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1.0 Introduction

Herbal ointments have gained popularity due to their external application

ease,extensive skin exposure, and interaction with circulatory and lymphatic systems.
Theseointments, containing medicinal ingredients from herbal plants, serve various purposes
such as antipruritic, keratolytic, protectant, antiseptic, emollient, and astringent applications.
Ointment bases, with minimal water content, come in different types like absorption and
dehydrating bases. Herbal ointments in experimental research offers a natural and potentially
effective alternative to synthetic counterparts. Their diverse phytochemical composition may
provide unique therapeutic benefits, and exploring their use aligns with the growing interest
in sustainable, plant-based remedies.The National Center for Complementary Alternative
Medicine’s Survey supports the usage of herbal therapy for natural treatment.products other
than Vitamins and minerals was the most commonly used alternative Medicine (18.9%) when
all use of prayer was excluded. A survey conducted in Hong Kong In 2003 reported that 40%
of the subjects surveyed showed marked faith in TCM Compared with Western medicine
(Chan et al. 2003)..The most common reasons for traditional medicine are that it is more
affordable, more closely corresponds to the Patient’s ideology, allays concerns about the
adverse effects of chemical (synthetic). The major use of herbal medicines is for health
program.

Serpentina, also known as Indian snakeroot species of flower in the milkweed family
Apocynaceae is known as Rauvolfia Serpentina, also known as Indian snakeroot, Serpentine
wood or devil pepper, African Snake Root , has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine
in India to treat schizophrenia, high blood pressure, and various Evidence suggesting poor
circulation.It can be used to treat a variety of conditions, Including pain conditions, fevers,
coughs, headaches, diabetes, earaches, arthritis, Inflammation and muscular pain,
fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, depression, loss of Appetite, dysentery, diarrhea, cholera,
candida, piles, fatigue, edema, hepatitis, herpes, Lupus, leprosy, swollen lymph nodes and
other conditions.Serpentina has been used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and some mental
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illnesses because it sedatives and can depress the. Central nervous system.Ocimum sanctum
L. commonly known as Holy Basil (Tulsi) is an Herbaceous perennial, belongs to family
Lamiaecae and is considered as one of the most Important source of medicine and drugs with
many secondary metabolites and essentialOils. It is considered as one of the most powerful
herbs as it is used for treating a vast. Tulsi leaves can be consumed, infused in teas, or used in
cooking for systemic effects Serpentina (Rauvolfia Serpentina) and Holy Basil (Ocimum
Sanctum) herbal ointment has potential anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial properties. Both
herbs have been traditionally used in various cultures for medicinal purposes. We consider
conducting experiments to assess the ointment’s efficacy in wound healing or health
conditions. This study seeks to contribute to our understanding of their efficacy in the
development of an herbal ointment for potential applications in healing for health conditions.
Tulsi leaves can be consumed, infused in teas, or used in cooking for systemic
effects.Serpentina (Rauvolfia Serpentina) and Holy Basil (Ocimum Sanctum) herbal ointment
has potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Both herbs have been
traditionally used in various cultures for medicinal purposes. We consider conducting
experiments to assess the ointment’s efficacy in wound healing or health conditions. This
study seeks to contribute to our understanding of their efficacy in the development of an
herbal ointment for potentialapplications in healing for health conditions.

1.1 Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Serpentina  Procedural  Serpentina (

leaves understanding Rauvolfia
 Basil leaves  Planning of work Serpentina) and
 Eucalyptuss oil and creating the Holy Basil
 Sunflower oil product ( Ocimum
 Beeswax  Analyzing and Sanctum) as an
 Vanilla extract interpretation the Herbal
collected data Ointment.
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Figure 1. shows the input, process and output for the study entitled
“Serpentina (Rauvolfia Serpentina) And Holy Basil ( OCIMUM SANCTUM) as
an Herbal Ointment”. The input includes the material that would used in creating a
herbal ointment. These will follow the procedural understanding , planning of work
and creating the product it will be evaluate by analyzing and interpretation of the
collected data. The output will determine the effectiveness of the herbal ointment.

1.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Serpentina extracts are reported to be effective against diabetes and its complications.

