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Otolaryngologymilestones 2022
Otolaryngologymilestones 2022
Surgery Milestones
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
The Milestones are designed only for use in evaluation of residents in the context of their participation in
ACGME-accredited residency programs. The Milestones provide a framework for the assessment of the
development of the resident in key dimensions of the elements of physician competence in a specialty or
subspecialty. They neither represent the entirety of the dimensions of the six domains of physician competency,
nor are they designed to be relevant in any other context.
Work Group
Cristina Cabrera-Muffly, MD R. Peter Manes, MD
Cristen Cusumano, MD Bradley Marple, DM
Laura Edgar, EdD, CAE Liana Puscas, MD
Michael Freeman, MD Maja Svrakic, MD, MSEd
Dinchen Jardine, MD Marc Thorne, MD, MPH
Judith Lieu, MD, MSPH Thomas Worsley
The ACGME would like to thank the following organizations for their continued support in the
development of the Milestones:
American Board of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
Otolaryngology Program Directors Organization
Review Committee for Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
This document presents the Milestones, which programs use in a semi-annual review of resident performance, and then report to
the ACGME. Milestones are knowledge, skills, attitudes, and other attributes for each of the ACGME Competencies organized in a
developmental framework. The narrative descriptions are targets for resident performance throughout their educational program.
Milestones are arranged into levels. Tracking from Level 1 to Level 5 is synonymous with moving from novice to expert resident in
the specialty or subspecialty. For each reporting period, the Clinical Competency Committee will review the completed evaluations
to select the milestone levels that best describe each learner’s current performance, abilities, and attributes for each
subcompetency.
These levels do not correspond with post-graduate year of education. Depending on previous experience, a junior resident may
achieve higher levels early in his/her educational program just as a senior resident may be at a lower level later in his/her
educational program. There is no predetermined timing for a resident to attain any particular level. Residents may also regress in
achievement of their milestones. This may happen for many reasons, such as over scoring in a previous review, a disjointed
experience in a particular procedure, or a significant act by the resident.
Selection of a level implies the resident substantially demonstrates the milestones in that level, as well as those in lower levels
(see the diagram on page vi).
Level 4 is designed as a graduation goal but does not represent a graduation requirement. Making decisions about readiness for
graduation and unsupervised practice is the purview of the program director. Furthermore, Milestones 2.0 include revisions and
changes that preclude using Milestones as a sole assessment in high-stakes decisions (i.e., determination of eligibility for
certification or credentialing). Level 5 is designed to represent an expert resident whose achievements in a subcompetency are
greater than the expectation. Milestones are primarily designed for formative, developmental purposes to support continuous
quality improvement for individual learners, education programs, and the specialty. The ACGME and its partners will continue to
evaluate and perform research on the Milestones to assess their impact and value.
Examples are provided for some milestones within this document. Please note: the examples are not the required element or
outcome; they are provided as a way to share the intent of the element.
Some milestone descriptions include statements about performing independently. These activities must occur in conformity to
ACGME supervision guidelines as described in the Program Requirements, as well as to institutional and program policies. For
example, a resident who performs a procedure independently must, at a minimum, be supervised through oversight.
A Supplemental Guide is also available to provide the intent of each subcompetency, examples for each level, assessment
methods or tools, and other available resources. The Supplemental Guide, like examples contained within the Milestones, is
designed only to assist the program director and Clinical Competency Committee, and is not meant to demonstrate any required
element or outcome.
Additional resources are available in the Milestones section of the ACGME website. Follow the links under “What We Do” at
www.acgme.org.
