MATHEMATICS

JUST IN TIME MATERIAL

GRADE 11
CURRICULUM GRADES 10 – 12 DIRECTORATE
TERM 2 – 2017

This document has been compiled by Moses Govender (SES Mathematics, Harry Gwala District).
It seeks to unpack the content and give more guidance to the teachers. Please note that this
document is intended to supplement the Text book and not replace it!
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOPIC PAGE

EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY 3 - 19
FUNCTIONS & GRAPHS 20 - 33

Moses Govender SES HARRY GWALA DISTRICT 2017 Page 2 of 34

 EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

% COM-
DATES CURRICULUM STATEMENT
PLETED
1. Accept results established in earlier grades as axioms and also that
a tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius, drawn to the point
18/4 – 21/4 of contact.
2. Then investigate and prove the theorems of the geometry of circles: 35%
(4 days)
• The line drawn from the centre of a circle perpendicular to a
chord bisects the chord;
• The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre
of the circle;
24/4 – 26/4
• The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is double 37%
(3 days)
the size of the angle subtended by the same arc at the circle (on
the same side of the chord as the centre)
• Angles subtended by a chord of the circle, on the same side of
02/5– 05/5 the chord are equal; 40%
(4 days)
• The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary
• Two tangents drawn to a circle from the same point outside the
circle are equal in length;
08/5 – 12/5
• The angle between the tangent to a circle and the chord drawn 43%
(5 days)
from the point of contact is equal to the angle in the alternate
segment.
3. Use the above theorems and their converses, where they exist, to
15/5 – 16/5 solve riders.
44%
(2 days) (Proofs of theorems can be asked in examinations, but not the
proofs of their converses: CAPS p.34)

JUNE COMMON TEST WEIGHTING

Euclidean Geometry 55 ±3 marks out of 100 marks in P2

CAPS EXAM GUIDELINE WEIGHTING FOR FINAL EXAMINATION

Euclidean Geometry & Measurement 40 ± 3 marks out of 150 marks in P2

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A. OVERVIEW OF IMPORTANT GR 11 THEOREMS AND COROLLARIES.

No. ILLUSTRATION THEOREM OR COROLLARIES

(Acceptable Reasons for Formal Proof is in
brackets)
1.
The line drawn from the centre of a circle
perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord.

(line from centre ⊥ to chord)

2.
The line drawn from the centre of a circle to the
midpoint of a chord is perpendicular to the chord.

(line from centre to midpt of chord)

3.
The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a
circle is double the size of the angle subtended by the
same arc at the circle (on the same side of the chord
x
as the centre)
2x

(∠ at centre = 2 ×∠ at circumference )

4.
The angle subtended by the diameter at the
circumference of the circle is 90°.

(∠s in semi circle OR

diameter subtends right angle )

5.
x
Angles subtended by a chord of the circle, on the
same side of the chord, are equal
x

(∠s in the same seg )

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No. ILLUSTRATION THEOREM OR COROLLARIES
(Acceptable Reasons for Formal Proof is in
brackets)
6.
x
The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are
180°-x supplementary

(opp ∠s of cyclic quad)

7. x
The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to
the interior opposite angle.

(ext ∠ of cyclic quad )

8. x
The angle between the tangent to a circle and the
chord drawn from the point of contact is equal to the
angle in the alternate segment.
y

(tan chord theorem )

y
x

9.
The tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the
radius/diameter of the circle at the point of contact.

(tan ⊥ radius OR
tan ⊥ diameter )

10.
Two tangents drawn to a circle from the same point
outside the circle are equal in length

(Tans from common pt OR

Tans from same pt )

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No. ILLUSTRATION THEOREM OR COROLLARIES
(Acceptable Reasons for Formal Proof is in
brackets)
11.
Equal chords subtend equal angles at the centre of the
circle.
x
(equal chords; equal ∠s )
x

12.
Equal chords subtend equal angles at the
x circumference of the circle.

(equal chords; equal ∠s )

B. ACCEPTABLE REASONS WHEN WRITING PROOFS

THEOREM/COROLLARY STATEMENT ACCEPTABLE REASON(S)

The tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius/diameter of tan ⊥ radius

the circle at the point of contact. tan ⊥ diameter
If a line is drawn perpendicular to a radius/diameter at the point line ⊥ radius OR
where the radius/diameter meets the circle, then the line is a converse tan ⊥ radius OR
tangent to the circle. converse tan ⊥ diameter
The line drawn from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of a line from centre to midpt of
chord is perpendicular to the chord. chord
The line drawn from the centre of a circle perpendicular to a chord line from centre ⊥ to chord
bisects the chord.
The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre of perp bisector of chord
the circle;
The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is double ∠ at centre = 2 ×∠ at
the size of the angle subtended by the same arc at the circle (on circumference
the same side of the chord as the centre)
The angle subtended by the diameter at the circumference of the ∠s in semi circle OR
circle is 90°. diameter subtends right angle
OR
∠21

If the angle subtended by a chord at the circumference of the chord subtends 90° OR
circle is 90°, then the chord is a diameter. converse ∠s in semi circle

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 Angles subtended by a chord of the circle, on the same side of the ∠s in the same seg
chord, are equal
If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angles at two line subtends equal ∠s OR
points on the same side of the line segment, then the four points converse ∠s in the same seg
are concyclic.

Equal chords subtend equal angles at the circumference of the equal chords; equal ∠s
circle.
Equal chords subtend equal angles at the centre of the circle. equal chords; equal ∠s
Equal chords in equal circles subtend equal angles at the equal circles; equal chords;
circumference of the circles. equal ∠s

Equal chords in equal circles subtend equal angles at the centre of equal circles; equal chords;
the circles. equal ∠s
The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary opp ∠s of cyclic quad
If the opposite angles of a quadrilateral are supplementary then opp ∠s quad sup OR
the quadrilateral is cyclic. converse opp ∠s of cyclic quad
The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the interior ext ∠ of cyclic quad
opposite angle.
If the exterior angle of a quadrilateral is equal to the interior ext ∠ = int opp ∠ OR
opposite angle of the quadrilateral, then the quadrilateral is cyclic. converse ext ∠ of cyclic quad
Two tangents drawn to a circle from the same point outside the Tans from common ptOR
circle are equal in length Tans from same pt
The angle between the tangent to a circle and the chord drawn tan chord theorem
from the point of contact is equal to the angle in the alternate
segment.
If a line is drawn through the end-point of a chord, making with converse tan chord theorem
the chord an angle equal to an angle in the alternate segment, then OR
the line is a tangent to the circle. ∠ between line and chord

C. HOW TO GO ABOUT SOLVING A GEOMETRY RIDER

1. What knowledge must you have?

• Know all terminology associated with Euclidean Geometry relevant to the School
Curriculum.

• Be able to state ALL Theorems/ Converses of Theorems/ Axioms and Corollaries AND
be able to draw a rough diagram to describe every statement. Pages 2 to 5 of this
supplement indicate the important theorems and corollaries that must be learnt and
illustrations that should be remembered.

• Know how to write reasons in abbreviated form for the formal writing of proofs.
Approved reasons are found in the Examination Guideline.

2. What approach to use?

• When you see the Diagram and see the information provided use what I call the “Doctor
Cape Town” Method. That is look for Diameter/ Radius/ Cyclic Quadrilaterals/ Parallel
Lines/ Tangents in other words DRCPT (Doctor Cape Town ☺ ) This will help you
identify all the key aspects in the diagram and make problem solving easier!

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 • Use Colour Pencils (Maximum of 3 colours). This is particularly important when
proving triangles similar.

• Always remember the order of questions is critical. Invariably what is done in a

preceding question is vital to solve following questions.

• Remember correct writing of the solution is as important as solving the question itself.

3. How to Prove ..........

1) That lines are Parallel :

Prove: Alternate angles equal or
Corresponding angles equal or
Co-interior angles supplementary.

2) That a quadrilateral is Cyclic :

Prove: That a pair of opposite angles are supplementary or
The exterior angle is equal to the interior opposite angle or
The angles in the same segment are equal.

3) That a line is a diameter :

Prove: That the angle subtended by the line on the circumference is a right angle.

4) That a line is a tangent :

Prove: That the angle between the line and a chord is equal to the angle subtended
by the chord in the alternate segment.
or
That the line is perpendicular to the radius at point of contact on circle.

