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Câu điều kiện có hai mệnh đề: mệnh đề chính (main clause) và mệnh đề phụ (if clause).
Muốn nhấn mạnh mệnh đề nào ta dặt nó ở đầu câu.
Có 3 loại câu điều kiện cơ bản sau:
1.Future possible (tương lai có thể xãy ra) còn gọi là câu điều kiện loại I
*.Form: ((công thức)
If -clause Main clause
*Chú í: - Ở mệnh đề chính có thể dùng can, may, must thay cho will, shall
- Ở mệnh đề chính có thể dung dạng mệnh lệnh.
*Ví dụ nè: If you learn hard, you will pass any examination
Lan can speak English fluently if she practices every day
Come to visit me if you have spare time.
2.Present unreal (hiện tại không thật) còn gọi là câu điều kiện loại II
* Form: ((công thức)
If -clause Main clause
3.Past unreal (quá khứ không thật) còn gọi là câu điều kiện loại III
* Form: ((công thức)
If -clause Main clause
( trên thực tế, lần qua anh ta không cố gắng và không thành công)
Khi dùng câu điều kiện loại 3 này, ta phải hiểu ý trái lại.
Xem kĩ nhé: unless = if…….. not
Unless you finish your homework, I will punish you.
(nếu bạn không hoàn thành bài tập của bạn, tôi sẽ phạt bạn đấy)
PRACTICE
I. Correct the verbs
1.You will be ill if you (eat) ___________________ so much.
2. I ( go) ___________________if I had known the fact.
3. If he (be) ___________________ my friend, I would be very glad.
4. If she were older, she (have) ___________________ more sense.
5. If the dog had not woken us, we ( never hear ) ___________________ the burglar.
6. He will be happy if he (study) ___________________ overseas.
7. We (enjoy) ___________________the play better if it had not been so long.
8. ’m sure Mary will do well if she (enter) ___________________ college.
9. They would do it if they (can) ___________________
10. If the children (be) ___________________, they can stay up late.
II. Circle the best answer.
1.If you not here, where would you like to be ?
A. was B. were C. be D. are
2. We will be unhappy if you come.
A. haven’t B. don’t C. have D. didn’t
3. If you somewhere else ,where would you like to be ?
A. have been B. can be C. are D. could be
4.You must hurry .If you , you’ll be late .
A. won’t B. do C. aren’t D. don’t
5. If I _____ a lottery , I __________ a new house .
A. win / should build B . won / should build
C. win / should have built D. won/ should have built
6. What you do if you have a lot of money?
A. have B. will C. would D. did
7. If you this car , you would have to pay for it yourself.
A. had bought B. have bought C. bought D. buy
8. What will you do if you the final exam?
A. pass B. passed C. will pass D. passes
9. If you want to attend the course , you the coming written examination .
A. will pass B. passed C. can pass D. must pass
10.They will not over the job even if they’ve been able to.
A. allow B. receive C. agree to take D. agree to
11. If I were you , I that camera.
A. haven’t bought B. wouldn’t buy C. won’t D. didn’t buy
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12. you work harder , you won’t be able to pass the exam.
A. Unless B. If C. when D. As
13. If it rain , we’ll have the party outside.
A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. won’t D. wouldn’t
14. If I here, I’d like to be in London.
A. haven’t been B. weren’t C. am not D. hadn’t been
15. If I a bird, I would be able to fly.
A. were B. am C. is D. are
16. Unless you understand, I explain it to you again.
A. am B. would C. will D. was
17. You should stay home if it .
A. rain B. rained C. rains D. raining
18. You’ll burn yourself if you aren’t .
A. good B. careful C. kind D. working hard
19. If anybody question, please ask me after class.
A. have B. have the C. has D. has a
20. If I somebody else, I’d like to be the teacher.
A. must be B. could be C. would be D. became
21. If people stop using dynamite for fishing, a lot of sea creatures .
A. will be well preserve B. will be well preserving
C. will preserve D. will be well preserved
22. Liz would come to see you if she your address.
A. has B. having C. have D. had
23.If we hard, we’ll make this beach a clean and beautiful place again.
A. will work B. worked C. have worked D. work
*24.“ It’s beginning to rain .”
“ , we won’t be able to finish the ball game “
A. Unless it stops B. Should it stop C. If it stops D. If it didn’t stop
*25. Yoko comes in half an hour, I will go alone.
A. If B. Because C. When D. Unless
26. “ My boss made me work overtime again .”
“ If I were you, I my job”
A. quit B. would quit C. will quit D. must quit
27. If I were you, I not do that .
A. would B. will C. may D. should
28. If the weather fine, we will go on a camping trip.
A. be B. is C. was D. will
29. If I the day-off tomorrow, I would go on a trip to the mountains.
A. can have B. will have C. have D. had
30. We’ll get by train if we leave now.
A. there fast enough B. fast enough there
C. there enough fast D. enough fast there
II.Each sentence has a mistake.Identify it by choosing A,B,C or D.
1.If you feel unwell , you shouldn’t stay in bed .
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A B C D
2.We will get lost if we take a map.
A B C D
3.If the little girl knew how to do it , her mother will be pleased.
A B C D
4. There is no water in the house . If there is , we could cook for dinner .
A B C D
5. He doesn’t like chocolate. If he does, he wouldn’t leave them all over the kitchen.
A B C D
6. If there will be too much exhaust fume in the air, our breathing will be badly affected.
A B C D
7. If we would have a large garden , we would plant a lot of flowers in it.
A B C D
8. If you won’t study hard , you’ll fail the exam.
A B C D
9. If he would speak more slowly , I could understand him .
A B C D
10. If you really want to get good grades , you had to study hard .
A B C D
11. If you will stay in bed and take enough medicine, the flu will certainly disappear
A B C
in three days.
D
12. If we will burn trash to reduce the amount of garbage , we will certainly polute
A B C D
the air.
13. If you are captured by alines and taken aboard a spacecraft , what would you do?
A B C D
14.Nam’ll get up early if he had an alarm clock.
A B C D
15. If you went to his office after 10 A.m., You will see him.
A B C D
16. If you went to the wedding last night, you would have seen her.
A B C D
17. If I were on the moon now, I will tidy up the junk that has been left there.
A B C D
18. If you listen to music , you can not concentrate on your works.
A B C D
19. If a lizard loses its tails, a new one grows to replace it
A D C D
20. If she wants to be an architect , she has work hard at university.
A B C D
III. Choose one sentence that has the same meaning as the root one.
1.Unless he apologizes , I’ll never invite him here again .
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