ffers from difficulties when dealing with concentrated forces, multi-span and

skewed plate, etc. In

order to overcome these shortcomings of the finite strip method, the spline finite
strip was devised by Cheung et al [3] in 1982. This method is, in fact, the
marriage of spline functions and local interpolating polynomial of standard finite
element method. Extensive numerical examples on right plates and shells were
welldocumented in their paper, but the applicability of this method in the analysis
of
skewed plates remains unexplored. The main theme of the present paper is to extend
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive
attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals
to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the
"weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small
parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is
obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but
nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by
computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity
and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of
behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and
explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of
raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate,
the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system
of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
ap +u_~_xp+ au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p,s),
(i.0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of
detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a
boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and
the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction
wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state
parameters of products
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive
attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals
to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the
"weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small
parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is
obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but
nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by
computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity
and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of
behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and
explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of
raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate,
the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system
of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
ap +u_~_xp+ au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p,s),
(i.0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of
detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a
boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and
the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction
wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state
parameters of products1728 M.J. Chen, L.G. Tham and Y.K. Cheung
the technique to p&ra].ielogram plate, and its convergence is established as a
general case of the spliJ~e finite strip method. In fact, this technique can be
easily adoLted for the .~nalysis of curved F.]ates ant~ quadri]ntera] she]]s, and
its
full details will be :!iscumsed in a f{~Tthcominq paper.
1 i . Statement of Problems
.vi
I
I
aD
r"
~'//
"/
r
r .('2,,/
/ /
/ 5-V
21
/
%
D
t ~ t
FJ.'z. ! Plato
={(x, t~)lkU<L~:<kt~+a,
~]<y<<b}, a>O, b>O, k=tg~
We consider a parallelogram i:d,te s (Pig.l) :
i~y<x<k.,j+a 0<y<b ; a, b>0, /~=tgO
Wi~i-: L.'U~:d.~-~"f ~], where (@~)~, (8.Q)~ and
(8_Q)~ den{,tes the clamped, simply-supported
.~:.! free-ed,nes respectively, and
as L} (as
in the realm of Kirchhoff's plate beBding,
t]:{, tet,-~l e n e r m \ is: ] ( W ) =
9
-. a_x~ ) ( c)y~ ,
- +2v Ohv d ~:~ a~w c3y_z + 2 ( l - - v ) ( Oxat] ;}dxdy-- IIqwdxdy
bendinq riqJdJt,: and Rc:isson's ratio resloectivel"/.
must satisfy the boundary conditi{-}ns:
am
w...~_-an-..~0 a l o n g (O,.O),
~=-0 along (d.Q)2
v.here to is t]~e displs, cement function, q is
the external l<,adi~q, D &nd v are the
The dis}~lacement function
(z.1)
(2.z)
and
( 2 . 3 )
o r e.:iuiva!cnt] },,
O x 2 O.W + @.v: dy ~
azw c~Zw*
+ 2 ( ] - , ) axay a~ay
i n w h i c h w § m u s t 1)e e q u a l l y s m o o t h a s
w * = -a.w-*-= 0 along
an
~ u . = 0 along
} d x d y = I ~ q w * d x d y Vw* ( 2 . 4 )
D
w and it satisfies the boundary conditions:
( a ~ ) , ( 2 . 5 )
( a ~ ) ~ ( ~ . 6 )
I l l . C o o r d i n a t e T r a n s f o r m a t i o n and D i s c r e t i s a t i
o n
Choosing the transformation,
~=a~ +kbn, g=b n (3.1]
the plate will be mapl~ed into tile region b=[0, l]X[0. 1] in the ~--~/ plane.
