Example 1: Order fulfillment (February 16th.

, 2021)

Using gateways “XOR”, “AND” and “two end events”

The narration:

The process starts whenever a purchase order has been received from a customer. The purchase
order is only confirmed if the product is in stock, otherwise the process completes by rejecting the
order.

If the order is confirmed, the shipment address is received and the requested product is shipped
meanwhile the invoice is emitted and the payment is received.

Afterwards, the order is archived and the process completes.

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Example 2: Invoice checking (February 14th., 2021)

Using an “XOR” gateway

The narration:

As soon as an invoice is received from a customer, it needs to be checked for mismatches.

The check may result in any of the following three options:

(i) there are no mismatches, in which case the invoice is posted;

(ii) there are mismatches but these can be corrected, in which case the invoice is resent to
the customer; and

(iii) there are mismatches but these cannot be corrected, in which case the invoice is
blocked.

Once one of these three activities is performed the invoice is parked and the process completes.

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Example 3: Loan origination process (February 14th., 2021)

Using an “XOR” gateway

The narration:

Once a loan application has been approved by the loan provider, an acceptance pack is prepared,
and sent to the customer.

The acceptance pack includes a repayment schedule which the customer needs to agree upon by
sending the signed documents back to the loan provider.

The latter (i.e. Loan provider) then verifies the repayment agreement:

(i) If the applicant disagreed with the repayment schedule, the loan provider cancels the
application;

(ii) if the applicant agreed, the loan provider approves the application.

In either cases, the process completes with the loan provider notifying the applicant of the
application status.

That ends the loan origination process.

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Example 4: Security Check process at an airport (February 16th., 2021)

Using the parallel “AND” gateway

The narration:

Once the boarding pass has been received , passengers proceed to the security check.

Here they need to pass the personal security screening and the luggage screening.

Afterwards, they can proceed to the departure level.

That ends the process.

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Example 5: Order fulfillment (February 16th., 2021)

Using gateways “XOR”, “AND” and “two end events”

The narration:

The process starts whenever a purchase order has been received from a customer. The purchase
order is only confirmed if the product is in stock, otherwise the process completes by rejecting the
order.

If the order is confirmed, the shipment address is received and the requested product is shipped
meanwhile the invoice is emitted and the payment is received.

Afterwards, the order is archived and the process completes.

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Example 6: Order fulfillment (February 21st., 2021)

Using gateways “XOR”, “AND” and “OR”

The narration:

The process starts whenever a purchase order has been received from a customer. The purchase
order is only confirmed if the product is in stock, otherwise the if the product is not in stock it needs
to be manufactured before the order handling can continue.

To manufacture a product, the required raw materials have to be ordered. Two preferred suppliers
provide different types of raw materials. Depending on the product to be manufactured , raw
materials may be ordered from either Supplier 1 or Supplier 2 , or from both.

Once the raw materials are available, the product can be manufactured and the order can be
confirmed.

On the other hand , if the product is in stock, it is retrieved from the warehouse before confirming
the order.

If the order is confirmed, the shipment address is received and the requested product is shipped
meanwhile the invoice is emitted and the payment is received.

Afterwards, the order is archived and the process completes.

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Example 7: February 25th., 2021)

Invoice checking (Example 2) taken before is required to be modified with data objects added to it.

The narration:

Add the necessary data objects associated with one or two tasks of the Invoice checking process
modelled before.

Hint: Add invoice, invoice [checked], invoice [parked] and invoice DB.

Example 2: Invoice checking (February 14th., 2021)

Using an “XOR” gateway

The narration:

As soon as an invoice is received from a customer, it needs to be checked for mismatches.

The check may result in any of the following three options:

(i) there are no mismatches, in which case the invoice is posted;

(ii) there are mismatches but these can be corrected, in which case the invoice is resent to
the customer; and

(iii) there are mismatches but these cannot be corrected, in which case the invoice is
blocked.
Once one of these three activities is performed the invoice is parked and the process completes.

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Example 8: (February 25th., 2021) Using data objects and data Associations:

Modify the diagram modelled before for the order fulfillment process (ie: Example 6) by adding the
necessary data objects as needed and associating them properly with their corresponding tasks.

Hint-1: Observe the direction of the open arrow head of the association to reflect proper direction
(input or output) when associating a data object with a task.

Hint-2: Add purchase order, purchase order [ confirmed], invoice, Purchase order [paid], Warehouse
DB, product warehouse and Orders DB , to mention a few.

Example 6: Order fulfillment (February 21st., 2021)

Using gateways “XOR”, “AND” and “OR”

The narration:

The process starts whenever a purchase order has been received from a customer. The purchase
order is only confirmed if the product is in stock, otherwise the if the product is not in stock it needs
to be manufactured before the order handling can continue.

To manufacture a product, the required raw materials have to be ordered. Two preferred suppliers
provide different types of raw materials. Depending on the product to be manufactured , raw
materials may be ordered from either Supplier 1 or Supplier 2 , or from both.

Once the raw materials are available, the product can be manufactured and the order can be
confirmed.

On the other hand , if the product is in stock, it is retrieved from the warehouse before confirming
the order.

If the order is confirmed, the shipment address is received and the requested product is shipped
meanwhile the invoice is emitted and the payment is received.

Afterwards, the order is archived and the process completes.

