PEME-722D

Work Study & Ergonomics

Lecture 2

Trades
Name of Class Teacher

• GME-19
• Dr Jagtar Singh

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SANT LONGOWAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
LONGOWAL
(Deemed to-be University)
 Productivity
 Productivity is the output of any production process, per unit of
input.
 Productivity is the quantitative relation between;
What a firm produces and what a firm uses as a resource to produce
output.
“Arithmetic ratio of amount produced (output) to the amount
of resources (input)”
Concept of Productivity

Input = Output + Wastage

Wastevity = 1 - Productivity
 Types of Productivity

Partial productivity can be defined as the relationship between

the output and the single input which is used in the production.
For example – there has been a 10% rise in the labor. The effect of
the increase in the labor is shown by partial productivity.

Total factor Productivity can be defined as ratio between

output to labour and capital Input

Total Productivity may be defined as ratio between total out

by total Inputs
 Steps to enhance Productivity

 Increasing the output using the same input.

 Reducing the input by maintaining the output as constant.
 Increasing the output to a maximum extent with a smaller increase in
input.
 Production v/s Productivity

 Production: Production can be defined as the systematic activity of

gradually transforming one form of material into another while
maintaining the requisite quality and are capable of satisfying human
wants.
 Job-Shop Production: A production process, in which few products are
created according to the demand of the customer, in the stipulated time
and cost. In job-shop production, product volume is low, and variety is
high.
 Batch Production: Batch production is one where in product passes
through various stages over a series of functional departments, and a
number of batches are produced.
 Mass Production: It is a manufacturing technique in which discrete
parts are produced with the help of continuous process.
 Continuous Production: The process of production in which the
production facilities are sequenced as per the production operations
chronologically.
 Key Differences Between Production and Productivity

 Production is an organized activity, wherein step by step conversion of raw materials into
useful output takes place. On the contrary, Productivity is an indicator of efficiency in the
production in terms of optimum utilization of firm’s resources in the creation of
desired output.

 Production is a process of value addition, wherein at each level, some value is added to
the product. Conversely, productivity is a measure of efficiency.

 Production exhibits the number of units produced by the firm in a given period. As
against, productivity highlights the ratio of output to input consumed.

 Production is always expressed in absolute terms, i.e. the volume of output produced. On
the other hand, productivity is denoted in relative terms, meaning that it determines the
quantitative relationship between output generated and resources consumed.

 While production ascertains the value of output generated, productivity determines the
how well the resources are utilized by the firm in the generation of output.
How work study can improve the productivity of any
organization/ Soceity?
THANK YOU