ORIGAMI MEETS LIGHTING: DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION OF AN ORIGAMI-INSPIRED
CEILING LIGHT DIFFUSER AND
ITS USER’S MANUAL

A Technology Research Project Paper

Presented on the Faculty of the
BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION
(BTVTED)
MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY
Calapan City Campus
Masipit, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION

by

DIMAANO, JOSEPH B.
FERNANDEZ, BENJIE
MANALO, JOHNLOYD A.
MAGNO, CHRISTIAN YVE A.
MENDOZA, MARK V.

December 2
 Chapter I

THE INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the nature and importance of the study, objectives, hypothesis

of the study, and significance of the study, time and place of the study, scope and limitation of

the study and definition of terms used in the study.

Nature and Importance of the Study

Origami is the traditional Japanese art form of paper folding, commonly used in arts

and crafts and introduced in educational settings to teach geometry and spatial reasoning. It is

widely practiced as a form of cultural expression worldwide, where different folded shapes

and pattern hold specific meanings to express emotions in various fields.

On the other hand, light is one of the important part of the interior design that has a

significant impact on the mood, functionality and aesthetics of the space. Ceiling lights are

widely used in interior lighting. They can be used in different areas of the house, including

hallways, living rooms, kitchens and bedrooms. It helps to evenly distribute light throughout

the room, ensuring that every area is properly illuminated.

Selecting the appropriate ceiling light can significantly impact the user's overall

experience while ensuring functionality and comfort. Poor lighting can cause headaches, eye

strain, and pain associated with poor body posture, affecting the well-being and productivity

of occupants. Bright illumination may lead to disability glare, which can hinder task

performance and constitute a safety concern. So, it is important to create a well-balanced

luminance distribution in the lit spaces. (Ticleanu et al. 2019)

In addition, different shapes of light diffusers can create unique light distribution

patterns. By altering the shape, diffusers can control the propagation of light, directing it in a

specific way. This allows for precise control over where the light is dispersed, providing the

desired illumination for a particular application. It provides controlled light diffusion over a
wide range of angles, enhancing the overall efficiency of the lighting system. The right shape

selection can enhance the overall performance by improving light extraction efficiency and

reducing unwanted scatter. (Luminit, 2023)

Origami has a lot of potential in interior design. It can be used to create unique and

beautiful furniture, lighting fixtures, and other decorative elements. Additionally, origami

principles can be utilized to design space-saving and functional furniture, enhancing the

utilization of interior spaces. (Kouriny’s 2020)

With this information, the researchers proposed the utilization of the origami concept

in creating a ceiling light diffuser to enhance lighting processes to distribute light more

evenly. The concept is implemented by considering factors such as the size and shape of the

ceiling light, the desired level of light diffusion, and the overall design of the space. The

intricate folds of the origami pattern will control both the diffusion of light and the creation of

specific lighting effects. Its design will manipulate how light interacts with the surface,

scattering and dispersing it to achieve a more diffused illumination with reduced intensity. In

relation to that, this type of diffuser can be controlled remotely, broadening the features of

light diffusers through the use of the origami concept.

Hence, this study is proposed to develop and evaluate the performance of origami-

inspired ceiling light diffuser.

Objectives of the Study

This study aims to develop and evaluate the performance of the Origami-

Inspired Ceiling light Diffuser and its User Manual.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. Design and develop Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser and its User's

Manual.
2. Determine the performance evaluation of the group of respondents on the

developed Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser in terms of variables based on

SitelogIQ (2023), “Lighting Design Consideration,” that will be assessed by

Homeowners from Xevera – Neo Calapan Subdivision and Licensed Architects:

A. Design

B. Ease of Use

C. Lighting Distribution

D. Lighting Control & Flexibility

E. Maintenance

3. Determine the evaluation of the group of respondents on the developed User’s

Manual for Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser in terms of the criteria based on

the study of Miciano (2019) entitled, “Designing, Constructing, Evaluating and

Utilizing an Innovative Automotive Oil Filler Pump and its Manual of Operation” that

will be assessed by the Homeowners from Xevera – Neo Calapan Subdivision and

Licensed Architects

A. Comprehensibility

B. Functionality

C. Completeness

4. Determine the significant difference between the evaluations of the two (2)

group of respondents, the Homeowners from Xevera – Neo Calapan Subdivision and

Licensed Architects in the performance evaluation of the Origami-Inspired Ceiling

Light Diffuser.
5. Determine the significant difference between the evaluations of the two (2)

group of respondents, the Homeowners from Xevera – Neo Calapan Subdivision and

Licensed Architect on the developed User’s Manual of the Origami-Inspired Ceiling

Light Diffuser.

