INTRODUCTION

In internship program at Aurobindo, I have gained understanding of weapons, injuries and

post-mortem examination required In cases. This report is a cumulative record of my
internship experience, where I understood the multifaceted realm of weaponry classification,
injury typologies and crucial part of autopsy investigation. From firearms to bladed
instruments, each weapon type bears its own distinct characteristics, usage patterns, and
forensic significance. Throughout my internship, I went through weaponry classification,
gaining insights into the mechanisms and implications of various armaments . Along with
weapon study, I explored the intricate landscape of injuries and their types. From abrasion to
contusion, following with laceration, incision, chop and stab. Through hands-on experience
and academic inquiry, I dissected the intricacies of trauma assessment, diagnostic
methodologies, and medical management.
Furthermore, my internship provided an unique opportunity to immerse myself in the solemn
yet enlightening world of post-mortem examinations. Guided by seasoned forensic
professionals, I witnessed firsthand the process of examining the deceased, unraveling the
enigma of death, and piecing together the narrative of a life extinguished. Yet, with each
obstacle surmounted, I emerged with a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay
between weapons, injuries, and the post-mortem realm. In this report, I endeavor to distill the
essence of my internship experience, a journey marked by discovery, introspection, and
application of forensic knowledge. Through comprehensive analysis, case studies, I aim to
shed light on the intricacies of weapons, injuries, and post-mortem examinations,
underscoring their profound relevance in the field of forensic science. IPC 153 AA -
punishment for knowingly carrying arms in any procession or organizing or holding or taking
part in any mass drillor mass training with arms. IPC section 44 - The word “injury” denotes
any harm whatsoever illegally caused to any person, in body, mind, reputation or property.
The post-mortem takes place in an examination room that looks similar to an operating
theatre. The examination room will be licensed and inspected by the HTA .

1
 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION

AURBINDO MEDICAL COLLEGE is a renowned institution known for its excellence in

medical education and research . it offers a comprehensive range of medical programs ,
including undergraduate and postgraduate degrees . the college is equipped with state-of-the-
art facilities and laboratories , providing students with hands on training and practical
experience in various medical specialties . with a focus on academic excellence , research ,
and community service , AURBINDO MEDICAL COLLEGE is dedicated to producing
competent and compassionate healthcare professionals who contribute significantly to the
healthcare industry .
During internship program I assist forensic pathologist during autopsies and observed and
participated in autopsy procedures , including external examinations , internal organ
inspections , and sample collection for further analysis .
Overall , my responsibilities during internship involved gaining practical experience in
forensic medicine and toxicology , learning essential skills in forensic analysis and
investigation , and contributing to the resolution of legal and medical issues related to
forensic cases . And the lectures given by the faculties provide foundational ,knowledge and
practical that can apply in internship and future career in forensic medicine and toxicolog y .

OBJECTIVE :

2
The objectives of my internship in forensic medicine and toxicology were –

1- Gain Practical Experience – To acquire hands -on experience in various aspects of

forensic medicine and toxicology , including autopsy procedures , toxicology analysis
, forensic investigations .

2- Develop Analytical Skills – To enhance my ability to analyze forensic evidence ,

interpret findings , and draw conclusions related to causes of death , toxicological
effects , and forensic pathology .

3- Interpretation of autopsy in forensic medicine and toxicology – To apply my

medical knowledge and skills in a forensic context , understanding how medical
science intersects with legal and investigation processes to provide accurate and
reliable forensic analysis .

4- Enhance Professional Development – To develop professionalism , critical

thinking , problem solving , and communication skills essential for a career in
forensic medicine and toxicology .

5- Collaborate With Professionals – To collaborate with forensic pathologists ,

toxicologists , law enforcement officers and gaining insights into interdisciplinary
teamwork and communication in forensic investigations .

RATIONALE

3
By summarizing and reflecting on what I have learned during internship, I create a
comprehensive record of my educational experience. This documentation can be valuable
for personal reflection, academic assessment, or professional development. This process
helps reinforce understanding of key concepts and principles in forensic science,
weapons analysis, injury assessment, and post-mortem examination. I include all my
learning from 15 days at my internship which I find beneficial for my career progress.
This record submitted to my college is a proof that I have hands-on learning about the
followings and gained experience through this internship. Enhancing medical
professionals' understanding of traumatic injuries, leading to improved patient care and
outcomes, especially in emergency rooms and surgical settings. Showcasing how
advancements in understanding weapons, injuries, and post-mortem examinations can
drive innovation in medical treatments, forensic techniques, and public policy aimed at
reducing violence and its consequences

OVERVIEW

4
 SRI AUROBINDO UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC
SCIENCE AND TOXICOLOGY

Forensic Medicine deals with the application and knowledge of medical science in legal
investigation of cause of death and helps the Courts of Law in the administration of
justice.
It is strongly felt that Law and Medicine should work together very systemically in the
investigation of crime against human body .

