Review of Related Literature

In their study on excessive gaming, Liu and Peng (2019) highlight the need of

distinguishing between pathological and passionate gaming. The study is based on

studies of video game arcades and research on Internet addiction. In order to arrive at a

general definition, it is essential to have a solid understanding of the potentially

hazardous components of excessive gaming. According to Lee YS., et al. (2021),

excessive usage of computer games despite dysfunction in daily life has become a

global issue in the field of psychiatry due to the fact that various countries are

experiencing social problems. In light of this perspective, the Diagnostic and Statistical

Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has included Internet gaming

disorder (IGD) in the portion of the manual that is dedicated to new metrics and models

(APA, 2019).

In addition, psychological disorders are present in a sizeable proportion of

patients who have been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (Anderson JS, 2021).

The prominent development comorbidities are major depressive disorder (MDD) and

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which are two of the most prevalent

disorders. Both of these conditions are associated with mental health issues. The

prevailing therapeutic modalities for IGD are psychological and pharmacological

interventions (Chang R., et al., 2020). The majority of psychological treatments for IGD

have been cognitive-behavioral in nature and have proven to be highly effective in

symptom reduction. In contrast, there has been significant variation in the

pharmacological treatments employed for IGD. In general, therapeutic interventions

have encompassed psychostimulants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),

inhibitors of the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, as well as non-selective

inhibitors of dopamine and norepinephrine transporters (Delfabbro PH, et., al., 2019).
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