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Example 9: (March 2nd., 2021) Further modification for the order fulfillment by adding Resources:

Modify the order fulfillment process model by adding the resources involved in the performance of that process activities.

Hint: Add a resource class (Example: An organizational unit like Sales Department)

Hint: Add a process participant (Example: warehouse Staff).

Hint: Add a software system or a pieces of equipment ( Example : ERP system or a printer).

Example 8: (February 25th., 2021) Using data objects and data Associations:

Modify the diagram modelled before for the order fulfillment process (ie: Example 6) by adding the necessary data objects as needed and
associating them properly with their corresponding tasks.

Hint-1: Observe the direction of the open arrow head of the association to reflect proper direction (input or output) when associating a
data object with a task.

Hint-2: Add purchase order, purchase order [ confirmed], invoice, Purchase order [paid], Warehouse DB, product warehouse and Orders
DB , to mention a few.

Example 6: Order fulfillment (February 21st., 2021)

Using gateways “XOR”, “AND” and “OR”

The narration:

The process starts whenever a purchase order has been received from a customer. The purchase order is only confirmed if the product is
in stock, otherwise the if the product is not in stock it needs to be manufactured before the order handling can continue.

To manufacture a product, the required raw materials have to be ordered. Two preferred suppliers provide different types of raw
materials. Depending on the product to be manufactured , raw materials may be ordered from either Supplier 1 or Supplier 2 , or from
both.

Once the raw materials are available, the product can be manufactured and the order can be confirmed.

On the other hand , if the product is in stock, it is retrieved from the warehouse before confirming the order.If the order is confirmed, the
shipment address is received and the requested product is shipped meanwhile the invoice is emitted and the payment is received.

Afterwards, the order is archived and the process completes.

Solution to Example 9: Divide the main pool to 3 lanes, each lane represents one resource.

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Example 10: (March 4th., 2021)

Narration:

Modify Example 9 that shows the order fulfillment process as just one pool with 3 lanes, by adding to it three other
pools representing:

1. Supplier 1
2. Supplier 2
3. Customer

Show on the diagram 5 message flows between pools as follows:

1. Purchase order from Customer to Seller and mark it as message event.

2. Raw materials request from Seller to Supplier 1.
3. Raw materials from Supplier 1 to the Seller.
4. Invoice from the seller to the Customer.
5. Payment from the Customer to the Seller.

Note:

1. Use a bold font and dark blue color to distinguish such message flows for sake of readability.
2. Validate your diagram to check that is error free.
3. Save it as Example 10.

Solution : see Example 10 a and 10 b (Bizagi model) under solved examples on LMS, provided by Your Instructor Ashraf
Youssef. (The Seller is the only white box pool (Private process) that shows all the details of activities and events) while
the Customer and Supplier 1 are the two black box pools (Public processes) with hidden details.

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Example 11: (March 7th., 2021)

Narration:

Modify Example 9 that shows the order fulfillment process as just one pool with 3 lanes, by adding to it three other
pools representing:

4. Supplier 1
5. Supplier 2
6. Customer

Show on the diagram 5 message flows between pools as follows:

6. Purchase order from Customer to Seller and mark it as message event.

7. Raw materials request from Seller to Supplier 2.
8. Raw materials from Supplier 2 to the Seller.
9. Shipping address from the Customer to the Seller.
10. Product [ packaged] from the seller to the Customer.

Note:

4. Use a bold font and dark green color to distinguish such message flows for sake of readability.
5. Validate your diagram to check that is error free.
6. Save it as Example 10.

Solution : see Example 11 (Bizagi model) under solved examples on LMS, provided by Your Instructor Ashraf Youssef.
(The Seller is the only white box pool (Private process) that shows all the details of activities and events) while the
Customer and Supplier 2 are the two black box pools (Public processes) with hidden details.

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Example 12-b (March 11th, 2021)
Replace the loop back branch of the Repitition block of example 12 a with a LOOP ACTIVITY.

Solution (Example 12-b):

1. Start with example 12-a

2. Replace the three yellow highlighted activities of the loop back branch by another subprocess activity. Let’s
call it: (APPROVE THE TA GRADE)-----Diagram 1 of 12-b.
3. Show the details of that subprocess in a separate diagram (Diagram 2) and these details are:
A start event within the subprocess (Report received) , an end event within the subprocess (Grade approved)
PLUS the three yellow highlighted activities of the loop back branch.
4. Validate and save your work.

Example 12a. on Repetition Block: (Homework grade recorded) (March 2 nd., 2021)Model the process using
a repetition block.

The narration:
The process starts whenever a Homework assignment is solved by a student. The first activity that is carried out is that the
student submits her report to the Course Instructor.

Next, a TA checks the report received. The TA assigns a grade to the student based on her own assessment.

Afterwards, the Course Instructor checks the tentative grading of his TA, and if not satisfied, he returns the tentatively
graded report to the TA for further checking. Otherwise, he officially records the student’s grade.

Hint:

The property of a decision block is that the last of its activities must be a decision activity (here it is Course Instructor
reviews the TA’s grade), and its outcomes are Grade approved (in this case we continue with the process) and Grade not
approved (in this case we go back).

This will allow us to decide whether to go back before the repetition block starts ( that is before the activity TA checks
report received) , so that this can be repeated, or continue with the rest of the process ( in this example , it is simply the
end event (grade officially recorded).

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