The State Government has granted permission for the department of Forensic Medicine &
Toxicology , SAMC & PGI , Indore , to perform medico-legal autopsies for about 15
years.
The department has been in operation for over 17 years . The department uses
contemporary
teaching modes to impart practical knowledge to undergraduate and graduate medical
students the finest teaching and learning experience possible and to increase their
knowledge and creativity , it has well – equipped its cutting – edge museum and labs with
models , specimens and charts .

5
 EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Detail of cases observed during internship –

CASE 1 – The tragic incident involving a small child aged 1 to 1.5 years and boiling water ,
sustained severe burns from boiling water at home .the child accidentally overturned a pot of
boiling water while playing in the kitchen , resulting in extensive burns to the body due to
which skin infection occurs and this infection mix in blood and child was alive for sometime
and unfortunately resulted in death .

Case 2 – In the aftermath of a collision between a person and a truck , the victim suffered
severe injuries . Additionally , internal bleeding occurred due to the force of the collision ,
causing damage to vital organs . The ribs cracked under the pressure , posing a threat to lung
function and exacerbating the internal injuries . Furthermore , blood clotting, brain
hemorrhage was detected , and this impact resulted in death .

Case 3 – In a rash driving case which resulting in death , in autopsy injuries observed are
multiple fractures such as, broken limbs or fractured skull, leg fractures . Internal injuries
such as organ damage and internal bleeding could occur and liver failure also observed .
Additionally , abrasions , lacerations and contusions covered victim’s body , indicating the
force of impact . These injuries collectively lead to death of a person .

6
Training in Clinical Medicine covering medico – legal injuries , physical and sexual assault b,
and poisoning cases , is offered by the department . additionally , the department manages
medico – legal cases , including case management activities such as gathering samples and
evidence and creating medico – legal reports . The department’s analytical toxicology lab
assists in the management of poisoning situations by identifying a variety of poisons in
patients who are admitted to SAIMS Hospital .
The goal of the forensic medicine and toxicology department is to provide the community
with the highest caliber medico – legal services research and teaching .

7
 THEORY
Weapons - Weapon, an instrument used in combat for the purpose of killing, injuring, or
defeating an enemy. A weapon may be a shock weapon, held in the hands, such as the club,
mace, or sword. It may also be a missile weapon, operated by muscle power (as with the
javelin, sling, and bow and arrow), mechanical power (as with the crossbow and catapult),
or chemical power (as with the rocket and missile and such guns as the cannon, rifle,
and pistol). Weapons may also be classified as conventional, destroying by kinetic energy (as
with the bullet) or by chemical energy (as with the bomb and grenade). The nonconventional
category comprises nuclear weapons, such as the atomic bomb and thermonuclear bomb, as
well as weapons of chemical warfare and biological warfare. All the aforementioned are
offensive weapons, but such defensive measures as fortification, armour, and the helmet have
also been considered weapons.

1. Blunt weapons - blunt instrument is any solid object used as a weapon, which
damages its target by applying direct mechanical force, and has no penetrating point
or edge, or is wielded so that the point or edge is not the part of the weapon that
inflicts the injury. Blunt instruments may be contrasted with edged weapons, which
inflict injury by cutting or stabbing, or projectile weapons, where the projectiles, such
as bullets or arrows, are accelerated to a damaging speed.

2. Sharp weapons - edged weapon, or bladed weapon is a melee weapon with a cutting
edge. Bladed weapons include swords, daggers, knives, and bayonets. Edged weapons
are used to cut, hack, or slash; some edged weapons (such as many kinds of swords)
may also permit thrusting and stabbing. Edged weapons contrast with blunt
weapons such as maces, and with thrusting weapons such as spears.

3. Heavy cutting weapons – a simple machine, as it is a type of wedge, or

dual inclined plane. This reduces the effort needed by the wood chopper. It splits the
wood into two parts by the pressure concentration at the blade. The handle of the axe
also acts as a lever allowing the user to increase the force at the cutting edge—not
using the full length of the handle is known as choking the axe. For fine chopping
using a side axe this sometimes is a positive effect, but for felling with a double bitted
axe it reduces efficiency.

