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Crane
Crane
Crane
Cranes
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TOWER
CRANES
TOWER CRANES
Topless or flattop
tower crane
TOWER CRANES
The flexibility of its freely
suspended hook moving in
three planes provides a
tremendous advantage in
terms of load pick-up and
positioning.
TOWER CRANES
Advantage of having both the operator
and jib above the construction site.
NOMENCLATURE
Counterweight
jib
Hoisting is
the vertical
movement of
the load.
HOISTING
The hoist cable runs from
the hoist drum located on
the crane’s counter jib,
through the jib and then
to the trolley and down to
the hook.
HOIST
DRUM
The hoist
cable runs
from the
hoist drum
located on
the crane’s
counter jib.
HOISTING
Through the jib to the trolley
and then down to the hook.
Trolley
Hook
HOOK
MOVEMENT
HOOK
MOVEMENT
Slewing
Hoisting
CONFIGURATIONS
SLEWING RING
LOCATION
Fixed tower-type
crane has the slewing
ring located at the
top of the tower and
the jib slews around
the vertical axis of
the tower
SLEWING
TOWER
Slewing ring
located at the
base of the
tower and both
the tower and
jib slew relative
to the base.
CONFIGURATIONS
Saddle jib - is fixed in a
horizontal position by pendants.
To vary the hook radius, a trolley
moves along the bottom of the jib.
Also know as a
hammerhead boom
CONFIGURATIONS
Luffing jib – is
pinned at its base
and supported by
luffing cables. The
hook radius is
varied by
changing the angle
of jib inclination
CONFIGURATIONS
Anchors transfer
lateral loads to the
building structure
FIXED
BASE
Some cranes are
assembled to a fixed
height by other
equipment at the
start of the project.
FIXE BASE
Tower crane
based on piles
FIXED BASE
There are
self-raising
cranes which
can increase
their height
as the project
progresses.
Climbing
CLIMBING frame
Usually climbs through
an opening within the Temporary shores
Temporary shores
CLIMBING
Internal tower crane,
climbing through
openings left in the
ceilings of the
structure
Hydraulic
climbing
mechanism
TRAVELING
Mounted on rails
(Bottom-slewing)
TRAVELING
Electrical
power
cable
Rails on
sleepers
TRAVELING
(Top-slewing)
Telescoping
mast
TERMINOLOGY
Maximum free
standing height is the
height to which a
tower crane can safely
rise from its base
without the need of
external bracing for
lateral stiffing.
TERMINOLOGY
Maximum braced
height is the height to
which a tower crane
can safely rise from
its base with
additional external
bracing for lateral
stiffing.
TERMINOLOGY
Jib lengths
LOAD CHART
Two-part line
Table 17.3, p.563
L7 jib
Radius of 142 ft
SAFE LOAD
From Table 17.3 capacity
is 16,400 lb
16,400 lb > 16,170 lb
Therefore crane can
safely make the pick.
MAXIMUM LOAD
Under different hoist line
configurations, two-part or
four-part, a tower crane
will have different lifting
capacities at a given
operating radius.
MAXIMUM LOAD
Capacity comparison two-part
vs. four-part line with a L6 jib.
Hook Reach Two-part Four-part
10’ 3” 27,600 lb
13’ 6” 55,200 lb
88’ 2” 27,600 lb
90’ 0” 27,700 lb
180’ 13,200 lb 11,500 lb
MAXIMUM LOAD
Operating radius less than 90 ft
the crane has a greater lifting
capacity with the four-part line.
Operating radius exceeds 90 ft
the crane has a greater lifting
capacity with the two-part line.
MAXIMUM LOAD
OTHER FACTORS
Weather: Extremely cold
temperature will cause a crane’s
structure to become brittle. Zero°
Fahrenheit is the prohibiting
temperature for operations.
Ice, snow or rain will increase the
weight of the item being lifted.
CRANE LOCATION
SAFETY
SAFETY
SAFETY