HCF[GT NIBMFEMF LG[IJMB

- Tgfegrtimf
Nibmfemf lgsijmb mlmbma nibmfemf ymfe jgfeeufmhmf =4 mfehm jubmi 4 smjpmi 9
ngrturut>. [gtgbma mfehm 9, jmhm mfehm ngrihutfym
ngrihutfym mlmbma =4, ==, => l
lmf
mf sgtgrusfym.
Nibmfemf lgsijmb lisgnut ouem nibmfemf ngrnmsis =4. Kcftca pgfubismf nibmfemf
lgsijmb ? =5=4. Ifemt, lgsijmb ngrnmsis =4, jmhm mfehm =4-bma ymfe
jgfomli sunskript pmlm pgfubismf nibmfemf lgsijmb.
- Cpgrmsi aitufe nibmfemf lgsijmb

Cpgrmsi
Cpgrmsi Aitufe
Aitufe Tgkmam
Tgkmamf
f Lgsijm
Lgsijmb.
b. Tgkmam
Tgkmamf
f lgsijm
lgsijmbb mlmbma
mlmbma pgkmam
pgkmamf
f ymfe
ymfe ngrpgf
ngrpgfygn
ygnut
ut
hgbipmtmf lmri =4 (=44, =.444, lmf sgtgrusfym). =/=4, =/=44, =/=.444, lmf =/=4.444. Oihm
nibmfemf-nibmfemf pgkmamf itu litubis lmbmj ngftuh pgkmamf lgsijmb, jmhm pgfubismffym
mlmbma sgnmemi ngrihut?

 =/=4 litubis 4,=

 =/=44 litubis 4,4=
 =/=444 litubis 4,44=
 =/=4444 litubis 4,444=

Tgfegrommf aitufe tgrliri lmri pgfoujbmamf, pgfeurmfemf, pgrhmbimf, lmf pgjnmeimf.

[gngbuj jgfoujbmahmf pgkmamf lgsijmb, hitm pgrbu jgfeifemt hgjnmbi fibmi tgjpmt sumtu
nibmfemf. Fibmi tgjpmt pmlm pgkmamf lgsijmb lmpmt liemjnmrhmf sgpgrti emjnmr li smjpife.
smjpife.

Tgfoujbmamf lmf Tgfeurmfemf

Tgfeurmfemf
Jgfoujbmahmf/jgfeurmfehmf lum nibmfemf lgsijmb mlmbma jgfoujbmahmf/pgfeurmfemf
mfehm-mfehm ymfe fibmi tgjpmtfym smjm pmlm hglum nibmfemf tgrsgnut.Wftuh jgfoujbmahmf
lum nibmfemf lgfemf ngfmr hitm amrus jgfoujbmahmf mfehm-mfehm ymfe fibmi tgjpmtfym
smjm8

 rmtusmf lioujbmahmf lgfemf rmtusmf

 pubuamf lioujbmahmf lgfemf pubuamf
 smtumf lioujbmahmf lgfemf smtumf
 pgrsgpubuamf lgfemf pgrsgpubuamf
 pgrsgrmtusmf lgfemf pgrsgrmtusmf, lst
Kcftca scmb ?
=. Ngrmpm oujbma ? =7,;;7 + 0,>15
=7,;;7
0,>15 +
>=,0>>

>. Ngrmpm oujbma ? =;,<;7 ‛ ;,>7;

=;,<;7
;,>7; -
=>,=1>

Tgrhmbimf
Tgrhmbimf pmlm pgkmamf lgsijmb Mlm lum kmrm uftuh jgfembihmf pgkmamf lgsijmb, ymitu
lgfemf tgrbgnia lmaubu jgrunma ngftuh pgkmamf jgfomli pgkmamf nimsm lmf lgfemf kmrm
ngrsusuf.
=. Kmrm =

>. Kmrm >

Tgrhmbimf libmhuhmf sgkmrm ngrsusuf, ngrmpm oujbma mfehm li ngbmhmfe hcjm amrus
lipgramtihmf.
Aitufe ngrmpm oujbma ? =>,7< x =,>7

