 0) = 2\text{x}\cos(\text{x}^{2} +5)
Q843. Verify Mean Value Theorem, if f(x) = x2 - 4x - 3 in the interval [a, b], where a = 1 and b = 4. 2 Marks
Ans: Function is continuous in [1, 4] as it is a polynomial function and polynomial function is always continuous. f'(x) = 2x - 4, f'(x) exists in [1, 4], hence derivable. Conditions of MVT theorem
are satisfied, hence there exists, at least one \text{c}\in(1,\ 4) such that.
\frac{\text{f}(4)-\text{(f)}(1)}{4-1}=\text{f}'\text{(c)}\ \Rightarrow\ \frac{-3-(-6)}{3}=2\text{c}-4
\Rightarrow\ 1=2\text{c}-4\ \Rightarrow\ \text{c}=\frac{5}{2}
Q844. Differentiate the following w.r.t.x: \frac{\cos\text{x}}{\log\text{x}},\text{x}>0 2 Marks
Ans: \text{Let y}=\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\log\text{x}}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} =\frac{(\log\text{x}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})-\cos\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\log\text{x})}{(\log\text{x})^{2}}
=\frac{(\log\text{x}).(-\sin\text{x})-\cos\text{x}\cdot\frac{\text{1}}{\text{x}}}{(\log\text{x})^{2}}=\frac{-\sin\text{x}\log\text{x}-\frac{\cos\text{x}}{\text{x}}}{(\log\text{x}^{2})}
=\frac{-\text{x}\sin\text{x}\ \log\text{x}-\cos\text{x}}{\text{x}(\log\text{x})^2}
Q845. If \text{x}=\text{a}\cos\theta;\text{y}=\text{b}\sin\theta, then find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}. 2 Marks
Ans: \text{x}=\text{a}\cos\theta\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=-\text{a}\sin\theta
\text{y}=\text{b}\sin\theta\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{b}\cos\theta
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}}=\frac{\text{b}\cos\theta}{-\text{a}\sin\theta}
\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}.\cot\theta
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\frac{-\text{b}}{\text{a}}(\text{cosec}^2\theta).\frac{\text{d}\theta}{\text{dx}}
\frac{\text{b}}{\text{a}}.\text{cosec}^2\theta.\frac{-1}{\text{a}\sin\theta}=\frac{-\text{b}}{\text{a}^2}\text{cosec}^2\theta
\text{e}^\text{x}\sin5\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{e}^\text{x}\sin5\text{x}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{e}^\text{x}\sin\text{x}+5\text{e}^\text{x}\cos5\text{x}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\text{e}^\text{x}\sin5\text{x}+5\text{e}^\text{x}\cos5\text{x}+5\text{e}^\text{x}\cos5\text {x}-25\text{ e}^\text{x}\sin5\text{x}
=10\text{e}^\text{x}\cos5\text{x}-24\text{e}^\text{x}\sin5\text{x}=2\text{e}^\text{x}(5\cos5\text{x}-12\sin5\text{x})
\text{xy} + \text{y}^{2} = \tan\text{x + y}
Ans: The given relationship is \text{xy} + \text{y}^{2} = \tan\text{x + y}

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy} + \text{y}^{2}) = \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x} + \text{y})
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{(y}^{2}) = \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\text{x})+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}
\Rightarrow \Big[\text{y}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big] +2\text{y} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sec^{2}\text{x}+\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\ \
[\text{Using product rule and chain rule]}
\Rightarrow(\text{x}+2\text{y}-1)\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\sec^{2}\text{x}-\text{y}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= \frac{\sec^{2}\text{x}-\text{y}}{(\text{x} + 2\text{y}-1)}
x = at2 and y = 2at
Ans: We have x = at2 and y = 2 at

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{at}\text{ and }\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{a}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}}}{\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}}}=\frac{2\text{a}}{2\text{at}}=\frac{1}{\text{t}}
Q849. Determine whether \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}^2}{\text{x}},&\text{x}\neq0\\0,&\text{x}=0\end{cases} is continuous at x = 0 or not. 2 Marks
Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{\sin\text{x}^2}{\text{x}},&\text{x}\neq0\\0,&\text{x}=0\end{cases}