5) That two triangles are congruent:

Prove: A case of .......(Side/Side/Side) or (Side/Angle/Side)
or (Angle/Side/Angle) or (90°/Hypoteneus/Side)

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 D. LEARNER EXERCISES INCORPORATING ALL THEOREMS &
COROLLARIES

1. In the figure below, RDS is a tangent t o circle O at D. If BC = DC and CD̂S  40.

Calculate with reasons the value of :

1.1 BD̂C (2)

1.2 Ĉ (1)
1.3 Â (1)
1.4 Ô (2)
1

2. In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle.

P, Q, R and S are points on the circumference of the
circle. TOQ is a straight line such that T lies on PS.
PQ = QR
and Q̂1  x

2.1 Calculate with reasons, P̂1 in terms of x. (3)

2.2 Show that TQ bisects PQ̂R. (3)
2.3 Show that STOR is a cyclic quadrilate ral. (3)

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3. O is the centre of the circle below. OM ⊥ AC. The radius of the circle is equal to 5 cm and
BC = 8 cm.

3.1 Write down the size of AĈB (1)

3.2 Calculate with reasons
3.2.1 The length of AM (3)
3.2.2 Area of AOM : Area of  ABC (3)

4. In the figure below, O is the centre of the circle and PT = PR. Let R̂1  y and Ô1  x

4.1 Express x in terms of y. (3)

4.2 If TQ = TR and x = 120°, calculate the measure of:

4.2.1 y (2)
4.2.2 R̂ 2 (hint draw RQ) (3)

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5. In the figure TP and TS are tangents to
the given circle. R is a point on the
circumference. Q is a point on PR such
that Q̂  P̂ . SQ is drawn. Let P̂  x
1 1 1

Prove that:

5.1 TQ // SR (4)

5.2 QPTS is a cyclic quad. (4)

5.3 TQ bisects SQ̂P . (3)

6. In the diagram below AC is a diameter of the circle with centre O. AC and chord BD
intersect at E. AB, BC and AD are also chords of the circle. OD is joined. AE ⊥ BD.

6.1 If Ĉ  33 , calculate, with reasons,

the size of :

6.1.1 Â (3)
1
6.1.2 D̂ (2)
2

6.2 Show that AE bisects DÂB (3)

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7. In the diagram alongside, ST
|| QW and PQR is a tangent to
circle QSTVW at point Q.
Ŵ  70and Q̂  30
1 3

Calculate:

7.1 V̂ (3)
7.2 Q̂1 (2)
7.3 Q̂ 2 (1)
7.4 T̂1 (2)

8. In the diagram alongside,

O is the centre of circle ABDC.
O is joined to B and C. OB̂C  x

Determine, with reasons, the following angles in

terms of x:

8.1 Ô1 (2)

8.2 Â (2)
8.3 D̂ (2)

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9. In the diagram alongside, O is the
centre of circle RMPS. T is the midpoint of
RM. R̂  50

9.1 Calculate, with reasons, the value of the

following:
b) Ô 2 (2)
c) Ŝ (2)
d) P̂1 (2)

9.2 Is TOPM a cyclic quadrilateral? Give

a reason for your answer. (2)

10. In the diagram below,

circle QRS has tangents PQ
and PS. PT ⎥⎥ SR with T on
QR. Ŝ1  x

10.1 Find, with reasons, 3 other angles equal to x. (5)

10.2 Prove that

10.2.1 TQPS is a cyclic quadrilateral (2)
10.2.2 Ŝ3  Q̂1 (3)

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11. In the diagram below, points R, P, A, Q and T lie on a circle. RA bisects R̂ and
AB = AQ. RA and TQ produced meet at B.

Prove that :
11.1 AQ bisects PQ̂B (3)
11.2 TR  TB (2)
11.3 P̂  TR̂P (3)

12. In the diagram alongside, two concentric

circles with centre at M and with radii 5 cm
and 8,5 cm are given. PQRS is a chord of the
larger circle cutting the smaller circle at Q and
R. MYS is a straight line with Y on the smaller
circle.

QR = 6 cm

Calculate, with reasons, the length of PS. (7)

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13. In the diagram alongside, O is the centre of circle MEK such that OM is the diameter of
circle MNO. Chord EM of the larger circle cuts the smaller circle at N.