6. Estimate the total cost of the production of the Developed Origami-Inspired

Ceiling Light Diffuser.

7. Gather comments and suggestions offered by the respondents on the

developed product.

Hypothesis of the Study

This study tested the following null hypothesis below:

1. There is no significant difference between the evaluation of two (2) groups of

respondents, the Homeowners from Xevera – Neo Calapan Subdivision and

Licensed Architects in the development of Origami-Inspired Ceiling Lights

Diffuser in terms of design, ease of use, lighting distribution, lighting control

and flexibility, and maintenance. (SitelogIQ (2023), “Lighting Design

Consideration”).

2. There is no significant difference between the evaluation of two (2) groups of

respondents, the Homeowners from Xevera Subdivision Calapan City and

Licensed Architects in User’s Manual of the Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light

Diffuser.
Time and Place of the Study

This study will be conducted in the second semester of the academic year

2023-2024. Product development will take place at Mindoro State University - City

Campus, Masipit, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro. Product evaluation will be

facilitated at Mindoro State University - City Campus, Calapan City, Oriental

Mindoro. The product development and user’s manual will be conducted at Barangay

Masipit, Calapan City Oriental Mindoro. The developed product will be evaluated at

Xevera – Neo Calapan Subdivision, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro.

Significance of the Study

This study’s results benefit the following person or group of people.

Consumer- This would help Filipinos control the distribution of light in their rooms

based on their needs and preferences.

Homeowners - This will help people to customize the light distribution within their

rooms by allowing them to adjust the diffuser’s shape and create specific lighting

effect, responding to their needs.

Drafting and Electronic Technology Students - This study aims to help technology

students to broaden their perspectives in creating and innovating technological

products that enhance people's convenience and satisfaction.

Mindoro State University - Calapan City Campus - This study will bring pride and

recognition as an accomplishment of the researchers specifically the drafting

technology students in the field of research.

Future Researcher - The study's results may serve as a reference and source of

information for future researchers conducting related developmental studies.

Proponents - This will enhance the knowledge and skills of the proponents as they

continuously discover new ideas during the development of the product.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will be limited to the development and performance evaluation of

origami inspired ceiling light diffuser. The study focuses on the performance

evaluation of the developed product in terms of design, ease of use, lighting

distribution, lighting control and flexibility and maintenance based from (SitelogIQ

(2023) “Lighting Design Consideration). The testing of the product will be conducted

at Mindoro State University - City Campus, Masipit, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro.

The respondents of the study are the five (5) Licensed Architect and thirty (20)

Homeowners from Xevera Subdivision, Calapan City.

Definition of Terms Used in the Study

For better understanding of this study, the following terms were defined operationally:

Origami – It refers to the concept and design of the proposed study, which

involves manipulating light to achieve both aesthetic style and functionality as a light

diffuser to adjust light intensity.

Light Diffuser - It describes the manipulation of light sources to control the

level of brightness of the origami-inspired ceiling light.

Ceiling Lights - It is the main subject of implementing the concept of

origami-inspired light diffuser.

Remote control -This device controls the function of the light in the proposed

origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser.

 User Manual - It serves as operational guide in using the Origami-Inspired

Ceiling Light Diffuser.

Design - It refers to the appearance and evaluation of the developed Origami-

Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser.

Ease of Use - The criteria to determine whether the proposed Origami-

Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser is a user friendly device.

Lighting Distribution - This refers to the light distribution of the Origami-

Inspired Ceiling light within in the provided space. It also serves to determine the

balance of light in the room or space.

Lighting Control & Flexibility - This refers to the performance of Origami-

Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser in terms of its ability to diffuse and control light

levels.

Maintenance - This involves functional checks to ensure the quality of the

origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser.

