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Wave Optics 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 9
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INTERFERENCE : YDSE

• Resultant intensity for

coherent sources
I = I1 + I 2 + 2 I1I 2 cos 

( )
2
I max = I1 + I 2

( )
2
I min = I1 − I 2

• For nth bright fringe

 Path difference Dx = nl

 Distance of nth bright fringe

nlD
yn =
d
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• For nth dark fringe
l
 Path difference Dx = ( 2n − 1)
2
 Distance of nth dark fringe
( 2n − 1) lD
yn =
2d
lD
• Fringe width  =
d
 l
• Angular fringe width  = =
D d
I max − I min
• Fringe visibility =  100%
I max + I min
• Effect of thin slab in YDSE

 Path difference by slab Dx = (m – 1)t

 D
 Fringe shift, Dy = ( m − 1) t = ( m − 1) t
l d
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DIFFRACTION
• For nth minima
 Path difference Dx = asinq = nl
nlD
 yn = : ( if q is small )
a
• For nth maxima
l
 Path difference Dx = asinq = (2n+1)
2
( 2n + 1) lD :
 yn = ( if q is small )
2a
2l D
• Width of central maxima = 2 =
a
POLARISATION

• Law of Malus : I = I0cos2q

• Brewster's Law : m = tan ip

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 l
• Angular fringe width  = = DIFFRACTION
D d
I −I • For nth minima
• Fringe visibility = max min  100%
I max + I min  Path difference Dx = asinq = nl
• Effect of thin slab in YDSE nlD
 yn = : ( if q is small )
a
 Path difference by slab Dx = (m – 1)t • For nth maxima
 D l
 Fringe shift, Dy = ( m − 1) t = ( m − 1) t  Path difference Dx = asinq = (2n+1)
l d 2
( 2n + 1) lD :
 yn = ( if q is small )
2a
2l D
• Width of central maxima = 2 =
a
POLARISATION

• Law of Malus : I = I0cos2q

• Brewster's Law : m = tan ip

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Q.1(A) In the Young's double-slit experiment, the intensity of light at a point on the screen where
the path difference is λ is K, (λ being the wave length of light used). The intensity at a
point where the path difference is λ/4, will be :

;ax ds f}&f>jhZ ç;ksx es]a insZ ds fdlh fcanq ij λ iFkkarj gksus ls] ogk¡ çdk'k dh rhozrk 'K' gS]
¼'λ' ç;qä çdk'k dh rjaxnS/;Z gS½A rks insZ ds ml fcanq ij tgk¡ iFkkarj λ/4 gSa] rhozrk gksxh :
(1) K (2) K/4 (3) K/2 (4) Zero

Ans. 3
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Sol.
For path difference λ, phase difference = 2π rad
l 
For path difference , phase difference = rad
4 2
l
As K = 4I0. So, intensity at given point where path difference is
4
 K
K ' = 4I0 cos 2   = 2I 0 =
4 2
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Q.1(B) In Young’s double slit experiment, light from two identical sources are superimposing on a
7l
screen. The path difference between the two lights reaching at a point on the screen is .
4
The ratio of intensity of fringe at this point with respect to the maximum intensity of the
fringe is :

;ax f}f>jhZ iz;ksx esa nks ,d leku L=ksrksa ls izdk”k ,d insZ ij v/;kjksfir gksrk gSA insZ ds ,d
7l
fcUnq ij igq¡pus okyh nks izdk”k rjaxksa ds chp iFkkUrj gSA fÝUt dh vf/kdre rhozrk ds lkis{k
4
bl fcUnq ij fÝUt dh rhozrk vuqikr gS %

(1) 1/2 (2) 3/4 (3) 1/3 (4) 1/4

Ans. 1
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Sol.
7l
Dx =
4
2 2 7l 7 
= Dx =  =
l l 4 2

I = I max cos 2  
2
1   7  2  7 
= cos 2   = cos 2   = cos  
I max 2  22   4 

= cos 2
4
1
=
2
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Q.1(C) Intensity of central fringe in interference pattern is 0.01 W/m2 then find intensity at a point
having path difference λ/3 on screen (in mW/m2) :