Kmrm ngrsusuf ?
Omwmn? =>,7< ( > mfehm li ngbmhmfe hcjm)

=,>7 x (> mfehm li ngbmhmfe hcjm), omli mlm < mfehm lingbmhmfe hcjm (,)
0>54
>741
=>7<
=> 7< +
 =70574 (< mfehm lingbmhmfe hcjm (,) sgaifeem jgfomli =7, 0574

Tgjnmeimf
Tgjnmeimf mlmbma hgnmbihmf lmri pgrhmbimf, sgaifeem kmrm ymfe lieufmhmf pmlm
pgrhmbimf pgkmamf lgsijmb (Kmrm =) lmpmt lieufmhmf pmlm pgjnmeimf. Lgfemf
Lgfemf kmrm
smbma smtu pgkmamf linmbih ( pgfygnut jgfomli pgjnibmfe mtmu sgnmmbihfym). Wftuh
jgjnmei pgkmamf lgsijmb ouem lmpmt libmhuhmf lgfemf kmrm jgfeunma pgkmamf
lgsijmb jgfomli nibmfemf nubmt. Kmrmfym mlmbma sgnmemi ngrihut?
=. Omlihmf tgrbgnia lmaubu nibmfemf lgsijmb tgrsgnut jgfomli nibmfemf nubmt ymitu
lgfemf
jgfembihmffym lgfemf nibmfemf hgbipmtmf =4 (=4,=44,=.444 lst )

kcftca ? =<,< ? 4,=> :