Comprehensibility – It refers to the quality of the user’s manual in its ability

to help users understand the developed origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser.

Functionality – It refers to the user’s manual effectiveness as a guide for

using the developed origami-inspired ceiling light diffusers, particularly in providing

clear and efficient instructions.

Completeness - It refers to the completeness of the user's manual for the

developed Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser.

 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literatures and studies.

A number of literature and studies have been reviewed but only those which

are directly relevant to the present study are presented here under

Review of Related Literature

Local Literature

Beldad (2023) defined the term “culture in interior design” as it refers to how

cultural conventions and values affect how a home is decorated. The way people from

different cultures perceive beauty and practicality in architecture can shape their

preferences for interior design, including choices in color schemes, patterns,

materials, and furniture. These preferences can be deeply rooted in their cultural

backgrounds, resulting in unique and diverse designs that reflect their heritage.

Beldad's (2023) concept of "culture in interior design" is related to the

researcher’s proposed study as it demonstrated the use of origami in interior design,

both concepts acknowledge the significance of cultural influences in shaping design

preferences. Origami, a traditional Japanese art, is increasingly used in interior design

to create unique and aesthetically pleasing elements. The use of origami reflects the

cultural heritage and values of Japan, such as simplicity, minimalism, and respect for

nature. Utilizing origami concepts into interior design can create a space that

showcases beauty, practicality, and cultural traditions.

Rodrigues (2017) introduced origami-inspired systems and structures,

covering its modeling, applications, and principles. It has been demonstrated that the
age-old craft of paper folding served as the model for numerous inventive engineering

creations in a variety of industries, including architecture and engineering. Adaptive

morphing structures are becoming more and more dependent on the relationship with

smart materials.

The above mentioned citation emphasizes the increasing importance of

origami-inspired system because of its morphing structure, which is relevant to the

researchers proposed study. By incorporating origami-inspired structures the design of

the diffuser, it can be designed to change shape and control light levels, creating a

dynamic and adaptive lighting system. Therefore, Rodrigues (2022) provides valuable

insights and inspiration for the development of an origami-inspired ceiling light

diffuser that not only showcases the aesthetic appeal of origami-inspired design but

also leverages smart materials to create a functional and adaptive lighting system.

Lamudi (2020) a company of architecture and design, discussed that general

lighting, also known as ambient lighting, is the most common form of lighting in

homes. It includes wall lamps, chandeliers, and other fixtures that illuminate rooms.

Adequate general lighting is important for creating a warm and welcoming

atmosphere, making spaces feel less cramped and more inviting for family and

friends. While natural lighting from sunlight is beneficial, it's not always available

and may not reach all areas of a home. Proper placement of general lighting is

necessary to provide sufficient illumination and create relaxed and cheerful spaces.

Furthermore, Asuncion (2021) stated that diffused lighting creates a

comfortable and welcoming environment. It's characterized by the absence of harsh

light streams and dark shadows, and it's flattering. Diffused lighting also softens

textures, brightens dark areas, and visually expands the perception of space. In
Filipino, it's described as "maaliwalas," suggesting positive emotions such as

happiness and joy. It reduces eye strain and reflections, making it easier to see details

without harsh shadows and creating a more comfortable environment.

Moreover, Gula (2022) discusses the concept of diffused light and its

significance in filmmaking. The author explains that diffused light refers to a type of

lighting that is scattered in all directions, creating a soft and even illumination. He

highlights several reasons why filmmakers should use diffused light. Like it creates a

flattering and natural look, and it can help to minimize harsh shadows and reflections.

The three concept cited above highlights the importance of lighting in

different contexts, including home design, ambiance creation, and filmmaking. They

all emphasize the benefits of using diffused lighting to create a comfortable,

welcoming, and natural environment. Lamudi (2022) discusses the importance of

general lighting in creating a warm and welcoming atmosphere, which is supported by

Asuncion (2021) who emphasizes the role of diffused lighting in creating a

comfortable and welcoming environment. Gula (2022) further supports this idea by

suggesting the use of diffused light to create soft and even illumination. These

concepts are relevant to the researcher’s proposed study because they highlight the

importance of diffused lighting in creating a comfortable and welcoming

environment. By using diffused lighting, the origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser

can create a soft and even illumination that is comfortable and welcoming, making it

suitable for various settings such as homes, offices, and public spaces.