O;frdj.k çfr:i esa dsUæh; fÝat dh rhozrk 0.01 W/m2 gS rks insZ ij λ/3 iFkkUrj okys fcUnq ij
rhozrk ¼mW/m2 esa½ gksxh
(1) 2.5 (2) 5 (3) 7.5 (4) 10

Ans. 1
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Sol.
2
= Dx
l
2
= l / 3 = 2 / 3
l
I = I0cos 2 / 2
I = 0.01 cos 2 (  / 3)
I = 2.5 mW / m 2
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Q.2(A) Two coherent sources of different intensities send waves which interfere. If the ratio of
maximum and minimum intensity in the interference pattern is 25 then find ratio of
intensities of sources :

vyx&vyx rhozrkvksa okys nks dyk lEc) lzksrks ls rajxs çkIr gksrh gS ftuesa O;frdj.k gksrk gSA
;fn ifj.kkeh O;frdj.k çfr:i esa vf/kdre rFkk U;wure rhozrk dk vuqikr 25 gS lzksrksa dh
rhozrkvksa dk vuqikr gksxk %
(1) 25 : 1 (2) 5 : 1 (3) 9 : 4 (4) 25 : 16

Ans. 3
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Sol.
2 2
I max  I + I2  25  I1 + I 2 
= 1  =
I min  I − I  1  I − I 
 1 2   1 2 

5 I + I2
= 1
1 I1 − I 2
I1 3 I1 9
= or =
I2 2 I2 4
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Q.2(B) The interference pattern is obtained with two coherent light sources of intensity ratio n. In
I −I
this interference pattern, the ratio max min will be :
I max + I min
çdk'k ds nks dyklEc) L=ksrksa dk rhozrk vuqikr n gSA bl O;frdj.k iSVuZ esa
I max − I min
vuqikr dk eku gksxk :
I max + I min

n 2 n n 2 n
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(n + 1) 2 (n + 1) 2 n +1 n +1

Ans. 4
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Sol.
I1 n
Let =
I2 1

( ) ( )
2 2
I max − I min I1 + I 2 − I1 − I 2 4 I1I 2
= =
I max + I min
( ) +( ) 2(I1 + I 2 )
2 2
I1 + I 2 I1 − I 2
Dividing numerator and denominator by I 2
I1
2
I2 2 n
required ratio = =
 I1  n +1
 + 1 
 I2 
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Q.3(A) In a Young's double slit experiment, a student observes 8 fringes in a certain segment of
screen when a monochromatic light of 600 nm wavelength is used. If the wavelength of
light is changed to 400 nm, then the number of fringes he would observe in the same
region of the screen is :

;ax ds f}&f>jh ç;ksx es]a tc 600 nm rjaxnS/kZ~; okyk ,do.khZ çdk'k ç;qä gksrk gS rks insZ ds
fdlh fo'ks"k Hkkx ij ,d fo|kFkhZ 8 fÝUtsa çkIr djrk gSA ;fn çdk'k dk rjaxnS/kZ~; 400 nm dj nh
tkrh gS] rks mlds }kjk insZ ds mlh {ks= esa çkIr fÝUtksa dh la[;k gS :
(1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 12 (4) 6

Ans. 3
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Sol.
D
y = ( nl )  
d
n1l1 = n 2l 2
(8) ( 600 nm ) = n 2 ( 400 )
n 2 = 12
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Q.3(B) In Young's double slit experiment, the slits are 2mm apart and are illuminated by photons
of two wave lengths λ1 = 12000Å and λ2 = 10000Å. At what minimum distance from the
common central bright fringe on the screen, 2m from the slit, will a bright fringe from one
interference pattern coincide with a bright fringe from the other ?

