co CONTENTS | 63 TIPS TIP 01 _| Linear Function Page 008 TIP 02 _| Rate of Change Page 012 TIP 03 _| Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Page 014 TIP 04 _| Midpoint and Distance between Two Points Page 015 TIP 05 _| System of Linear Equations Page 016 TIP 06 _| Area enclosed by Lines Page 018 TIP 07 _| Line Reflection Page 019 TIP 08 | Quadratic Function Page 020 TIP 09 _| System of Linear and Quadratic Equations Page 022 TIP 10 _| System of Linear Inequalities Page 023 TIP 11 _| System of Linear and Quadratic Inequalities Page 025 TIP 12. | Area enclosed by Curves Page 026 TIP 13 | Domain and Range Page 027 TIP 14 _| Composition of Function Page 028 TIP 15 _| Function Undefined Page 029 TIP 16 _| Identical Equation Page 030 TIP 47 _| Even and Odd Funetions Page 031 TIP 18. | Factoring Pag TIP 19 _| Direct Variation (Direct Proportion) Page 033 TIP 20 | Inverse Variation Page 034 TIP 21 _| Sum and Product of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation Page 035 TIP 22_| Remainder Theorem Page 036 TIP 23 _| Factor Theorem Page 037 TIP 24 | Circle in the xy-plane Page 038 TIP 25 _| Average Speed Page 039 TIP 26 _| Percentage Page 040 TIP 27 _| Ratios and Proportion Page O41TIP 28 _| Ratios in Similar Figures TIP 29 _| Percent of a Solution (Mixture) Page 44 TIP 30 _| Exponents Page 45 TIP 31 _| Exponential Growth and Decay Factor Page 46 TIP 32 _| Defined Operations Page 47 TIP 33 _| Functions as Models Page # TIP 34 | Combined Rate of Work Page 49 TIP 35 _ | Combined Range of Two Intervals Page 50 TIP 36 _| Absolute Value Page 31 TIP 37 _| Parallel Lines with Transversal TIP 38 _| Triangle Inequality TIP 39 _| Ratio of areas of Triangles with the same height Page 55 TIP 40 _| Special Right Triangle Page 56 TIP 41_| Proportions in a Right Triangle Page 57 TIP 42. | Pythagorean Theorem TIP 43 _| Transformation Page 59 TIP 44 _| Classifying a Group in two different ways Page 60 TIP 45 _| Discriminant Page 61 TIP 46 | Handshakes Page 63 TIP 47 _| Consecutive integers Page 64 TIP 48 _ | Complex Numbers Page 65 TIP 49_| Circles Page 66 TIP 50 _| Trigonometric Function and Cofunetion Page TIP 51_ | Asymptote Page TIP 52 _| Probability Page 70 TIP 53 _| Geometric Probability go TIP 54 | Data Interpretation Tip 55 | Box-and-Whisker Plot Tip 56 _| Linear Correlation Coefficient Tip 57 _| Scatter Plot and a Line of best fit Tip 58 | Standard Deviation Tip 59 | Two-way frequency table Tip 60 _| Two-way relative frequency table Tip 61 _| Statistical Study and Sample Technies Tip 62 _| Confidence Interval and Margin of Error Page 84 Tip 63 | Solid Page 85‘Tips Answers and Explanations: Page 87 Practice Tests Practice Test 01 Page 111 Practice Test 02 Page 143 Practice Test 03 Page 173 Practice Test 04 Page 201 Practice Test 05 Page 231 Practice Test 06 Page 261 Practice Test 07 Page 291 Practice Test 08 Page 321 Practice Test 09 Page 353 Practice Test 10 Page 383 Practice Test 11 Page 413 Practice Test 12 Page 45 Practice Test 13 Page 473 Practice Test 14 Page 503 Practice Test 15 Page 533 Practice Test 16 Page 561Dr. John Chung’s SAT Math 63 TIPSp 01 Linear Function The functions are called “linear” because they are precisely the funetions whose graph in the xy-plane is a straight line, Such a funetion can be written as 1) Slope-intercept form J(x)=mx-+b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. 2) Point-slope form yy; =m(x=.%,), Where (x,,y;) is the known point on the line: 3) General form avthy+e=0 4) Standard form ax+by=e the slope between any two points on the line is constant. m2? £(s2)-S(s) “ax x Pla) n= S35) Note: Notation of a point: 1) x and y coordinates: P(x, ») 2) Poa sO) 3) = 4 Example: f(-3)=5 means a point(-3, 5) SAT Practice 1. Fora lincar funetion f, (0) =2 and f(3)=5. If k= (5), what is the value of ? AS B) 6 QT 2 Ds a+b? A) 24 B) 36 ©) 48 D) 60 x | fa) 0 a 1 12 2 b ‘The table above shows some values for the function f. If f isa linear function, what is the value of3. Allinear function is given by ax+ by +e=0 represents the graph of the function? A) y B) ° D) and a >0, b<0, and ¢>0. Which of the following graphs best 4. Af f isalincar function and (3)=2 and £(5)=6, what is the y-intercept of the graph of f°? A)4 B) 2 Q 2 D) 4 5. If f isalinear function and f(3)=-2 and {(4)=-4 , what is the x-intercept of the graph of f ? Ay3 B) 25 o2 Do Dr. John Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tips 6 The graph ofa function f is shown inthe ay-plane above. If b= 2a, what is the value of a’? A) B) BleP(8,1) 7. The table above shows some values ofthe linear DB x function f for selected values of x. Which of the following represents the function 10, Inthe sy-plane above, a circle is tangent to line A) fo)=4-x the axis, and the y-axis. Ifthe radius ofthe B) f()=4-2x cite is 5, what isthe value of 1? ©) fix) =4420 7 by saa) BR Oo Db) 10 11, If f isalinear function and /(3)=6 and 3 /(5)=12, what is the slope of the graph of 8, Fahrenheit (°) and Celsius (C) are related by the ‘equation above. If Falrenheit temperature increased Ay2 by 27 degrees, what isthe degree inerease in Celsius? B)3 o4 A) 1S D)s B) 20 O32 D) 8 9. Inthe formula P- 10 ‘what is the inerease in A) 35 B) © 80 D) 140 12, Inthe xy-plane above, line ¢ passes through point P 1 and has aslope of -1, Whatisthe x-intercept of line £2 A) (4,0) B)(5,0) €)(6,0) D)(7, 0)13, The table above shows values ofthe linear function f forselected values of 2%. What is the value of 6? aul B) 22 2 D) 42 14, The table above gives values of the linear function _f 15, for selected values of x. What is the value of a+b? A)S B) 10 ©) 12 D) 18 3 OO Inthe s9-plane above, point P(42, m) lies on tine & ‘What is the value of am? A) 24 B) 30 ©) 36 D) 42 Dr. John Chung SAT Math 63 Tips "Rate of change 1) Fora line, the constant rate of change is the slope of the Hine and the slope is constant no matter what two points you calculated it on the line. 2) Fora curve, the average rate of change is the slope of the sceant line that passes through the two points on the curve. y Line y Secant: A line which passes through at two points of a curve. A x>.¥5) vi) x 7) 7 Yoh Constant rate of change = erate of change = SAT Practice 1, What is the average rate of change of 2. fan object is dropped from a cliff, then the distance, 1 in meters, it has fallen after 1 seconds is given by the f (x)= 537-4 as x changes trom 0 to 4? function d(¢)= 4.91", What is its average speed (average rate of change) over the interval between Ay2 BS C4 DNS 11 and (=3? A) 4.9 meters per second B) 9.8 meters per second ©) 19.6 meters per second D) 39.2 meters per second 12Questions 3 and 4 refer to the following information. 