Foreign Literature

Avila et al. (2019) discussed the potential of origami in engineering design,

highlighting its ability to change its characteristics and behavior based on its shape,
and identifying several recognized fold states that define the shape of the origami.

However, these fold states do not cover all of the most common fold states seen in

origami-based devices. Expanding the range of recognized fold states and

investigating their unique properties can lead to novel and effective solutions for

various challenges.

Similarly, Asi Architectural (2022) an architectural company, emphasized the

contribution of origami in architecture, where architects have been using designs

inspired by origami to create modern and visually appealing structures that offer both

structural and aesthetic benefits. The geometric shapes and patterns exemplified by

origami folding techniques are useful in architecture, and architects have begun to

incorporate all that origami has to offer into the finished designs of buildings and

structures.

The above mentioned citations implies that both perspectives highlight the

versatility and potential of origami in different fields, demonstrating its capacity to

inspire innovative solutions and push the boundaries of design. The researcher’s

proposed study is a prime example of how the principles of origami can be applied to

engineering design and architecture. The diffuser's unique shape, inspired by origami

folding techniques, allows it to redirect light in a way that creates a soft, diffused

glow, while also providing a visually appealing aesthetic. This product demonstrates

the potential of origami to change its characteristics and behavior based on its shape,

as discussed by Avila et al. (2019). By expanding the range of recognized fold states

and investigating their unique properties, engineers and architects can create novel

and effective solutions for various challenges, such as lighting design.

 Foyr (2023) discussed the importance of lighting in interior design, it said that

lighting is a crucial element in interior design that can greatly impact the ambiance

and functionality of a space. By understanding the science behind lighting and its

effects on texture, color, and mood, homeowners and designers can create a lighting

plan that complements the overall design and purpose of a room. Whether it's a warm

and inviting atmosphere for a living room or a bright and focused environment for a

home office, lighting can make all the difference. With the numerous options

available in light fixtures and technologies, it's important to consider the specific

needs and goals of each space to create a lighting plan that is both functional and

aesthetically pleasing. When thoughtfully executed, lighting can elevate a space from

ordinary to extraordinary, making it a standout space in your home.

The importance of lighting in interior design, as discussed by Foyr (2023),

cannot be overstated. One innovative solution that combines functionality and

aesthetics is the researcher’s proposed study. This lighting fixture utilizes the

principles of origami to create a unique and visually appealing design that also serves

a practical purpose. Moreover, the origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser offers a

creative solution to the challenge of providing adequate lighting in a space while also

considering the specific needs and goals of the room. At the same time, the diffuser's

design ensures that the light is distributed evenly, avoiding harsh shadows and glare

that can be uncomfortable and detrimental to productivity. The origami-inspired

ceiling light diffuser is an innovative lighting solution that exemplifies the importance

of lighting in interior design, as discussed by Foyr (2023).

Petrov (2023) defines a diffuser as a device that is placed in front of a light

source, such as a lamp or ceiling light, to scatter the light in different directions. This

helps to create a more even distribution of light and reduces harsh shadows. Diffusers
come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and can be made from various materials. Some

common materials include plastic, glass, and fabric. A diffuser is a simple and

effective way to improve the lighting in your home office. By creating a more

uniform and comfortable lighting environment, you can increase productivity and

reduce eye strain.

The researcher’s proposed study can be related to Petrov's (2023) definition of

a diffuser. The origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser is a device that is placed in front

of a light source, such as a ceiling light, to scatter the light in different directions. The

use of origami-inspired design in the diffuser adds a unique aesthetic element to the

device, making it a visually appealing option for home offices. It also showcases the

versatility and potential of origami in different fields, demonstrating its capacity to

inspire innovative solutions and push the boundaries of design. Overall the origami-

inspired ceiling light diffuser is an example of a diffuser as defined by Petrov (2023),

which not only improves the lighting environment but also adds an element of design

and creativity to the space. By combining functionality and aesthetics, the origami-

inspired ceiling light diffuser offers a unique solution for home offices looking to

enhance their lighting environment.