AR controls the rate-limiting step of polyol pathway, and its inhibition known to prevent

complications of diabetes. Founded in these empirical facts, we propose a hypothesis

connecting effectiveness of molecular constituents of plant extracts to a novel. Hypothesis

connecting effectiveness of molecular constituents of plant extracts to a regulatory

mechanism central to the disorder. Towards our aim of prospecting for ARIs, we compiled a

structured library of R. serpentina PDMs, and screened them to obtain ‘best PDMs’

Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil) and its extract possess lipoxygenase inhibitory,

antihistaminergic, immunomodulatory, chemoprotective, radioprotective, and

antisecretory activities. Some of its phytochemical constituents include eugenol, ursolic

acid, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, myretenal, luteolin, β–sitosterol, and carnosic acid that were

identified to help prevent chemical-induced skin, liver, oral, and lung cancers wherein such

activities were mediated by increasing antioxidant activity, alteration of gene expressions,

induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. Holy basil has several

traditional uses but it is particularly well-known as an adaptogen and is used for stress relief.
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1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of effectiveness of the serpentina and holy basil ointment in terms of: a.
aroma
b. appearance
c. hotness
d. texture
e. efficacy
2. Is there a significant difference among the treatments?

HYPOTHESIS

This study will be posited by the following hypothesis:

Ho: There is no effectiveness of Serpentina and Holy Basil leaves as a herbal oinment.

Ha: There is effectiveness of Serpentina and Holy Basil leaves as a herbal oinment.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of studying Serpentina and holy basil as an herbal ointment lies in
exploring a potential natural remedy with multifaceted health benefits. This research could
contribute to:

Alternative Medicine Advancements: Offering an alternative to conventional

pharmaceuticals, tapping into the potential of herbal remedies for various health issues.
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Synergistic Effects: Understanding how the combination of Serpentina and holy basil can
enhance therapeutic effects may open avenues for developing more potent herbal
formulations.

Holistic Health Approach: Promoting holistic health by harnessing the anti-inflammatory,

antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of these herbs in a unified ointment.

Cultural and Traditional Medicine Integration: Integrating traditional knowledge of

Serpentina and holy basil into contemporary healthcare practices.

Students – it will be give them a simple treatment for health conditions.

Teachers – it will serve as a simple comfort for their stress.

Overall, this study could contribute to the broader field of herbal medicine, fostering a deeper
understanding of plant-based remedies and their potential applications in modern healthcare.

1.5 Scope and Delimitation

The focus of this study is to make a herbal ointment out of Serpentina leaves and
Holy Basil leaves. This study is to determine the efficacy of herbal ointment to our body. The
researchers conducted a experiment to determine the effectiveness.

1.6 Definition of Terms

Herbal – a kind of herbs that can be used in herbal medicine.

Holy Basil – the leaves of it can be used as a herbal or in culinary foods.
Ointment -application to the skin.
Serpentina – root is used as medicine.
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2.0 Methodology

This study presents the discussion of research design, research procedure,

data gathering procedure and statistical treatment.

2.1 Research Design

The researchers used descriptive - experimental design which is suitable for this
study. We used convenience random sampling in getting the respondents. The descriptive -
experimental design is systematic and scientific approach which the researchers can
manipulate one or more variables , controls and measures any change in any variable.

2.2 Research Procedure

This study was conducted at Paoay National High School Barangay 20 Paratong,
Paoay, Ilocos Norte. The respondents of the study were the students and teachers of Paoay
National High School particularly to the ABM students, SHS teachers and STEM students
which they have knowledge regarding to medicines. The researchers selected ten (10) ABM
students , ten (10) STEM students and ten (10) SHS teachers in total of thirty (30)
respondents . For the purpose of this study. The researchers used survey quetionnaire as a
data gathering instrument, to know the acceptability of among the three treatments
of Serpentina and Holy Basil herbal ointment to the respondents in terms of
aromaapperance , texture , hotness and efficacy of the product.

2.2.1 Equipment
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The equipment that will be use in creating a herbal ointment with Serpentina
(Rauvolfia Serpentina) and Holy Basil (Ocimum Sanctum), are basic tools like a mixing
bowl, ladle, pan, scissors, measuring cup, blower, gas stove, funnel, and strainer. These
simple and widely available items are crucial in carefully preparing and combining the herbal
ingredients for our ongoing research.