50 40 30: 20 10) Height of red rose (ine 0 10 20 3 40 50 60) 67 80 DAYS A flower plant isn shown in the graph and table above. mo) o | 2 10 35 20 | 7a 30 19.8 40 | 298 50, 334 oo | 375 7 | 392 80, 39.4 casured every day & The height, () inches, of the plant can be modeled by function which is 3. Find the average rate of change in height from 10to | 4, Which of the following intervals has the greatest 70 days? average rate of change? A) From 10 to 20 days B) From 20 to 30 days C) From 30 to 40 days D) From 40 to $0 days Dr. John Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tips 13Parallel and Perpendicular Lines we parallel ifanel only iftheir slopes {mmm} are equal with different y-inereepts [by .Ps} 2. Two are perpendicular if and only ifthe product of their slopes is ~1. (Negative reciprocal each other) y t y e t Lines are perpendicular: m =~ or mm, SAT Practice 1. Which of the following is an equation for the line 3. Which of the following is a linear equation for the passing through the point (—4, 1) that is parallel to line that is parallel to 3x+4y =12 through the 4x-2y=3? point (2, -3)? A) B) © D) 2. Which ofthe following is an equation forthe line passing through the point (4, 1) that is perpendicular to 4x2) =32 Ay “4Wiime Midpoint and Distance between Two Points ‘The midpoint of a line segment: Each coordinate of the midpoint ofa line segment is equal to the average of the 2), the comesponding coordinates ofthe endpoints of the line segment, Given the iwo end points (4), ¥1) and (x coordinates ofthe midpoint M(x,»)) ofthe line segment are yb, M(x.) ‘The distance between two poit Ven line segment 4B with endpoints A(x, » such that AP: PB = a:b , then point P is by SAT Practice Inthe xy~plane, the midpoint of AB is (10, 4). If the coordinates of point A are (5,1), what are the coordinates of point B? A) (5.3) By (6,4) C) (15,7) D)(20, 10) 2 If point (5, —3) is the midpoint of the line segment connecting point A(2a, 6) and point B(b, a), what is the value of a? Ay & B)12 C)16 D) 20 3. Line segment AB has endpoints 4(-6,5) and B(14,10). Ifpoint P ison AB such that AP: BP = ‘what are the coordinates of point P? A)(4.75) B)(2.7) (6.48) D)(3,6) Dr JOhn Chung's SAT Math 63 Tins Intriangle ABC in the xy-plane, the coordinates of point 4 are (~4, 4) and the coordinates of point B are (4,4). Ifthe area of AABC is 24, which of the following could be the coordinates of point C? A) (3,8) ©) (2-5) By (2,10) D) (-6,-4) 5. If the distance between (a,3) and (6,8) is 13, what isthe value of aA)? A4 BS C12 D)L6 IsSystem of Linear Equations A system of linear equations means two or more linear equations. If two linear equations intersect, that point of intersection is called the solution to the system of equations, 1) The system has exactly one solutio When two lines have different slopes, the system has only one and only one solution, 2) The system has no solution. ‘When two lines are parallel and have different intercept, the system has no solution, 3) The system has infinitely many solutions. When two lines are parallel and the lines have the same y intercept. From the standard form for the system of equations, ayxthy and ayx-+h,y=cy Hie One solution aut No solution 3) If Infinitely many solutions From the slope-intercept form for the system of equations yemx+h and y=myxr+by 1) Mm 4m One solution 2) Ifm,=m and +b, ‘No solution 3) lem =m and by Tafnitely many solutions 16 SAT Practice arth axthy=6 For which ofthe following values of &, will | 2, In the system of equations above, «and b are the system of equations above have no ‘constants, Ifthe system has infinitely many solutions, solution? what is the value of a+" AIO BS OS D) -10 6 B4 OO D)-4Bxthy=3 ax—4y=6 Inthe system of equations above, @ and are constants. For which of the following values of {a,b will the system have no solution? A) {-1, 2} B) {Ll} © fa D) {3-4} ax+3y=6 (a-1)x+(a-1)y=2 In the system of equations above, @ is a constant, If the system has no solution, what is the value of a?” Ay-3 BL o3 ps ‘The cost of long distance telephone call is determined by a basic fixed charge for the first 5 minutes and a fixed charge for each additional minute. Ifa 1S- ‘minute call costs $3.50 and a 20-minute call cos $4.75, what is the total cost, in dollars, of a 40-minute call? A) 825 B)9S0 C975.) 10.25 The tickets for a movie cost $8.00 for adults and $5.00 for children. If the total of 200 tickets were sold and the total amount of §1360 was collected, how many adult tickets were sold? Dr. John Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tips 7Vai Area enclosed by Lines In order to find the area enclosed by lines 1) a-intereepl, y-intercept, 2) Points of intersection of the lines. mostly we need to find SAT Practice 1. Thegraphor y=me +48 shown inthe splane | 3. The graphs ofthe factions and g are shown in above. If the area of triangle POR is 6, what is the the xy-plane above, What is the area of ARST? valuc of m? ay 3s 4 B) 50 V2 D- © 75 b) 0 y P40) 2. Inthe x-plne above, Hine mand tne # ne 8 perpendicular and intersect at point (2,6). What is the arca of triangle POR? A) 18 B) 24 © 2 D) 36ra Line Reflection When we look in the mirror, we ean sec the reflection. Mathematically, the image of line are created as follows, ures by reflecting overa given Reflecting across the x-anis: P(x, ») > P(x-y) | Reflecting across the y= Reflecting across the y-axis: P(x, ») P(x, y) Reflecting across the origin: P(x, y) +P (-x, -y) Reflecting across the =x: P(x, y) 9 P(x) SAT Practice 1. Inthe ay-plane, line ¢ is the reflection of line mt 3. Mfthe graph of 2x—3y=6 is reflected across the across the s+axis, I'the equation of line m is s-axis, which of the following represents the y= Lee, what isthe slopecfline £9 equation ofthe reflected grap? ° A) 2xs3y B) 2x+3y As B + o} D)s © 2x-3y D): 253, 2. Inthe sy-plane, line ¢ is the reflection of line am across he y-txi. [fhe to lines intersect at pint (4,5), which of the following must be true? Aja=-2 B)a=0 C)a=2 D) acd Dr John Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tips 19ie Quadratic Function In algebra, a quadratic function is a polynomial funetion in which the highest degree term is of the second degree. Forn ‘Axis of Symmetry Vertex 1) Standard form: f(x) =ax* +he+e (a #0) 2) Vertex form: f(x) =a(x—h) +k (a7 0) xh a= Vertical dilation factor (Ak) 3) Factored from: f(x)=a(x=x (x25), where x, and x are the roots of the quadratic mee function. ° 1) a>0 and y=ar +br-+e Axis of symmetry = 2) a<0 and y=ar +hr+e ySAT Practice Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following information. = 256-160" Abul is thrown straight up from the ground with an initial velocity of 256 feet per second. The equation albove describes the height the ball can reach in £ seconds, 1. Ifthe ball reaches its maximum height in k seconds, what isthe value of £2? 