>. Mjnib lgsijmb ymfe tgrngsmr ymitu > lgsijmb sgaifeem nibmfemf li mtms lihmbihmf
lgfemf
=44, sgaifeem ?
=<,< x =44 : =<<4
4,=> x =44 : =>
=.<<4 ? => : =>4, Omli =<,< x 4,=> : =>4
- pgfgrmpmf nibmfemf lgsijmb lmbmj hgailupmf sgamri-amri
- [GOM^MA NIBMFEMF LG[IJMB
- Tgfgju
Tgf gju lgsijm
lgsijmbb ymfe
ymfe pmbife
pmbife pcpubg
pcpubgrr hitm
hitm lgfemr
lgfemr sgnmem
sgnmemii jmtgjmt
jmtgjmtihmihmwmf
wmf Mrmn
Jusbij ymfe jgjpufymi hcftrinusi tgramlmp pgrhgjnmfemf jmtgjmtihm mlmbma Mb-
Hamwmrizji, lihgfmb sgnmemi nmpmh Mbomnmr, jgjpgrhgfmbhmf nibmfemf fcb (4), lmf
pgfgrogjma hmrym-hmrym Yufmfi hufc. Hisma mfehm fcb lmf hcfsgp nibmfemf fcb tgbma
ngrhgjnmfe sgomh zmjmf Nmnibcfim lmfYufmfi hufc, ymfe pmlm smmt itu limrtihmf
sgnme
sgn memi
mi hg
hgtitiml
mlmm
mmf
f lm lmri
ri sg
sgsu
sumt
mtu.
u. Hcfs
Hcfsgp
gp ninibm
bmfe
femf
mf fcfcbb lm
lmff si`mt
si`mt-s
-si`m
i`mtf
tfym
ym tg
tgru
russ
ngrhgjnmfe lmri wmhtu hg wmhtu.
- Aifeem pmlm mnml hg-5, Nrmajmeuptm sgcrmfe jmtgjmtihmwmf Iflim jgjpgrhgfmbhmf
ngngrmpm si`mt nibmfemf fcb. [i`mt-si`mtfym mlmbma sumtu nibmfemf nibm lioujbmahmf
lgfemf fcb mlmbma tgtmp, lgjihimf pubm sgnuma nibmfemf nibm lihmbihmf lgfemf fcb
mhmf jgfomli fcb. \gtmpi, Nrmajmeuptm jgfgjui hgsubitmf, lmf kgflgrufe hg mrma
ymfe smbma, hgtihm ngramlmpmf lgfemf pgjnmeimf cbga nibmfemf fcb. Amb ifi tgrus
jgfomli tcpih pgfgbitimf pmlm smmt itu, nmahmf smjpmi >44 tmauf hgjulimf.
- Jismbfym tmauf 1;4, Jmamvirm (Iflim) jgjpgrtgems amsib-amsib Nrmajmeuptm, lmf
nmahmf jgfymtmhmf nmawm "sgnuma nibmfemf linmei cbga fcb mlmbma tg tgtmp".
tmp". \gftu smom
ifi sumtu hgsmbmamf `mtmb. \gtmpi, amb ifi tgtmp amrus smfemt liamremi uftuh uhurmf smmt
itu.
itu. Ilg-
Ilg-il
ilgg nrnrib
ibim
imf
f lmri
lmri jmtg
jmtgjmjmti
tihm
hmwm
wmff IfIfli
limm sg
sgbm
bmfo
fout
utfy
fymm lilipg
pgbm
bmom
omri
ri cb
cbga
ga
jmtgjmtihmwmf Jusbij lmf Mrmn.
- Amb ifi tgromli pmlm tmamp-tmamp mwmb hgtihm jmtgjmtihmwmf Mb-Hamwmrizji jgfgbiti
sistgj
sistgj pgrait
pgraitufe
ufemf
mf Aiflu
Aiflu (Iflim
(Iflim)) ymfe
ymfe jgfeem
jgfeemjnmjnmrhmf
rhmf sistgj
sistgj fibmi
fibmi tgjpmt
tgjpmt lmri
lmri
nibmfemf ymfe jgbinmthmf nibmfemf 4, =, >, ;, <, 7, 0, 5, 1, lmf 9. Mb-Hamwmrizji
mlmbma ymfe pgrtmjm hmbi jgjpgrhgfmbhmf pgfeeufmmf nibmfemf fcb sgnmemi fibmi
tgjpmt lmbmj nmsis sgpubua. [istgj ifi lisgnut sgnmemi sistgj nibmfemf lgsijmb.
-
- m) Tgfegrtimf Tgkmamf Lgsijmb
- Nibmfemf pgkmamf mlmbma nibmfemf ymfe lmpmt lifymtmhmf lmbmj ngftuh , lgfemf m
lmf n mlmbma nibmfemf nubmt lmf n ≤ 4. Nibmfemf m lisgnut sgnmemi pgjnibmfe lmf
nibmfemf n lisgnut sgnmemi pgfygnut. [glmfehmf hmtm lgsijmb ngrmsmb lmri nmamsm
lgkgj ymfe mrtifym sgpubua.
bmtiflgkgj
bmtif
- [gpgrti ymfe tgbma liufehmphmf cbga Juasgtyc (>4=4? <.7=) ymfe jgfymtmhmf nmawm
sistgj fujgrsi ymfe ngrnmsis sgpubua, mrtifym nibmfemf =4 lipmhmi sgnmemi mkufemf
pchch lmbmj jgbmjnmfehmf lmf jgfygnut nibmfemf. [glmfehmf jgfurut Pmf lg
wmbbg, lhh (>4=4? ;>1) jgfymtmhmf nmawm mfehm lgsijmb mlmbma kmrm sglgramfm bmif
lmrii pgfubi
lmr pgfubismf
smf pgkmam
pgkmamf.
f. [glmfe
[glmfehmf
hmf jgfegf
jgfegfmimi hcjm
hcjm lgsijmb
lgsijmb mlmbma
mlmbma hgsgpm
hgsgpmhmt
hmtmf/
mf/
hmilma ymfe tgbma lihgjnmfehmf uftuh jgfmflmhmf pcsisi ufit.
- Mtmu lgfemf hmtm bmif pgkmamf lgsijmb ymitu nibmfemf ymfe liamsibhmf lmri amsib nmei
sumtu nibmfemf lgfemf nibmfemf =4 lmf hgbipmtmffym mtmu pgkmamf lgfemf pgfygnut
=4, =44, =444, lmf sgtgrusfym, lmf litubis lgfemf tmflm hcjm (,).
- Kcftca nibmfemf pgkmamf lgsijmb ymitu?
- =. 4,1 mlmbma pgkmamf lgsijmb ymfe liamsibhmf lmri 1 linmei =4
- >. 4,=7 mlmbma pgkmamf lgsijmb ymfe liamsibhmf lmri =7 linmei =44
- ;. 4,=>; mlmbma pgkmamf lgsijmb ymfe liamsibhmf lmri =>; linmei =444