EM = (2 x 2 – 2) units and ON = 2x units

13.1 Express, with reasons, the length of the

radius of circle MEK in terms of x. (7)

13.2 If OM̂N  θ determine with reasons, the

magnitude of K̂ in terms of θ . (4)

14. In the diagram below, O is the centre of

circle DEG. E is the point of contact of
tangent FE to the circle. DF cuts the circle at
G. EG = GF and GF̂E  x .

14.1 Name, with reasons, TWO

other angles each equal to x. (3)

14 .2 Express DÔE in terms x. (3)

15. In the diagram below, circle PTRNS, with centre O, is drawn. NP bisects SP̂T . PN and
TR are produced to meet at Y. NR = NY. let Ô1  4 x

15.1 Determine the following in terms of x

15.1.1 R̂ 3 (5)

15.1.2 PŜR (4)

15.2 Hence, prove that OSYR is NOT a cyclic

quadrilateral. (3)

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D. QUESTIONS FROM PAST EXAMINATION PAPERS.
QUESTION 1

In the diagram below, PR is a chord of the circle with centre O. Diameter ST is

perpendicular to PR at M. PR = 8 cm, MT = 2 cm, OM = x cm.

P R
M
2

T
1.1 Write OP in terms of x and a number. (1)

1.2 Write down the length of PM. Give a reason. (2)

1.3 Hence calculate the length of the radius of the circle. (3)

QUESTION 2

In the diagram below, the vertices of PNR lie on the circle with centre O. Diameter SR is
perpendicular to chord NP at T. Point W lies on NR. R̂ 2  30 0 .

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2.1 Calculate the size of the following angles, giving reasons for your answers:

2.1.1 Ŝ (3)

2.1.2 R̂ 1 (3)

2.1.3 N̂ 1 (3)

2.2 If it is further given that NW = WR, prove that TNWO is a cyclic quadrilateral. (4)

QUESTION 3

3.1 In the diagram alongside, M is the centre of circle PQRS. PM ║RS , QR = PR and


R 2 = 280

Determine, giving reasons, the size of the following angles:


3.1.1 S2 (3)


3.1.2 PSR (3)


3.1.3 Q (2)


3.1.4 P3 (3)

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3.2 In the diagram below, PQ is a tangent to circle SRQWT at Q. PRS is a straight line.
RW cuts SQ and QT at K and L respectively.

ˆ  x.
PS || QT , RS = TW and Q 2

T 3 R
1
2

K
L
4
3 1
2 2
1
W 2 3
1 4
Q P

3.2.1 Find , with reasons, three other angles equal to x. (5)

Prove that :

3.2.2 Rˆ 1  Lˆ 3 (5)

3.2.3 PRKQ is a cyclic quadrilateral. (6)

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QUESTION 4

In the diagram below, PQ and RS are chords of the circle such that PQ || RS. The tangent to
the circle at Q meets RS produced at T and the tangent at S meets QT at V. PS and QR
intersect at W. QS and PR are drawn. Let Q̂1  x and R̂ 2  y .
T

V
1

Q x
1
4 3 2 1 S
2
6
3
4 5

1
M• 4 2
3
W

y 2 1
1
2 R
P

4.2.1 Write down a reason why QV = VS. (1)

4.2.2 Write down the following angles in terms of x:

(a) Ŝ2 (2)

(b) R̂ 1 (2)

(c) V̂1 (3)

4.2.3 Show that R̂ 1  Ŝ 4 (4)

4.2.4 Prove that QVSW is a cyclic quadrilateral. (4)

4.2.5 Write down the following angles in terms of y:

(a) Q̂ 4 (2)

(b) T̂ (2)

4.2.6 If M is the centre of the circle, hence prove that PMWR is a cyclic quadrilateral. (2)

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FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

% COM-
DATES CURRICULUM STATEMENT
PLETED
1. Revise the effect of the parameters 𝑎 and 𝑞 and investigate the
17/5 – 19/5 effect of 𝑝 on the graphs of the functions defined by: 46%
(3 days)
• 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑝) + 𝑞;
2

22/5 – 26/5 𝑎
• 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+𝑝 + 𝑞; 49%
(5 days)
29/5 – 02/6
• 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎. 𝑏 𝑥+𝑝 + 𝑞, where 𝑏 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 ≠ 1. 52%
(5 days)
2. Investigate numerically the average gradient between two
05/6 – 07/6 points on a curve and develop an intuitive understanding of the 54%
(3 days) concept of the gradient of a curve at a point.

