Application of the CA3028 and Integrated-Circuit

Semiconductor
RF Amplifiers in the HF and VHF Ranges
Application Note May 1998 AN5337

Introduction Q2 in Figure 2A, is then connected to the first through a low-val-

The CA3028A and CA3028B integrated circuits are single-
stage differential amplifiers. Each circuit also contains a
constant-current transistor and suitable biasing resistors. The
circuits are primarily intended for service in communications
systems operating at frequencies up to 100MHz with single
power supplies. This Note provides technical data and recom-
mended circuits for use of the CA3028A and CA3028B in the
following applications:
• RF Amplifier
• Autodyne Converter
ued DC impedance. In Figure 2A, the inductive winding of the
input transformer provides the low-resistance path. An RF
choke or low-valued resistor may be used in place of trans-
former coupling, but caution must be exercised because even
as little as 100Ω may cause serious unbalance in some appli-
cations. A single-ended output may be taken from terminal 6 or
terminal 8, or push-pull outputs from terminals 6 and 8. In
systems with a single power supply of up to 12V, terminal 7 is
connected to the highest positive potential for maximum gain.
Other operating points can be selected by application of a
varying bias voltage (AGC) to Q3 .

• IF Amplifier The circuit diagrams in Figure 2 illustrate the flexibility of the

CA3028A and CA3028B. Terminal connections are shown for a
• Limiter
differential amplifier driven from a controlled constant-current
In addition to the applications listed above, the CA3028A and source that has AGC capability, a cascode amplifier with con-
CA3028B are suitable for use in a wide range of applications in stant-impedance or conventional AGC capability, a converter, a
DC, audio, and pulse amplifier service; they have been used as mixer, and an oscillator. The cascode mode of operation is rec-
sense amplifiers, preamplifiers for low-level transducers, and ommended for applications that require higher gain. The
DC differential amplifiers. The CA3028B, which features tight differential mode is preferred when good limiting is required.
control of operating current, input offset voltage, and input bias
8 6
and offset current, is recommended for those applications in
which balance and operating conditions are important.
1 Q1 Q2 5
Circuit Description
7
The circuit diagram and terminal numbers for the CA3028A and 5kΩ R1
CA3028B are shown in Figure 1. The circuit is basically a sin- Q3
gle-stage differential amplifier composed of transistors Q1 and 2
Q2 driven from a constant-current source Q3. A single-ended 4
2.8kΩ R2
input may be connected to terminal 1 or terminal 5, or push-pull 500Ω R3
inputs to terminals 1 and 5. Each of these terminals must be
provided with a biasing network. Care must be taken to insure
that the bias voltages on terminals 1 and 5 are nearly equal 3
when balanced operation is desired. This can only be achieved
in practice by using a single voltage divider as shown in Figure
2A. Bias is first established on the base of one transistor, in this FIGURE 1. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM AND TERMINAL NUMBERS
FOR THE CA3028A, CA3028B
case Q1, through terminal 1. The base of the second transistor,
+VCC
+ VCC
8
8
AGC 1

1
EREF 5 CA3028A
IN
OR 6
5 CA3028A
+VCC 7 CA3028B
R 2R OR 6
CA3028B
2 +VCC
7 IN
+ VCC 3 4

+ VCC 3

FIGURE 2A. FIGURE 2B.

1 Copyright © Harris Corporation 1998

 Application Note 5337

+VCC 8

8 IF OUT
1
RFC
R 1 +VCC +VCC
5 CA3028A
R 2R
5 CA3028A OR 6
CA3028B OSC
VCC OR AGC OR 6 7 FREQ.
7 CA3028B
2R
2 +VCC
RF
+VCC IN 3 4
2
IN 3 4

CF

FIGURE 2C. FIGURE 2D.

+VCC
+VCC R 2R
+VCC R 2R
8
8
1
RF +VCC
IN 5
5 CA3028A RFC
IF CA3028A
OR OUT 1
OR 6
+VCC 7 CA3028B +VCC
7 CA3028B OUT

2
OSC +VCC
3 4 6
3
CF

FIGURE 2E. FIGURE 2F.