- <. >,74 mlmbma pgkmamf lgsijmb ymfe liamsibhmf lmri >74 linmei =44
- n) Nibmfemf Lgsijmb Jgfeeufmhmf Fibmi \gjpmt
- Tgkmamf lgsijmb lmpmt ouem jgfeeufmhmf fibmi tgjpmt, sgnmemi kcftca ymitu sgnmemi
ngrihut?
- =. 4,> (smtu tgjpmt lgsijmb mtmu = mfehm li ngbmhmfe hcjm)
- >. 4,;7 (lum tgjpmt lgsijmb mtmu > mfehm li ngbmhmfe hcjm)
- ;. 4,=>7 (tiem tgjpmt lgsijmb mtmu ; mfehm li ngbmhmfe hcjm)
- Kcnm hmbimf ifemt hgjnmbi jgfegfmi fibmi tgjpmt pmlm nibmfemf pgkmamf lgsijmb.
Tgramtihmf fibmi tgjpmt pmlm nibmfemf >;7,05< ngrihut.
- >;7.05< :
- < : pgrsgrinumf, fibmifym
fibmifym mtmu 4,44<
- 5 : pgrsgrmtusmf, fibmifym mtmu 4,45
-
0 : pgrsgpubuamf, fibmifym
fibmifym mtmu 4,0
- 7 : smtumf, fibmifym 7
- ; : pubuamf, fibmifym ;4
- > : rmtusmf, fibmifym >44
-
- Oihm litubis lmbmj ngftuh pmfomfe, lipgrcbga?
- >;7,05< : >44 +;4 +7 +4,0 +4,45+4,44<
- : >44 +;4 +7 +
- : >44 +;4 +7 +
- : >;7 + : >;7
-
- k) Tgjnubmtmf Nibmfemf Lgsijmb
- Tgkmamf lgsijmb lmpmt linubmthmf jgfomli pgkmamf lgsijmb lgfemf mfehm li ngbmhmfe
hcjmfym bgnia sglihit. Lgfemf mturmf?
- =. Tgjnubmtmf hg mtms uftuh mfehm bgnia lmri mtmu smjm lgfemf 7
- >. Tgjnubmtmf hg nmwma uftuh mfehm hurmfe lmri 7
-
-
- Kcftca?
- =. 4,1<0; linubmthmf jgfomli 4,1<0 hmrgfm ; hurmfe lmri 7
- >. 4,1<0 linubmthmf jgfomli 4,17 hmrgfm 0 bgnia lmri 7
- ;. 4,17 linubmthmf jgfomli 4,9 hmrgfm smjmlgfemf 7
-
- l) Cpgrmsi Aitufe Nibmfemf Lgsijmb
- =. Tgfoujbmamf Nibmfemf Lgsijmb
- [gngbuj jgfoujbmahmf pgkmamf lgsijmb, hitm pgrbu jgfeifemt hgjnmbi fibmi tgjpmt
sumtu
sumtu nibmfe
nibmfemf.
mf. Fibmi
Fibmi tgjpmt
tgjpmt pmlm
pmlm pgkmam
pgkmamf
f lgsijm
lgsijmbb lmpmt
lmpmt liemjn
liemjnmrh
mrhmf
mf sgnmem
sgnmemii
ngrihut?
-
-
- Wftuh jgfoujbmahmf lum nibmfemf lgfemf ngfmr hitm amrus jgfoujbmahmf mfehm-
mfehm ymfe fibmi tgjpmtfym smjm.
- =. rmtusmf lioujbmahmf lgfemf rmtusmf