5, The graph of y=ax" +he-+e is shown in the ay-plane above, where a, b, and ¢ are constants A) s Tee oblige Jinru? B) 12 Which ofthe following must be true ©) 16 D) 24 La<0 1 >0 IH e>0 A) Lonly B) Land only ‘2. What is the maximum height, in feet, that the ball ©) Land only ——D) 1, Mand IIT will reach? A) 370 B) 384 ©) 1024 D) 1200 (x +2)(x-10) f(x)=a(x—hy +k 3. Ifthe function f above has a vertex at point 6 ‘The function isdefined by the equation above, (hk) in the xp-plane, what is the value of &? A) 36 B) -18 O° D) 18 y=3x-6r410 4. Which of the following is equivalent to the ‘equation above? A) y=3e 410 By y=3(x-1)°+7 oy Dr. John Chungjs SAT Math 63 Tips where a, A, and are-constants. a and & are negative, which of the following CANNOT be true? A) £(5)<0 D) f(O)=-* 2Equations System of Linear and Quadra’ Asystem of linear and quadratic equations can be solved 1) Algebraically 2) Graphically Example: Example: Solve the system of equations above algebraically Solution) x?-Sx+7=2x+1 > -Tx+6=0 > (x-1](x-6)=0 Therefore, x Lx=6 Atxsh y=2(I)+1=3 Atx=6, y=2(6)+1=13 ~ (1,3), (6,13) SAT Practice 2. How many solutions do the system of equations above? A)O B)1 (C)2_ Dp Infinitely many Inthe »9-plane above, the graphs of 4x45 and y -+1 intersect at points B and C, What is the area of quadrilateral ABCD?System of Linear Inequalities ‘The graph of the solution of as Example | pexed xreys4 Graph the solution of the system of inequalities above, Solution) fem of linear inequalities is the shaded region ofthe plane containing all points at are common solutions of the inequalities in the system. Example 2 vers yo2vs3 Inthe x7-plane, if (45) is solution othe system of inequalities above, what is the maximum possible value of 6°? y yo2es3 (P(a,) Atpoint P,ithas a maximum value of Find the intersection of the graphs. 2xt3=-1+6 > 3x=3 > -146=5 > P(I5) Therefore, the maximum value of b is 5. Dr. John Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tips 23SAT Practice 1, Which of the following inequalities describes the shaded region of the graph? f 2rty<0 A)y D) re y23 lr-yss 2. Inthe xy-plane, if (a, 4) isa solution to the system what is the maximum ‘of inequalities abov possible value of a’? 2 4 ays B> OF oD d= y 5 ) 24System of Linear and Quadratic Inequal yee vSx46 For the system of linear and quadratic inequalities above, the solution is the shaded area between the parabola y= x? and] the line y =x +6. In the ay-plane, if (2,6) is solution t the system of equations above, whats the menximum possible value of 6? Solution) We can sce the maximum valuc of B at point P. Now solve the system of equations. 0 > (x-3)(x42}=0 > x=3,-2 Pert6 9 tax Atx=3,y=346=9. ‘Therefore, the maximum of =9. SAT Practice 1. Inthe xy:pline, if (a, 6) is solution ta the system ‘of inequalitics above, what isthe maximum possible valucof 6? aye B 4 ° D9 Dr.John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tips 25Area enclosed by Curves Inorder to find the area enclosed by curves, mostly we need to find x-intercept, y-intercept, and points of intersection of curves. 2 26 SAT Practice ‘The graph of y==12 +4 is shown inthe 2y-plane above, here & is a constant. Ithe aren of APOR is 64, what ithe value of £2 ‘The graph of y=—x" +4x-+5 is shown in the -o:plane sbove. What isthe area of rectangle OPOR? ‘The graphs of y= x7 and y=—x" +32 are sho the 2y-plane above, What isthe area of rectangle ABCD? J. The graphs of y — (s-2) and y -is are shown in the xy-plane above. What is the arca of right trinngle OPQ? A) 18 B) 15 O° D6Domain and Range “The domain of a given Function is the complete set of “inpit” values for which the function is defined, In the sa-plane, the domain is represented on the x-axis (or abscissa} Note: 1} The denominator of a fraction CANNOT be zero. 2) The number inside o square root sign must be positive or zero, ‘The range of a functi the set of all “output” values produced by that finction. In the ~y-plane, the range is represented om the y-axis (or ordinate) Example: , Domain: x20 Range: 20 SAT Practice (x) =VF-2-5 poe Se) 2. Which ofthe following represents the range of the 1. Inthe fimetion f above, which ofthe following function f above? represents is domain? A) y20 A) x20 B) y22 B) x43 © ye © x23 D) y2-5 D) x20md x43 Dr. John Chund's SAT Math 63 Tips. a7Composition of Function ‘Composition of functions is applying one function tothe result ofthe first function, (Combining functions) —| F(x) +——+ «() -————> ‘The result of f(x) issent through g{ ). The composition is written in the form a(f09) oF (geS)(x) Example 1: Given the functions f(a)=3x and g(x)=2-4, then g(f@))= xa3 29 5 —— | sey-33-9 L———4] a) =9-4=s Ps (ge f)@)=3-4 > (ge /)@=33— Example 2: For the given finctions f(x)=3x=4 and g(x) =2/(x)+3, if g(R)=0, what isthe value of k? Since g(x) =2(3¥-4)+3=6r-5, g(4) = 66-5 and g(a}=3f(a)-K If g(2)=25, what is the value of &? AB BM O12 DID S(a)=as-+b (2) =2f()-3 2. Inthe functions f and g above, if g(I)=3 and gCt}eeShtc lathe eneci 6? 3. The graphof y= f(a) is shown in the xy-plane above for -3S.x 57. The function g is defined by 3 g(2)=3/)=1. Forhow many values of F are there \ 5 2 aloo of pt ) 2 J 2 a 2 z 2 such that g(k)=8? A) One B)Two C)Three D)Four 2Brational function isa quotient of polynomials in which the denominator isnot identically 0 Rational finetion R(x)=20 here Q(x) #0 a(x) 1O(x)=O0, R isundefined Example 1 Example 2 a(x) S4x-2 For what valuc of x is the function /1 above undefined? For what value of x is the fimetion ¢¢ above undefined? Sol) Let ¥=x-3 Solution) If x7 +x-2=0, g is undefined, —_1___.__1__ Pax -2e(re2\(x-1 (3) -4(roa)-2 A Therefore, g & undefnedat x=—2, v= 1 If Q(X)=X? -4X -12=0, A isundefined. 4X? -4N-12=(¥-6)(442)=0 + X=60r-2 x-326x-3=-2 Remember: Da not cross ou the common factors +1) ‘Therefore, / is undefinedat x =9 and x SAT Practice xt 4(x—1) -12(x—-1)+9 (x)= 1, For what value of 1 is the function f above undefined? xP —ax+b 2. For x=1 and x=3, the function f is undefined. Which of the following is the value of b? Aaa B-3 63) Dr. dona Chung’s SAT Math 63Tips 29Identical Equation ‘Thc two expressions, lft hand side and right-hand side, are always equal forall values we give tothe variable. The equations that are true For all values ofthe varinble are called identical equations 1) $x=10=0 is analyebraicequation because the equation is tmeconly for x= 2. 2) 5x-10 10 is an identical equation becouse the equation is true for all values of 2. © The equation has infinitely many solutions, The expressions of bath sides umist be qual. Example 1 Example 2: If 2x+5=ar+h forall values of x, what are Ifa? +hx-+e=0 istic forall values of x, values of a and b? whatare the values of a, 6, and ¢? Solution) The expressions are equal. 