We have
\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\text{f(x})=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin\text{x}^2}{\text{x}}
=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\frac{\text{x}\sin\text{x}^2}{\text{x}^2}
=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin\text{x}^2}{\text{x}^2}\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\text{x}
=1\times0
=0
=\text{f}(0)
\therefore\ \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow0}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(0)
Q850. If \pi\leq\text{x}\leq3\pi and \text{y}=\cos^{-1}(\cos\text{x}), find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 2 Marks
Ans: We have,
\text{y}=\cos^{-1}(\cos\text{x})
\Rightarrow\text{y}=2\pi-\text{x}
\big[\because\cos^{-1}(\cos\text{x})=2\pi-\text{x},\text{if x}\in[\pi,2{\pi}]\big]
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(2\pi-\text{x})
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0-1
Q851. If \text{f}'\text{(x)}=\sqrt{2\text{x}^2-1} and \text{y}=\text{f}(\text{x}^2), then find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\text{at x}=1. 2 Marks
Ans: Here,
\text{f}'\text{(x)}=\sqrt{2\text{x}^2-1}
and \text{y}=\text{f}\big(\text{x}^2\big)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{f}\big(\text{x}^2\big)
=\text{f}'\big(\text{x}^2\big)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\big(\text{x}^2\big)
=\text{d}'\big(\text{x}^2\big)\times2\text{x}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{xf}'\big(\text{x}^2\big)
Put x = 1
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2(1)\text{f}'(1)
=2\times\text{f}'(1)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=2\times1
\big[\text{Since},\text{f}'(1)=\sqrt{2(1)^2-1}=\sqrt{2-1}=1\big]
\text{e}^{6\text{x}}\cos3\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\text{e}^{6\text{x}}\cos3\text{x}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=6\text{e}^{6\text{x}}\cos3\text{x}-3\text{e}^{6\text{x}}\sin3\text{x}
\therefore\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=36\text{e}^{6\text{x}}\cos3\text{x}-18\text{e}^{6\text{x}}\sin3\text{x}-18\text{e}^{6\text{x}}\sin3\text
{x}-9\text{e}^{6\text{x}}\cos3\text{x}
=27\text{e}^{6\text{x}}\cos3\text{x}-36\text{e}^{6\text{x}}\sin3\text{x}=9\text{e}^{6\text{x}}(3\cos\text{x}-4\sin3\text{x})
Q853. Show that the vectors \hat{\text{i}}-2\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}},\ -2\hat{\text{i}}+3\hat{\text{j}}-4\hat{\text{k}} and \hat{\text{i}}-3\hat{\text{j}}+5\hat{\text{k}} are coplanar. 2 Marks
Ans: Let \vec{\text{a}}=\hat{\text{i}} -2\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{ \text{k}},

\vec{\text{b}} =-2\hat{\text{i}} +3\hat{\text{j}}- 4\hat{\text{k}}
\vec{\text{c}}=\hat{\text{i}}-3\hat{\text{j}}+5\hat{\text{k}}
\Big[\vec{\text{a}}\ \vec{\text{b}}\ \vec{\text{c}}\Big]= \begin{vmatrix}1& -2& 3\\-2& 3& -4\\1& -3 &5\end{vmatrix}
=1(15-12)+2(-10+4)+3(6-3)
=3-12+9
=0
Therefore, \vec{\text{a}},\ \vec{\text{b}},\ \vec{\text{c}} are coplanar.
Hence proved.
Q854. If an operation * on the set of integers Z is defined by a * b = 2a2 + b, then find (i) whether it is a binary or not, and (ii) if a binary, then is it commutative or not. 2 Marks
Ans: 1. \forall\text{A},\ \text{b}\in \text{z},\ \text{a}*\text{b}=\text{2a}^2+\text{b}\in\text{Z} \therefore*\ is binnary

2. 1,\ 2 \in \text{Z},\ 1*2=2\times1^2+2=4
2*1=2\times(2)^2+1=9
1*2\not =2*1
\therefore* is not commutative.
Q855. Differentiate x2 with respect to x3. 2 Marks
Ans: Let u = x2 and v = x3

\Rightarrow\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=2\text{x and }\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=3\text{x}^2
\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\frac{2\text{x}}{3\text{x}^2}=\frac{2}{3\text{x}}
Q856. Differentiate the following w.r.t.x: \log(\cos\text{e}^{\text{x}}) 2 Marks
Ans: \text{Let}\ \text{y}=\log(\cos\text{e}^{\text{x}})