FIGURE 2. CONNECTIONS FOR THE CA3028A AND CA3028B FOR USE AS (A) A BALANCED DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER WITH A
CONTROLLED CONSTANT-CURRENT-SOURCE DRIVE AND AGC CAPABILITY; (B) A CASCODE AMPLIFIER WITH A
CONSTANT-IMPEDANCE AGC CAPABILITY; (C) A CASCODE AMPLIFIER WITH CONVENTIONAL AGC CAPABILITY;
(D) A CONVERTER; (E) A MIXER; (F) AN OSCILLATOR

2
 Application Note 5337

Operating Modes
The CA3028A and CA3028B integrated-circuit RF amplifiers For ease of design of systems using the CA3028A and
can be operated in either the differential mode or the cascode CA3028B, admittance or “y” parameters are shown in Figure 3
mode. Applications using the differential mode are for the differential mode and in Figure 4 for the cascode mode.
distinguished by high input impedance, good gain-control It should be noted that the y parameters of the more complex
characteristics, large input-signal-handling capability, and differential and cascode amplifier stages differ from those of
good limiting. simple common-emitter transistor stages.

0.4 40
COLLECTOR CURRENT OF EACH
TRANSISTOR ≅ 2.2mA
y12 ≅ g12 + jb12 30

CONDUCTANCE (g21) (mS)

SUSCEPTANCE (b21) OR
CONDUCTANCE (g12) (mS)
SUSCEPTANCE (b12) OR

0.3 -g21
COLLECTOR CURRENT OF
20
-b12 EACH TRANSISTOR ≅ 2.2mA
0.2 y21 ≅ g21 + jb21

10 b21
g12

0.1 0

-10
0 1 2 4 6 8 10 100
10 20 30 40 60 80 100
FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 3A. REVERSE TRANSADMITTANCE (Y12) FIGURE 3B. FORWARD TRANSADMITTANCE (Y21)

2 0.6 2.5
COLLECTOR CURRENT OF EACH COLLECTOR CURRENT OF
TRANSISTOR ≅ 2.2mA EACH TRANSISTOR ≅ 2.2mA
y22 ≅ g22 + jb22 0.5 y11 ≅ g11 + jb11
CONDUCTANCE (g11) (mS)
CONDUCTANCE (g22) (mS)

2
SUSCEPTANCE (b11) OR
SUSCEPTANCE (b22) (mS)

1.5
0.4
1.5
b11
1 0.3 g11
b22
1
g22
0.2
0.5
0.1 0.5

0 0 0
1 2 4 6 8 10 100 1 2 4 6 8 10 100
FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 3C. OUTPUT ADMITTANCE (Y22) FIGURE 3D. INPUT ADMITTANCE (Y11)
FIGURE 3. Y PARAMETERS OF THE CA3028A AND CA3028B IN THE DIFFERENTIAL-AMPLIFIER CONNECTION

6 2.5 40
STAGE COLLECTOR CURRENT ≅ 4.5mA STAGE COLLECTOR CURRENT ≅ 4.5mA
y11 ≅ g11 + jb11 y22 ≅ g22 + jb22 20
CONDUCTANCE (g11) (mS)

2.0
SUSCEPTANCE (b22) (mS)

CONDUCTANCE (g22) (µS)

SUSCEPTANCE (b11) OR

0
4 g22
1.5 -20
-40
b11
1.0
2 -60
g11
0.5 -80
b22
-100
0 0 -120
1 2 4 6 8 10 100 1 2 4 6 8 10 100
FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 4A. INPUT ADMITTANCE (Y11) FIGURE 4B. OUTPUT ADMITTANCE (Y22)

3
 Application Note 5337

0.25 20
STAGE COLLECTOR CURRENT ≅ 4.5mA STAGE COLLECTOR
y12 ≅ g12 + jb12 CURRENT ≅ 4.5mA
y12 ≅ g12 + jb12
0.20
CONDUCTANCE (g12) (µS)

CONDUCTANCE (g12) (µS)

SUSCEPTANCE (b12) OR

SUSCEPTANCE (b12) OR
15

0.15

g12 10
g12
0.10

-b12
5
0.05
-b12

0 0
1 2 4 6 8 10 10 20 40 60 80 100
FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 4C. REVERSE TRANSADMITTANCE (Y12) FIGURE 4D. REVERSE TRANSADMITTANCE (Y12)

100
STAGE COLLECTOR
CURRENT ≅ 4.5mA
y21 ≅ g21 + jb21
CONDUCTANCE (g21) (mS)

80
SUSCEPTANCE (b21) OR

g21

60

40 -b21

20

0
1 2 4 6 8 10 100
FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 4E. FORWARD TRANSADMITTANCE (Y21)

