Factors in Choosing Senior High School Strand of Grade 10 Students Org

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Schools Division of Tanauan City
Janopol Oriental National High School
Janopol Oriental, Tanauan City, Batangas
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Deciding on what strand to take in senior high school is important for it is the beginning
of their chosen line of work in the future. This descriptive study was to determine the
influence of preference of a Senior High School strand that is commonly encountered by the
senior high school students in terms of personal interest, family influence, peer influence,
financial condition, and employ-ability.
Using an adapted questionnaire it was found out that personal interest was the most
influencing factor in choosing a strand of senior high school students of Janopol Oriental
National Highschool. Personal interest play an important role in choosing a course to study,
however other factors should be consider such as job prospects, job demands, academic
prerequisites, and personal circumstances.
There should be a regular school career guidance program where the senior high
school tracks, strands and specializations are properly discussed so that students can really
decide and take the right strand which is in line with their future work or career.
Background of the Study
The Department of Education implementation of the new K-12 Curriculum brings major
reform in the schools nationwide. This change includes decongesting and enhancing the
basic education curriculum for learners to master basic competencies and lengthening the
cycle of basic education. By prolonging the basic education ensures that graduates earn the
essential skills and reach the legal age for employment.
Choosing a strand is critical for making a student highly proficient in the field where his
or her chosen track is related to, especially if the student wishes to work immediately after
graduating from Senior High School. Educators found out a mismatch in the track and the
student’s interests, personality and passion may lead to a poorly knowledgeable graduate
who will find it hard to compete in the job market or keep up with other students when he or
she goes to college.
Choosing a right tracks / strands can help learners set goals and develop strategy for
getting where they want to be. Part of selecting appropriate strands involves making an
honest self-evaluation of talents and skills, and interest. This prompted the researcher to
investigate regarding the determinants of senior high school tracks and strands inclination of
Grade 10 students so they will be properly guided to avoid waste of time, effort, and
finances in choosing career.

Theoretical Framework
This study is about the factors that affecting the grade 10 students of Janopol Oriental
National Highschool on choosing their strand. This is following their diverse dreams and
interests in life that can still change over time:
Moneva and Malbas (2019)
conducted a study that showed that peer influence significantly influences choosing the
senior high school track. They noticed that peers influence students' preferred tracks, which
makes choosing a senior high school track more difficult. It makes decisions more difficult to
the point that they described it as "one of the biggest challenges" to a student's decision-
making.
Kumar (2016)
The influence of a parent's involvement in a child's education is also inevitable.
In some movements or anything that needs to be decided on, parents would
intervene or get themselves involved, and these interventions have influenced their
children. This situation is evident, especially when students decide on their careers.
The results of the study reveal that parents significantly influence career choice
among students.
Conceptual Framework
The focus of this study was undertaken by the following conceptual framework.
DEPENDENT VARIABLES: This study would identify the factors that affect them which can
be used as basis for our research.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES:This includes the demographic profile of the students, their
choice of field of study to specialize and their strand preferences.
Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Demographic Profile:
 Sex
 Age; and
Senior High strand preference of
 Section the students-respondents in terms
of:
Preferred Strand / Tracks of Students:
 In terms of academic strand;
 Parental Influence
1.1 STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Management)
1.2 HUMSS ( Humanities and Social Science)  Peer Influence
1.3 ABM (Accountancy Business Management); and
1.4 GAS ( General Academic Strand)  Interest ;and
 Arts and Design Track
 Sports Track  Job Opportunities
 In terms of TVL ( Technical-Vocational-Livelihood )
2.1 Agri-Fishery Arts
2.2 Home Economics (HE)
2.3 Information and Communication Technology
(ICT); and
2.4 Industrial Arts.
Figure1. The Framework of The Study
Figure 2
Research Paradigm
Figure 2 shows the variable that were assessed and hypothesized to obtain the
objectives of the study. The strand preferences and demographic status were set as
the independent variables, Whereas the Interest, Skill, Personal Challenges,
Parental Support, and School Structure are dependent variable. The variables were
interval scale and categorical-nominal for the strand preferences with the following
categories; Academics,TVL, Arts and Design Track , and Sports Track.
The variables were treated descriptively to describe the level of influence of the
course selection factors as perceived by the students in selecting their strand
preference for senior high school study, in additional, Multinational logistic
regression analysis was computed to measure the significance of the strand
selection factors.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine the students' preferred strand, the factors' level of influence
on the senior high strand preferences, and if there is a significant relationship between the
factors and strands.
Specifically, the study answered the following:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Age
b. Sex ; and
C. Section
2. What are the factors affecting learners in track and strand choosing their preferred track
and strand for senior high school along:
a. Parental Influence
b. Peer Influence
c. Interest
d. Job Opportunities
3. Is there a significant difference between the following variables when grouped
according to profile?
a. Parental Influence
b. Peer Influence
c. Interest
d. Job Opportunities
4. Based on findings, what recommendation may be proposed?