Patel (2021) said that manuals are crucial for ensuring the proper and safe

usage of any product. Whether for a new kitchen appliance, a piece of software, or a

piece of machinery, User manuals are an excellent resource for learning about and

making the most of the device in question. An important factor in the success of a

business is the level of client satisfaction they are able to achieve. Access to thorough

and understandable instructions is highly valued by consumers since it gives them

faith in their ability to utilize the product and cuts down on their need for customer

service.
 The above mentioned citation highlights the importance of user manuals in

ensuring the proper and safe usage of any product, which is particularly relevant in

the context of the researcher’s proposed study. As these origami-inspired ceiling

diffusers are unique and innovative products, users may require guidance on how to

properly install, maintain, and operate them. In the study on origami-inspired ceiling

light diffusers, the user manual plays a crucial role in ensuring that users can properly

utilize the product and benefit from its unique design. By providing clear instructions

and diagrams, the manual can help users to understand how to assemble, install, and

maintain the diffuser, as well as how to adjust its various settings to achieve the

desired lighting effect.

Review of Related Studies

Local Study

According to the study of Sulit et al. (2023) the Evaulation of the Designed

and Developed Motorcycle Ignition System (MIS) Mock-up the study evaluate the

developed instructional manual of the Motor Ignition System (MIS) Mock-up using

the validated questionnaire adopted from the study of Miciano R. C. (2020) in terms

of Clarity. The manual communicates clearly to readers and users because it is simple

to understand. The pictures/illustration in the manual are extremely helpful in

explaining how to use the product.

Similarly the study of Ceniza et al. (2023) entitled “Development and

Performance Quality Evaluation of Adjustable Circle Template with 360 Protector

and its Operational Manual”. The study determine the evaluation of the group of

respondents on the Operational Manual for the Adjustable Circle Template with 360°

Protractor in terms of the criteria based on the study of Maciano (2019) entitled,
"Designing, Constructing Evaluating and Utilizing an Innovative Automotive Oil

Filler Pump and its Manual of Operations" it terms of Comprehensibility,

Functionality, Completeness. The Operational Manual of the Developed Adjustable

Circle Template with 360° Protractor was deemed as highly acceptable based on the

rating of Respondents.

Likewise, in the study of Abanador et al. (2021) entitled “Design, Develop and

Evaluate an Automotive Brake System Mock-Up and Its Instructional Manual.” The

study evaluate the developed Instructional Manual for the Automotive Brake System

Mock-up by the respondents in terms of comprehensiveness, completeness and

functionability. The study concluded that the manual’s content and parts are well-

organized, comprehensive and simple to use according to the results and comments of

the respondents.

In addition the study by Acedera et al. (2022) entitled “Development and

Evaluation of Electronic Power Steering (EPS) Mock-Up and Its Instructional

Manual”. The study evaluate the Developed Instructional Manual of the Electronic

Power Steering (EPS) Mock-up student using the adopted validated criteria. Clarity,

Completeness, Comprehensibility and Functionality. Developed Instructional Manual

of the Electronic Power Steering (EPS) Mock-up is presentable, provides clear

information, readable and used proper words and grammar that is simple to

understand by the learners and readers.

The above mentioned citation emphasizes the importance of considering

instructional manuals in developing products. Instructional manuals serve us guide to

users in operating the developed product. The above study proves that instructional

manuals is useful in operating innovative products based from the evaluation provides
in the study. In relation, the researcher’s proposed study will evaluate the User’s

Manual for Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser in terms of the criteria

comprehensibility, functionability and completeness based on the study of Miciano

(2019) entitled, “Designing, Constructing, Evaluating and Utilizing and Innovative

Automotive Oil Filler Pump and its Manual of Operations” to prove the acceptability

of User’s Manual for Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light diffuser.

Foreign Study

According to the study of Kouriny (2020) entitled “Relationship between

Origami and Interior Dsign Related Spaces Manipulation” it aimed to develop thought

of interior designer about origami and new ideas for the efficient usage of the new

shape. To give the idea of the variable kinds, types of origami and also how to invent

it to the Interior design. To show that there are a space for the creativity and field of

the unknown usage for the origami, as it just has been studied. This part of the work

should be inspiring for the young designers in order to reach the new goals.