In addition, the relationship between the second derivatives of the two planes can
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive
attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals
to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the
"weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small
parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is
obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but
nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by
computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity
and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of
behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and
explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of
raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate,
the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system
of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
ap +u_~_xp+ au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p,s),
(i.0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of
detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a
boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and
the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction
wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state
parameters of productsAnalysis o? Thin Parallelogram Plates' Bending 1729
be e,~,~;Jly est,~blished as:
0z
0 uz -----
0 '
a,~ I 0 0 OU 21
k~ 1 k 0 z
a~ 9 - 2' O~"
O~On
and olte can now construct the i=ot,31 energl,
plate
for
function Jm the
(3.z)
)~U plane fo~- [he
J(m)----=2II{d a-(]-Fk ) +b~k-Orfl] +--ab ( 1 - - v + 2 k a ) ( O~Oq )~
+ 2 ab O~ z On~ --~
z3(~, n)=w(a~+,~2m @).
~'=-O~ = o
~ = o ,, ! c.,na (O-Oh
2
The transformed boundary conditi,,]:~: ,9rr then:
( 3 . 3 )
t7
where (8~ (/=I, 2, 3) are the Jm~ages r~f (0,Q)j under ~,,
the transformation (3.1).
In the context of tLe s[;line striE, t]qe whole
dcmaJ~ 5 is i a.rtitioned into s<rir, (Fig. 2) such
that
n - 1 ^
~ - - U ~,, ~?;=[-~,o &+j• '], & = Z I
in tile [;cesent apoycach z~(~, ~) in ~,Qj is
.. t tTo
interp#9 b'z' U e r m i t e Folynomi:~l i n the ~-direc- t~
v 7" C!.
cic,n and ~--3 sl<tine in the otheY d~;-e<'t~on, th,at
%
(3.4)
r
b
Q~
t
i
2 .,,.c3 t..... ~"
,,=, ?, h= ,i=,),
t_ 0
4,(,n {2}, }
oh(tO {a}-j.~ 1(35)
= ~ ' - ~ h h - - n 3
{ a b = [ a , , _ . ..., aj .... ~V, { ~ } r = [ ~ , . _ . "". ,G,~.,]r~
N~(t)=i--3t~ q-2ts, lv~.(r)=t(1--2t+tz),
Ns( t)=3tz-- 2ta, .N~(r tz--t );
r ~o.'.~), -.., q~,~+,@)].
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive
attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals
to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the
"weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small
parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is
obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but
nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by
computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity
and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of
behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and
explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of
raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate,
the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system
of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
ap +u_~_xp+ au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p,s),
(i.0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of
detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a
boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and
the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction
wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state
parameters of products1 7 3 0 M . J . C h e n , L . G . T h a m a n d Y . K . C h e
u n g
] I ~ ' + 3 , ~ = ( r / - - ~ , _ , ) + 3 ) ( p - = r / , _ , ) ' - - 3 ( r l - - r
/ , _ , ) s r/,_,~r/~<r/,
~,(0)= -~- ^ ^
BI ~ l'~-t-31=(rh+:--rl)-t-3[(rh.~:--rl)Z--3(rh+=--~7) s rl,<rl<~<rh+,
( rl, +.. - - rl ) "~ rl, + : < r l ~ r l , + :
f= I, ~,=d.
I n o r d e r t,, s a t i s f y t h e f o r c e d b , ) u n d ~ r y c o n d i t i o
n s a l o n g t h e t o p ,Hid bot~-nf-,
~ges, the first ~i-~d last tlnee ]~ a] sT] Jnes T.i(~) (3=--I, 0, I and ,n--l)
~b rn+l) i~a\,e to 1oe m<~di~iod acc#9 to Table I,
Table i. Hc,difipd local sNline to satisfy forced boundary
c~.n(:iti, i!s at q=~0~0
- ~k~:-.s " <5. ] i
s L i i~,~ I - i' - -
conditlohs - ~ - I I
Free End ~_~ I ~';o " i q~
Simply Su] ved End- IEjill'-! - i......
w (~;0]:0 ~111ateG q~ 4T-I ] q)I--q-J
i
tlamped End: L]im-i Eliminated
w ( ~ o ) = w ' ( , ~ o ; : O Iinated I - 2 ~ o + ~ - ,
and ~(77) is now rewritten as
~(~)=[~_,, ~o, ~,, ~,, ..., ~,_=, ~_,. ~., ~..,]
Furthermore, the boundarf conditions for the ]eft and the Light edqes can be
imposed as the standard method.