Research Hypothesis
The study posits the following hypothesis:
Ho: There is no significant association between the factors and the roles of preference of a
Senior High School track of the grade 10 students.
Significance of the Study
Learning is the aspect of development that connotes modification of behaviour skills
and knowledge that results from practice and experience which sought for quality education.
The generalization of this present study would be a great contribution to the vast knowledge
in relation to student’s achievements. Vital results of this investigation could be highly
significant and beneficial specifically to the following:
Students: By identifying the factors that influencing students’ choice, educators can
provide targeted interventions and resources to help students align their interests, aptitudes,
and aspirations with the available academic options. This can lead to improved student
engagement, motivation, and ultimately better academic outcomes.
Parents: they can give advice on their children about the various factors that should be
considered when choosing an academic strand.
Teachers: They can provide better support and information to help students make an
informed choices about their future career paths.

School: The school will benefit by creating a supportive learning environment and
equipping them for their chosen professional pathways, it helps students make well-informed
selections that complement their abilities and goals.
Future Researchers: As for the future researcher, they can benefit on the study, it
means they can use it as a guide, a tool and reference when conducting researches which
has relevance to the study.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study is to be conducted at Janopol Oriental National High school; The said school
is selected based mainly on the proximity of its location to the researchers. JOHNS is a
public school situated at Janopol Oriental Tanauan City, Batangas. The school’s education
system is characterized by reason, religion, school friendly and loving kindness, and aims to
install religious values to the students and at the same time giving emphasis to technological
work of education that hones their self-discipline, skills and attitude while maintaining sense
of self-responsibility.
This study focuses on the senior high school track preferences of their Grade 10
students of the Academic Year 2023-2024. It will look into their Sociodemographic profiles in
terms of sex, section,age , and the factors that can affect in terms of Interest, Skill, Personal
Challenges, Parental Support, and School Structure.The researchers considered the Grade
10 students since after they graduated grade 10 level, they will become a Senior High
School in the coming AY 2024-2025.

Definition of Terms
Age: The period of time someone has been alive or something existed.
Career: A field for pursuit of consecutive progressive achievement
especially in public, professional or business.
Characteristics: A feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place,
or thing and serving to identify it.
Choice: An act of selecting or making a decision when faced with two or
more responsibilities.
Course: A number of lectures or other reached after consideration.
Contribution: The party by a person or thing in bringing about a result or
helping something to advance.
Decisions: Conclusion or resolution after consideration.
Decongesting: Relieve the congestion of (something)
Deped: Executive department of the philippines government for improving
the quality of basic education.
Education: Discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and
learning.
Factors: A circumferences, fact, or influence that contributes to a result.

Family: The basic unit in society traditionally consisting of two parents
rearing their children\s.
Future: Used to refer to what will happen to someone or something in the
time to come.
Influence: The capacity to have an effect on the character, development,
or behavior of someone or something, or he effect itself.
Interest: The state of wanting to know or learn about something or
someone.
Intricate: very complicated or detailed.
Junior High School: A school usually including Grades 7 to 10. K-12
program-covers 13 years of basic education.
Occupation: A person's usual or principal work or business especially as
a means of earning a living.
Opportunities: A set of circumstances that makes it possible to do
something,
Peer: A person of the same legal status.
Potential: Having or showing the capacity to become or develop into
something in the future.
Self-evaluation: a procedure to systematically observe, analyze and value

your own professional action
Senior High School: Refers to the last two years of K-12 program School-
an institution for educating children.
Status: Relative social or professional position.
Student: A person enrolled in a school or other educational institutions.
Sociodemographic: Combination of social and demographic factors that
define individuals in a particular group
Socio-Economic: Relating to or concerned with the interaction of social
and economic factors
Teacher: A person who helps others to acquire knowledge.
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This part of the study was completed after an in-depth search conducted by the
researchers. This part contains related literature that is an essential piece of the study. The
information added to this part was included to help familiarize readers with relevant topics
related to the current study:

Philippine's K-12 Curriculum
Education is essential to a human's life. It was stated in the study of Abulencia (2015)
that education is a social investment for the basic unit of society and the whole nation.
Education enhances knowledge and skills while fostering personality and attitude growth.
One advantage of education is acquiring and developing critical and logical thinking and the
capacity to make independent decisions (Abragan et al., 2022).
The "K to 12" initiative, the Philippines' comprehensive reform of its basic education,
was introduced in 2012. Through this reform, the Philippines is bringing secondary
education up to par with international standards and placing a high importance on
kindergarten (Masayoshi, 2013). As stated in Abueva (2019).
This implementation was the key to the growth of our country. Meanwhile, the study by
Dizon et al. (2019) said this implementation aims to produce highly educated learners with
foundational skills for career and lifetime learning. Because of the program, Filipino learners
are already seen and viewed as equals in terms of abilities with international learners.
In the implemented curriculum, some changes gave learners more time to focus and
master what they needed to live. Two years were added to secondary education, which they
labeled senior high school. It has two grade levels, which are Grades 11 and 12. These
different grades have their specializations or tracks that students can freely choose from.
However, choosing a track is a difficult challenge, and it tests one's decision-making skills.
Certain factors influence a student's decision when deciding which track to be on.
Personal interest, academic aptitude, familiarity with the subject, and peer influence are
the most frequently mentioned characteristics among learners, according to a study by Fizer
(2013). Other elements mentioned in Manapsal's study (2018) that are seen as helpful when
adolescents ask for assistance include their parents, professors, friends, and classmates.
Given the various criteria mentioned, it is clear that making a decision is essential since
students must consider various things. However, some kids continue to believe that the
senior high school track they select will not matter in the future. Thus, they make no
considerations. (Cabanias, 2021).
Parental Influence and Career Choice
The family is the fundamental unit of society. Families are the ones who provide for the
material and non-material needs of every child; in fact, it is in families that every child grows
and learns the necessary information to live.
The common values adopted are the ability to survive and thrive, multilingualism, and
education. In the same unit, the children learn to write and read, starting with writing their
names. The same study in the previous citation said that each family is responsible for their
child's education and socialization. In addition, it was presented in the study of Sapungan
(2014) that family involvement in education has many benefits for a child's growth.
The involvement of parents in a child's education is inevitable. The article Parental
Involvement in Education (2023) shows that parental involvement in a child's education is
consistent and has caused a positive relationship between parents and their child. However,
the article published by Gaunt (2013) contradicted the previous citation by stating that being
overly involved can be a problem or issue for a child. It was even added that students get
too distracted by the presence of their parents.
The results of the study by Kumar (2016) reveal that parents significantly influence
career choice among students. It was learned that parents have an important influence on
students' career choices. It was even stated that fathers influence students' career choices
more than their mothers. In contrast, the study of Olaosebikan et al. (2014) states that
students in secondary schools in their government have some independence in making
career choices.
The influence of parents on their child's choice of track and strand is as evident as their
influence on career choice. The survey results in the study of Cervera et al. (2016) show that
the interpretation of parental influence was high. This result means that parental influence
on learners plays a big role in choosing their preferred track and strand in senior high
school.
In contrast with the two studies, Abarro (2016) presents the results of their study, which
show no association between parental influence and track choices. These findings mean
that even if parents get involved in their child's education a lot, their influence still differs
Influence of Peers in the Career Choice of the Students
Peers that surround us are necessary, especially in social life. Peer relationships
provide effects that might be positive, such as learning social-emotional skills like empathy
and cooperation, or negative, such as poor social-emotional development that resulted from
deviant peer processes. Likewise, learners are also influenced in their decision-making, and
choosing a career is not exempted.
According to the study of Kazi and Akhlaq (2017), peer influence is the second most
significant factor next to parental influence when it comes to career choice. The study
analyzed their semi-structured interview and found that learners are more comfortable and
confident making career choices with their friends. This result shows that the mere presence
of their friends can significantly affect their decisions.
The study by Koech et al. (2016) discussed how peers greatly influence a student's
career choice, especially when their friends are mentoring or advising them and when they
approve of whatever choice they make. Peer influence is evident in the choice of course in
college, too, along with parents' decisions and students' abilities. However, among the three
factors, peer influence has the lowest influence on college course choice (Dupan et al.,
2019)
Moneva and Malbas (2019) conducted a study that showed that peer influence
significantly influences choosing the senior high school track. They noticed that peers
influence students' preferred tracks, which makes choosing a senior high school track more
difficult. It makes decisions more difficult to the point that they described it as "one of the
biggest challenges" to a student's decision-making.
Students' Interest in Career Choice
Personal interests significantly influence career decisions because they are crucial to
the type of employment someone wants. People will work extremely hard and dedicate
themselves to achieving their career goals. Also, the student's interest will encourage them
to participate more in what they are passionate about (Abdo & Majid, 2016).
According to the study of Nyamwange (2016), student interest plays a vital role in a
person's professional choice. Many studies support interest as one of the fundamental
factors influencing career choice. Ahmed (2014) stated in his study that students know their
interests are the main force when selecting their major. According to the study by Bubic
(2014), students' natural or initial interest in a particular area of future study frequently
influenced their choice.