Escalates care of Describes the airway Initiates the airway Implements airway Develops anticipatory
emergency airway (e.g., management algorithm management algorithm management plan airway management plan
alerts airway team) from least to most from least to most
invasive invasive
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Assists with routine peri- Provides routine peri- Assists with routine Performs routine Performs operative
operative care for facial operative care for facial surgical management for surgical management management of complex
trauma patients trauma patients facial trauma for facial trauma, assists facial trauma
with complex facial
trauma
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Assists with routine peri- Provides routine peri- Assists with routine Performs routine Performs operative
operative care for operative care for patients surgical management for surgical management management of complex
patients with head and with head and neck head and neck neoplasm for head and neck head and neck neoplasm
neck neoplasm neoplasm disease, assists with
complex head and neck
neoplasm
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Assists with set-up, Elevates tympanomeatal Begins to perform middle Dissects middle ear Skeletonizes facial nerve,
performs placement of flap, performs cortical ear dissection structures, performs a sigmoid sinus, and dura,
ventilation tubes, and mastoidectomy facial recess approach, and begins to perform
opens and closes and performs an lateral temporal bone
postauricular incisions ossicular reconstruction resection
and cholesteatoma
dissection
Interprets routine Identifies surgical and Identifies normal and Interprets specialized Leads an otology patient
audiograms disease-relevant anatomy disease-relevant anatomy audiometric and care conference
on a computerized on a magnetic resonance vestibular testing
tomography (CT) scan imaging (MRI)
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Assists with routine Provides routine Assists with routine Performs routine Performs complex
perioperative care for perioperative care for surgical management for surgical management surgical management for
patients with rhinologic patients with rhinologic patients with rhinologic and assists with patients with rhinologic
disease disease disease complex surgical disease
management for
patients with rhinologic
disease
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Assists with routine Provides routine Assists with routine Performs routine Performs complex
perioperative care for perioperative care for surgical management for surgical management surgical management for
patients with laryngologic patients with laryngologic patients with laryngologic and assists with patients with laryngologic
disease disease, including both disease, including direct complex surgical disease, including
direct and indirect laryngoscopy, management for laryngotracheal
laryngoscopy microlaryngeal patients with reconstruction and
techniques, and vocal fold laryngologic disease arytenoid procedures
injections
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Assists with pediatric Performs routine pediatric Performs routine pediatric Performs airway and Performs complex
otolaryngology procedures on typical procedures on atypical soft tissue pediatric pediatric otolaryngology
procedures patients (e.g., ear tube patients (e.g., syndromic), procedures; assists with procedures
placement, tonsillectomy, and airway and soft tissue complex pediatric
adenoidectomy) pediatric otolaryngology procedures
procedures (e.g.,
bronchoscopy, branchial
cleft excision)
Provides routine peri- Recognizes and initiates Manages routine Manages uncommon Serves as a peer
operative care for work-up of routine complications and complications of resource for managing
pediatric otolaryngology complications of treatment recognizes complex treatment uncommon/infrequent
procedures complications of treatment complications associated
with pediatric procedures
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Assists with routine peri- Provides routine peri- Assists with routine Performs routine Performs operative
operative care for operative care for patients surgical management for surgical management management of complex
patients receiving head receiving head and neck head and neck for patients requiring head and neck
and neck aesthetic/functional aesthetic/functional head and neck aesthetic/functional
aesthetic/functional surgery surgery aesthetic/functional surgery
surgery surgery
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Assists with routine peri- Provides routine peri- Assists with routine Performs common Performs complex
operative care for sleep operative care for sleep surgical management of surgical management of surgical management of
surgery patients surgery patients sleep disorders sleep disorders sleep disorders
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Articulates the steps of Articulates the Articulates the steps of Articulates the Teaches complex
common operations implications of varying complex operations implications of varying variations of anatomy and
anatomy on the steps of anatomy on the steps of implications for surgical
common operations complex operations approaches
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Explains common clinical Explains common Articulates a treatment Determines Synthesizes data to
manifestations of complications and plan for clinical appropriateness of modify testing strategies
hypersensitivity and comorbid conditions manifestations of allergic antigen-specific and treatment for
allergic disease associated with allergic rhinitis immunotherapy difficult/high-risk patients
disease
Describes the potential Demonstrates knowledge Describes the early signs Describes the basic Describes advanced
severity of severe of risk factors associated of anaphylaxis and/or intervention and treatment of anaphylaxis
allergic responses with systemic reaction to systemic reaction treatment of
allergen exposure anaphylaxis
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Demonstrates Reports patient safety Participates in disclosure Discloses patient safety Role models or mentors
knowledge of how to events through of patient safety events to events to patients and others in the disclosure of
report patient safety institutional reporting patients and families families (simulated or patient safety events
events systems (simulated or (simulated or actual) actual)
actual)
Demonstrates Describes local quality Participates in local Demonstrates the skills Creates, implements, and
knowledge of basic improvement initiatives quality improvement required to identify, assesses quality