;ax ds ,d f}f>jhZ ç;ksx esa f>jhZ;ksa ¼fLyVks½a ds chp dh nwjh 2mm gSA budks λ1 = 12000Å rFkk
λ2 = 10000Å rjaxnS/;Z ds QksVkWuksa ls çnhIr ¼çdkf'kr½ fd;k x;k gSA ;fn f>jhZ;ksa ls insZ dh nwjh
2m gks rks dsUæh; }hIr fÝat ds fdruh U;wure nwjh ij O;frdj.k ls mRiUu nksuksa rjaxksa dh }hIr
fÝatsa laikrh ¼,d nwljs ds Åij½ gksaxh \

(1) 3 mm (2) 8 mm (3) 6 mm (4) 4 mm

Ans. 3
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Sol.
According to question n1λ1 = n2λ2
n1 l 2 10000 5
So, = = =
n 2 l1 12000 6
so minimum n1 and n2 are 5 and 6 respectively.

y min =
(
n1l1D 5 12000  10
=
−10
)( 2)
d 2  10−3
= 6 × 10–3 m = 6 mm
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Q.4 Young's double slit experment is first performed in air and then in a medium other than air.
It is found that 8th bright fringe in the medium lies where 5th dark fringe lies in air. The
refractive index of the medium is nearly :

;ax ds f} f>jh ç;ksx dks igys ok;q esa vkSj fQj fdlh vU; ek/;e esa fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ik;k
tkrk gS fd] bl ek/;e esa 8 oha }hIr fÝat rFkk ok;q esa 5 oha v}hIr fÝat ,d gh LFkku ij curs
gSaA rks] bl ek/;e dk viorZukad gksxk yxHkx :
(1) 1.59 (2) 1.69 (3) 1.78 (4) 1.25

Ans. 3
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Sol.
(y8 ) Bright, medium = (y5 ) Dark, air
8l m D  2(5) − 1  lD
= 
d  2  d
8l D 9 lD 16
= m = = 1.78
m d 2 d 9
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Q.5 In a young’s double slit experiment a slab of thickness 1.2 mm and refractive index 1.5 is
placed in front of one slit and another slab of thickness t and refractive index 2 is placed in
front of the second slit if the position of the central fringe remain unaltered then the
thickness t is :

;ax ds f}fNnz iz;ksx esa ,d dk¡p dh iêhdk ftldh eksVkbZ 1.2 mm rFkk viorZukad 1.5 gS] fdlh
,d fNnz ds lkeus j[kh xbZ gS rFkk ,d nwljh iêhdk ftldh eksVkbZ t gS rFkk vioZrukad 2 gS] dks
nwljs fNnz ds lkeus j[kk x;k gSA ;fn dsUnzh; mfPp’B dh fLFkfr vifjofrZr jgs rks eksVkbZ t gS %
(1) 1.2 mm (2) 1.8 mm (3) 0.6 mm (4) 2.4 mm

Ans. 3
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Sol.
Position of central maxima is not changing so path difference by both slabs will be same.
( m1 − 1) t1 = ( m 2 − 1) t 2
t2 =
( m1 − 1) t1 0.5  1.2mm
= = 0.6 mm
( m 2 − 1) 2 −1
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Q.6 Find the half angular width of the central bright maximum in the Fraunhofer diffraction
pattern of a slit of width 12 × 10–5 cm when the slit is illuminated by monochromatic light
of wavelength 6000 Å.

12 × 10–5 lseh pkSMk+ bZ dh fLyV ds ÝkugkWQj foorZu çfr:i esa dsUæh; mfPp’B dh vnZ~/kdks.kh;
pkSMk+ bZ Kkr dhft;sA tc fLyV dks 6000 Å rjaxnS/kZ~; ds ,d o.khZ; çdk'k ls çdkf'kr fd;k tkrk
gSA
(1) 30° (2) 45° (3) 60° (4) 15°

Ans. 1
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Sol.
l
 sin q =
a
θ = half angular width of the central maximum.

a = 12 × 10–5 cm, λ = 6000 Å = 6 × 10–5 cm

l 6  10−5
 sin q = = −5
= 0.50  q = 30
a 12  10
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Q.7 The fraunhofer diffraction pattern of a single slit is formed at the focal plane of a lens of
focal length 1m. The width of the slit is 0.3 mm. If the third minimum is formed at a
distance of 5 mm from the central maximum then calculate the wavelength of light.