FIGURE 4. Y PARAMETERS OF THE CA3028A AND CA3028B IN THE CASCODE CONNECTION

For quick reference, values for input and output parallel RC net- amplifiers. Circuit layout is of paramount importance in both
works and transconductance values are listed in Table 1 for the modes because undesirable coupling admittances can be
differential amplifier and in Table 2 for the cascode amplifier. much greater than the CA3028A or CA3028B admittances.
Attention to layout and shielding is imperative if proper advan-
Although the reverse transfer admittance y12 of the CA3028A
tage is to be taken of the low feedback of the CA3028A and
or CA3028B is low for either cascode or differential operation,
CA3028B.
circuit-layout-induced instability can occur in high-gain
TABLE 1. CASCODE AMPLIFIER SUMMARY

INPUT PARALLEL OUTPUT PARALLEL

RC NETWORK RC NETWORK TRANSCONDUCTANCE
FREQUENCY
(MHz) RIN (Ω) CIN (pF) ROUT (Ω) COUT (pF) gm (mS)
10.7 900 22 -1.67 x 106 3.1 100
100 170 6.3 -5 x 105 3.5 14

TABLE 2. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LOAD RESISTANCES FOR NO SATURATION

VCC IC1 + IC2 MAXIMUM TUNED LOAD MAXIMUM RESISTIVE LOAD

(V) (mA) (RL = 2VCC /(IC1 + IC2)) (Ω) (Ω) (VCC /(IC1 + IC2))
+9 5.0 3.6K 1.8K
+12 6.8 3.5K 1.7K

4
 Application Note 5337

Differential Amplifier amplifiers. This limiting performance is achieved because the

constant-current transistor Q3 limits the circuit operating current
The differential amplifier shown in Figure 2A is designed for so that the collectors of the differential-pair transistors Q1 and
operation at 10.7MHz and 100MHz. Because the amplifier Q2 do not saturate. Table 3 shows the maximum permissible
consists essentially of a common-collector stage driving a com- load resistances for non-saturating operation when single
mon-base stage, the input admittance y11 , the output admit- supply voltages of 9V and 12V are used.
tance y22 , and the forward transfer admittance y22 are
When linear operation over a wide input-voltage range is imper-
decreased by a factor of two. The reverse transfer admittance
ative, AGC voltage may be applied to the constant-current
y12 is typically 140 times lower than that of a single common-
source Q3 at terminal 7. Gain-control capabilities are 60dB at
emitter transistor at 10.7MHz, and 10 times lower at 100MHz.
10.7MHz and 46dB at 100MHz, as shown in Figure 5B. Figure
As a result, the CA3028A and CA3028B can be aligned easily
5C shows curves of power gain and noise figure as a function
in IF strips without need for neutralization.
of AGC voltage. The combination of an optimum noise figure of
The transfer characteristic in Figure 5A shows the excellent 5.5dB and a power gain of 15dB at 100MHz makes this circuit
limiting capabilities of the CA3028A and CA3028B differential suitable for use as an RF amplifier in the commercial FM band.
3 40
VCC = +9V
VCC = +12
30
2.5
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VO)

20 FREQUENCY = 10.7MHz

POWER GAIN (dB)

2
VCC = +9V 10 FREQUENCY = 105MHz
1.5
0
1
-10
DIFFERENTIAL-AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION
0.5 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (TA) = 25oC -20
FREQUENCY (f) = 10.7MHz
-30
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 8 6 4 2 0
INPUT VOLTAGE (VIN) DC BIAS VOLTAGE ON TERMINAL 7 (V)

FIGURE 5A. FIGURE 5B.

20
FREQUENCY = 100MHz
POWER GAIN
NOISE FIGURE OR POWER GAIN (dB)

VCC = +9V

16

12

8 NOISE FIGURE

0
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
POSITIVE DC BIAS VOLTAGE ON TERMINAL 7 (V)

FIGURE 5C.
FIGURE 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CA3028A AND CA3028B IN THE DIFFERENTIAL-AMPLIFIER CONNECTION: 5A - 10.7MHz
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; 5B - AGC CAPABILITIES; 5C - POWER GAIN AS A FUNCTION OF NOISE FIGURE