2 Geta 5 Solution) Since ax? +ox+e=(0)x7 +(0)x+0, a=0,b=0, and c=0 SAT Practice 1. If x(é—2)=0 forall values of 5 what is the value (kt t)rsSeartk of k? 3. Inthe equation above, K and a are constants. Ifthe ao ‘equation above is rue forall values of x, what isthe B)2 luc of a? oa a m6 A) 6 Bs Q2 po 2. Ifax’ +hx+e=0 forall values of x, what is the [x+1)+b(x-1)=2x+4 valu of a+b+c? 4. Inthe equation sbave, a and bate constants. I'he 2 : ‘cquation above is truc forall valucs of x, what is the Oz value of a? D) Itcammot be determined feam the infornation given. J 7 Aji B) 2 3 DaEven and Odd Functions Even function: The graph of an even function is symmetric with respect to the y-axis. Oud function: ‘The graph of sn odd fnction is symmetic with respect to the origin. A functions even if f(x)=f(-x). A function is odd if f(x)=—f (-x). SAT Practice 1. Which of the following is an odd function? A) f(3)=x B) a(x ©) A(x} =x] D) &(x)=10 2, Which of the following graphs is an even fimction? “O. N QT ° Dr.John Chungs SAT Math 63 Tips o y y 31iwetme Factoring Factoring isto write an expression as a product of factors. 1) a? 42ab+ =(a+b) A) a -2a-3=(a-3)(a+1) 2) a? -2ab+b? =(a—bY 3) 6a? +a+1=(3a-1)(2a+1) 6) 12a? +2a-2=2(6a? +a-1) =2(32-+1)(2a=1) Complete factoring SAT Practice 1. If (x-3)(e+3) =a, then (2x-6)(r43)= > Ly feast A) 2a B) 0 ©) 4a D) Ga of © * a(pe-e 44 functions and gare shawn in the What isthe area of AABC? 3. The graphs of ay-plane abov A) 18 B) 12 C9 D)6 4. If x7 —y" =24, where x and y are positive integers (> y), what isone possible valne of x? 2, 32Direct Variation (Direct Proportion) When two variables are related insuch a way that y = Ax , the two variables are said to be in direct variation, Expression of direct variation: y (constant) Geometric interpretation: |y = kx is a special lincar equation, where the y-intercept is (0, 0). inthe 2y-plane,, kis the slope of the graph. SAT Practice 1, The value of y- varies directly proportional ta the value of x. If y=18 when x= 3, what is the value B E of y when x=125? 12 18, 2 as ob iF A group of workers can harvest all the grapes from 10 square meters of a vineyard in 20 minutes. At this rate, haw many minutes will the group need to 4. Inthe figure above, AABC is similar to ADEF. What harvest all the grapes from 300 square meters of this isthe length of DF? vineyard? 82 90 A)60 B)200 Cyann D)600 AC BT OF PD To make an orange dye, 5 parts of red dye are mixed x y with 3 parts of yellow dye. To make a green dye, 4 T z parts of bine dye are mixed with 2 parts af yellow ‘dye. Ifequal amount of green and orange dye are @ Sa mae what fraction ofthe new mixture fs yew | 5 tg he table above, arectly proportional x and. a0. Which of the followings the value of a? L 7 2»! ND, De OC” DD Ao Bl Os DO 6. If y isdireetly proportional to x, which ofthe following could represent the graph of 3 SO)? A) y B) y Cc) y D) y Dr John Ghungs SAT Math 63 Tips 337. IF isdirectly proportional to x*, which ofthe following could be the graph of y= f(x)? AQ 3 B ) 4 Oo 4 D) U U ox W + mx Inverse Variation ‘When two variables are related in such a way that 2y=%, the two variables are said to be in inverse varintion. Properties: 1) The values of two variables change in an opposite way, that is, as one variable increases, the other decreas 2) The product & is unchanged. Inthe ay-plane, the graph of » k>0 » (x) isa follows. SAT Practice 1. The cost of hiring a bus for a trip to Niagara Falls is $400. 1F25 people go on the tip, what is the cost per x]? person in dollars? 2 | 25 4[@ . If four typists can complete the typing of a 5 | 10 manuscript in 9 days, how long would it take 12 1. typists to complete the manuscript? 4, In thetable above, y varies inversely as x. Whatis the valucof ath? A) Says B) Adays ©) Sdays D) 10 days A) 16 B) 18 C) 18.75 D) 20.25 3. Ifamancan drive from his home to Albany in 5 hours at 45 miles per hour, how would it take hi he drove at 50 miles per hour? A) 4 hours B) 4 hours 30 minutes C) 5 hours D) 5 hours 30 minutes 45. Ifa job can be completed by 2 people in 10days, | 7, Accertain job can be completed by p persons in h then how many people, working at the same rate, "© |” guns, How long would take 11 persons, working at needed to complete the same job in S days? the same rate, to complete the samc job? Al B2 O38 DA hn a2 pe o8% Dm > ip 0 i 6. The length of a rectangle varies inversely with the 8 IFS people take d days to install the plumbing for a width. Ifthe length is 10 when the width is 20, what |” jjouse then how many days would it take 2 people to is the length when the width is 40? complete one third of the same jab? (Assume the cople work at the same rate Ay2 BS C1 D2» peor" ) 3d sd Sd 4 at pt of pt ) dF I= »F a Sum and Product of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation For a quadratic equation ax? +hx-+¢=0, sumafthe roots = —2 and product of the roots= ©. 1 rhe Fe eu oes (2) (ae tee) tae 4a 4a a Or, simply, a? +hr+e=0 Padre Sao. te and fi are the roots of the equation, then aa theequation is (r—a)(x-A)=0 + x? -(at A)e+ap=0. boc Sine 7 +—x4+— a £0 and x" —(a+ f)x+af=0 arequivalet Therefore, b Suma+f=-2 and product: af SAT Practice 1, Tfone of roots of aquacratic equation 2x7+x—k=0 | 2. Ifthe mots ofthe equation x? +4x—12=0 are is 1, what isthe other root of the equation? 1 a and B, whats the value of +=? a-S p-2 o-L p i a8 2 z 2 2 atopt ot mt br Jehn Caungs SAT Math 63 Tips 35su) Remainder Theorem When polynomial f(x) is divided by (1a), theremainder R is equal to f(2. Polynomial (2) can be expressed as follows. a) x)+R where O(c) is the quot nd R isthe remainder. ‘The identical equation above is true forall values of x, especially x=a. ‘Therefore, f(a)=(a-a)a)+R +> f(a)=R. Examples: 1) Interpretation of f(2)=5 -* Theremainder is S when f(x) is divided by (x=2) 2) Interpretation of f(-5)=—3 > Theremaindcris 3 when f(x) is dvidedby (+S) SAT Practice | When f(x)=27 +3x-+k isdivided by x—3, the 3. Findthe valueaf & forwhich the remainder is zero remainders 25. Whatis the value of &? when x? 5x2 4k edvietby (11)? ‘What is the remainder when 27 ~27~3x—1 isdivided by (x43)? A B28 OM DwFactor Theorem ir f(a) , then (x) has a factoraf (x—a). f(x) canbe expressed with a factor of (2a) as follows, f(x)=(x-a) (x) ‘Therefore, f(a) =0 means thatthe remainders 0. 