Materials

10 pieces of Serpentina leaves

10 pieces of Holy basil leaves
100ml Sunflower oil
100ml Eucalyptus oil
30grams of Beeswax
10ml Vanilla extract

2.2.2 Procedure

1. Prepare the equipments and the materials to use in making ointment.

2. Wash the leaves of Serpentina and Holy basil and dry it by using blower, cut it
into small pieces.

3. Put the pan in the gas stove with water

4. Measure the sunflower oil to 100ml by using measuring cup and put it in the
mixing bowl.

5. Wait for 18:34 seconds to cook put now the cut leaves of Serpentina and Holy
basil while your mixing it inside of the mxing bowl , simmer for 30 minutes.

6. After simmering for 30 minutes strain it , put it in a stainless bowl

7. Replace it again in small pitchel .

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8. Put it again in the mixing bowl with the 100ml Eucalyptus oil.

9. While mixing it for a couple of seconds put the beeswax

10. Mix the beeswax until it turns to liquid.

11. After cooking it all put it in a large container of liquid and then place it now in a
tin small can container and ready to serve.

2.3 Data Gathering Instrument

In terms of data collection, the researches created a survey questionnaire . The survey
questionnaire will answer the following questions to test the efficacy and benefits of the
herbal ointment in terms of appearance, smell, texture, effectiveness and usefulness. The
descriptive method was used to determine whether people prefer to use the herbal ointment
as there alternative ointment.

2.3.1 Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers ask the respondents approval if they are agree or not with the
guidance of their advisers. After approval, the checklist were administered directly to the
choosen sample for the study. The data that were collected from the respondents were
analyzed.

2.4 Statistical Treatment

To analyze and interpret the data gathered , descriptive quantitative statistics were
applied. Weighted mean , and percentage were used as statiscal tools.

Weighted Mean :
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Σ x
X=
n

where :

X - Mean

Σ x - sum of all samples

n - total number of samples

x - samples

Percentage :
f
% =
n

where:

% - percentage

f - frequency or the number of cases in any category

n - the number of cases in all categories

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A. Questionnaire

Respondent’s Profile:`
Name (Optional):
Sex:
Age:
Grade & Section or Profession:

B. Please put a check mark ( / ) on the space provided, using the following scale.

5 - strongly agree

4 - agree

3 - strongly disagree

2 - disagree

1 - neutral

A. uct

Treatment 1 5 4 3 2 1

Aroma

Appearance

Hotness
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Texture

Efficacy

Treatment 2 5 4 3 2 1

Aroma

Appearance

Hotness

Texture

Efficacy

Treatment 3 5 4 3 2 1

Aroma

Appearance

Hotness

Texture
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Efficacy

Results and Discussion

Table 1. Treatment 1 (25% Serpentina, 75% Holy Basil) Mean Distribution of the Level of
Effecvtiveness of Serpentina and Holy Basil Herbal Ointment.
Sensory Effectiveness Mean Descriptive Interpretation
Aroma 3.4333 Effective
Appearance 4 Effective
Hotness 3 Neutral
Texture 3.9666 Effective
Efficacy 4 Effective
Average Mean =3.67 Effective

N=30
Legend:
4.21-5.00 - Highly Effective
3.41-4.20 - Effective
2.61-3.40 - Neutral
1.81-2.60 - Fairly effective
1.00-1.80 - Poorly Effective

Table 2. Treatment 2 (50% Serpentina, 50% Holy Basil) Mean Distribution of the Level of
Effecvtiveness of Serpentina and Holy Basil Herbal Ointment
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Sensory Effectiveness Mean Descriptive Interpretation

Aroma 4.1 Effective
Appearance 5 Highly Effective
Hotness 3.4 Neutral
Texture 5 Highly Effective
Efficacy 3.4 Neutral
Average Mean =4.18 Effective

N=30
Legend:

4.21-5.00 - Highly Effective

3.41-4.20 - Effective
2.61-3.40 - Neutral
1.81-2.60 - Fairly effective
1.00-1.80 - Poorly Effective

Table 3. Treatment 3 (75% Serpentina, 25% Holy Basil) Mean Distribution of the Level of
Effecvtiveness of Serpentina and Holy Basil Herbal Ointment
Sensory Effectiveness Mean Descriptive Interpretation