5
 Application Note 5337
Cascode Amplifier
When the CA3028A or CA3028B is used in the cascode
configuration for RF-amplifier circuits, a common-emitter stage
drives a common-base stage. The input admittance y11 is
essentially that of a common-emitter stage, and the forward
transfer admittance y21 is that of a common-emitter stage times
the common-base alpha. Because of the high-impedance drive
source for the common-base stage, the output admittance y22
is quite low (0.6µS) at low frequencies. The reverse transfer
admittance y12 for the cascode circuit is 900 times less than
that for a single-stage common-emitter at 10.7MHz, and 35
times less at 100MHz. As in the differential amplifier, ease in
tuning is obtained without need for neutralization.
The transfer characteristic in Figure 6 shows the suitability of
the cascode configuration for AGC takeoff for FM front-end
controls.
CASCODE CONFIGURATION
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (TA) = 25oC
5 FREQUENCY (f) = 10.7MHz
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
4 VCC = +12V
3 VCC = +9V
2
1 cated. Therefore, a coefficient of critical coupling near 0.8 is
0 time delay. The triple-tuned converter filter alone provides sec-
0 0.05 0.1
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
FIGURE 6. TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS (CASCODE
CONFIGURATION)
Applications
The typical applications described below illustrate the use of
the CA3028A and CA3028B integrated-circuit RF amplifiers in
both the differential and the cascode modes.
10.7MHz Cascode IF Amplifier
Figure 7 shows an FM IF strip in which the CA3028A or
CA3028B is used in a high-gain, high-performance cascode
configuration in conjunction with a CA3012 integrated-circuit
wide-band amplifier. The CA3012 is used in the last stage
because of the high gain of 74dB input to the 400Ω-load ratio-
detector transformer T4 . An input of approximately 400µV is
required at the base of the CA3012 for -3dB below full limiting.
An impedance-transfer device and filter must be connected
between the CA3012 base (terminal 1) and the output of the
CA3028A or CA3028B (terminal 6). The insertion loss of this fil-
ter should be kept near 6dB (1:2 ratio of loaded to unloaded Q)
so that all possible gain can be realized up to the CA3012 base.
In addition to this insertion loss, a voltage step-down loss of
5.8dB in the interstage filter is unavoidable. Therefore, the total
voltage loss is approximately 9dB to 14dB, and an output of
1500 to 2000µV must be available from the CA3028A or
CA3028B to provide the required 400µV input to the CA3012.
6
The voltage gain of the CA3028A or CA3028B into a 3000Ω
load is determined as follows:
– y 21 100 × 10 – 3
V G = --------------------- = ------------------------------ = 300 = 49dB (EQ. 1)
y 22 + y L 0.33 × 10 – 3
This calculation indicated a sensitivity of 6.6µV at the CA3028A
or CA3028B base (terminal 2). This value cannot be realized,
however, because the CA3012 limits on noise peaks so that the
gain figure is reduced.
A sensitivity of 7.5µV was realized in the design shown in
Figure 7. The filter approach with high-gain integrated-circuit
chips differs from that for single, cascaded transistor stages in
that lumped selectivity is required rather than distributed
selectivity.
Special care must be exercised when second-channel
attenuation in the order of 45dB is required. Selectivity is then
proportioned as follows:
Interstage filter: double-tuned 220kHz at -3dB; coefficient of
critical coupling, 0.7; voltage loss, 8dB
Converter filter: triple-tuned, 220kHz at -3dB; coefficient of
critical coupling, 0.8; voltage loss, about 28dB
Because of input limiting in the CA3012, the interstage filter
exhibits a somewhat wider bandwidth than the 220kHz indi-
realized, which is optimum for minimum deviation from constant
0.15 ond-channel attenuation of 30dB to 33dB, while the interstage
filter contributes 8dB to 10dB. The filters described meet
requirements of both performance and economy.
The large collector swing that can be obtained in cascode
operation of the CA3028A or CA3028B makes it desirable to
take the AGC voltage from the collector or “hot” end of the IF
transformer for front-end gain control. The cascode stage then
operates primarily in its linear region, and excellent selectivity
(40dB) is maintained even for large signal inputs of approxi-
mately 0.4V. Front-end gain reduction is between 40dB and
50dB.
10.7MHz IF Strip Using Two CA3028A or CA3028B
Circuits
The 10.7MHz IF strip shown in Figure 8 uses two CA3028A or
CA3028B integrated circuits to provide less overall gain than
the circuit of Figure 7. The first integrated circuit is connected as
a cascode amplifier and yields voltage gain of 50dB; the sec-
ond integrated circuit is connected as a differential amplifier and
yields voltage gain of 42dB.
 Application Note 5337
.