The above mentioned citation aims to foster a new perspective among interior

designers, encouraging them to embrace origami as a source of inspiration and a tool

for developing innovative and efficient designs. By showcasing the versatility and

adaptability of origami. It supports the researcher’s proposed study because it is

essential for creating unique and innovative designs, such as an origami-inspired

ceiling light diffuser. The versatility can be applied to the design of a ceiling light

diffuser, where origami principles can be used to create a variety of shapes, sizes, and

patterns. An origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser is an excellent example of a

creative and innovative design solution that can add a touch of elegance and

sophistication to a space. An origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser is a practical

application of this concept, showcasing the potential for origami to be used in

functional and aesthetically pleasing designs.

Kristina et al. (2022) investigated the level of comfort experienced by visitors

to Sociolla Paskal 23 Bandung's retail interiors. The research involved surveys and

questionnaires to gather data and determine the impact of lighting on visitors'

experiences. The findings contribute to customer’s understanding of the significance

of lighting in shaping the ambiance of retail spaces and the role of artificial lighting in

enhancing customer experience.

The above mentioned citation highlights the importance of lighting in shaping

the ambiance of retail spaces and enhancing customer experience. This relevant to

researcher’s proposed study because this will also contribute to user’s understanding

of lighting in shaping the ambiance, providing comfort and aesthetic design in

indoors. The possible solution for homeowners looking to improve their lighting is to

incorporate light diffusers, which can provide efficient lighting solution. By using

origami principles, the researchers will create light diffusers that are not only

aesthetically pleasing but also provide optimal lighting conditions for customers. The

proposed study also uses survey questionnaires to determined the performance

evaluation of respondents to origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser.

Marz et al. (2019) developed a lamp that can be adjusted by the user to create

various atmospheres in a room by changing the light conditions according to their

needs. The lamp allows for a responsive communication between the user and the

machine, as the user can manipulate the mechanical dimmer with intuitive hand

movements, leading to different interactive experiences with the lighting. The design

combines traditional origami and interactive design elements to create a unique and
modern geometric lamp that enables users to interact with it in new and innovative

ways.

The above mentioned citation about the development interactive lamp that

allows users to manipulate light conditions to create different room atmospheres. This

research highlights the importance of user interaction and personalization in lighting

design. The researcher’s proposed study is highly relevant to the citation mentioned

above because the origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser is a device that user’s can

manipulate the light levels using the concept of origami fold. By incorporating

origami principles into the design of a ceiling light diffuser, the researchers aim to

create a more interactive and personalized lighting experience for users. The proposed

product is operated using remote control.

Lee et al. (2018) developed a dimming lighting control using general lighting.

The developed system reduces lighting energy and improves indoor comfort while

using lighting control. In addition, the effectiveness of the developed technology was

verified by performing diverse performance evaluations according to occupant

location recognition and the number of occupants.

The above mentioned citation emphasizes the acceptability of

dimming lighting control to reduce lighting energy and improves indoor comfort. The

proposed study on using origami concepts to create a ceiling light diffuser shares

similarities with the existing study by Lee et al. (2018) in terms of their focus on

optimizing light distribution, prioritizing occupant comfort, and employing advanced

technologies. The proposed study offers a novel approach to lighting design that can

potentially complement or enhance the existing study's findings.

 According to the study by Pracky et al. (2020) entitled “Strategies Influencing

energy Efficiency of Lighting Solutions” the development of illuminating engineering

have opened up numerous possibilities for utilizing innovative lighting technologies

and techniques, enhancing the quality of lighting environments while optimizing

energy efficiency in various settings, including interior spaces. One of the strategies

presented is using control systems that provide optimum use of lighting during its

operation which resulted to the improvement of lighting conditions. The article

provides design approaches and factors that impact lighting conditions, serving as a

valuable resource for devising and implementing effective strategies to enhance

lighting conditions and energy efficiency in diverse lighting applications.

The above mentioned citation provides strategies to improve lighting

conditions. One of the strategies presented and proven to provide quality light

condition is through the use of controls systems. The researcher’s proposed study

relevant to the study cited above because it also provides the use of control system

which is the origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser. The ceiling light diffuser is the

manipulation of light sources to control the level of brightness and distributes light

more evenly. The testing of the light quality and condition is through performance

evaluation of origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser based from SitelogIQ (2023)

“Lighting Design Consideration.” in terms of style, ease of use, lighting distribution,

lighting control and flexibility, and maintenance.

