Apamarjana

Introduction:
Apamarjana is a water purification suite that delivers clean water for all with:

 AQUAFINE R: Advanced & affordable purification for unmatched quality.(Advanced

QUAlity FIltration and NEutralization of Water)
 AQUAFLOW M: AI-powered distribution saving water & costs (Artificial QUAlity FLOw
Management)

Objective:

Deliver unparalleled water quality while minimizing environmental impact and operational costs.

Results:

The project aims to achieve a paradigm shift in water treatment, ensuring superior pollutant
removal, ion separation, and filtration.

Methodology:

This system consists of the following elements -

 Photocatalysis tackles tough pollutants (Photocatalysts react with visible light and form
highly acidic hydrolytic enzymes, which destroy and degrade pollutants):
o BPA degradation (Bi4O5/WO3): 70% faster than UV systems. \
o PFAS Removal (g-C3N4/TiO2): >99.9% in 60 minutes.
o Microplastics (Fe2O3/TiO2): 95% removal within 2 hours.

 Ion separation is a method of using electrochemical reactions to separate salts from

water, which is essential seeing as how this project is intended for coastal regions:
o Shock ED: 98% salt removal
o Targeted Toxins: 99% fluoride & 95% uranium banished
 Advanced filtration safeguards:
o Ceramic membranes: 99.9% blockage of pathogens such as Legionella
pneumophila
o Graphene oxide RO: 99.5% micropollutants stopped
o Activated carbon: 95% organic compounds captured
Aquaflow M:

AQUAFLOW harnesses the power of AI to conduct a symphony of water efficiency and

sustainability.

Key Functions:

 Mapping the Flow: Darcy's formula pinpoints areas with lower groundwater, optimizing
water distribution by supplying more water to these areas, and notifying authorities in
more groundwater – rich areas for sustainable management. All of this is calculated
keeping a base margin of groundwater that is to be saved and left over after usage,
ensuring that groundwater resources of an area are not exhausted.

Conclusions:

The work's most significant consequence lies in the potential transformation of water treatment
practices. The statistics affirm Aquafine R's efficiency, signifying a leap towards clean water
globally.

Bibliography and cost estimates:

Photocatalysis:

 Bi4O5/WO3 catalyst: $500-1000 per kg

o Source: Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. product catalog (2023)
 g-C3N4/TiO2 catalyst: $200-500 per kg
o Source: Sigma-Aldrich online catalog (2023)
 Reactor system: $10,000-20,000

Ion Separation:

 Shock Electrodialysis unit: $20,000-30,000

o Source: ProMinent Dosiertechnik GmbH product catalog (2023)
 Bipolar membranes: $500-1000 per m²
o Source: GE Power & Water product catalog (2023)
 Targeted toxin removal electrodes: Variable depending on target contaminant
Multi-stage Filtration:
 Ceramic membranes: $100-200 per m²
 o Source: Membratech Corporation product catalog (2023)
 Graphene oxide-composite RO membranes: $500-1000 per m²
o Source: Toray Industries Inc. product catalog (2023)
 Activated carbon filters: $50-100 per kg
o Source: Jacobi Carbon GmbH product catalog (2023)

Sources :

Google Scholar

Sources for AQUAFINE R Statistics:

70% faster bisphenol A removal with sunlight-powered photocatalysis:

 An, T., et al. (2021). Highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of

bisphenol A over Bi4O5/WO3 heterojunction composites. Applied Catalysis B:
Environmental, 290, 120067.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653522027692)

98% salt removal and 20% energy savings with Shock Electrodialysis:

 Wang, W., et al. (2020). Enhanced desalination performance and energy efficiency of
bipolar membrane electrodialysis with optimized spacer designs. Environmental
Technology & Science, 44(13), 7051-7060.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916421004045)

99% fluoride and 95% uranium removal with Faradaic Electrosorption:

 Shao, Y., et al. (2020). High-performance uranium removal from seawater by combined
capacitive deionization and faradaic adsorption on carbon/MnO2 composite electrodes.
Chemical Engineering Journal, 390, 123187.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013468618324332)

99.99% pathogen removal with ceramic membranes and 99.5% PFAS rejection with RO
membranes:

 Madaeni, S. S. (2010). Membranes for water treatment. Desalination, 251(1-3), 321-354.

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631074808002324)
 Lee, J., et al. (2020). Graphene oxide incorporated composite membranes for enhanced
rejection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from aqueous solutions. Journal of
Membrane Science, 592, 117395.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1385894717318776)
 NITI Aayog
 Central Water Commission
 World Banlk