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Edexcel A P1 18 Q8-1
Edexcel A P1 18 Q8-1
Edexcel A P1 18 Q8-1
(a) The first three ionisation energies of calcium are shown in the table.
(i) Complete the table by identifying the specific orbital from which each
electron is removed.
(2)
(ii) Write the equation for the third ionisation energy of calcium.
Include state symbols.
+ (1)
3 .
e
et >
-
>
Ca T
.
charged Yet Difference is small . The 3r IS
. . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .............. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
ES attraction
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noclers :
Strange Forces of
. . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .............. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
.
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(b) The diagram, which is not drawn to scale, shows the Born-Haber cycle for
lithium fluoride. The energy changes are given in kJ mol−1.
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Li+(g) + F(g) + e−
↑
+79
!
616759
Y -
Y -1031 = -
1374
+ −
Li (g) + ½F2(g) + e
+ 520 +
y 343
79 +520 Li+(g) + F−(g)
=
Li(g) + ½F2(g)
=
1374
+159
Li(s) + ½F2(g)
−1031
−616
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LiF(s)
XB −343
C −432
D −889
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*(c) The table shows the theoretical and experimental lattice energy values of two compounds.
Comment on the theoretical and experimental lattice energy values, giving the
reasons for any differences and similarities.
(6)
than
its theoretical 25 This means the
. . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .............. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.
which causes
polarization in Iodine
.
. . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .............. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
polarization .
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. . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .............. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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