1. If (x—3) isa factor of x? —4x-+k, what is the value | 3. What is the value of & when P(x)= ofthe constant &? A-15 B-l0 = GClo) pis SAT Practice Sx? xk is divisible by x41? A) -5 B) -2 2 bd) 5 2. Fapalynamial P(x) (#-2), wht isthe vale oF &? Dr John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tips ee—8 has a factor of What isthe value of a when g(x) =x Fax is divisible by (x—1)(x—2)2 A) -7 B) -4 Oo 4 D) 8 a7Circles in the xy-plane A circle is the locus of points equidistant from a given point known as the center. ‘The standard equation of a circle whose center is at the point (A, &) is (xa er * where r is the radius. SAT Practice 1. What isthe area of the circle whose equation is VY -4xty? +2ysll? z A) lle BY 12e O) 16r iD) 25 (2.0) ° (80) 2, What is the circumference ofa circle whose equation is 4. The graph ofa semicircle is shown inthe xp-plane Pb yh by 216? above, Which ofthe following are the x-coordinates of two points on this semicircle whose y-coordinates are A)10z B)20z €) 302 D) 407 equal? A) Oand7 B) I and6 C) tandS D) 2and 3 Inthe xy-pline above, AB is thediameter of the circle and parallel to the x-axis. What is the value of &? s 38 > P(4,7) Q Inthe ay-plane above, the semicitele has a maximum at point P. What are the coordinates of point Q? A) (4,0) B) (-3,0) ©) (-29) D) (-1,0)Average Speed Average speeds the total distance divided by the total ime taken. A age Total istance travelled mee “Total time taken Example: Peterravelled from ity 4 to city B at 60 miles per hour, and then he travelled back along the same route at 40) miles perhour. What ishis average speed forthe entire tip? Solution) D= distance between city A and city B ‘ D D_5D_D Total distance=2D and Total time taken= <= = 60° 40° 120° 24 2D 2 24 ‘Therefore, average spec i8mph or We can use any convenient number for D. 20 I D=12, then 4 =-G>=2 and yo Total distance _120+120 Totaltime 243 ‘Therefore, average spec Sep SAT Practice 1. Jason travelled from city A to city Bin hours, For | 3. Jackson drove a car from Amherst to Boston at the the first hour, he drove ata constant speed of 50 constant speed of 60 miles per hour. On the way back miles per hour. Then he increased his speed and kept | along the same route, he drives at a constant speed of itat 60 miles per hour for the next 3 hours, What is 40 miles per hour. If he took 6 hours for the entire his average speed, miles per hour, forthe trip? trip, what isthe distanee, in miles, from Amherst to Boston? A) 55.5 B) 56 A) 120 ©) 525 B) 44 D) 58 ©) 160 D) 240 2. Claire travelled from city C to city D. The first half ‘of the way, she drove at the constant speed of 40 miles per hour. Then she increased her speed and travelled the remaining distance at $0 miles per hour. What is her average speed, miles per hour, for the trip? aye 2 1 B) 442 CG) 45D) 45> 59 NH Oo » 55 Dr. John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tips 39Percentage © % of increase = Amaunt of increase op # % of decrease= Ampunt of decrease (Original amount 100 SAT Practice If 20% of 30% of a positive number is equal to 10% of k% of the same number, what is the value of k? A)80 BY 60) 40D) DW . The cost of an automobile increases each by 2.5%, and the cost this year is $20,000. Ifthe cost of the automobile is given by C(x) =20,000x" , what is the value of x? A) 1.25 B) 1.025 c) 025 D) 0.025, The price of a music CD was first incrcascd by 15 % and then the new price was decreased by 30%, Which of the following is true about the price after these two changes? A) The price decreases by 15%. B) The price decreases by 19.5%, C) The price decreases by 35% D) The price decreases by 45%. 6. Tom's weckly salary was increased from $500 to $1,000 this week. By what percent was his salary ineteased? A) 50% B) 100% ©) 200% D) 400% If 2a +3b is equal to 250 percent of 6b, what is he value of £7 b at BR3 Qs 9 7. Ifthe price ofa stock rises by 6 percent one day falls 5 percent next day, what was the change in the price ofthe stock after these two days? A) The price rase by 0.5% B) The price rose by 0.7% ©) The price rose by 1% D) The price rose by 1.5% 40 1f 25 percent of m_ is 50, what is 15 percent of 2m? A) 80 B) 60 ©) 50 D) 40 8. If a is 2Spercent of 2b, then b is what percent of a? A) 50% B) 75% C) 100% D) 200%Ratios and Proportion ‘A ratio i 0 comparison of two numbers. We can write this as 8:12 or asa fraction 7 and we say the ato is eh to peel. Proportion ‘A proportion is an equation with a ratio on cach side. It isa statement that two ratios are equal. 3.6 48 Rate ‘Actate is a ratio that expresses how long it takes to do something, such as traveling aceriain distance, To walk 3 kilometers in one hour s to walk atthe rate of 3 kmh, The faction expressing a rate has units of distance in the ‘numerator and units oftime in the denominator. Example Joan nuns 4 km in 30 minutes. At that rat, haw far could he run in 45 minutes? is an example of proportion. Solution) Give the unknown quantity the name n. In thisease, 7 isthe numberof km Juan could run in-4S minutes at the given rate, We know that running 4 km in 30 minutesis the same as running km in 4S mites; that i, the mates are the 4 on same. So we hnve the proportion pepo” 30. 45 Finding the cross products and setting them equal, we get 30xn=4%45, or 30"=180. Dividing both sides by 30, we find that 1 = 180 +30= 6 and the answer is 6 km, SAT Practice 1, Tf the cast of a 6-minute telephone call is $1.20, then 2 at this rate, what is the cost ofa 15-minute call? 3. F and 2e-+5y=76, what isthe value of A) 52.00 B) $3.00 C) $3.25 A)2 D) 83.75 B) 4 cys D)16 In S years the ratio of Julie's age to Song's age will |4, Lf a is divisible by 2, b is divisible by 5, and bbe 3:5, In 10 years the ratio of Julie's age to Song's a7 ‘age will be 2:3. What is the sum of their current a5 sees! a+b <400,, what is one possible value of a+? . where @ and are positive numbers, and A) 15 B) 20 co) 30 D) 35 Dr. John Ghung’s SAT Math 63 Tips atRatios in Similar Figures ‘Two polygons are similar if and only if their corresponding angles arc congruent and their corresponding sides are in proportion, Remember: If the ratio of the coresponding lengths is @:, then the ratio of the areas is a? : volumes is a:b. nd the ratio of the SAT Practice 1. Inthe figure above, the ratio of the circumference of circle O to the circumference of circle P is 23, Ifthe area of circle O is 20, what is the area of circle P? ; /\ | A = c 7 2, The figure above shows two equilateral triangles 5 and the area of witha side @ anda side b. we 2 AABC is 30, what is the arca of ARST? 42 3. Inthe figure above, the radius of the larger circle is 3 times the radius of the smaller circle. If the area of the smaller circle is 28, what is the area of the shaded region’? A) 70 B) 112 ©) 147 D) 175 (VA S 4, Inthe figure above, circles P and Q are tangent each other and internally tangent to the largest circle ‘The ratio of the radius of circle Pto the radius of circle Q is 3:1. If the area of the shaded region is 967, what is the radius of circle Q? 2 B)4 6 Ds4 Q R 5. Inthe figure above, the ratio of the lengths AQ:OR: RC =2:2:3, Ifthe area of quadeilateral PQRS is 48, what is the arca of AABC? A) 96 B) 14 ©) 147 D) 192 Dr John Chungs SAT Math 63 Tips R Ss 6. Inthe figure above, PQ is puallel to RS . The ratio of the area of APQM to the area of ASRM is 4:9, If the perimeter of APQM is 15, what isthe perimeter of ASRM? A) 225 B) 33.75 ©) 3585 D) 37.5 43Percent of a Solution (Mixture) p%ofa solution is ‘The percent of a solution is expressed as the percentage of solute over the total amount of solution, Solute 77 Total amount of solution 100 Or Solut Se _y 199 = p% ‘Total amount of solution SAT Practice 1. How many gallons of water must be added to 40 3. How many quarts of alcohol must be added to 10 gallons of a 10% alcohol solution to produce an 8% alcohol solution? AS BS Cw DIZ quarts ofa 25% aleoho! solution to produce 940% alcohol solution? A) 2.5 quarts D) 1Squarts B)S quarts C) 10 quars, 2. How many gallons of a 20% salt solution must be added to 10 gallons of a 50% salt solution to produce 30% salt solution? A) S gallons D)20 gallons B) 10 gallons C) 15 gallons How many gallons of acid must be added to @ gallons of a k% acid solution to bring it up to an ‘m% solution? Glm-&) 100=m 100=nr Gomi) c) dD)Exponents ‘The exponent is the number of times the base is used as a factor. S=base 15} 2= exponent 25 =power ‘The mathematical operations of exponents are as follows. 