 Chapter III

MATERIALS AND METHOD

This chapter consists of the methods of research used in the study, sources of

data, data gathering instrument, data gathering procedure, materials and procedures

and statistical treatment of data.

Methods of Research

The study will utilize descriptive and developmental methods of research that

assess the acceptability of origami-inspired ceiling light diffuser and its user manual.

The researcher utilized development and descriptive methods of research and acquired

reliable and dependable outcomes.

Descriptive research is a common investigatory model used by researchers in

various fields, including social sciences, linguistics, and academia. To conduct

effective research, you must understand the who, what, and where of the scenario or

target population. Acquiring sufficient knowledge about the research topic is a critical

component of successful research. (Dovetail Editorial Team 2023)

Developmental research when it comes to engineering and technology is the

systematic study of design, development and evaluation processes to establish an

empirical basis for the creation of instructional and non-instructional product tools

and tools and new or enhanced models that govern their development. (Ramirez,

2020).

Both methods will be use to evaluate the performance of origami-inspired

ceiling light diffuser and its user manual in terms of design, ease of use, lighting

distribution, lighting control and flexibility and maintenance.(Variables Based from

SitelogIQ (2023) “Lighting Design Consideration) and as perceived by Licensed

Architects and Homeowners.

Sources of Data

The main source of data of this study were the evaluation checklist which

contains feedback of the respondents about the acceptability and evaluation of

origami-inspired ceiling lights diffuser and its user manual. The respondents will be

the five (5) License Architect from Oriental Mindoro and twenty (20) Homeowners

from Xevera Subdivision, Calapan City.

TABLE 1.

Distribution of Respondents in Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro

GROUP OF RESPONDENT NUMBER OF RESPONDENT

Homeowners from Xevera – Neo 20

Calapan Subdivision
Licensed Architect 5

Data Gathering Instrument

An evaluation checklist will be use as the research instrument of this study

which was validated by the expert. The checklist deals with the items to evaluate the

performance of origami inspired ceiling lights diffuser in terms of style, ease of use,

lighting distribution and brightness, lighting control and flexibility, cost of

implementation, and maintenance. (Criteria Based from SitelogIQ, 2023 “Lighting

Design Consideration”).

A Likert scale is a rating scale used to measure opinions, attitudes, or

behaviors. It consists of a statement or a question, followed by a series of five or

seven answer statements. Respondents choose the option that best corresponds with

how they feel about the statement or question. (Bhandari et al. 2020)

Likert scale, rating system, used in questionnaires, that is designed to measure

people’s attitudes, opinions, or perceptions. Subjects choose from a range of possible

responses to a specific question or statement; responses typically include “strongly

agree,” “agree,” “neutral,” “disagree,” and “strongly disagree.” (Jamieson 2023)

The Likert Scale with the ’Descriptive Value is presented in table 2.

TABLE 2.
Four – Point Likert Rating Scale.
RATING SCALE RANGE DESCRIPTIVE
RATING
4 3.50-4.49 AGREE
3 2.50-3.49 NEUTRAL
2 1.50-2.49 DISAGREE
1 1.00-1.49 STRONGLY
DISAGREE

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will personally administer and retrieve the checklist to ensure

the high return percentage of the form. After gathering the checklist data gathered will

be table, tabulated and statistically treated for analysis interpretation.

MATERIAL / SERVICE AND PROCEDURE

The tools, equipment and materials in assembling the Origami-Inspired

Ceiling Light Diffuser and its User’s Manual.