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\cos\text{e}^{\text{x}}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{e}^\text{x})\ \ \bigg[\because\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\log\text{f(x)}=\frac{1}
{\text{f(x)}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{f(x)}\bigg]
=\frac{1}{\cos\text{e}^{\text{x}}}(-\sin\text{e}^\text{x})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{e}^\text{x}= \bigg[\because\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\text{f(x)}=-\sin\text{f(x)}\frac{\text{d}}
{\text{dx}}\text{f(x)}\bigg]
=-(\tan\text{e}^\text{x})\text{e}^\text{x}=-\text{e}^\text{x}(\tan\text{e}^\text{x})
\sec(\tan(\sqrt{\text{x}}))
Ans: \text{Let y} = \sec(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})

\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \sec(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})\tan(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})
= \sec(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})\tan(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})\sec^{2}\sqrt{\text x}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sqrt{\text{x}}
= \sec(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})\tan(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})\sec^{2}\sqrt{\text x}.\frac{1}{2}\text{x}^{\frac{1}{2}-1}
= \sec(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})\tan(\tan\sqrt{\text{x}})\sec^{2}\sqrt{\text x}.\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\text{x}}}
\text{x}=\cos\theta-\cos2\theta,\text{y}=\sin\theta-\sin2\theta
Ans: The given equations are \text{x}=\cos\theta-\cos2\theta\text{ and y}=\sin\theta-\sin2\theta

Then, \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\cos\theta-\cos2\theta)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\cos\theta)-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\cos2\theta)
=-\sin\theta-(-2\sin2\theta)=2\sin2\theta-\sin\theta
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sin-\sin2\theta)=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sin\theta)-\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\theta}(\sin2\theta)
=\cos\theta-2\cos2\theta
\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\Big(\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}{\Big(\frac{\text{dx}}{\text{d}\theta}\Big)}=\frac{\cos\theta-2\cos2\theta}{2\sin2\theta-\sin\theta}
\sin^3\text{x}+\cos^6\text{x}
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^3\text{x}+\cos^6\text{x}

\therefore\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin^3\text{x})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos^6\text{x})
=3\sin^2\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\sin\text{x})+6\cos^5\text{x}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\cos\text{x})
=3\sin^2\text{x}.\cos\text{x}+6\cos^5\text{x}.(-\sin\text{x})
=3\sin\text{x}\cos\text{x}(\sin\text{x}-2\cos^4\text{x})
Q860. Define differentiability of a function at a point. 2 Marks
Ans: Let f(x) be a real valued function defined on an open interval (a, b) and let \text{c}\in(\text{a, b}).
Then f(x) is said to be differentiable or derivable at x = c iff \lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f(c)}}{\text{x}-\text{c}} exists finitely.
or, \text{f}'(\text{c})=\lim_\limits{\text{x}\rightarrow{\text{c}}}\frac{\text{f(x)}-\text{f(c)}}{\text{x}-\text{c}}.
Q861. If \text{y}=\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+1}{\text{x}-1}\Big)+\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}\Big), then write the value of \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 2 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+1}{\text{x}-1}\Big)+\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}\Big)

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}\Big)+\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}-1}{\text{x}+1}\Big)
\Big[\because\sec^{-1}\text{x}=\cos^{-1}\big(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\big)\Big]
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{2}\Big[\because\sin^{-1}\text{x}+\cos^{-1}\text{x}=\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]
\cos(\text{a}\cos\text{x}+\text{b}\sin\text{x}),\ for some constant a and b.
Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos(\text{a}\cos\text{x}+\text{b}\sin\text{x})