In addition, the study by Sierra (2020) concluded that the most essential thing that
students consider when choosing their senior high school track is what they are interested
in. Because of this, students became more motivated to achieve good academic
performance. The same findings were found in the study of Anuada (2017), where she
revealed that personality or interest is the factor having the most influence in choosing their
track and strand, and therefore concluded that it plays an essential role in choosing the right
career.
Contrary to the previous citation, the study by Rio et al. (2022) did not find any
significant influence when deciding what senior high school track and strand they should
choose. Similar studies show the same result, proving that the learner's interest affects their
decision differently.
Job Opportunities Affect Career Choice
Job opportunity is one of the factors that learners take most into consideration.
Alongside their interest in a particular profession, it was discovered that students are
motivated to take their courses because of employment opportunities (Kunnen, 2013).
However, interest and the high chance of getting employed are not the only reasons
learners choose a particular career.

The study of Bakar et al. (2014) states that learners choose their careers depending on
what benefits are included in a job, such as financial remuneration, job security, and
satisfaction. A similar study was conducted in Switzerland, which shows that youth learners
consider accessibility when choosing jobs, choosing jobs near them instead of those they
prefer (Atitsogbe et al., 2018). The study by Choi and Kim (2013) shows the same result,
where Korean students focus on the accessibility of their job.
Students must go through a complicated process while choosing a career in which they
need to consider various factors, including job opportunities (Santric-Milicevic et al., 2014).
The study of Princes et al. (2023) showed that job opportunity is the second-most influential
factor in choosing a senior high school stream. The study by Japitan et al. (2015) showed
that learners know the job opportunities surrounding them. However, learners were found to
be only somewhat influenced by the said factor, and they only consider job opportunities
less when making track preferences but do not disregard it.
Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
This study set out to identify the variables that affect grade 10 students' choices for
senior high strand, to examine the research, the investigator employed a descriptive
research design, goals and obtain a fresh understanding of the gathered data. To look into
the goals of the research, if you're curious about whether choosing a course in senior high
school influences the decisions you make, this study will investigate it.
Research Design
This study utilizes the descriptive method of research to determine the factors that
affect the senior high school strand preferences of the Grade 10 students of Janopol
Oriental National High School of the Academic Year 2023-2024. It would see if independent
variables relating to sex and section were significant in factors of influencing the strand
preferences of the respondents. This study used a quantitative-descriptive research design
to easily obtain information.
The quantitative-descriptive research design is a quantitative design that attempts to
collect quantifiable information for statistical analysis of the population sample. It
is a popular market research tool that allows us to collect and describe the demographic
segment’s nature.
Respondents of the Study

This study will focus on Grade 10 students of Janopol Oriental National High School
(JONHS) located in Brgy. Janopol Oriental, Tanauan City, Batangas for the school year
2023-2024. There are thirteen male (13) while fifteen female (15) as a total of twenty-eight
(28) students as respondents in this study which will be grouped into four sections. Students
at the said school are composed of different barangays because of the six catchment areas
including Brgy. Bañadero, Brgy. Gonzales, Brgy. Janopol Occidental, Brgy. Janopol
Oriental, Brgy. Santor and Brgy. Talaga which exhibits diverse cultures.
Sampling Technique
This research was carried out in Janopol Oriental National High School. The
respondents of the study were the grade 10 students from SY 2023-2024 except for those
who’s from grade 7-8. The complete enumeration sampling technique was used in this
study. The percentage of responses, particularly those students who are untraceable, would
not probably consider. Also, those who have not answer our google form were not
considered and were excluded from the number of samples as they do not meet the criteria
to participate in the study.
Research Instrument
The primary tool used by the researcher to gather and describe data was an online
questionnaire. The online survey tool in question consists of three components. Part 1
provides an overview of the goal, importance, and general guidelines. The demographic
details of the respondents are provided in Part 2 and include their senior high school
course, The survey's third section includes factors that affect the choice made by seniors in
high school regarding which school to attend. These elements consist of academic
performance, job opportunities, parents, personal interest and socio-economic status.
Research Procedure
The researchers managed to reproduce the questionnaire that accords with the number
of respondents. The researchers obtained permission from the advisers to
administer the research instrument and to distributed the questionnaire thru google
survey. The respondent’s information was classified as confidential and the data that was
gathered are useful.
Statistical Treatment of Data
Frequency counts were used to determine and describe the student's strand. Raw data
were grouped into a frequency distribution, Mean was utilized to find out the average or
centrality of percentile scores.
Mean and Standard Deviation
It was used for the second part, which contains the survey for the factors affecting learners
in choosing their preferred senior high school strand.
Frequency and percentage.