JUNE COMMON TEST WEIGHTING

Functions & Graphs 40 ±3 marks out of 100 marks in P1

CAPS EXAM GUIDELINE WEIGHTING FOR FINAL EXAMINATION

Functions & Graphs 45 ± 3 marks out of 150marks in P 1

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A. STRAIGHT LINE

General representation or equation

y  ax  q or y  mx  x . a or m is the gradient and q or c is the y  intercept
Also note the shape of the following linear functions

a<0 a=0 a>0 a is undefined

q<0 y=q q<0 there is no q-value
Domain and range is x   and y   respectively

B. HYPERBOLA

General representation or equation

a a a a
y or xy  a y q or y q or y q
x x x p x p
a0 a0

Dotted lines are asymptotes Dotted lines are asymptotes

• q is the vertical translation

• p is the horizontal translation

a
• For y  , p  0 and q  0 . The vertical asymptote is x  0 and the horizontal
x
asymptote is y  0 . The axis of symmetry are y  x (Positive) and y  x (Negative)

Domain is x  0, x   and Range is y  0, y  

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 a
• For y   q , p  0 . The vertical asymptote is x  0 and the horizontal asymptote is
x
y  q . The axis of symmetry are y  x  q (Positive) and y   x  q (Negative).

Domain is x  0, x   and Range, y  q, y  

a
• For y   q  ( y  q)( x  p)  a , the vertical asymptote is x  p and the
x p
horizontal asymptote is y  q . The axis of symmetry is y  x  p   q .

Domain is x   p, x   and Range, y  q, y  

 q   y  q x  p   a , the vertical asymptote is x   p and the

a
• For y 
x p
horizontal asymptote is y  q . The axis of symmetry is y  x  p   q .

Domain is x   p, x   and range is y  q, y  

Example 1

3
Given : f ( x)  1
x2

1.1. Write down the equations of the asymptotes of f .

1.2. Determine coordinates of B, the x-intercept of f.
1.3. Determine the coordinates of D, the y-intercept of f
1.4. Determine the domain and the range of f
1.5. Determine the decreasing and increasing functions of the axes of symmetry of f
1.6. Draw the sketch graph of f

Solutions:

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 1.1) Vertical asymptote is x  2  0 1.2) x  intercept  y  0
x2 3
0 1
Horizontal asymptote is y  1 x2
 1( x  2)  3
 x  2  3  x  1
 x  1

1.3) y  intercept  x  0 1.4) Domain is x  2; x  

3 3 2 1 Range is y  1; y  
y 1  
2 2 2
1.5) Axes of symmetry are: 1.6) y
y   x  2   1 f

1
1
 x  2  1 or y   x  2  1  12 2 x
y  x  1 Increasing (positive
gradient) or y  x  3
Decreasing (Negative gradient)

C. PARABOLA

General representation or Equation

y  ax2 y  ax2  q y  a x  p   q y  ax2  bx  c

2
or or or
Important Deductions
for a  0 for a  0

• For y  ax , p  0 and q  0 , the turning point is (0 ; 0) and y-intercept is

2

y=0
The domain is x  ℝ and the range is y  0; y  ℝ if a  0 or y  0; y  ℝ if a  0

• For y  ax  q , p  0 , the turning point is (0 ; q) and y-intercept is y = q

2

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 The domain is x  ℝ and the range is y  q ; y  ℝ if a  0 or y  0; y  ℝ if a  0

• For y  ax  p   q , the turning point is ( p ; q) and y-intercept is y  a p   q

2 2

The domain is x  ℝ and the range is y  q ; y  ℝ if a  0 or y  0; y  ℝ if a  0

  b 4ac  b 2 
• For y  ax  bx  c , the turning point is   and y-intercept is
2
;
 2a 4a 

y=c

4ac  b 2
The domain is x  ℝ and the range is y  ; y  ℝ if a  0 or
4a
4ac  b 2
y ; y  ℝ if a  0
4a
• The roots or x-intercepts are determined by equating y to zero and solve for x.