By using chain rule, we obtain
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos(\text{a}\cos\text{x}+\text{b}\sin\text{x})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\sin(\text{a}\cos\text{x}+\text{b}\sin\text{x}).\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{a}\cos\text{x}+\text{b}\sin\text{x})
=-\sin(\text{a}\cos\text{x}+\text{b}\sin\text{x}).[\text{a}(-\sin\text{x})+\text{b}\cos\text{x}]
(\text{a}\sin\text{x}-\text{b}\cos\text{x})-\sin(\text{a}\cos\text{x}+\text{b}\sin\text{x})
Q863. If \text{y}^2\cos\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\bigg)=\text{a}^2, then find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 2 Marks
Ans: \text{y}^2\cos\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\bigg)=\text{a}^2
\text{y}^2\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\cos\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\bigg)+\cos\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\bigg)\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{y}^2=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{a}^2
-\text{y}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\bigg)+\frac{\cos}{\text{x}}2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\text{y}^2\sin\frac{1}{\text{x}}\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{x}^2}\bigg)+2\text{y}.\cos\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
2\text{y}.\cos\frac{1}{\text{x}}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{y}^2}{\text{x}^2}\sin\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\bigg)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-\text{y}^2\sin\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\bigg)}{2\text{y}\text{x}^2\cos\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\bigg)}
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-\frac{\text{y}^2}{2\text{x}^2}\tan\bigg(\frac{1}{\text{x}}\bigg)
\text{f(x)} = \sin \text{x} + \cos \text{x}
Ans: Let a be an arbitrary real number then ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{+}}\text{f(x)} \Rightarrow^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\text{f(a + h)}
\Rightarrow ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}\sin\text{(a + h)} + \cos (\text{a} + \text{h})
\Rightarrow ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{h}\rightarrow\text{0}}(\sin\text{a}\cos\text{ h} + \cos\text{a} \sin \text{h}+\cos \text{a}\cos\text{h}-\sin\text{a}\sin\text{h})
= \sin \text{a}\cos0+\cos\text{a}\sin0 + \cos\text{a}\cos0 - \sin\text{a}\sin0
= \sin \text{a} + 0 + \cos\text{a}-0
= \sin \text{a} + \cos\text{a}= \text{f(a)}
Similarly, we have ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{-}}\text{f(x)} = \text{f(a)}
\therefore\ ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{-}}\text{f(x)}= \text{f(a)}= ^{\ \ \text{lim}}_{\text{x}\rightarrow\text{a}^{+}}\text{f(x)}
Since, a is an arbitrary real number, therefore, \text{f(x)}= \sin\text{x} + \cos\text{x} is continuous.
Q865. Discuss the continuity and differntiability of f(x) = |log |x||. 2 Marks
Ans: f(x) = |log |x||

Since, it is an absolute function. So, it is continuous function. The graph of the function is as below:-
From the graph, it is clear that f(x) is not differentiable at x = -1, 1 but continuous for all x.
\text{x}^{2}+\text{xy} + \text{y}^{2} =100
Ans: The given relationship is \text{x}^{2}+\text{xy} + \text{y}^{2} =100

\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^{2}+\text{xy} + \text{y}^{2}) = \frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(100)
\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}^{2})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{xy})+\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\text{(y}^{2}) =0\ [\text{Derivative of constant function is 0}]
\Rightarrow 2\text{x}+ \Big[\text{y}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x})+\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\Big] +2\text{y} \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0\ \ [\text{Using product rule and chain
rule]}
\Rightarrow\ 2\text{x}+\text{y}.1+\text{x}.\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\ 2\text{x}+\text{y}+(\text{x}+2\text{y})\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\therefore\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}= -\frac{2\text{x}+\text{y}}{\text{x} + 2\text{y}}
Q867. Define continuity of a function at a point. 2 Marks
Ans: Continuity at a point:

A function f(x) is said to be continuous at a point x = a of its domain, \lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{a}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f(a)}
Thus, f(x) is continuous at \text{x}=\text{a}\Leftrightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{a}}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}
(\text{a})\Leftrightarrow\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{a}^-}\text{f(x)}=\lim\limits_{{\text{x}}\rightarrow\text{a}^+}\text{f(x)}=\text{f}(\text{a})
Q868. If -\frac{\pi}{2}<\text{x}<0\text{ and y}=\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{1+\cos2\text{x}}}, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}. 2 Marks
Ans: We have, \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{1+\cos2\text{x}}}

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\frac{2\sin^2\text{x}}{2\cos^2\text{x}}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\sqrt{\tan^2\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\tan^{-1}(\tan\text{x})
\Big[\because\tan^{-1}(\tan\text{x})=-\text{x},\text{if x}\in\big(-\frac{\pi}{2},0\big)\Big]
Q869. Find: \int\text{e}^{\text{x}}(\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})\text{cosec}^\text{x}\text{dx} 2 Marks
Ans: \int\text{e}^\text{x} (\cos\text{x}-\sin\text{x})\ \text{cosec}^2 \text{x}\ \text{dx}

=-\int\text{e}^\text{x}[\text{cosec}\ \text{x}-\text{cosec}\ \text{x}\cot\ \text{x}]\text{dx}
=-\text{e}^\text{x}\text{cosec}\ \text{x}\ +\text{c}
Q870. Differentiate \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\cos\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}}\Big) with respect to x. 2 Marks
Ans: Let \tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\cos\text{x}}{\sin\text{x}}\Big)=\text{y}