Once the disLelacement functions F<~r the strip !k~ve been chosep, the strip
characteristics including stiffness, load and mass matrices can be cd]tained in
line with t].e standard finite element method formu]atio~.
IV. Error Estimation of Spline Finite Strip Hethoq
]~ Error of the energy norm.
The spline finite stri~, element enables C ~ c~ ntinuity by emF]oying only two
parameters per node, and this is detinitely an advantage over the finite element
method. However, it is necessary to establish the order of convergence of the m<--
thod. T],e followii~g proof is based on c]~mped edges })ut the proof for othe~
bounddrv conditions s}b~ll follow readily. We also found the proof on a stronger
condation so as to avold the abstract Sobolev's space.
If z~(x, y)(C "~ and Lun,m(x,y) denote the exact and apFro:<imate solution, then
c].~4 o,~ I c]x20~/~ Jo,~ c].u4 .
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive
attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals
to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the
"weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small
parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is
obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but
nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by
computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity
and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of
behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and
explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of
raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate,
the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system
of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
ap +u_~_xp+ au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p,s),
(i.0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of
detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a
boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and
the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction
wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state
parameters of productsA n a l y s i s of T h i n , P a r a l l e l o g r a m P l a
t e s ' Bending 1731
]vo--w., ,, ~, < c ( l . a x ' O'w~- o,~ h ' + I _ax,au, a'w _ ~ hl + a'w au" o,,
l" )(h-t-l)
I ~ o,~ %c( -Ox~ 0,, h'+ i - Ox'Ovz ! , , , Or' 0 , ,
where h,~-a]{, l ~ l
a~d I'I~,~ is defined as
9 OJq~ -,
PEOC) f : --
The exact soluti<n tu(~, g) must satisfy the boundary conditions
Ozo along O.Q (4.2)
w-~ On-~O
and eq. (2.4) in f2 On the other hand w.,.,(V..~ also has to satisfy the
boundary conditions and
(4.]b)
( 4 . t o )
j { ~z O~,,,. OZw* O*w.,,. O~w*,,.
0 zw . , ~ ~ 0 7 . w .... v Ozva"'~ OZw~'' }dxdy
----flqw*.,.dxdv Vw,~,,~(V,,.. ~,4,3]
V.... is a finite dimensional space and its element_ is defined as follows:
L = .~(:~..w)l kbt +/t~<.~<.~kbt+(j + lJh, v=bt, O<t~<l}
{see Fiq. I). Under the transformation,
is mapF,ed into b . Th~ inverse of transformer.ion (4.4)
: , - ~ v - / h ,~= ~_, (~,y)(f~
. . . . . . t;- "
F o r evel-:,,, v(:~,u)(V .....
t4.4)
is r~bviously
then
Furthermore, t~s(.~,r;) can be written as
m+l
,3j(~,r;)= ~ [a,,,N,(~)+flj,,N2(~)+aj+,,~N3(~)+fIj+l,,N,(~)]qo,(n" (4.6)
t - - !
It has now sho~ that v(x,y) is a product of HermJte cubic po]vnomia] and cubic
spline. Globally, u(CJ(~2) and satisfies the boundary conditions:
Or___ 0 alonq O~Q (4.7)
V= On
Now let us denote cubic spline and Hermite cubic p,~lynomial as Os and Os
respectively,
k/q(~), (liuq)(~) is a cubic polunomial and satisfy
(O,~)(o)=qXO), (u.~)(l)=,p(t), (v,~q~)'(o)=q~'(o), (0,,~)'/l)=~'(1)
~(0), (0sVJ)(n) is a ~'ubic spline and satisfy
(vs~)(n,)= ~(~j) (/=o,1....,m), COs~)'(~,)=~'(m) (/=o,m)
Define the [:rojection of ~o(x~ y) on ~,,m by ~.,.(x, g): ~!:en (x, .y)(~i,
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive
attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals
to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the
"weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small
parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is
obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but
nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by
computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity
and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of
behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and
explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of
raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate,
the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system
of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
ap +u_~_xp+ au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p,s),
(i.0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of
detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a
boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and
the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction
wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state
parameters of products1752 M.J. Chen, L . G . Tham and Y.K. Cheunc
2~.,m(.~:. , ) = (77~t,:)(~,
f o r ~j(~, : l ) : w ( h D ; + h b r l + . i h . b:l). ~, ~ ~!~c]
^
i 7 =Oz~ O.~=t)u 0 = .