Example 2:
Sketched below are the graphs of: g x    2 x  8 ; f x  x 2  k and

6
h(x) = 1
x2
A and B are the x- and y - intercepts of h respectively, C (−6 ; 20) and E are the points of
intersection of f and g .

C(−6 ; D
20)
f
h

O E
A x
g
B

2.1 Calculate the coordinates of A, B and E.

2.2 Show that the value of k   16
2.3 Determine the domain and the range of f

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2.4 Write down the values of x for which g x   f x   0
2.5 Determine the equation of the symmetry axis of h if the gradient is negative.
2.6 Write down the range of s, if s(x) = f(x) + 2.
2.7 Write down the range of t, if t(x) = h(x) + 2

Solutions:
To answer the above questions you need to identify all the functions in order to apply the
deductions indicated above.
2.1 A and B are x and y intercepts of g respectively.

6 6
at A, y  0   1 0 at B, x  0  y  1
x2 2
6  x  2 y  3  1
4  x  y  2
 x  4
Thus A  4;0 Thus B 0;2
E is the x- intercept of the straight line and the parabola. It is easy and straight forward to use
the
equation of the straight line to get the coordinates of E.
At E, y  0; 0  2 x  8
2x  8
Thus E 4;0 
x4
2.2) C(-6; 20) is on f and g , 2.3) Domain is x  ℝ
substituting the
into Range is y  16; y ℝ
y  x  k  20   6  k
2 2

 20  36  k
k  16
2.4) These are values of x for 2.5) For negative gradient, y  ( x  2)  1
which the graph of g and f
intersect or f is below g . y  x  2 1
It is from C(-6 ; 20) and E(4 ; 0) y  x  3
That is  6  x  4

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2.6) + 2 implies the value of p is 2.7) + 2 implies the value of p is increased by 2
increased by 2 The range of t is y  1  2; y  ℝ
The range of s is y  16  2 y  3; y  ℝ
y  14

D. EXPONENTIAL

General representation or Equation:

y  abx or y  abx  q or y  abx p  q
The restriction is b  0; b  1
Important Deductions
for for for for a  0 and 0  b  1
a  0 and b  1 a  0 and 0  b  1 a  0 and b  1

• For y  ab , the asymptote is y = 0 and the y-intercept is y  a

x

• For y  ab  q , the asymptote is y = q and y-intercept is y = a + q

x

x p
• For y  ab  q , the asymptote is y = q and y-intercept is y  ab  q
p

Example 3
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3−𝑥+1 − 3

3.1 Write f (x) in the form y  ab  q

x

3.2 Draw the graph of 𝑓 showing all the intercepts with the axes and the asymptote.
3.3 What is the domain and the range of f ?

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Solutions:

x
 x 1 x 1
3.1 y 3  3  3 .3  3  3.3  3  3   3
x

 3

x
1
3.2 The asymptote is y  3 , x -intercept, y = 0, i.e. 3   3  0
 3
x x 0
1 1 1
3   3     1   
 3 3  3 y
x  0
0
f x

3.3. Domain is x  ℝ and range is y  3; y ℝ.

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E. QUESTIONS FROM PAST EXAMINATION PAPERS.

QUESTION 1
12
Given: ℎ(𝑥) = + 6 for 𝑥 > 0
𝑥−4

1.1 Draw a neat sketch graph of h in your work book . Show all intercepts with the axes
and asymptotes. (4)

1.2 Write down the equation of k if k is the reflection of h about the x-axis. (3)

QUESTION 2

2.1 Sketched below are the functions: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 20 and 𝑔(𝑥) = −2𝑥 + 𝑘.
y

0 x
A B

C
D
g

Determine:

2.1.1 the coordinates of turning point D. (2)

2.1.2 the coordinates of A and B. (3)

2.1.3 the value of k . (2)

2.1.4 the values of p if 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑝 = 0 has no real roots. (2)

2.1.5 for which values of x is 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) ≤ 0. (2)

2.1.6 the value of t if 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 𝑡 is a tangent to f . (4)

2.2 Consider the following two functions: 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 and 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥.
2.2.1 How will you shift p to become the function r ? (3)

2.2.2 Write down the range of p . (1)

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QUESTION 3

a
The diagram above shows the graph of f ( x)   q . The lines x = –1 and y = 1
x p
are the asymptotes of f . P(2 ; 4) is a point on f and T is the x–intercept of f.