\text{y}=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{2\cos^2\frac{\text{x}}{2}}{2\sin\frac{\text{x}}{2}\cos\frac{\text{x}}{2}}\bigg)
=\tan^{-1}\Big(\cot\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)
=\tan^{-1}\Big[\tan\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\text{x}}{2}\Big)\Big]
\text{y}=\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\text{x}}{2}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{-1}{2}
Q871. If \text{f}:[-5,\ 5]\rightarrow\ \text{R} is a differentiable function and if f'(x) does not vanish anywhere, then prove that \text{f}(-5)\neq\text{f}(5). 2 Marks
Ans: For, Rolle’s theorem, if

f is continuous is [a, b]
f is derivable in [a, b]
f(a) = f(b)
Then, \text{f}'\text{(c)}=0,\ \text{c}\in(\text{a},\ \text{b)}
It is given that f is continuous and derivable, but \text{f}'\text{(c)}\neq0
\Rightarrow\ \text{f(a)}\neq\text{f(b)}
\Rightarrow\ \text{f}(-5)\neq\text{f}(5)
Q872. \text{If y}=500\text{e}^{7\text{x}}+600\text{e}^{-7\text{x}},\text{ show that }\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=49\text{y} 2 Marks
Ans: \text{y}=500\text{e}^{7\text{x}}+600\text{e}^{-7\text{x}}\dots(1)
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=3500\text{e}^{7\text{x}}-4200\text{e}^{-7\text{x}}
\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=24500\text{e}^{7\text{x}}+29400\text{e}^{-7\text{x}}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=49(500\text{e}^{7\text{x}}+600\text{e}^{-7\text{x}})
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=49\text{y}\ \ [\because\text{of }1]
\tan^{-1}(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=\text{a}
Ans: Consider, \tan^{-1}(\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2)=\text{a}

\text{x}^2+\text{y}^2=\tan\text{a}
\Rightarrow\ 2\text{x}+2\text{y}\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=0
\Rightarrow\ 2\text{y}\cdot\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-2\text{x}
\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{-2\text{x}}{2\text{y}}=\frac{-\text{x}}{\text{y}}
Q874. Find the value of c in Rolle’s theorem for the function \text{f(x)} = \text{x}^{3} - \text{3x in} [ -\sqrt{3}, 0]. 2 Marks
Ans: \text{f(x)} = \text{x}^{3} - \text{3x}

\therefore \text{f}'\text{(c)} = 3\text{ c}^{2} - 3 = 0
\therefore \text{c}^{2} = 1 \Rightarrow \text{c} = \pm 1.
Rejecting c = 1 as it does not belong to (-\sqrt{3, 0)},
we get c = –1.
Q875. Find: \int\sqrt{3-2\text{x}-\text{x}^2}\text{dx} 2 Marks
Ans: \int\sqrt{3-2\text{x}-\text{x}^2}\text{ dx}
=\int\sqrt{3-( 2\text{x}-\text{x}^2})\text{ dx}
Adding and subtracting 12
\Rightarrow\int\sqrt{3-(\text{x}^2+2\text{x}+1^2-1^2)}\text{ dx}
\Rightarrow\int\sqrt{3-(\text{x}^2+2\text{x}+1^2)+1)}\text{ dx}
\Rightarrow\int\sqrt{3+1-(\text{x}^2+2\text{x}+1^2)}\text{ dx}
\int\sqrt{4-(\text{x}^2+2\text{x}+1^2)}\text{ dx}
\Rightarrow\int\sqrt{2^2-(\text{x}+1)^2}\text{ dx}
=\frac{1}{2}(\text{x}+1)\sqrt{2^2-(\text{x}-1)^2}+\frac{2^2}{2}\sin^{-1}\frac{(\text{x+1})}{2}+\text{C}
=\frac{1}{2}(\text{x}+1)\sqrt{4-(\text{x}^2+1^2+2\text{x})^2}+\frac{2^2}{2}\sin^{-1}\frac{(\text{x+1})}{2}+\text{C}
=\frac{1}{2}(\text{x}+1)\sqrt{3-2\text{x}-\text{x}^2}+2\sin^{-1}\frac{(\text{x}+1)}{2}+\text{C}
Q876. If \text{y}=\mid\text{x}-\text{x}^2\mid, then find \frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2} 2 Marks
Ans: We have
\text{y}=\mid\text{x}-\text{x}^2\mid
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\mid\text{x}(1-\text{x})\mid
\Rightarrow\text{y}=\begin{cases}\text{x} -\text{x}^2 &\text{if}&0\leq\times\leq1\\\text{x}^2-\text{x} & \text{if}&\text{x}<0\ \text{or}\ \text{x}>1\end{cases}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\begin{cases}1-2\text{x}&\text{if}&0\leq\times\leq1\\2\text{x}-1&\text{if}&\text{x}\times0\ \text{or}\ \text{x}>1 \end{cases}
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{d}^2\text{y}}{\text{dx}^2}=\begin{cases}-2&\text{if}&0\leq\times\leq1\\2&\text{if}&\text{x}<\ \text{or}\ \text{x}\geq\end{cases}
\sin^{-1}(\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x)}},\ 0\leq\text{x}\leq1
Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}(\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x)}}

