An Introduction

CURRICULUM

• A prescribed course.

• Offered in all schools.

• Present and designed differently for all

student levels.
 BASIC CONTENT

General Courses

Specific Courses

Degree or Certification
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY VS. HIGHER
EDUCATION

Primary and
Higher
Secondary
Education
Education
 TYPES OF CURRICULUM

1. Traditional Curriculum

• Text-book-Workbook approach.

• Focuses on grades.
 TYPES OF CURRICULUM

2. Thematic Unit Study

• Integrated study.

• More focused on academics based on

the student’s interests.
 TYPES OF CURRICULUM

3. Programmed

• Self-paced; based on the student’s

desired pacing.

• Little direction from teachers or tutors.

 TYPES OF CURRICULUM

4. Classical

• This coincides with the child’s cognitive

development.

• Involves the TRIVIUM of learning.

TRIVIUM OF LEARNING

Grammar
Stage

Dialectic Stage

Rhetoric Stage
 TYPES OF CLASSROOM CURRICULUM

1. Written Curriculum

• Published part of formal education.

• Includes the following:
a. Objectives b. Course guides c. Lesson
plans and course material d. grading
criteria
TYPES OF CLASSROOM CURRICULUM

2. Hidden Curriculumm

• Based on norms and values of

the educational institute.
• Gives prioritize to certain
subjects.
 TYPES OF CLASSROOM CURRICULUM

3. Null curriculum

• Material and subjects not taught

in the class.
TYPES OF CLASSROOM CURRICULUM

4. Tested curriculum

• Body information on which

students will be tested.
TYPES OF CLASSROOM CURRICULUM

5. Electronic curriculum

• Internet-based
• Focused on critical thinking
CURRICULUM VS. SYLLABUS

• Guideline or outline.
• Given upon request.
• Break down of ideas.
curriculum • Suggested presentation.
• Measure of effectiveness.
• Designed by school.

• Descriptive course list.

syllabus • Given during class.

• Overview of class.
• Made and designed by teachers.
 CURRICULUM PLANNING

•A process where a teacher

builds a class curriculum
through coordinating with
school boards in order to
achieve uniform goals.
 CURRICULUM PLANNING

What is a curriculum plan?

• Helps with planning material. [Objective planning]

• Maintains uniformity.

• Mainly for Primary and Secondary levels.

PROCESS AND MAIN COMPONENTS

Planning is either basic or comprehensive.

1. Charts and Reports

2. Subject schedules
3. Topics to be discussed
4. Examinations, paperwork and
assessment.
 MAIN COMPONENTS

FRAMING THE
CONTEXT

Planning the Implementing

lessons the lessons

Monitoring Evaluating
progress learning
 ASSESSMENT OF SUCCESS

By •How students
Observation cope

• Complete
Security
discussion
 CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• Method of which teaching

organizations and training
institutes guide learning.
• Both inside and outside the
classroom.
FOUR ELEMENTS OF CURRICULUM DEV’T

Identification Planning

Practical
Evaluation
Application
 ASPECTS OF CURRICULUM

•Programs of an educational institution.

•Majors, Concentrations, degree programs

Visible •Faculty information.

•Welfare of the participants of the

Invisible
curriculum.
•Student-centered/focused.
 LEVELS OF CURRICULUM

The Visible Aspect

• Academic
• Extra-curriculum

The Invisible Aspect

• Sub-curriculum
• Intra-curriculum
• Meta-curriculum
 LEVELS OF CURRICULUM

1. Academic Curriculum
• Courses and subjects.

2. Extra-curriculum
• Amplifier of the academic curriculum.
 LEVELS OF CURRICULUM

1. Sub-curricular
• Physical and emotional state of the
student.

2. Intra-curriculum
• Bias of certain aspects of a person’s
being.
 LEVELS OF CURRICULUM

1. Sub-curricular
• Physical and emotional state of the
student.

2. Intra-curriculum
• Bias of certain aspects of a person’s
being.
 LEVELS OF CURRICULUM

3. Meta-curriculum

• Funding, research quality, institutional

and environmental aspects.
• Also includes the spiritual aspect of the
curriculum.
 CURRICULUM DESIGN

However adapted
Often designed by by parents and
specialists and guardians who
professionals of homeschool their
different expertise. children.
CURRICULUM DESIGN

Challenge and
Enjoyment

Progression

Depth
CURRICULUM DESIGN

Personalization

Coherence

Relevance
 CURRICULUM EVALUATION

• Determining the worth of an entire

curriculum.

• Helps the policy-making bodies and

administrators in making decisions.

• Reference for people involved in the school

body.
 TYPES OF EVALUATION

Diagnostic Evaluation
1. What needs to be improved?
2. Making decisions on how to improve them.

Formative Evaluation

1. Planning within the student body/personnel.

Summative Evaluation
1. Progress reports.
2. Reporting of findings and conclusions.
 METHODS OF EVALUATION

1. External evaluation

•People from outside the

school system with various
expertise.
 METHODS OF EVALUATION

Why is external evaluation needed?

1. Need for independence

2. Span of control
3. Legal requirements
4. Expertise of the people involved.
 METHODS OF EVALUATION

1. Internal evaluation

•People from within the

student body or institution.
•Existing groups within the
system.
 METHODS OF EVALUATION

Why is internal evaluation

needed?

•For centralization and

decentralization.
THE FOCUSES OF CURRICULUM
EVALUATION

Curriculum
development

Curriculum Analysis of
Design outcomes

Analysis of
Monetary
teaching
resources
quality
 REFERENCES:

• Smith, S.E. , Wallace, O. (September 11, 2012). What Is

Curriculum Design? Retrieved from:
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-curriculum-
design.htm
• Ellis-Chistensen, T. , Wallace, O. (October 1, 2012). What
is Curriculum? Retrieved from:
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-curriculum.htm
• Faria, Allison , Wallace, O. (July 17, 2012). What is
Curriculum Planning? Retrieved from:
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-curriculum-
planning.htm
• Curriculum (n.d.) , In Wikipedia. Retrieved from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum
 REFERENCES:

• Vientiane, L. Building Capacities of Curriculum Specialists for

Educational Reform [PDF Document] Retrieved from IBE
UNESCO website
• http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/archive/cu
rriculum/Asia%20Networkpdf/vienrepor.pdf
• Primary School Curriculum. Retrieved. October 12, 2012
• http://www.curriculumonline.ie/en/primary_school_curriculum
/
• What is Curriculum Development? Retrieved October 11, 2012
• http://www.cglrc.cgiar.org/icraf/toolkit/What_is_curriculum_d
evelopment_.htm
• Principles for Curriculum Design
• http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/thecurriculum/howisth
ecurriculumorganised/principles/index.asp