P(─2 ; 4)

1
O x
─1 T

3.1 Determine the values of a, p, and q. (4)

3.2 Calculate the coordinates of T, the x – intercept of f. (3)

3.3 If the graph of f is symmetrical with respect to the line y  x  c ,

determine the value of c. (2)
[9]

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QUESTION 4

The sketch below shows the graphs of g ( x)   x 2  2 x  3 and h( x)  ax  q . The

graphs intersect at B and E. The graph of g intersects the x – axis at A and B and has a
turning point at C. The graph of h intersects the y – axis at D. The length of CD is 6
units.

C h

A O B x

g
D

4.1 Determine the coordinates of B and C. (4)

4.2 Write down the coordinates of D. (2)

4.3 Write down the values of a and q. (2)

4.4 Determine the coordinates of E. (5)

QUESTION 5

The function 𝑓 is given by the equation y = − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 8

5.1 Determine all the intercepts of 𝑓(𝑥) with the axes. (4)
5.2 Determine the turning point of 𝑓(𝑥). (3)
5.3 Determine the value of 𝑐 if the graph 𝑔(𝑥) = − 4𝑥 + 𝑐 is a tangent
to the graph of 𝑓(𝑥). (4)

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QUESTION 6

The graphs of the functions 𝑔(𝑥) = −1. 2(𝑥+𝑝) + 𝑞 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 are drawn
below.
Y

4
𝑓
𝑔

𝑥
0

6.1 Show that 𝑝 = 1 and 𝑞 = 4 (3)

6.2 Determine the 𝑦 − intercept of𝑔(𝑥). (2)

6.3 Determine the equation of𝑓(𝑥). (5)

6.4 Write down the range of 𝑔(𝑥). (1)

6.5 Explain how increasing the value of 𝑞 will change the graph of 𝑔(𝑥). (1)

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QUESTION 7
2
Below is the graph of 𝑔 ∶ 𝑥 → 𝑥−3 + 𝑞, with a point (2; − 6) on the graph.

𝑥
0

( 2 ; -6)

7.1 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of 𝑔. (3)

7.2 Determine the domain of the graph of 𝑔 (2)

7.3 Determine the equation of 𝑓(𝑥)=−2 𝑔( x+ 2) (3)

QUESTION 8
3
The equation of a function f is given by f(x) = 1.
x2

8.1 Determine the asymptotes of f(x). (2)

8.2 Determine the x and y intercepts. (3)
8.3 Draw a neat sketch of f on the given diagram sheet. (3)
8.4 Write down the asymptotes of k(x) if k(x) is a function where f(x) is moved
5 units to the left and 1 unit down. (2)

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QUESTION 9

In the diagram is the graphs of: h(x) = px + q and g(x) = ax2 + bx + c

f touches the x axis at (-2 ; 0). h and g intersects at (0;4). T(-1;6) lies on the graph of h

T(-1 ; 6) •

x
(-2:0) O
9.1 Determine the equation of g. (4)
9.2 Determine the value of p and q. (4)
9.3 For what values of x is h(x) < g(x)? (1)
9.4 Describe the transformation from g to p if p(x) = x 2 (2)

QUESTION 10
a
The diagram below shows the graphy of: f ( x)   q T(5;3) is a point on f,
x p

10.1 Determine the values of p, q and a. (4)

10.2 Write down the equation of p(x) if p(x) = f(x + 1)  2. (2)
10.3 If the new graph p(x) is reflected across the line with equation y =  x + c, then the
new graph will be exactly y = f(x). Determine the value of c. (3)

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REFERENCES

1. Department of Basic Education NSC Examination Question Papers 2009 - 2016

2. KZN Trial P1&P2 2015, Limpopo Trial P1& P2 2014, 2013, Mpumalanga Trial 2013,
Western Cape Trial 2014 P1 & P2
3. DBE Second Chance Revision Booklet 2017

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