\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\sin^{-1}(\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x})}
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x})^2}}}\times\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x}})
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x})^2}}}.\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}\Big(\text{x}^{\frac{3}{2}}\Big)
=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(\text{x}\sqrt{\text{x})^2}}}\times\frac{3}{2}.\text{x}^{\frac{1}{2}}
=\frac{3\sqrt{\text{x}}}{2\sqrt{1-\text{x}^3}}
=\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\text{x}}{1-\text{x}^3}}
Q878. If y = x|x|, find \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\text{ for x 0}<0. 2 Marks
Ans: We have, y = x|x|

\Rightarrow\text{y}=\text{x}(-\text{x})\big(\because\text{x}>0\big)
\Rightarrow\text{y}=-\text{x}^2
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{d}}{\text{dx}}(-\text{x}^2)
\Rightarrow\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=-2\text{x}
Q879. If * is defined on the set R of all real numbers by *:\text{a}\ *\text{b}=\sqrt{\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2}, find the identity element, if it exists in with respect to *. 2 Marks
Ans: let b be the identity element, then

\text{a*b}=\text{b*}\ \text{a}=\text{a}
\text{a*b} =\sqrt{\text{(a)}^2+\text{(b)}^2} =\text{a}
\Rightarrow\text{(a)}^2+\text{(b)}^2=\text{(a)}^2
\Rightarrow \text{b} =0
Similarly,
\text{b*a}= \sqrt{\text{(b)}^2+\text{(a)}^2}=\text{a}
\Rightarrow\text{(b)}^2+\text{(a)}^2 =\text{(a)}^2
Q880. \text{Find } \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} \text{ at t} = \frac{2\pi}{3} \text{ when x 10 (t} -\sin \text{t) and y = 12 } (1 - \cos \text{t}). 2 Marks
Ans: \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dt}} = 12 \sin \text{t}, \frac{\text{dx}}{\text{dt}} = 10 \text{ }(1 - \cos \text{t})

\therefore \frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}} = \frac{6}{5} \times \frac{\sin \text{t}}{1 - \cos \text{t}}
\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}\bigg|_{\text{t} = \frac{2\pi}{3}} = \frac{6}{5\sqrt{3}}

Differentiation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Differentiation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

5/26/24, 6:17 PM Exam Automation

Test / Exam Name: Differentiation Standard: 12th Science Subject: Mathematics

Ans: sin 3 t cos 3 t

[ cos3t = 4cos 3t − 3cost

Ans: Let y = x log x + (logx x)

⇒ logu = log [(logx) x ]

Ans: Let u = sin − 1 4x 1 − 4x 2

Ans: Let f(x) = sin − 1(2x + 3)

[Since, sin − 1x − sin − 1y = sin − 1 [x√1 − y2 − y√1 − x2 ] ]

Differentiating it with respect to x using chain rule and quotient rule,

Ans: It is given function is f(x) = cos(x 2)

Ans: We have, xsin(a + y) + sinacos(a + y) = 0

Ans: Let y = tan − 1 4x

y= tan − 1{tan2θ} . . . . . (i)

Ans: Given, f is continuous on [0, π]

Ans: We have, x = asin2t(1 + cos2t) and y = bcos2t(1 − cos2t)

Ans: Let y = x sin x + (sinx) x

Ans: The given function f(x) = 1

Ans: The given function can be rewritten as,

(RHL at x = 0) = lim f(x) = lim f(0 + h) = lim f(h)

Ans: Since f(x) is continuous at x = 0, L.H.L = R.H.L.