1) aa" =a" 2» (arf = 3) (ab)" =a"5" SAT Practice 8. If k?2° =27, what is the value of k? 1. at (2) (8)'}' =(2°Y' what is the positive value of»? Ay2 BA 8 A)6 BT O8 D)9 2. 164449 44°44 =2", whatisthe valueaf n? | 6. If p and q are positive numbers, p~ }", what is the value af pq ? A)2 Bd C6 DS AyL B23 D4 3. If m and n are positiveand Sa’v*=20n'n, | 7 Ua and b arc positive integers and ‘what is the value of m- interms of n 175, what is the value of a+b? 1 4 4 Na Da OF D) 27 4. tha and b ar positive integer, (0°)"=16, and =a", which of the following could be the value of a? A)O B)2 C4 DS Dr. John Chang's SAT Math 63 Tips 45Exponential Growth and Decay Factor In the exponential model P(n)=F,(1+r)", 1. Growth fictoris Lr. 2 Growth rate is r (decimal) (-Growth rate of change) Example: In the exponential mode] 4 = $00(1,015)', Find the growth factor and growth rat. Solution) Growth factors 1,015 and growth rate is.015. {or 1.5%) Intheexponential model P(n)=2,(I-r)", 1, Decay factor is Ir, 2. Decay rate is r (decimal) (Decay rate of change) Example: In the exponential model A= 500(0.85)', Find the decay factor and decay rate. Solution) Decay factor is 0.85 and decay rate fs 0.15 (or 15%). 4 =500(1-0.15)' SAT. 1. Suppose acertain substance decays atthe rate of 0.5% per hour, which ofthe following best represents the ‘exponential mode!? A) P=100(0.5)" B) P=100(1-0.05)' © P=100(0.95)) D) P=100(0.995)' Practice 3. A certain country in Europe hasa population of 4.5 million people. The population is growing in the exponential model P= 4,500,000(1.007)', where t js in years. What isthe growth rate of the population? A) 100.7% B) 10.7% Qo % D) 0.7% 2. Which of the following gives the saving S in an account if $500 was invested af an interest rate of 2.5% per ‘year? A) S = 500(2.5)' B) S =500(1.25) ©) S=500+(1,025)' D) $= S00(1.025)' 46 4. The number of carbon atoms ina certain substance is given by the fanction y =3120(0.935) , where ¢ represents the number of years since being discovered. ‘What is the percent of change each year? A) 0.65% B) 65% ©)93.5% 1D) 9.35%sti Defined Operations ‘The defined operations are mathematical models (symbolic representations ‘notational systems/sign systems) of certain situations. Example: a8 Inte operstion a isdefined by Aa = 2° , whats the value of 4% 9 me ” at Solution) as 2 “Therefore, the answer is, = —- ° a? SAT Practice 1, Let the operation © be defined for all numbers by atb PB aob=— 1f poq=3, whatis the value of 2? aap fF 4 a) B) © Release D) 2. Letthe operation 4 be defined by anh=$ forall positive numbers. If 44(k46) =3 , what is the value of k? Ad Bs OR Dw Dr. John Chung’s SAT Matn 63 Tips 3 Let the operation be defined by wh = n(n Vfn= 2H = 3oo(2)(L) Where 1 is a positive integer. Which of the following is equivalent to (n+1)*? A) nt) B) (n+1Xn+h ©) ne D) (rly 47avesMe Functions as Models Functions as Models A function can serve as a simple kind of mathematical model, ora simple piece ofa larger model. Remember that a function is just a rule, We can think of the rule (given in our model as a graph, a formula, ora table of ues) a8 a representation of some natural eause id eflect relationship. SAT Practice ‘The total cast ¢, in dollars, of repairing shoes is given 200:—400 by the function (3) =: +A where x isthe number of repairing shoes and & is aconstant. 1F50 shoes were repaired ata cost of $300, what isthe valne of k? A) 100 B) 108 ©) 126 D) 150 3 Let the fiction mt average rate of change between and & in the domain of the function, be defined ©) 1p fey=2, whats the value of m between —2 and 3? a2 B) -1 Qo D1 The vaine of a computer decreases each year by 1.2 percent. This year the price of the computer was $1,200. Ifthe price P of the computer 11 ‘years from now is given by the firnetion p()=1,200e", what is the value of e? A) 0.012 B) 0.88 © 0988 D) 1.012 ‘The present value p ofa certain car that , then =a or x=—a 21 |s|, then-aa md a>0,thonx>aorx<-a — AYsfos & 22 e25 & —Sexes Dhl>S P>1s o x<-Sorx>s 6) [x10] =|10-3| How do we convert the general interval into an expression using the absolute value? Example I: For 10£x<30, Step 1: Find the midpoint of 10 and 30, Step 2: Find the distance from the midpoint to the end point — 30-20=10 or 20-10=10 Step 3: Substitute in the form. |x—midpoint| < distance Therefore, |x—20|<10 Exampke2: For x<10 or x230, |x—20|210. Example 3: If -8<.x<2, then express the interval using absolute value. Solution) Step I: Find the midpoint between ~8 and2 > Step 2: Find the distance from the midpoint tothe endpoint, > 2-(-3)=5 Step 3: From the figure above, the interval can be expressed with absolute value, midpoint -8 |r (Dr John Chungs SAT Math 63 Tips 51SAT Practice Amart class of 20 students took a final exam and ten of the students scored between 78 and 86 in the ‘exam. If § is defined as the scares ofthe ten students, which of the following describes all possible values of 5? A) |s-8|=4 By |s48=4 ©) |s-R<4 D) |s+82)<4 ‘Ata bottling company, a computerized machine accepts a bottle only ifthe number of uid ounces is greater thon or equal to 53, ond less than or equal io 6a Ifthe machine accepts a bottle containing f fluid ounces, which of the following describes all possible values of 2 9 [e-det B) \-ss3 o \regnt 4 ») 6-185 At the O.K Daily Milk Company, machine fills a box with milk, and machine Y eliminates milk-box ifthe weight is less than 450 grams, or greater than $00 grams. Ifthe weight af the box thot will be eliminated by machine ¥ is in grams, which of the folowing describes all possible values of E? A) |E-475]<25 B) |E-500|>450 ©) |475-#)=25 D) |E-475|>25yi ip 37 Parallel Lines with Transversal fallows, 44 and 2 2B=L46 and 2 3: Vertical angles 5: Altemate angles Sum ofthe interior angles in the sarne side is 180°. ‘A transversal isa line that intersects parallel ines. When it intersects paralle lines, many angles are congruent. Iasct of parallel lines are cut by a transversal, cach of the