4. Firearms - A firearm is a weapon that launches one or more projectiles at high

velocities using the rapid combustion of propellant within a confined chamber.
Firearms come in various forms, including handguns, rifles, shotguns, and machine
guns. They typically consist of a barrel for the projectile to travel through, a chamber
where the propellant is ignited, and a mechanism for loading, firing, and ejecting
cartridges. Firearms have been used for hunting, self-defense, law enforcement,
military purposes, and recreational shooting.

8
5. Explosives - Explosives are substances or devices that undergo rapid chemical or
physical changes, typically producing large volumes of gas and heat in a short period.
This rapid release of energy generates a shockwave, pressure, and heat, leading to an
explosion.

9
Injuries - Injury is physical harm or damage to the body, typically resulting from an accident,
violence, or other traumatic events. Injuries can range from minor cuts and bruises to more
severe conditions such as fractures, burns, or internal organ damage. They can occur
suddenly or develop over time due to repetitive stress or strain.

1. Abrasion - An abrasion injury, also known as a scrape or graze, occurs when the skin
is rubbed or scraped against a rough surface, resulting in the removal of the top layer
of skin. This type of injury is typically superficial and often occurs during falls,
collisions, or contact sports.

2. Contusion - A contusion injury, commonly known as a bruise, occurs when small

blood vessels near the skin's surface are damaged or broken, typically due to blunt
force trauma. This results in blood leaking into the surrounding tissues, causing
discoloration and tenderness at the site of the injury.

3. Laceration - A laceration injury is a type of wound characterized by a tear or cut in

the skin or another bodily tissue. Lacerations can vary in severity, from minor cuts
that only affect the superficial layers of the skin to deep wounds that penetrate into
underlying tissues, muscles, or organs. They can occur as a result of sharp or blunt
trauma, such as accidents, falls, sharp objects, or machinery.

4. Incision - An incision injury is a type of wound

characterized by a clean, straight cut or slice in the skin or another bodily tissue.
Unlike lacerations, which have irregular or jagged edges, incisions typically have
well-defined edges and are often made intentionally during surgical procedures or
medical interventions. However, incision injuries can also occur accidentally, such as

10
 when a sharp object penetrates the skin or when a person cuts themselves with a sharp
tool.

5. Stab injury - A stab injury, also known as a puncture wound or stab wound, occurs
when a sharp object, such as a knife, blade, or pointed instrument, penetrates the skin
and underlying tissues. Stab injuries can range in severity depending on the depth and
location of the wound, as well as the force and angle of the stabbing motion.

6. Chop injury - A chop injury refers to a type of injury caused by a sharp chopping
motion or blow from a heavy, bladed object such as an axe, machete, or cleaver. This
type of injury typically involves a deep cut or laceration resulting from the impact of
the bladed edge.

7. Penetration - penetration injury occurs when an object penetrates the body's tissues,
organs, or cavities, causing damage to internal structures. These injuries can vary
widely in severity depending on factors such as the size, shape, and velocity of the
penetrating object, as well as the location and depth of the penetration.

8. Perforation - A perforation injury refers to a type of injury characterized by the

creation of a hole or perforation in a bodily structure, such as a tissue, organ, or
membrane. Perforation injuries can occur in various parts of the body and can result

11
from different causes, including trauma, medical procedures, or underlying medical
conditions.

12
 AUTOPSY OBSERVATION

WHAT IS AN AUTOPSY ?

An autopsy is a medical examination of a body after death to find the cause — and
sometimes manner — of death. A pathologist trained to perform autopsies thoroughly
examines the inside and outside of the body.
The word “autopsy” comes from the greek word “ Autopsia ” which means “to see for
oneself.” People sometimes call an autopsy a post-mortem, especially in the UK “post-”
means “after,” and “mortem” means “death.”

WHEN IS AN AUTOPSY PERFORMED?

There are two main types of autopsies based on the reason for them: forensic autopsies and
clinical autopsies.

FORENSIC AUTOPSY
Forensic pathologists perform forensic autopsies (medicolegal autopsies) as a part of legal
investigations. “forensic” means “related to scientific methods of solving crimes.”
States in the US and countries across the world each have specific legal criteria for when a
death requires a forensic autopsy. But in general, this type of autopsy is typically necessary
when a death is:

 Unnatural (homicide, suicide or accident).

 Sudden or unexpected (especially in an infant or child).
 Suspicious.
 Unknown.
 Unwitnessed.
 Due to an acute (sudden and severe) workplace injury.
 Related to industrial hazards (like fires and toxic waste).
 Associated with medical or surgical treatment in which there’s alleged medical
negligence.
 Associated with anesthesia (such as from a surgery or procedure).