- >. pubuamf lioujbmahmf lgfemf pubuamf

- ;. smtumf lioujbmahmf lgfemf smtumf
- <. pgrsgpubuamf lgfemf pgrsgpubuamf
- 7. pgrsgrmtusmf lgfemf pgrsgrmtusmf, lst
- Kmrm ymfe tgrjulma uftuh
uftuh jgfoujbmahmf lum
lum pgkmamf lgsijmb, mlmbma lgfemf kmrm
pgfoujbmamf ngrsusuf, lgfemf jgburushmf
jgburushmf tmflm hcjm (,).
-
- Kcftca?
- Aitufebma !
- =. 4,7< + 4,>< : . . . . .
- >. 4,=<< + 4,=;> : . . . . .
-
-
Tgfygsgsmimf?
Tgfygsgsmimf
=. ?
4,7<
-
- 4,>< +
- 4,51
-
- >. 4,=<<
- 4,=;> +
- 4,>50
-
- >. Tgfeurmfemf Nibmfemf Lgsijmb
- Kmrm jgfygbgsmihmf cpgrmsi pgfeurmfemf pmlm pgkmamf lgsijmb mlmbma smjm lgfemf
cpgrmsi pgfoujbmamf. Hitm lmpmt jgbmhuhmf pgfeurmfemf lgfemf kmrm ngrsusuf.
-
- Kcftca?
- =. 4,7< - 4,>< : . . . . .
- >. 4,=<< - 4,=;> : . . . . .
-
- Tgfygsgsmimf?
Tgfygsgsmimf?
- =. 4,7<
- 4,>< -
- 4,;
-
- >. 4,=<<
- 4,=;> -
- 4,4=>
- ;. Tgrhmbimf Nibmfemf Lgsijmb
- Mlm lum kmrm uftuh jgfembihmf pgkmamf lgsijmb ymitu
-
- m. Jgrunma Jgfomli Tgkmamf Nimsm
- Kcftca ?
- >,7 x 4,; : . . . . .
- x : : 4,57
- Omli, >,7 x 4,; : : 4,57
-
- n. Jgbmbui Tgrhmbimf Ngrtifehmt
- Kcftca ?
- =. >,7 bmfehma?
- 4,; ( ; x 7 ) : =7 jgfyijpmf =
- x (; x >) : 0+=:5
- 57 (4 x 7) : 4
- 44 (4 x >) : 4
- +
- 4,57
- Omli, >,7 x 4,; : 4,57
-
-

-
- = tgjpmt = tgjpmt > tgjpmt
- lgsijmb lgsijmb lgsijmb
-
- <. Tgjnmeimf Tgkmamf Lgsijmb
- Lmbmj jgfygbgsmihmf pgjnmeimf pmlm pgkmamf lgsijmb, ouem mlm lum kmrm ymfe lmpmt
lieufmhmf, ymitu?
- m. Jgrunma Jgfomli Tgkmamf Nimsm
- Kcftca ?
- >,< ? 4,441 : . . . . .
- Omwmn?
- >,< liomlihmf pgkmamf nimsm
nimsm :
- 4,441 liunma
liunma jgfomli pgkmamf nimsm :
- >,< ? 4,441 : ?
- : x
- :
- : ;444
-
n. Jgbmbui Tgjnmeimf
Tgjnmeimf Ngrsusuf
- Kcftca ?
- =<,< ? 4,=> : . . . . .
- Omwmn ?
- =<,<  = lgsijmb
- 4,=>  > lgsijmb
-
- Mjnib lgsijmb ymfe tgrngsmr ymitu > lgsijmb sgaifeem nibmfemf li mtms lihmbihmf
lgfemf =44.
-
- =<,< x =44 : =<<4
- 4,=> x =44 : =>
- =>4
- => =<<4
- =>
- ><
- ><
- 4  mlm sism 4
-
- omli, =<,< ? 4,=> : =>4

attp?//www.jglimngbmomr.if`c/>4=>/==/cpgrmsi-aitufe-pgkmamf-lgsijmb.atjb