VCC = +9V

150 68K 0.001µF

OUTPUT

4.7K 10K
47 82
330 pF
0.01µF 0.01µF
47

68

0.01µF
1 8 7 1.5K
10 8
1000
T3 330 6.8K +
T4 pF
50 5µF -
56 pF
CA3028A pF 50
OR pF 330
2 6 1 CA3012 5 pF
CA3028B
CASCODE 56 6.8K
680
pF
pF
2
1K
INPUT
3 4 5 3
0.01 0.01
µF µF 2K
0.01µF 0.01µF

+49dB

7.5µV ≈2100µV ≈400µV 2VRMS

T3: INTERSTAGE TRANSFORMER TRW #22486 OR EQUIVALENT
T4: RATIO DETECTOR TRW #22516 OR EQUIVALENT
AUDIO OUTPUT: 155mVRMS FOR 7.5µV ± 75kHz INPUT 3dB
BELOW KNEE OF TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC

FIGURE 7. 10.7MHz IF AMPLIFIER USING A CA3028A OR CA3028B IN THE CASCODE MODE

When a practical interstage transformer having a voltage
insertion loss of 9dB is used, overall gain is 83dB and the sensi-
tivity at the base of the first integrated circuit is 140µV. A less
sophisticated converter filter (double-tuned) could be employed
at the expense of about 26dB of second-channel attenua-
tion. If the voltage insertion loss of the converter filter is
assumed to be 18dB and the front-end voltage gain
(antenna to mixer collector) is 50dB, this receiver would
have an IHFM sensitivity of approximately 8µV.
(IHFM - Institute of High-Fidelity Manufacturers)
10.7MHz Differential-Amplifier IF Strip
Figure 9 shows a 10.7MHz medium-gain IF strip consisting of a
CA3028A or CA3028B connected as a differential amplifier and
a CA3012 wide-band amplifier. As in the circuit shown in Figure
7, an input of approximately 1500µV is required to the inter
stage filter. The differential-mode voltage gain of the CA3028A
or CA3028B into a 3000Ω load is determined as follows:
– y 21 35 × 10 – 3
V G = --------------------- = ------------------------------ = 92.5 = 39.3dB
y 22 + y L 0.38 × 10 – 3
This voltage gain requires that an input of approximately 15mV
be available at the base of the CA3028A or CA3028B
differential amplifier.
Even if a triple-tuned filter having a voltage insertion loss of
28dB is used in a low-gain front end, a receiver having an IHFM
sensitivity of 5µV results. If 26dB second-channel attenuation is
permissible, a 3µV-sensitivity IHFM receiver can be realized.
88MHz to 108MHz FM Front End
Figure 10 illustrates the use of the CA3028A or CA3028B as an
RF amplifier and a converter in an 88 to 108MHz FM front end.
For best noise performance, the differential mode is used and
the base of the constant-current source Q3 is biased for a
power gain of 15dB. The RF amplifier input circuit is adjusted
for an insertion loss of 2dB to keep the noise figure of the front
end low. Because the insertion loss of the input transformer
adds directly to the integrated-circuit noise figure of 5.5dB, the
noise figure for the front end alone is 7.5dB, as compared to
noise figures of about 6dB for commercial FM tuners.
Although a single-tuned circuit is shown between the collector
of the RF-amplifier stage and the base of the converter stage, a
double-tuned circuit is preferred to reduce spurious response of
the converter. If the double-tuned circuit is critically coupled for
(EQ. 2)
the same 3dB bandwidth as the single-tuned circuit, the inser-
tion loss remains the same.

