BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT AY-2023-2024

FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM PROJECT

CSE –A BATCH-2TEAM 1

ROLL NUMBER NAMES

23H51A0533 KATIPELLY SAHITHI REDDY
23H51A0534 KATKURI SATHYANARAYANA
23H51A0535 KOLANUPAKA SAMITH SURYA
23H51A0536 KOORA AKSHITHA
23H51A0537 KOTA SAI BHAVYA SRI
23H51A0538 KOTA SUDESHNA
 ABSTRACT:
This project includes a thermistor which is connected
to Bc547. Thermistor acts like a variable resistance
based on the heat it is exposed to. Under heat
conditions, the thermistor lowers its resistance,
increasing the current across the first transistor which
will turn on the Buzzer via relay. Once the thermistor is
cooled, the buzzer turns off.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
 4 1k ohm resistors
 1 10k ohm resistor
 2 LED's ( one for power , one for trigger)
 5v SPST Relay
 Thermistor
 9V volts battery
 BC547 BJT ,
 2 IN4007 Rectifier Diode
 10 micro farad capacitor
 circuit board
 Buzzer
WORKING:
 ADVANTAGES:
1. Simple Design: The circuit is relatively simple, with a few key
components, making it easy to understand and implement.
2. Low Cost: The components used in this circuit are generally inexpensive,
making it cost-effective for temperature monitoring applications.
3. Versatility: This type of circuit can be adapted for various temperature
ranges and applications by selecting an appropriate thermistor and
adjusting component values.
4. Reliability: The relay provides a robust switching mechanism, and the
BC547 transistor serves as an amplifier, enhancing the reliability of the
circuit.
5. Audible Alarm: The inclusion of a buzzer provides an audible alert,
making it suitable for applications where a visible alarm might not be
sufficient.
 DISADVANTAGES:
1. Temperature Response Time: The response time of the circuit may not be
instantaneous, especially during rapid temperature changes. The thermistor may have a
certain time lag in responding to temperature variations.
2. Calibration Issues: Achieving precise temperature control may require careful
calibration of the circuit, and environmental factors could influence the accuracy.
3. Limited Temperature Range: The circuit may have a limited temperature range based
on the characteristics of the chosen thermistor.
4. Power Consumption: Depending on the application, the relay may consume more
power compared to solid-state alternatives, and continuous operation of the buzzer could
lead to higher power consumption.
5. Maintenance: Mechanical relays, being electromechanical devices, may have a limited
lifespan compared to solid-state components. This could lead to maintenance issues over
time.
6. Complexity for Extreme Conditions: For applications in extreme temperature
conditions, additional measures may be needed to ensure the reliability and performance
of the circuit.
Thank you