These statistical tools are used to determine the profile of the respondents in terms of
sex and section.
Dependent T-Test
It will be used to determine the significant difference in the students’ preference for
strand and the factors that affect them.
Independent T-Test
It will be used to determine the significant difference in the factors and the preferred
strand of grade 10.
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DRAFT OF QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Grade 10 Student,
We are conducting a survey to understand the factors that influence students' decisions
when selecting a strand for Senior High School (SHS). Your participation in this survey will
greatly contribute to our research. Please answer the following questions honestly and to the
best of your ability. Your responses will be kept confidential.
SEX: [ ] F
[]M
SECTION: [ ] LAUREL
[ ] MABINI
[ ] RECTO
[ ] CASTILL
Have you received any career guidance or counseling regarding your SHS strand
selection?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
What strand do you prefer?
[ ] STEM
[ ] HUMSS
[ ] ABM
[ ] GAS
[ ] TVL
[ ] Arts and Design Track
[ ] Sports Track
How confident are you in your decision-making process regarding your SHS strand
selection?
[ ] Very confident
[ ] Somewhat confident
[ ] Not very confident
[ ] Unsure
Which factors are most important to you when choosing a strand for Senior High
School?
[ ] Parental Influence
[ ] Peer Influence
[ ] Interest ;and
[ ] Job Opportunities

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THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

financial condition, and employ-ability.

prerequisites, and personal circumstances.

Background of the Study

essential skills and reach the legal age for employment.

she goes to college.

finances in choosing career.

interests in life that can still change over time:

Moneva and Malbas (2019)

The influence of a parent's involvement in a child's education is also inevitable.

In some movements or anything that needs to be decided on, parents would

be used as basis for our research.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES:This includes the demographic profile of the students, their

choice of field of study to specialize and their strand preferences.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Figure1. The Framework of The Study

the independent variables, Whereas the Interest, Skill, Personal Challenges,

categories; Academics,TVL, Arts and Design Track , and Sports Track.

course selection factors as perceived by the students in selecting their strand

preference for senior high school study, in additional, Multinational logistic

regression analysis was computed to measure the significance of the strand

Statement of the Problem

factors and strands.

Specifically, the study answered the following:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

and strand for senior high school along:

3. Is there a significant difference between the following variables when grouped

4. Based on findings, what recommendation may be proposed?

The study posits the following hypothesis:

Senior High School track of the grade 10 students.

Significance of the Study

Learning is the aspect of development that connotes modification of behaviour skills

in relation to student’s achievements. Vital results of this investigation could be highly

significant and beneficial specifically to the following:

engagement, motivation, and ultimately better academic outcomes.

considered when choosing an academic strand.

informed choices about their future career paths.

selections that complement their abilities and goals.

has relevance to the study.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

School in the coming AY 2024-2025.

Career: A field for pursuit of consecutive progressive achievement

especially in public, professional or business.

Characteristics: A feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place,

or thing and serving to identify it.

Choice: An act of selecting or making a decision when faced with two or

Course: A number of lectures or other reached after consideration.

Contribution: The party by a person or thing in bringing about a result or

helping something to advance.

Decisions: Conclusion or resolution after consideration.

Decongesting: Relieve the congestion of (something)

Deped: Executive department of the philippines government for improving

the quality of basic education.

Education: Discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and

Factors: A circumferences, fact, or influence that contributes to a result.

Family: The basic unit in society traditionally consisting of two parents

rearing their children\s.

Future: Used to refer to what will happen to someone or something in the

Influence: The capacity to have an effect on the character, development,

or behavior of someone or something, or he effect itself.

Interest: The state of wanting to know or learn about something or

Intricate: very complicated or detailed.