Ans: Let y = cos − 1 x

Ans: Let y = sin(x x) . . . . . (i)

⇒ v = cos − 1 ( ) [Since, sec

Q32. Differentiate the following functions with respect to x: 6 Marks

Ans: Let y = log {x + 2 +

[Using chain rule]

Q33. Differentiate the following w.r.t. x: 6 Marks

Ans: Let u = sin − 1 2x

u= sin − 1(sin2θ) . . . . . (i)

Q38. Differentiate the following w.r.t. x: 6 Marks

Ans: Let y = (x + 1) 2(x + 2) 3(x + 3) 4

[ 2(x+2) (x+3) +3(x+1) (x+3) +4(x+1) (x+2)

Ans: We have x√1 + y + y√1 + x = 0

Ans: f(x) = sinx + 1 cos2x,

Ans: Let \text{y}=\frac{3\text{x}^2\sin\text{x}}{\sqrt{7-\text{x}^2}}

Ans: We have, \text{x}=\text{e}^\theta\Big(\theta+\frac{1}{\theta}\Big)

Ans: Given, \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{2\text{x}^2},&\text{x}<0\\\text{k},&\text{x}=0\\\frac{\text{x}}{|\text{x}|},&\text{x}>0\end{cases}

Ans: Given that yx + xy + xx = ab

Ans: We have, \frac{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}+\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}{\sqrt{\text{x}^2+1}-\sqrt{\text{x}^2-1}}

Ans: f(x) = |x| + |x - 1| in the interval (-1, 2).

Ans: Given: \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}|2\text{x}-3||\text{x}|, & \text{x}\geq1\\\sin\Big(\frac{\pi\text{x}}{2}\Big),& \text{x}>1\end{cases}

Required Area =\Big|\int\limits_{-2}^{\frac{-2}{3}}(3\text{x}+2)\text{dx}\Big|\int\limits^{1}_{\frac{-2}{3}}(3\text{x}+2)\text{dx}

Ans: Let, \text{y}=\log\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos\text{x}}{1+\cos\text{x}}}

Ans: Let, \text{u} = (\cos)^{\sin\text{x}}

Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}+\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{\sqrt{2}}\Big)

Ans: We have, \text{y}^\text{x}=\text{e}^{\text{y}-\text{x}},

Ans: Let \text{f(x)} = \log \cos \text{x}

Ans: Let \text{y}=(\text{x}\cos\text{x})^\text{x}+(\text{x}\sin\text{x})^\frac{1}{\text{x}}

Ans: Let \text{u}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)

Ans: Let \text{f(x)}=\text{e}^{\cos\text{x}}

Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}\Big)+\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{x}^2}}\Big)

Ans: \text{f(x)}=\begin{cases}(\text{x}-\text{c})\cos\Big(\frac{1}{\text{x}-\text{c}}\Big), & \text{x}\neq 0\\0, & \text{x}= 0\end{cases}

Ans: Let \text{y}=\sin^{-1}\Big(\frac{2\text{x}}{1+\text{x}^2}\Big)+\sec^{-1}\Big(\frac{1+\text{x}^2}{1-\text{x}^2}\Big)

Ans: For continuity of the function at x = 2

Ans: We have, \sin(\text{xy})+\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}=\text{x}^2-\text{y}^2

Ans: Given, \text{y}=\frac{1}{2}\log\Big(\frac{1-\cos2\text{x}}{1+\cos2\text{x}}\Big)

Ans: Given: \text{f(x)}=(1+\text{x})(1+\text{x}^2)(1+\text{x}^4)(1+\text{x}^8)\ \dots\text{(i)}

Ans: Let \text{y}=\tan^{-1}\Big\{\frac{2^{\text{x}+1}}{1-4^{\text{x}}}\Big\}

Ans: Let \text{y}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1-\text{x}^{2\text{n}}}{1+\text{x}^{2\text{n}}}\Big)

Ans: We have, \text{x}=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\text{t}^{2}}}\Big)

Ans: Let \text{y}=(\log\text{x})^\text{x}+\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}=\text{u}+\text{v }\text{ where u}=(\log\text{x})^\text{x}\text{ and v}=\text{x}^{\log\text{x}}

Ans: Let, d(x) = |sin x|