Aroma 4.1333 Effective

Appearance 4.2666 Highly Effective

Hotness 3.4666 Effective

Texture 4 Effective

Efficacy 4 Effective

Average Mean =3.97 Effective

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N=30
Legend:
4.21-5.00 - Highly Effective
3.41-4.20 - Effective
2.61-3.40 - Neutral
1.81-2.60 - Fairly effective
1.00-1.80 - Poorly Effective

Discussion

Table 1 shows the level of effectiveness of Treatment 1 (Serpentina 25%, Holy Basil
75%). the table shows that it has a mean of 3.4333 for aroma,a mean of 4 for appearance, a
mean of 3 for hotness,a mean of 3.9666 for texture, a mean of 4 for efficacy and a mean of
3.67 for overall effectiveness, which is interpreted as effective.
The effectiveness of the second treatment, which uses 50% serpentina and 50% holy
basil, is shown in table 2. The table shows that the overall mean of 4.18 which is read as
Effective, has a mean value of 4.1 for aroma, 5 for appearance, 3.4 for hotness, 5 for texture
and 3.4 for efficacy.
The effectiveness of the treatment 3 (75% Serpentina, 25% Holy Basil) shown in table
3. The table evidently shows that when it comes to appearance, it has a mean value of 4.2666,
which is Highly Effective; aroma with a value of 4.1333, hotness with a value of 3.4666,
texture with a value of 4, efficacy with a value of 4, which is Effective,it has a general mean
of 3.97, which can be regarded as Effective.

Conclusion

Based on the informations obtained from the respondents, the study concluded that
treatment 1 , which consists of 25% Serpentina and 75% Holy Basil, is generally Effective.
It’s aroma, appearance, texture and efficacy are also Effective. Treatment 2, 50% Serpentina
and 50% Holy Basil is determined to be Highly Effective in terms of appearance and texture
and is thus generally regarded as Effective. Moreover, for the treatment 3, 75% Serpentina
and 25% Holy Basil, when it comes to aroma, texture, hotness and efficacy, the Herbal
Oinment is Effective.
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Comparing the treatment 1, it got the lowest mean of effectiveness among the
experimental group and treatment while treatment 2 got the highest mean of effectiveness
based on the correspondents answers. Overall, serpintina and holy basil leaves is effective to
be used as a herbal oinment.

Recommendations
In light of aforementioned findings, the following recommendations are made:
1. Other researchers can use this study as a basis for the studies that are related to the topic.
2. The product can be a substitute to vicks and used as an ointment.
3. The Serpentina and Holy Basill ointment can be profitable for ointment businesses.

References

Et,al;V.K Deshwal Study on the antibacterial effect of Rauwolfia Serpentina on

Staphylococcus Aureus. Baba Farid Institute Technology.

Adeniyi,A.A., Brindley, G. S., Pryor, J.P., and Ralph, D.J. Yohimbine in the
treatmentment of orgasmic dysfunction. Asian J. Androl 2007;9(3):403-407.

Albus M., Zahn, T.P., and Breier, A. Anxiogenic properties of yohimbine. I.

Behavioral, physiological and biochemical measures. Eur.Arch.Psychiatry
Clin.Neurosci.1992;241(6):337-334.
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Abstract

Herbal ointments have become more and more popular because they are simple to
apply externally, expose a large area of skin, and interact with the lymphatic and circulatory
systems. These ointments have a variety of uses, including antipruritic, keratolytic,
protectant, antibacterial, emollient, and astringent ones. They are made from medicinal herbs.
There are several kinds of ointment bases, such as dehydrating and absorption bases, that
have very little water content. In experimental research, herbal ointments provide a natural
and perhaps efficacious substitute for their synthetic counterparts.

For this investigation, the researchers' descriptive-experimental approach was

appropriate. Convenience random sampling was employed to select the respondents. With the
systematic and scientific descriptive-experimental design, the researchers may control and
measure any change in any variable while manipulating one or more of the variables.

According to the respondents' responses, treatment 2 had the highest mean of efficacy
when compared to treatment 1, which had the lowest mean of effectiveness among the
experimental group and treatment. All things considered, using holy basil and serpintina
leaves as a herbal ointment works well.
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