7
 Application Note 5337

VCC = +9V
68K 0.001µF
OUTPUT
150
4.7K 10K

47 82 1K 0.01
µF
0.01µF 0.01µF

68

1 8 7 1500Ω
8 7
1K
330 6.8K +
T4 pF
T3 50 5µF -
56 pF
CA3028A pF CA3028A 50
OR OR pF 330
2 CA3028B 6 1 CA3028B 6 pF
680 CASCODE 56 DIFF. AMP 6.8K
pF pF
5
1K
INPUT
3 4 5 3
0.01 0.01
µF µF 2K 2K 0.01µF

140µV 44.5mV 15.8mV 2VRMS

T3: INTERSTAGE TRANSFORMER TRW #22486 OR EQUIVALENT

T4: RATIO DETECTOR TRW #22516 OR EQUIVALENT
AUDIO OUTPUT: 155mVRMS FOR 140µV ± 75kHz INPUT 3dB
BELOW KNEE OF TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC

FIGURE 8. 10.7MHz IF STRIP USING TWO CA3028A OR CA3028B INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

8
 Application Note 5337

VCC = +9V
68K 0.001µF
OUTPUT
150
4.7K 10K

82 330
pF
1K 0.01µF

47
68
0.01µF

8 7 1.5K
10 8

T4 330 6.8K +
pF
5µF -
T3 50
pF 50
0.001µF CA3028A
OR 56 pF 330
1 6 pF 1 CA3012 5 pF
CA3028B 56
DIFF. AMP. 6.8K
50 pF
5 2
1K
INPUT
3 0.01µF
3
0.01
µF 2K
0.01µF

15µV 1500µV 400µV 2VRMS

T3: INTERSTAGE TRANSFORMER TRW #22486 OR EQUIVALENT

T4: RATIO DETECTOR TRW #22516 OR EQUIVALENT
AUDIO OUTPUT: 155mVRMS FOR 15µV ± 75kHz INPUT 3 dB
BELOW KNEE OF TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC

FIGURE 9. 10.7MHz IF STRIP USING A CA3028A OR CA3028B IN THE DIFFERENTIAL MODE

The collector of the RF stage is tapped down on the interstage Measured gain into the collector of the converter is 42dB. The
coil at approximately 1500Ω, and the base of the converter measured voltage gain of the RF amplifier and converter into a
stage at 150Ω. RF voltage gain is computed as follows: 10,000Ω load is 52dB; calculated gain is 50dB. When the con-
verter is tuned for the commercial FM band (88MHz to
Antenna to base 0dB
108MHz), the following parameters apply:
Base to collector 22dB
Input resistance (RIN) 170Ω
Voltage insertion loss of interstage coil -13dB
Input capacitance (CIN) 6.3pF
Net RF voltage gain 9dB
Output resistance (ROUT) 80kΩ
If an IF converter transformer having an impedance of Output capacitance (COUT) 3.5pF
10,000Ω is used, the calculated voltage conversion gain is:
– y 21 Conversion transconductance 13mS
V GC = --------------------- = 112 = 41.3dB (EQ. 3)
y 22 + y L The RF amplifier and converter shown in Figure 10 were
combined with the IF amplifier shown in Figure 7, and the
following performance data were measured at 100MHz:

30dB (S + N)/N IHFM Sensitivity 3µV

Image Rejection 46dB
Receiver noise figure is the limiting factor that permits a
sensitivity of only 3µV to be realized.

9
 T2

1pF
27
pF
TO
1µH IF
0.001 STRIP
µF
CV CV CV
1 2 3
50
10.7MHz 27
T1 pF
4 5 1
10
10

pF 82
L1 pF
L2 L3
CA3028A 15 CA3028A
470pF pF OR
300Ω OR
1 CA3028B 6 8 CA3028B 6
DIFF. AMP. 10 CONVERTER
pF
1µH 0.001
µF 0.001
5 2 µF
0.001
µF

Application Note 5337

7 3 8 100 0.001 3 7 1
0.001 µF
µF
0.001 0.001
1000 µF µF 2K

2K 1.2K 47 1K 150

VCC = +9V
0dB +22dB -13dB +41dB

+50dB

L1 : 3-3/4 T #18 TINNED COPPER WIRE; LENGTH 5/16” ON 9/32” FORM;

TAPPED AT 1-3/4 T; PRIMARY - 2 TURNS #30 SE
L2 : 3-3/4 T #18 TINNED COPPER WIRE; LENGTH 5/16” ON 9/32” FORM;
TAPPED AT 6 2-1/4 T, A 3/4T
CV
1-3 : VARIABLE ∆ C ≈ 15pF
T1 : MIXER TRANSFORMER TRW #22484 OR EQUIVALENT
T2 : INPUT TRANSFORMER TRW #22485 OR EQUIVALENT
L3 : 3-1/2T #18 TINNED COPPER WIRE; WINDING LENGTH 5/16” ON 9/32” FORM

FIGURE 10. 88MHz to 108MHz FM FRONT END