paralle! lines has 4 angles surraunding the intersection as Zz 6 and £4= 28: Coresponding angles 23+ Z5=180° and 24+ 26=180°: SAT Practice M D E ‘Note: Figure not drawn to scale, 1, Inthe figure above, If AB= BM =DM =DE and E|[m., what isthe measure af ZAME? A) 50° B) 60° 75°) 90° Note: Figure not drawn to scale, 2. Inthe figure above, ¢]m, a= 65, and b=45. What isthe value of k? A)80 B)% C) 100 D) 10 De. Jahn Chungs SAT Math 63 Tips ‘Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the figure above, line m is parallel to line 7, Which ‘ofthe following must be true? Laze deg I, b+e=180 (A) Lonly (B) only (©) Monly (D) Mand Monty 53MUD Kiwe Triangle Inequality ‘Triangle Inequality Theorem ‘Theoreml: ‘The length af one side of a triangle is less than the sum of the other two sides and is greater than the difference of the other two sides. Weean sayihat a~b 2 =BD:DC=a:h SAT Practice D c oS 10 4 B 1. Inrectangle ABCD above, ZABE = 60" and BC=10. what isthe area of wisngle ABC? A) 50 B) 50v3 ©) 55 D) 603 4 B 2. Inthe figure above, the ratio of AE to EC is 35, 1F the area of AADE is 24, what is the area of rectangle ABCD? A) 64 B) 80 ) 100 D) 128 Dr. John Chung(s SAT Math 63 Tips 3 E D Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the figure above, the ratio of the lengths AE to ED to DC is 23:4. (the area of AABD is 40, what is the area of ABDC? 551 Right Triangles Angle-based right triangle: 1) 30° 60° -90" Triangle 2) 45° —45° -90° Triangle Lo" las” oi es wi ma 60" Side-based right triangle: Right triangles whose sides are Pythagorean triples as allows 34:5 S213 BAST 7.225 GAOL = SAT Practice A B Cc E D 1. The figure above contains square ABDE and e—"0 ccqilateral triangle BCD. ifthe arca of ABCD is | 3. Inthe figure above, the radius af circle O is 8 and 163, whats te area ofthe square? measure of ZPOQ is 60°, What isthe area of A0Po? A) 32 B) 32Y3 C) 64D) saV3 A) 2Y3 Bey ©) 20yF Dy 248F Bo B M, . A c 4 ° 4. Inthe figure above, M is the midpoint of AB. if 2. Inthe figure bays, AB=BC=CD=10. What isthe | BUNS HBS sDove, 10 asthe midpointal 20° perimeter ofthe figure? the Iength of BC is 20, whatis the area of AAMC? B) 304 10¥7 A) 100v2 B) 00/7 C) 200¥2 D) 2005 D) 30+20V3 56Proportions @ o Memorize the formulas. nx (area of the triangle) a(a+b) 2) Yeab SAT Practice B, 2 — Whatisthe length of AB? A) 12 B) 14 ©) 15 4 D 7 D) 18 1. In AABC above, AB=6 and AD=3. What isthe 3. Whatisihe length of BC? length of CD? A) 18 B) 20 c) 25 D) 28 (Questions 2-4 refer to the following information. 4. Whatisthe length of BD? A) 10 3, B) 12 cys D) 18 TD 16 ¢ Inthe figure above, AD =9 and CD =16. Dr. Jonn Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tips.eye Pythagorean Theorem In mathematics, the Pythagorean Theorem isa relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides ofa right triangle. The theorem is named after the Greek mathematician Pythagoras, who by tradition is credited with its discovery ane proof, although knowledge of the theorem almost certainly predates him. The theorem is as follows: In any right triangle, the area ofthe square whose side isthe hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the arcas of the squares whose sides are the two legs (the two sides that mect at aright angle). a +b? ac! (Side) ‘C (Area) Aa ; QS Remember: If the figures attached to the right triangle are similar, C= A+ B isalways tru, SAT Practice 10 b 4. Inthe figure shave, which of the following i rue about the lengths a and b? A) 10<(a+b) <40— B) 40<(a+5)' <80 1. Inthe figure above, the area of square A is 16and the ©) 80<(a+b) <100 D) 100<(a+6)* area of swore Bis 20, What isthe length af PR? A4 B6 OB Dw D P c 4 c 8 4. In AABC above, if AB=10 and AC = 20, whatis the length of AD? F AMS BAS = ove) BE 2. Inthe figure above, AABD, AACE, and ABCF are ‘equilateral triangles, and the ratio of AB to BC is 1:2 Ifthe arcaof AACE is 20, what isthe arca of AABD?Transfermation ‘Types of transformation in math are: + Translation: involves “sliding” the object fiom ane position to another. + Reflection: involves “flipping” the object aver a line called the line of reflection, + Rotation: involves “turning” the object about a point called the center of rotation, + Dilation: involves a resizing ofthe object. It could result in an inerease in size (enlargement) or a decrease in size (reduction) ‘Transation ofa graph ihe graph of y=/(x)is translated « unitshorizontlly and! Bunits vertically, then the equation ofthe translated graph is yr-b=flx-a) or y=fx-a)+b SAT Practice 1. The graph af the line represented by the equation -2x+5 is moved tothe left by 3 units and up 1 unit, what is the equation of the graph of the new line? A) y= 2x B) y=-2e14 ©) y=2x-5 D) y=-2x45 =1 compare to the 2. How does the graph of g(x graph off (x)=(x-2) 417 A) The vertex of the graph of (x) moved tothe right by 2 units and down by 2 units B) The vertex ofthe graph of f(x) movedta the left by 2 units and down by 2 units. ©) The vertex of he graph of f(x) mavedto the right by 2 units and up by 2 units D) The vertex of the graph of {(*) moved to the left by 2units and up by 2 units, Dr. John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tips 59fz Classifying a group in two different ways (Organize the information in a table and use a convenient number. Example: 3 Ina crtain grep ofenly senior and junior studems, ofthe students are boys, andthe rato of seniors to juniors is 45.165 of girs are seniors, what fiction ofthe boys ae juniors? Juniors Total 2 of gils are seniors > = 3 wine “Therefore, A = 9 15 45 45 45 Question: What fraction of boys are juniors? Final anewerig 12/45 19/45 _19. inalamweris = Da7gs = 37 Or Use convenient number 45 for the number of students in the group. SAT Practice 3 2 Ofthe24 company presidents attending corporate mecting, [ of the presidents are males and = ofthe presidents Trave children, If2 fernale presidents do not have children, how many male presidents have children? AQ8 BM On DMDiscriminant ‘Thediseriminant 4a, which i the expression under the radical sigo,deseribe the nature of the rats of quadratic equation. By the quadratic Formula, thetwo roots of ax? + be + LP aac ENE Ate D(descrieninant) =4? dee 2a Value of diseriminant Nature of roots Graph of y= as? +5x-+e, (@>0) D>0 and WP tae ie pare square | PH! ton nea D>0 and BP —4ac is nota perfect square D=0 Real, rational, equal D<0 imaginary When a line is tangent to.a curve, the discriminant of the equation should be 0. Example: y tthe graph of y=2r-+k istngentto thegmphof y=x2—4, 0 YET 4 what she value of &? Saieton) 4a 2etk > P-2x-4-k=0, Since they are tangent, te dsriinant D shouldbe 0. D=(-2) -4(I)(4-K)=0 + D=20+4k=0 ‘Therefore, Dr John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tipe 6SAT Practice Which ofthe following is true about the graph of y= 2x —6r43 7 A) The graph of J istangent to the x-axis. B) The graph of intersects the x-axis at 2 points, ©) The graph of {lies entirely above the x-axis. D) The graph of ¥ lies entirely below the x-axis. Forwhat value of & theroots of x? 2x44 =0 are equal? AO BI O2 D3 2 62 Find the value of & for which ofthe graph of ? 