13
The legal authority that requires or directs a forensic autopsy varies across the world.
Examples include the:
 Coroner or medical examiner.
 Magistrate.
 Police.
 Procurator fiscal.

CLINICAL AUTOPSY

A hospital pathologist sometimes performs a clinical autopsy (pathological or

hospital-based autopsy) in cases of natural death to find and/or better understand the
cause of death. A natural death happens due to an internal factor that causes your body
to shut down. Examples include cancer, a heart attack and an infectious disease. It
means there was no external reason for the death, such as a fatal injury or drowning.
The deceased person’s next of kin (family members) may ask for this type of autopsy.
Or a healthcare provider may ask the next of kin for their consent to do a clinical
autopsy.

HOW LONG AFTER DEATH CAN AN AUTOPSY BE DONE?

Pathologists can do autopsies on bodies any time after death. However, the sooner, the
better. After 24 hours, organs and other body tissues start to deteriorate, which makes
it more difficult to perform certain tests and assess their accuracy.
Forensic pathologists can still do autopsies on decomposed or exhumed (removed
from burial in the ground) bodies. But the detail and extent of information (and/or
evidence) they can gather may be limited.

14
WHAT’S IN AN AUTOPSY REPORT?
An autopsy report includes details of all the observations, examinations and tests of
the body.

It typically states the cause of death and the general manner of death. Based on
scientific and medical evidence, the pathologist lists the manner of death as one of
five categories:

 Accident.
 Natural causes.
 Homicide.
 Suicide.
 Undetermined.

In some cases, a pathologist can’t find the cause of death despite a thorough autopsy.
This is called a negative or obscure autopsy. Advanced laboratory techniques that
become available in the future may help eventually determine the cause of death.

WHAT DOES AN AUTOPSY REPORT MEAN?

An autopsy report contains scientific observations and test results of a deceased
person’s body and anything on their body. A forensic autopsy alone can’t confirm how
a person died. The court of law in most countries has the final say on this matter.
Detectives and other legal representatives use the information in forensic autopsies,
along with other evidence that they’ve gathered, to infer how a death unfolded.
While pathologists have extensive knowledge and training, it’s important to remember
that they’re human just like the rest of us. Like everyone else, they may make
mistakes. Or they may not be able to uncover the exact cause of death. In some of
these cases, family members or legal authorities may request a second autopsy of the
body by a different pathologist.

15
HOW TO CREATE AN AUTOPSY REPORT ?

Creating an autopsy report requires meticulous attention to detail and adherence to

professional standards .here’s a basic outline :

1. Introduction : Start from basic information like the decedent’s name ,

Age, date and time of death and the reason for the autopsy .

2. External examination : Document the external appearance of the body ,

noting any injuries ,scars ,tattoos or abnormalities .

3. Internal examination : Detail the findings from the internal examination,

including organ weights , abnormalities and any injuries or diseases
discovered .

4. Histology : If tissue samples were taken , describe the histological findings

from microscope examination .

5. Toxicology : Include the results of any toxicology test performed , detailing

any drugs or toxins found in the body .

6. Cause of death : Provide a conclusion regarding the cause of death based on

the findings from examination .

7. Manner of death : determine the manner of death based on the investigation .

8. Opinions and recommendations : offer any additional opinions or

recommendations based on the autopsy findings .

9. Documentation and signature : ensure the report is properly documented

with date , signature of the pathologist performing the autopsy , and any other
relevant personnel involved .

16
 CONCLUSION

During my internship in forensic medicine and toxicology , I gained invaluable insights and
practical experience in the field . Through hands-on training and exposure to real-life cases , I
developed a comprehensive understanding of forensic techniques , toxicological analysis ,
and the legal aspects of forensic investigations .

17
ACHIEVEMENTS :

1. CASE INVOLVEMENT : I actively participated in the examination and

analysis of several forensic cases , including homicides , drug -related deaths
and accidents . This allowed me to apply theoretical knowledge to real -life
situations and contribute to the investigative process .
2. RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS : I conducted research on emerging trends
in forensic toxicology , contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the
field . This included studying new drug formulations , analytical techniques ,
and the interpretation of toxicological results .
3. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT : Through interactions with forensic
experts ,I honed my communication and teamwork skills . I also gained
insights into career opportunities and professional development pathways in
forensic medicine and toxicology .

18
 REFERENCE

 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/autopsy
 https://www.sriaurobindouniversity.edu.in/
 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-an-autopsy

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26