,dy fLyV dk ÝkWugkWQj foorZu 1 ehVj Qksdl nwjh ds ysUl ds Qksdl ry esa cu jgk gSA fLyV
dh pkSM+kbZ 0.3 feeh gSA ;fn dsUæh; mfPp’B ls 5 feeh dh nwjh ij r`rh; fufEu"B curk gS rks
çdk'k dh rjaxnS/;Z gksxhA
(1) 3000Å (2) 4000Å (3) 5000Å (4) 6000Å

Ans. 3
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Sol.
nfl
yn =
a
ay n 3  10−4  5  10−3
l= = = 5000Å
nf 3 1
 n = 3
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Q.8(A) At the first minimum adjacent to the central maximum of a single-slit diffraction pattern
the phase difference between the Huygen's wavelet from the edge of the slit and the
wavelet from the mid point of the slit is :

,dy f>jhZ foorZu iSVuZ esa] dsUæh; mfPp’B ds fudVorhZ çFke fufEu"B ij] f>jhZ ds fdukjs rFkk
mlds e/; fcUnq ls mRiUu gkbxsUl&rjafxdkvksa ds chp dykUrj gksrk gS :
  
(1) radian (2) radian (3) radian (4)  radian
8 4 2

Ans. 4
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Sol.

Fro 1st minima path difference between two edges of slit is l so path difference between

one edge & mid-point will be l/2.

Phase difference = 
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Q.8(B) In a diffraction pattern due to a single slit of width 'a', the first minimum is observed at an
angle 30° when light of wavelength 5000 Å is incident on the slit. The first secondary
maximum is observed at an angle of :

tc pkSM+kbZ 'a' dh fdlh ,dy f>jh esa 5000Å rjaxnS/kZ~; dk çdk'k vkiru djrk gS] rks f>jh ds
dkj.k mRiUu foorZu iSVuZ esa 30° ds dks.k ij igyk fuEu’B fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA igyk f}rh;d
mfPp"B ftl dks.k ij fn[kkbZ nsxk] og gS %
−1  1  −1  2  −1  1  −1  3 
(1) sin   (2) sin   (3) sin   (4) sin  
4 3 2 4

Ans. 4
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Sol.
l 1
For first minima, sin30o = =
a 2
First secondary maxima will be at
3l 3  1  3
sin q = =    q = sin −1  
2a 2  2  4
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Q.9 After passing through a polariser a linearly polarised light of intensity I is incident on an
analyser making an angle of 30° with that of the polariser. The intensity of light emitted
from the analyser will be :

fdlh /kzqod ls xqtjus ds Ik”pkr~ I rhozrk dk jsf[kd /kzqfor izdk’k fo”ys’kd ij vkifrr gksrk gS tks
/kzqod ls 30° dks.k cukrk gSA fo”ys’kd ls fuxZr çdk'k dh rhozrk gksxh %
I I 3I 2I
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 3 4 3

Ans. 3
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Sol.
According to Malus law

I2 = I1 cos2θ

Where I1 is incident Polarised light

2
 3
I 2 = Icos 30 = 
2

 2 
3I
I2 =
4
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Q.10(A) The Brewsters angle ib for an interface should be :
fdlh vUrjki`’B ds fy, czwLVj dks.k ib gksuk pkfg, :
(1) ib = 90° (2) 0° < ib < 30° (3) 30° < ib < 45° (4) 45° < ib < 90°

Ans. 4
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Sol.

Refractive index of medium

m = tan ib

m > 1
 tan ib > 1
90° > ib > 45°
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Q.10(B) When unpolarized light is incident at an angle of 60° on a transparent medium from air.
There flected ray is completely polarized. The angle of refraction in the medium is :

Tkc v/kzqfor izdk”k ok;q ls fdlh ikjn”khZ ek/;e ij 60° ds dks.k ij vkifrr gksrk gS rks ijkofrZr
fdj.k iw.kZr% /kzqfor gksrh gSA ek/;e dk viorZu dks.k gS %
(1) 30° (2) 60° (3) 90° (4) 45°

Ans. 1
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Sol.
By Brewster’s law

At complete reflection ray and refracted ray are perpendicular