46x+k is tangentto the x-nxis ? A3 B6 Q9 DL Inthe 2-plane above, the graphs of f and g are tangent each other. Which of the following is the value of &? ny) B) ° Db)Handshakes there altogether? (A,B) (A, ©) (A, D) (A, F) (B, © (B,D) (B,E) (D(C) ,5) - ‘Therefore there will be Or, we can use a combination, Therefore, Sx4_ sO Fthere are five people ina room, and they shake cach other's hands once and only once, how many handshakes are 44342+1= 10 handshakes OO OO® ‘The mumber of handshakes is equal to ways to select two people from 8, because two people make one handshake, 10 SAT Practice 1. fyon have 12 people in a group and each person shakes everyone elses hand only once, how many handshakes take place? A) 132 B12 C) BD) 66 Dr.John Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tips Ata pay, everybody shakes hands with each other 2 ‘once: there are 45 handshakes, how many people are there atthe party? Aj BW ON DIR 63i eva Consecutive integers Integers which follow each ather in order, without gaps, from smallest to largest are consecutive integers. 12, 13, 14 and 15.are consecutive integers. 12, 14, 16, 18 are consecutive even integers. 11, 13, 15, 17 are consecutive odd integers. Properties of consecutive integers: For consecutive numbers (integers), ifthe first term is a, and the last term is 4, , the average is equal to median. a +d, Average (Arithmetic mean ge > Median = Average Sum of consecutive= median x number of integers Or, Sum of consecutive = average x number of integers Example: For the sequence of consecutive numbers 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 243444546474 849410 9 Averag Butsimply weuse the formula average: 2410 _ Averige 6 That is Median= Average= 6 ‘Therefore, in the list of consecutive numbers, the average value is equal to the median, SAT Practice 1. What is thesum of 11 consecutiveintegers ifthe | 3. ‘The median ofa list of 10 consecutive even integers imide one is 302 i877. What isthe sum ofthe integers? Ao A) 700 B) 120 B) 770 9 330 D) 660 ©) 780 Dy 800 2. Ifthe median ofa listof 99 consecutive integers is | 4, ‘Ifthe median of alist of 30 consecutive odd integers 80, what isthe greatest integer inthe list? is 120, what is the greatest integer in the is? Ay 9 A) as B) 128 By a7 ©) 129 149 D) 157 Dy 151Complex Numbers Imaginary number: ¢=J=T and i Example: Va =e =21 W712 = iVi2 = 213 Complex number: a+ bi, where @ and & are real numbers and i = =I. a=theredl partofa+hi and b=imaginary part of a -+bi Property: 1) Twocomplex numbers are cqual ifand only iftheirrcal and imaginary parts arc equal atbize+di > a=candb=d Me (Distance from the origin) im +-bil >'The length of the line segment Complex plane SAT Practice 1. Ifa+b+(a—-b)i=6—-4i, what isthe value of a? a=10+bi-(a-5)i, 4. Inthe equation above, @ und b are real numbers and FT. Whats the value of &? i atbi 5. 1 i= 71, which of the following is equal to i!767 1-28 Ai B) 9 Dy 2. Inthe equation above, ‘What isthe value of 2? 6. Which of the following could be the solution of 4 4 7 9 3 og? a 4 2 7 xO-2s? 43207 N-> BT OF Ds al 3. Whatis the value of V-12 xJ-3? B) 3 A) -36 Cy 12 B) -6 Qs oy Le, D) 36 272 Dr. John Chungs SAT Math 63 Tips 65Circles A circle is the set of all points that is equidistant from a fixed point called the center of the circle. Properties: 1, All radii of the same circle are congruent. 6. The measure of an inscribed angle is one halfof the 2 A central angle is an angle whose vertex isthe center of| measure of the central angle. the circle. 2. . Amangle inscribed in a scmicircle isa right angle. 3A chord isa line segment whose end pointsare points on | 8 A tangent is line that intersects the circle in a exactly thecircle ‘one point. 4, A diameter perpendicularto a chord bisects the chord | 9. A secant isa line that intersects the circle in two points. and its ares. 10, A tangent is perpendicular to the radius of a circle. 5. Am inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is onthe | 11. Tangent segments dav toa circle are congruent. circle c T. Name of heeicle: Girdle O 2. Ceniralangle: ZAOB Inseribed angle: ACI 1 4 (2aoB) 5(2408) Minorare AB: 4B Majorare ACB: ACB slp = Q zB . a a 1. Tangents AP and BP are equal in measure (4P= BP). 4 . AP LAO and BP BO 9. ZAOB+ ZAPB=180° P B O® ZAPB= 90° ab=ed a+b =180 and c+d =180 Length of minor arc: # =r ‘Area ofthe sector: 4= +(170) 2 (0 is inrndian measure.) Couversin Between Degrees and Radians 1, Degrees to Radians: Degree: = 2. Radians to Degrees: Radian x12SAT Practice R 1. Inthe figure sbove, PO and RQ are tangent to the ircleat points P and R.A the radius ofthe cirle is 12, whatis the length of minor are PR? (Questions 3 and 4 refer to the following: In the figure above, the measure of ZAOB is = radians and the radius of the circle is 36. A) 4B) 6 C) Br Dy lor 3. Whntisthe length of the minor are 4B ? A) 102 BY 15" C) 202 D) 362 4, What isthe area of sector AOB? A) 1382 B) 1807 C) 2707 D) 3607 A A 10 B B c pr c 5. Inthe figure above, cach side ofrright trimgle ABC ; with 28 =90" are tangent o the circle. The length of 2 Inthe figure above, point © is the center of the circle, BA and BC arc tangent to the circle at points Aand C. Ifthe measure of ZAC is 105” , whatis| the measure of ZABC in degrees? Dr. John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tlas AB is 10 andthe length of BC is 24. What is the radius of the circle? 6. fan angle with a measure of = radians has @ measure of d degrces, what is the valucof d? 7.1fan angle with a measure of 210° has.a measure of radians, what isthe valuc of 7? an iz oF Ds Se Ie NS DS 3 67Trigonometric Function and Cofunction “Trigonometric Function: B Hypotenuse e @ Opposite side to angle A 4 c B Adjacent side to angle 4 cosa 2 tang = 6 (Cofunction: sind —> sin A=eosB, because the triangle is a right triangle, (4c=90" or 24+ .28=90') Definition: Ina righ sriangle above, If ZA+ZB=90", then sin ZA=cos ZB, > IF sin ZA= cos ZB, then ZA+ ZB =90" 2 24+ ZB=90, ese ZA = see ZB, > If esc 2A =sec ZB, then ZA + 2B =90" 3a 24+ 2B=9", tan 24 = cot 23, > If tan 24 =cot ZB, then 24+ 28 =90" SAT Practice B 4 15, B Cc EE: A c 1. Inthe figureabove, helengh of AB is 10. Itthe D value of sin ACB is 0.4, whats the length of AC ? _ 3. Inthe gue above the length of BC is 15 andthe value of cos ZB4C is 0.8, Whatis the length of BD? 4 5 A) 8 B10 Giz D3 E D c 4. TF sin(3x+5)' =cos(2x—15) inaright triangle, what is the value of x? Inrectangle ABCD shove, the value ot tan 2BAE = 0.6 and the value of tan ZEDC is 0.25. What isthe valucof 222 EC 68