I. Development of the Origami –Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser

A. PLANNING AND DESIGNING

The Origami – Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser will be designed through sketching and

transferring it to SketchUp 2020 Application

B. BILLING OF MATERIALS

TABLE 3:

Billing of tools for the Development of the Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light

Diffuser.
TOOLS SPECIFICATIO QUANTITY UNIT COST TOTAL COST

Soldering Iron 230 V 1 Php 174.00 Php 174.00

Plies Stanley Heavy 1 set Php 255.00 Php 255.00

Duty
Screw Driver Stanley Magnetic 1 set Php 53.00 Php 53.00

Multi-tester Sanwa AC/DC up 1 Php 159.00 Php 159.00

to 1000 Volts
TOTAL Php 647.00

TABLE 4:
Billing of materials for the Development of the Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light
Diffuser.
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION UNIT COST TOTAL COST
Holographic 15x19 inches Php 810.00 Php 810.00
diffuser film
Control switch Remote Control 10 Php 454.00 Php 454.00
Amp Wide Range
Stainless steel .6 mm / 1.5 cm Php 229.00 Php 229.00
spring wire length
Wires 6 meter Php 300.00 Php 300.00
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION UNIT COST TOTAL COST
Holographic 15x19 inches Php 810.00 Php 810.00
diffuser film
TOTAL Php 1,793.00

TABLE 5:
Summary of the billing of Tools and Materials for the Development of the Origami-
Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser.
Tools Php 647.00
Materials Php 1,793.00
Labor Php 350.00
TOTAL Php 2,790.00

C. ASSEMBLING

● Planning and designing the concept in developing the Origami-Inspired

Ceiling Light Diffuser using SketchUp Application. (2022)

● Billing of all materials needed for the project

● Lay out and circuit designing of the developed Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light

Diffuser

● Sketching /3d modeling of the product

● Mounting components of the developed Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light

Diffuser

● Assembling the parts needed for the developed product

 ● Testing and calibration of the prototype product

Process Flow

Figure 1. Presents the Process Flow in developing the Origami – Inspired

Ceiling Light Diffuser

Figure 1. Development and Evaluation Process Flow of Origami-Inspired Ceiling

Light Diffuser.
 Diagram of the View of Developed Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light
Diffuser.
Figure 2 shows the multi-view perspective in a bottom view and side view of
the Developed Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser.

BOTTOM VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW

Figure 2. Bottom and Side View of the Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light

Diffuser.

Figure 3 shows the block Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser.

 Figure 3. Block Diagram of Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser

Figure 4 shows the Wiring Diagram of Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser.

Figure 4 . Wiring Diagram of Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser

II. Development of the User’s Manual of the Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light

Diffuser.

A. PLANNING AND DESIGNING

The Developed User’s Manual of the Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser

planned through sketching and transferring it to the SketchUp application.

B. BILLING OF MATERIALS

Table 6
 Billing of materials for the Development of the User’s Manual of the Origami-
Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser.
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION UNIT COST TOTAL COST
Epson Printer Ink Epson Claria Php 285.00 Php 285.00
Premium Inks
Hardcopy Coupon 70 gsm Php 50.00 Php 785.00
Bond
TOTAL Php 335.00

C. Procedure

● Planning and designing the User’s Manual of the Origami-Inspired

Ceiling Light Diffuser using the SketchUp (2020) application.

● Lay-outing the User’s Manual design using Microsoft Publisher

(2013).

● Arranging and labelling the illustration of the parts and user’s guide of

the Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser using Microsoft Publisher

(2013).

● Writing content including product description, parts, instructions and

user’s guide.

● Proofreading the contents of the User’s Manual.

● Finalizing the design and content of the User’s Manual.

 ● Evaluating the developed User’s Manual using the given criteria.

Process Flow

Figure 5 Presents the process flow in developing the User’s Manual of the Origami-
Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser.
Figure 5. Process Flow in Developing User’s Manual of Origami-Inspired Ceiling

Light Diffuser.

Figure 6 shows the design of the Developed User’s Manual of the Origami-Inspired
Ceiling Light Diffuser

Figure 6. The Developed User’s Manual of Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light

Diffuser.
Statistical Treatment of Data
This study utilized weighted mean and Kruskal-Wallis H test as a statistical

tool.
Weighted Mean. This is use to determine the perception of the respondents about the

Origami Meets Lighting: Development and Performance Evaluation of an Origami-

Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser and its user’s manual in terms of style.

Kruskal – Walis Test. It was used as an analysis tool that is nonparametric

equivalent of the one-way ANOVA and is typically used when the normally

assumption is violated. The researcher will use the Kruskal – Walis to test the

significant differences between the evaluation of two groups of respondents in the

performance quality of the Origami-Inspired Ceiling Light Diffuser.

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