quality improvement initiatives develop, implement, improvement initiatives at
methodologies and and analyze a quality the institutional or
metrics improvement project community level
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Identifies key elements Performs safe and Performs safe and Role models and Improves quality of
for safe and effective effective transitions of effective transitions of advocates for safe and transitions of care within
transitions of care and care/hand-offs in routine care/hand-offs in complex effective transitions of and across health care
hand-offs clinical situations clinical situations care/hand-offs within delivery systems to
and across health care optimize patient outcomes
delivery systems
including outpatient
settings
Demonstrates Identifies specific Uses local resources Participates in changing Leads innovations and
knowledge of population population and community effectively to meet the and adapting practice to advocates for populations
and community health health needs and needs of a patient provide for the needs of and communities with
needs and disparities inequities for their local population and community specific populations health care inequities
population
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Describes basic health Delivers care with Engages with patients in Advocates for patient Participates in health
payment systems, consideration of each shared decision making, care needs (e.g., policy advocacy activities
including government, patient’s payment model informed by each patient’s community resources,
private, public, uninsured (e.g., insurance type) payment models patient assistance
care, and practice resources) with
models consideration of the
limitations of each
patient’s payment model
Identifies basic Describes core Demonstrates use of Analyzes individual Educates others to
knowledge domains for administrative knowledge information technology practice patterns and prepare them for
effective transition to needed for transition to required for medical professional transition to practice
practice (e.g., practice (e.g., contract practice (e.g., electronic requirements in
information technology, negotiations, malpractice health record, preparation for practice
legal, billing and coding, insurance, government documentation required
financial, personnel) regulation, compliance) for billing and coding)
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Practice-Based Learning and Improvement 2: Reflective Practice and Commitment to Personal Growth
Identifies the factors Analyzes and reflects on Analyzes, reflects on, and Challenges Coaches others on
which contribute to the factors which institutes behavioral assumptions and reflective practice
gap(s) between contribute to gap(s) change(s) to narrow the considers alternatives in
expectations and actual between expectations and gap(s) between narrowing the gap(s)
performance actual performance expectations and actual between expectations
performance and actual performance
Actively seeks Designs and implements Independently creates Uses performance data Facilitates the design and
opportunities to improve a learning plan, with and implements a to measure the implementing learning
prompting learning plan effectiveness of the plans for others
learning plan and when
necessary, improves it
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Demonstrates Analyzes straightforward Analyzes complex Recognizes and uses Identifies and seeks to
knowledge of the ethical situations using ethical situations using ethical appropriate resources address system-level
principles underlying principles principles and recognizes for managing and factors that induce or
patient care, including need to seek help in resolving ethical exacerbate ethical
informed consent, managing and resolving dilemmas as needed problems or impede their
surrogate decision complex ethical situations resolution
making, advance
directives, confidentiality,
error disclosure,
stewardship of limited
resources, and related
topics
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Professionalism 2: Accountability/Conscientiousness
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
This subcompetency is not intended to evaluate a resident’s well-being. Rather, the intent is to ensure that each resident has the
fundamental knowledge of factors that affect well-being, the mechanisms by which those factors affect well-being, and available resources
and tools to improve well-being.
Identifies common barriers Identifies complex barriers When prompted, reflects Independently Role models self-
to effective to effective communication on personal biases while recognizes personal awareness while identifying
communication (e.g., (e.g., health literacy, attempting to minimize biases while attempting a contextual approach to
language, disability) while cultural) communication barriers to proactively minimize minimize communication
accurately communicating communication barriers barriers
own role within the health
care system
Identifies the need to Organizes and initiates With guidance, sensitively Independently, uses Role models shared
adjust communication communication with and compassionately shared decision making decision making in
strategies based on patient/family by delivers medical to align patient/family patient/family
assessment of introducing stakeholders, information, elicits values, goals, and communication including
patient/family expectations setting the agenda, patient/family values, preferences with those with a high degree of
and understanding of their clarifying expectations, and goals, and preferences, treatment options to uncertainty/conflict
health status and verifying understanding of and acknowledges make a personalized
treatment options the clinical situation uncertainty and conflict care plan
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Uses language that Communicates Uses active listening to Communicates Facilitates health care
values all members of information effectively adapt communication feedback and team-based feedback in
the health care team with all health care team style to fit team needs constructive criticism to complex situations
members superiors
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Safeguards patient Documents required data Appropriately selects Achieves written or Guides departmental or
personal health in formats specified by direct (e.g., telephone, in- verbal communication institutional
information institutional policy person) and indirect (e.g., (e.g., patient notes, communication around
progress notes, text email) that serves as an policies and procedures
messages) forms of example for others to
communication based on follow
context
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1