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Lec 15
Lec 15
Lecture 15
Transceiver Architecture – II
1
Basic Heterodyne Receivers
LNA Mixer
RF BPF IF -ωin 0 ωin ω
INPUT Output
2
Problem of Image
Desired
Signal
Image
LPF
ωin ωim ω ωIF ω
ωIF ωIF
CosωLOt
-ωLO ω
ωim = ωin + 2ωIF = 2ωLO - ωin
Image Reject
LNA Filter
Image
Reject
Filter
ωin ωim
CosωLOt 2ωIF
3
Image Rejection versus Channel selection
LNA Channel • A high IF allows substantial rejection of
Image
Select the Image, whereas a low IF helps with
Reject
Filter the suppression of in-band interferers.
Filter
Desired
Signal CosωLOt
Image Reject
Filter Image Channel Select
Interferer Filter
2ωIF ω ωIF ω
4
Dual Down Conversion Channel IF
Band Image Channel Select Amplifier
Select Reject RF Mixer Select IF Mixer Filter
Filter LNA Filter MX1 Filter MX2
BPF1 BPF2 BPF3 BPF4
A B C D E F G H
ωLO1 ωLO2
5
Direct-Conversion Receivers
• Mixing Spurs: due to non-ideal mixing and LO generation. Mixing of RF input by all LO
harmonics.
ωint ± mωLO1 ± nωLO2 = ωin - ωLO1 – ωLO2
LPF I
LNA
BPF CosωLOt
ωin
LPF Q
SinωLOt
6
Self Image
Symmetrically-modulation Asymmetrically-modulation
S(f) S(f-fLO) xBB(t)
VCO
fc f
0 f fLO ω t
fLO f
-ωIF1 +ωIF1 ω
0 ω
7
Modern Heterodyne Receiver
• Heterodyne RX with quadrature down-conversion
LPF XBB,I(t)
LNA
BPF
ωin CosωLO2t
ωLO1
LPF XBB,Q(t)
• Sliding-IF Receivers SinωLO2t
LPF XBB,I(t)
LNA
BPF LO2,I
ωin
fLO1
LPF XBB,Q(t)
LO2,Q 𝑓𝐿𝑂1
LO1 ÷2 2
Example
𝑓𝐿𝑂1 2
𝑓𝐿𝑂1 + = 𝑓𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝐿𝑂1 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛
2 3
Mix2 BB
VGA
LPF XBB,I(t)
IF
Mix1
LNA VGA
I
ωin
BB
Mix2 VGA
LPF
48GHz XBB,Q(t)
PLL
4:1 12GHz Q