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Full Download L Attrapeur D Oiseaux 1St Edition Pedro Cesarino Online Full Chapter PDF
Full Download L Attrapeur D Oiseaux 1St Edition Pedro Cesarino Online Full Chapter PDF
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to aspire.” According to the emperor’s opinion, as soon as Louis
Napoleon desired to make himself emperor he would become a
usurper, because he did not possess the divine right—he would be
emperor in fact but never by right; in a word, “a second Louis
Philippe, less the odious character of that scoundrel.”
When the French diplomatic representatives
[1853 a.d.] in St. Petersburg and Warsaw evidenced an
intention to celebrate the 15th of August, the
emperor Nicholas drew up the following resolution: “A public church
service for Napoleon cannot be allowed, because he ceased to be
emperor, being banished and confined to the island of St. Helena.
There is no propriety in celebrating the birthday of the late Napoleon
in our country, whence he was despatched with befitting honour.”
The Napoleonic empire had already transcended the limits which the
emperor Nicholas would at one time have allowed; it was in direct
contradiction to the stipulations of the congress of Vienna, which
formed the basis of the national law of Europe. The emperor’s allies,
however, looked on the matter somewhat differently. Austria and
Prussia recognised Napoleon III; it therefore only remained to the
emperor Nicholas, against his will, to follow their example; but still he
departed from the usually accepted diplomatic forms, and in his letter
to Napoleon III he did not call him brother, but “le bon ami” (good
friend). Soon on the political horizon appeared the Eastern question,
artfully put forward with a secret motive by Napoleon III; his cunning
calculations were justified without delay; the Russian troops crossed
the Pruth in 1853, and occupied the principality, as a guarantee, until
the demands presented to the Ottoman Porte by the emperor
Nicholas were complied with. Austrian ingratitude opened a safe
path for the snares of Anglo-French diplomacy. The Eastern War
began, at first upon Turkish territory and afterwards concentrated
itself in the Crimean peninsula around Sebastopol; France, England,
and afterwards, in 1855, little Sardinia, in alliance with Turkey, took
up arms against Russia; on the side of the allies lay the sympathy of
all neutral Europe, which already dreamed of wresting Russia’s
conquests from her.b
EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CRIMEAN WAR
This fight had lasted from four in the morning until four in the
evening, when the allies saw a white flag over the tower battlements.
The commander asked an armistice of two hours, which was
granted. He recommenced firing before the interval was over. The
French batteries overthrew the armaments, whilst the Vincennes
chasseurs acting as free-shooters attacked the cannoneers.
Resistance ceased towards evening and the tower yielded at three
o’clock in the morning. One officer and thirty men were made
prisoners. On Monday no notice was taken of provocation from the
fortress, but preparations were made for the morrow.
On the morning of August 15th the English attacked the north
tower. In six hours three of their large cannon had been able to
pierce the granite and make a breach of twenty feet. The north tower
was not long in surrendering; four English and two French vessels
directed their fire on the large fortress. A white flag was hoisted on
the rampart nearest the sea. Two officers of the fleet were sent to the
governor, who said, “I yield to the marine.” This officer had only a few
dead and seventy wounded, but smoke poured in through the badly
constructed windows, bombs burst in the middle of the fortress,
without mentioning the carbine fire of the free-shooters. A longer
resistance was useless.g
In 1855 the Russians bombarded Sveaborg. The allies attacked
the fortified monastery of Solovetski, in the White Sea, and in the
sea of Okhotsk they blockaded the Siberian ports, destroyed the
arsenals of Petropavlovsk, and disturbed the tranquillity of the
Russians on the river Amur.
Menaced by the Austrian concentration in Transylvania, and by the
landing of English and French troops at Gallipoli and Varna, the
Russians made a last and vain attempt to gain possession of
Silistria, which they had held in a state of siege from April to July at
the cost of a great number of men. In the Dobrudja an expedition
directed by the French was without result from a military point of
view, the soldiers being thinned out by cholera and paludal fevers.
The Russians decided to evacuate the principalities, which were at
once occupied by the Austrians in accord with Europe and the
sultan. The war on the Danube was at an end.
The object of the Russians was to turn the right and seize
Balaklava, burn the shipping in the port, and, cutting off our
communication with the sea, establish themselves in our rear. To