In ,:,zde~ t> ] Yove t];e set of inoquT:]itics (4.i)
'<nc.~,.T~ 5:~:,ite ele~~ent ffogd]ts [''] ,
l w - ~ . , mi,, , ~ < C o i ~ - - ~ . , ml,,
l + v
for c{, -- 1---p
Usi:l<! the Cauch,~ 's i?.<qu~lit'<,
O : ( ~ - I I ~ : ) ! +[~. a=(~',--17~',) O~( "&'~--[T&'j
- t?O~ ~ J L'~. . . . id_O%~ - +2h bhO&]r/ " -
^
+
-- b~O~l: " _ h:O~ :~ bh6~O~ J J
^
.bh II{(/.>;.+ 2h3 q.-3hz-~-, 2h ~- i)[ az(~l-/j20~217/"7'] ~) l~
3
+ [ ]:
+(.h'-F2/{+l)[ Oz('z?': 02 - ] 787,zTb) ]~]
^
<c(,< LOiii[[[ <Y({,:I]ST~o) /1~ ~.r 0~(7,,---#7~7)_ ] '
' J . / h . i? O~~- J L h O~ &;
g
^
+[ a~(5~ - - I ~ , ) ~ l <
On" ] j d , D d ~
v.'}ll.:"': :_-,([7, b ) ~::, :" < r ~ ! ' : - : t , = h r t-;: ; ,5m]-,<.::~]!
3 ,"." h ::,~!_c:], b
^
A s ] [ = ( 7 ~ 0 1 s ~ . O s O a
9 ,-,,,~- : : . : .:.-::<5!.1." s h { , , " t h u . t i 4 ] [ 5 ] t
., a,-' I o. , i a..i~-aS ,~, ~," ~ + a.,s' .
9~,
O b v i.':'a s l : . ' ,
t w - m . . . . i ~ , : < ~ c ( / ~ , b ) a x [ ~ D~+, o.'~-oG ~ I<,,~ l av" o , ~
(4.8)
, ;,:e hLve !-o r~'cal] the we].l-
(~.9)
(4 ~05
<~.}1)
This t.~n be corrS~ined with (4.-~ t<, :;i-,;e t{.]a) .
In c.rde] ~ to l-,~',z~\'< (4.i<), w,.-:]i~\,c. t.-~ ccnsider the plate ~Q unc]er
the loading
(~0--mn,~). T],e corresp,_~ndinq e:<act ~nd &ppr:~xtmate <(.]uti, r~.c .:~,re
dcnote,] by u(x, U)
_tr:d u~,m(x, y) Yes ! ective]'_,.', r'~.:m t)~e dt-finJt [on u(x,~j), w,_, have
(e,.i. (2~ ,
ffr 0~-~ O ~ ( w -~c~. . . . ) O"-u O ~ ( w - - t , J , , , , , , )
9 Oxz
+~,[ O2u O~(v~--w . . . . ) + 0 % a~(w-vJ_ . . . . _ ) 1
a x 2- 0:4~ . OV 2- 3-~ ..,
02t~, Oz('~v--tu, ,~)'1. {]xd~j (419 )
+2(!--v) OxOU - O x O V ] " "
a!~d the definitions of vd and it,.... (er!s. (2.4~ , (4.5)) ,
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive
attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals
to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the
"weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small
parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is
obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but
nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by
computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity
and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of
behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and
explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of
raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate,
the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system
of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
ap +u_~_xp+ au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p,s),
(i.0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of
detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a
boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and
the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction
wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state
parameters of productsAnalysis of Thin Parallelogram Plates' Bending 1733
C cmJ~iP,e eqs.
F o r l u - - u . . ,~1~, ~
,S.S 8
deduce
-{ 3 * ( u ' - w .... ) O * u " " 4 W ( ~ v - - w . . . . ) O'u.,.,
- o x ~ . . . . s o:- . . . . . . ob ~ - -
r O * ( w - w , , , , ) Oq~.... O~(va-w . . . . ) 0 % . , ,~ ~,
+ ' L - - o 2 . . . . o : ' - - + - o S - -
+ 2 ( I - v ) O~(w--w"'~') 0 % . , . , ~ . .
(4.12) and (4.13), tl,en b 5 Cauchy's Inequalit7
: W ( u - u .... ) d~(~v-w.,,~) W(u--u.,.,)
l w - w . . . . I g , ~ = - { Ox ~ O:d + O~.,"
r
I O X u - u . . , . ) O ~ ( w - w . , . , ) + O ~ ( u - u . . . . ) O f f t o - a ,
. . ~ )
o'(w-~o, . . )
( 4 . 1 3 )
. . . . aa(u--u"'=) OZ(w--w""~) ].]dxdy
zt~--v) --OxOy - &~O,u --
~ ( ~ + , , ) I w - w , , ~,1, ~ l u - u,, ,~1 ~., ,~ (4. ~ )
, one can show that (eq. (4.11)) ,
i , ~ O'u ' it u - u , . . , l ~ , ~ < ~ c - ( k . b ) ~ , l - a x , o,o ~- I
Ox~OJ" I ~ o,
~ c ' i - ( k . b ) l w - - w . , ..1o, ~(h+g) ~
is the exact selution for plate <u]der the loadins; ( w - - t v . , m ) , '.'e c a
n
lu- u.. ,~l,. ~<-c-}(a. b) I ~ - u , . , .d o. o(h+l) "
Co~%ining the dbc~ve relation with
Ira--m"' "I0, a , we :,.rrive .~t (4.1c) .
From Green's form~.lla and Cauchy's inequality,
9o 0:,. 09
D
~ / " 2-Iw-w~,, -i~ ~" i w - w ~ .1~,
< , , / ' ~ c ~ ( k , b ) lw--w. ,~ ! ~ ,,~ ( h +1) ~
which is simply the scuare o f (4.1b).
2 ~ Maximum error norm.
U . , - ~ . . ~ i i o <~c:, 4 ( i , + r ) ( ~ !~xo;o~,o, i: 04w i, ~. )
~ l + n 2 - 4
e>0 and
(4.1:;) and eilminatinc the cc,mpon term
(4.J.5)
aa~ll) ~:Q
P z o o f : -
We first note the trlangular inequality,
It follows fcom t)ie definition , f maximum norm tha~ there will exist {6 (0
.~</0.<~n--1), such th'.t
~ ~,~,,,, -(/~2,,~ !? + ~z~,0 --0. ~,,0 t~ + b%,o - Oe~,0 - Os(~0 --0:3~. )n~
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive
attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals
to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the
"weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small
parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is
obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but
nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by
computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity
and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of
behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and
explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of
raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate,
the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system
of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
ap +u_~_xp+ au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p,s),
(i.0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of
detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a
boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and
the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction
wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state
parameters of products1734 M.J. Chen, L.G. Tham and Y.K. Cheung
Recalling tile well-kno~nl results of error estimati,~n for Hermite and B--3
spline interpolati,,n, we have [4] ' [5]
SimilarJy, there will exist {0 (0~J0~n--1)such that
D ~ . . - - ~ , . ~ b = ~ , . = - w , . , I ~j~ = UF / ~ o -~'., -.~ ; (4. ~8)
where z%.,.(~.r/)=-z~,,,,~(h~-t-~ri+]oh, b~) . In the Q-directio!l, ,The can find
~o (O~,~c,~m--t) for
~J~,jo - ~ . , =~?~= Nn , ; , . - ~ . . . , n s * (4. tg)
whe re
It can show ~-eadily that
<.oh - + I~.,=--~o...,1,,~
<ch--}( I~. , . , - ~ Io,o+ Iw - ~ , , . Io,,~)
From ( 4 . 1 c ) and ( 4 . 1 1 ) , we h a v e
Kk0 -Ox~ o, ,ohZ+ OxZOY~ o,
+ I O'w
or" o, ,}' )(h+/)~ (4.eo)
Combining (4.]6), (4.17)~ (4.18), (4.19) and (4.20), we prove (4.15).
V. Numerical Examples
L // / / / I 17--
' , ' I I I I
/ I / I , , 1 1
; / , I / 7 + B I I /_1
,o,,,, , ; , / 1 1
O[// l I ,/ t,//, I, I I/1.
I 1 " l
!
-ig. 3 Mesh for the
numeric.l! ox]mp]~.
The test example is an uniformly loaded
parallelogram plate with two parallel simplysupported edges and two free edges
(Fig. 3).
The skew angle is varied from zero (right plate)
to 60 ~ and the Poisson's ratio is taken as 0.31.
The present mesh consists of nine nodes in the
y-direction and six strips (n=7) in the .zdirection. The results are compared with
Ramstad [7] at two different points (A and B,
.Wig. 3). It is obvious that high accuracies for
both deflection and moment are achieved by the
present toothed (Figs. 4-5).
*) All norms of finite dimensional space are equivalent.
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive
attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals
to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the
"weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small
parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is
obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but
nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by
computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity
and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of
behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and
explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of
raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate,
the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system
of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
ap +u_~_xp+ au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p,s),
(i.0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of
detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a
boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and
the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction
wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state
parameters of productsAnalysis of Thin Parallelogram Plates' Bending 1735
1.5
1.0
0.5
~t pl
Spline Finite Strip ,
SDI ine-F inite Strio o.9
=' - - ~ 8"4 o.3~ f /
~.._.~_....,.-,..,--~ r/~
60" 45" 30" ]5" O"
0
L
~o" L ~5" , 30" , Is" O: _~
Fig. 4 Deflection of Fig. 5 Principle moments and
points A and B. direction of point B.
VI. Conclusion
In this paper, it is shown both numerically and mathematically that spline
finite strip method can be applied in the analysis of parallelogram plate. The
spline finite strip only requires two parameters (displacement and rotation) per
node for interpolation to satisfy C ~ continuitl, , and this will definitely have
advantage over the standard conforming element of which four unknowns (w, 8~, 0r,
and @=w) per node are required. In addition, the order of convergence is the
same for both cases
REFERENCES
( I ) Zienkiewiez, 0 C., The Finite Element Method, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, U.K.,
(1974).
(2) Cheung, Y.K., Finite Strip Method in Structur~l Analysis, Ist Ed., Pergamon
Press, (1976).
(3) Cheung, Y.K., S.C. Fan and C.Q. Wu, spline Finite Strip in Structural Analysis,
proc. of the Int. Conf. on Finite Element Method, Shanghai, .(1982),
704-709.
(4) Schultz, M.H., Spline Analysis, Prentice-Hall Inc., (1973).
(5) Li, Y.S. and D.X. Qi, Spline Method, science Press, (1979). (in Chinese)
(6) Ciarlet, P.G., Numerical Analysis of Finite Element Method (Chinese Version),
(1975).
(7) Ramstad, H., Parallelogram Elements in Bending, Accuracy and Convergence of
Results, Div. of Structural Mechanics, The Technical University of Norway,
(1967).
Abstract
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive
attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals
to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the
"weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small
parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is
obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but
nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by
computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity
and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of
behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and
explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of
raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate,
the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system
of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
ap +u_~_xp+ au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p,s),
(i.0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of
detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a
boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and
the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction
wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state
parameters of products